SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS FOUND IN

THE HUNGER GAMES: THE MOCKINGJAY PART 1 MOVIE AND THE

IMPLICATION TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Requirements

For the degree of Undergraduate Degree in English Education Study Program

By:

Citra Dewi Arum Sari

SRN. 133221043

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

ISLAMIC EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY

THE STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF SURAKARTA

2017
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis especially for:

My mother and father
My brother
All of friends that always support me
 MOTTO

So, verily, with every difficulty, there is relief:

Verily, with every difficulty there is relief.

(QS. Al Insyirah: 5-6)

‗The subtlety of nature is greater many times

over than the subtlety of argument‘
Francis Bacon, Novum Organum
(1620) Aphorism XXIV
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahirabbil‘alamin, all praises be to Allah SWT, the single power, the Lord of

the universe, master of the day of the judgment, God almighty, for all blessings and mercies

so the researcher was able to finish the thesis entitled “Semiotic Analysis of Idiomatic

Expressions Found in The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay Part 1 Movie and The

Implication to English Language Skills”. Peace be upon Prophet Muhammad SAW, the

great leader and good inspiration of world revolution.

The researcher is sure that this thesis would not be completed without the helps,

supports, and suggestions from several sides. Thus, the researcher would like to express the

deepest thanks to all of those who had helped, supported, and suggested during the process of

writing this thesis. This goes to:

1. Dr. H. Mudhofir, S.Ag, M.Pd the Rector of the State Islamic Institute of Surakarta.

2. Dr. H. Giyoto, M.Hum as the Dean of Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty.

3. Dr. Imroatus Solikhah, M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department of Islamic

Education and Teacher Training Faculty.

4. Zainal Arifin, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the advisor for his permission, approval, precious advices,

corrections and help to revise the mistake during the entire process of writing of this

thesis.

5. The researcher‘s parents, Tri Jaswanto and Haryati for uncountable and endless love,

support, prayer, helpand everything that they give to the researcher.

6. The researcher‘s best friend ,thank you for always helping, supporting
motivating,sharing, advising and accompanying in everyday until the researcher finished
this research.
7. Everyone who has helped the researcher to conduct the research and write this thesis who
can not mentioned one by one.
 The researcher realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. The researcher

hopes that this thesis is useful for the researcher in particular and readers in general.

Surakarta, 22 August 2017

Researcher
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE ....................................................................................................................... i

ADVISOR SHEET ..................................................................................................ii

APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................. iii

DEDICATION ........................................................................................................ iv

MOTTO ................................................................................................................... v

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY ...................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................vii

TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................xii

LIST OF FIGURE..................................................................................................xii

LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study ................................................................................ 1

B. Limitation of the Problem ................................................................................. 8

C. The Problem Statement ..................................................................................... 9

D. The Objective of the Study ............................................................................... 9

E. The Benefit of the Study ................................................................................. 10

F. The Definition of Key Term ........................................................................... 12

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Theoretical Description .................................................................................. 13

1. Idiomatic Expression ................................................................................. 13

2. Idiom ......................................................................................................... 13

3. Symbol ....................................................................................................... 27

4. Semiotic .................................................................................................... 30

5. Context ....................................................................................................... 41

6. The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie directed by

Francis Lawrence ...................................................................................... 41

7. Cross Cultural Understanding ................................................................... 43

8. Implication of Semiotic Analysis on Idiomatic Expression to

English Education ..................................................................................... 46

B. Previous Study ................................................................................................ 53

CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODLOGY

A. Research Design ............................................................................................. 56

B. Data and source of data ................................................................................... 57

C. Technique of Collecting Data ......................................................................... 57

D. Technique of Analyzing Data ......................................................................... 59

E. Trustworthiness of Data .................................................................................. 61

CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Findings .......................................................................................... 62

B. Discussion ..................................................................................................... 121

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 184

B. Suggestion .................................................................................................... 185

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 187

 ABSTRACT
CitraDewi Arum Sari. 2017. Semiotic Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions Found in The
Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie and The Implication to English Language Skills.
Thesis.English Teaching Department Study Program, Islamic Education and Teacher
Training Faculty.
Advisor: ZainalArifin, S. Pd, M. Pd
Key words: Semiotic Analysis, Idiomatic Expression, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part
1
The objectives of this research are: (1). To know about the idiomatic expressions
revealed on the dialogue spoken by the characters of The Mockingjay part 1 movie; (2). To
find the meaning of symbols contained in the idiomatic expressions revealed on the dialogue
spoken by the characters ofThe Hunger Games: The Mockingjaypart 1 movie based on
semiotic approach using semiotic theory of Roland Barthes; (3). To find the implication of
semiotic analysis on idiomatic expressions found in The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part
1 movie to English langage skills.
In this research, the researcher used a qualitative research in the type of content
analysis using descriptive method of the study to help analyzing the data that she makes. The
object of this research is The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie which is
American science fiction war movie directed by Francis Lawrence. The researcher used
Makkai‘s classification of idioms to collect the data related with the idiomatic expressions
found in The Mockingjay part 1 movie, then the researcher also used Roland Barthes‘
semiotic theory of two rates of signification to analyze the meaning of symbol contained in
the idiomatic expression found in The Mockingjay part 1 movie.
The primary data of this research are idiomatic expressions revealed in the dialogue
spoken by the characters of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay part 1movie is gotten by
watching The Mockingjay part 1 movie and read the script of The Mockingjay part 1 movie
repeatly, while and the secondary data of this research are idiomatic expressions which found
in The Mockingjay part 1 movie is gotten through document study by reading the script of
The Mockingjay part 1 movie, books, and previous study related with the object of the
research.
The results of this research show that there are 28 idiomatic expression based on
Makkai‘s classification of idioms consists of lexemic idioms, they are: 6 Phrasal verbs
idioms; 13 Phrasal compound idioms; 8Tournures idiom, and sememic idiom, that is 1
proverbial as idiom with a ―moral‖. From those 28 idiomatic expressions, there are 24
idiomatic expressions containing symbol. Those symbols are: fire, dark, lightning rod, heart,
ground, ear, beating heart, a little light, red, window, horizon, soul, puppet, come, eyes, face,
light, dead, and tomb. Based on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory all of those symbols has
it‘s denotative and connotative meaning which construct the meaning of the idiomatic
expressions. From the result of the semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in this
movie, the researcher got some implication of this analysis to English language skills. The
implication of it is also based on the result of interview toward some lectures of 4 main skills
of English: speaking; listening; reading; and writing. The implication of Semiotic analysis of
idiomatic expressions found in The Mockingjay part 1 movie are: (1). Build up the student‘s
culture awareness in language learning; (2). Make the students study and also understand the
materials of study deeply and the process of study become more colorful; (3). Make the
student know about the meaning of idiomatic expression from every element of it and also
knowing the meaning from the side sight of culture.
 LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE 2.1 :Roland Barthes‘s sign map

FIGURE 4.1 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―fire‖ 1

FIGURE 4.2 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―fire‖ 2

FIGURE 4.3 :Barthes‘ssign map of symbol ―fire‖ 3

FIGURE 4.5 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―lightning rod‖

FIGURE 4.6 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―eyes‖ 1

FIGURE 4.7 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―eyes‖ 2

FIGURE 4.8 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―dark‖ 1

FIGURE 4.9 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―dark‖ 2

FIGURE 4.10 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―beating heart‖

FIGURE 4.11 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―a little light‖

FIGURE 4.12 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―come‖

FIGURE 4.13 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―ears‖

FIGURE 4.14 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―dead‖

FIGURE 4.15 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―red‖

FIGURE 4.16 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―tomb‖

FIGURE 4.17 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―window‖

FIGURE 4.18 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―light‖

FIGURE 4.19 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―horizon‖

FIGURE 4.20 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―soul‖

FIGURE 4.21 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―puppet‖

FIGURE 4.22 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―face‖

FIGURE 4.23 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―ground‖

FIGURE 4.24 :Barthes‘s sign map of symbol ―heart‖

 LIST OF TABLE

TABLE 4.1 :Table of the analysis of phrasal verbs idiom

TABLE 4.2 :Table of the analysis of phrasal compound idiom

TABLE 4.3 :Table of tournures idioms

TABLE 4.4 :Table of the analysis of proverbial idiom wiyh a ―moral‖

 LIST OF APENDIXES

APPENDIX 1 : Table of Semiotic Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions Found in The

Hunger Games: The Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

APPENDIX 2 :Synopsys of the Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

APPENDIX3 :Script of the Structured Interview toward the lecturers of English teaching

department.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Study about the language makes students have to study also about the culture.

Because of different country and different area people have different language and the

culture. It seems when the students study the proverb, saying, and idiom. Idiom is one of

language features which has added uniqueness and carried different meaning from

construction of word.

According Fromkin (1997: 3), knowing the language is as same as knowing the

simple words, combinations of words and meanings. It means knowing phrases mixture

consisting of more than one syllable and its meaning can‘t be inferred from the meaning

of individual words. Expressions such as it is called idiom.

According to peaty (1983: 3), idiom is part of the language that can‘t be

separated. Idiom is also an expression of the word or phrase that has a figurative

meaning that can be understood in terms of the common use of the expression that is

separate from the literal sense.

According to Keraf (2005:109) something called as idiom is the structural

pattern which deviates from general language principles, which usually formed as a

phrase, while the meaning can‘t be explained logically or grammatically by focus on

the meaning of the words construct it.

Idiom is a unit of words (phrases) or expression that is used along the constant

meaning and structure. English language has many idioms. The meaning of idiom cannot

be predicted from word to word or it’s grammatical separately and cannot be replaced,

for the example: the word “Close down” means bankrupt, it is not “close” that means

close a window or something and “down” which means go to down.

 Understanding and mastering idioms will make students heard like English

native speaker. If the students do not understand it, they will often misunderstandin

when they speak English or listen it and their English will be stiff, formal and unnatural.

The meaning of idioms is almost impossible to understand unless the students

use their cultural knowledge or have heard them before. For example, the expression

kick on the bucket uses for saying that someone has died, stopped breathing or does not

exist anymore. Nippold and Taylor (2002: 384) claims that idiom understanding begins in

early childhood and gradually improves throughout the school-age years, adolescence,

and well into adulthood. Idioms are an important part of acquiring a language and often

indicate a proficient learner. Burke (1998:5) claims that knowledge of slang and idiom is

fundamental to nonnative speakers’ understanding of the language that native speakers

actually use. Bromley (1984: 272) agrees with this statement and remarks that idioms

add confusion and difficulty to learning of language and so they occupy a special place in

the teaching of language and reading.

Another important part of idiom acquisition is that these figurative expressions

make a language more vibrant. They are useful when decorating the language or when

searching for new ways of expressing oneself. Bromley (1984: 274) promotes the use of

idioms by stating that “just idioms are disruptive, ambiguous, and difficult for the

language user, so also are they interesting and colorful. Idioms add humor, imagery, and

spice to language”.

Potter (1967: 130) has written,“Language is like a dress. We vary our dress to

suit the occasion,it means that we choose the most appropriate way of expressing

ourselves depending on the social context in which the utterance is made”. According to

Gee (2007: 72), language builds abstractions on the basis images from embodied
experiences of a material world, so, too, does human learning and thinking. In order to

grasp concepts people often use words or expressions that relate to our body. A

common expression is to say keep this in mind making it sounds as if the mind was an

actual place for storage. Figurative expressions such as idioms are used frequently in

everyday situations, therefore it needs to be addressed by teachers. Idiom

comprehension requires the learners to go beyond a simple word-by-word

comprehension strategy and to integrate figurative meaning.

It is important for language learners to understand idioms. Idioms are very

common in both written and spoken language. Lundblom and Woods (2012: 203) write

that idioms “appear in conversation, print (magazines and newspapers), and media

(movies, radio, and television). Cooper (1998: 225) claims that when idioms occur on TV-

shows, for example, in order to even understand the plot, the viewer often needs to be

able to comprehend the idiom in question. Furthermore, the four kinds of nonliteral

expressions, idioms are the most frequently encountered in discourse. Consequently,

since idioms are such a big part of most languages, the students should learn them in

order to be fluent in the target language. Burke (1998: 1) goes as far as claiming that

there is absolutely no way a nonnative speaker of English could fully understand an

American movie, TV show, news broadcast, or even a typical conversation without help

because our language is loaded with nonstandard English, i.e., slang and idioms. He

explains that if nonnative speaker do not understand idioms, they will never able to

completely integrate and, instead, they will always be outsiders. Cooper (1998: 259)

agrees that “sooner or later, imprecise idiomatic usage will cause difficulties even for a

student with an excellent knowledge of grammar and high level of vocabulary

attainment”. Thus, the fact that the students most definitely encounter idiomatic
expressions on daily basis (whether in a country where the native language is English, or

just through TV shows and movies) is definitely a main reason as to why their idiom

awareness needs to be developed during their language learning. Additionally, it seems

that idioms are difficult to learn and comprehend. The complexity of this area within

language learning is another reason why the teachers need to explain and teach idioms

to the students. Bromley (1984: 272) writes that idioms add confusion and difficulty to

the learning of language. Lundblom and Woods (2012: 202) further explain that idioms

occur frequently in classroom language. The students with literacy or language

weakness are often challenged by idioms; therefore, the failure to comprehend idioms

can impact academic performance. Moreover, Burke (1998: 5) mentions that teaching

students about explaining nonliteral language thoroughly in school is preferable to

students hearing this type of language outside of the classroom. Outside of an

educational environment, the risk of the student misunderstanding an idiom is higher.

The student might end up in a situation where he or she uses the idiom in the wrong

context and gets into trouble or an awkward situation because of it.

Since idioms are so common in everyday language use, and since they seem

difficult for foreign language students to learn, as educators we do not need to promote

the actual use of slang, idioms, but we do have a responsibility to familiarize the non-

native speaker with this type of language.

Teaching idiom can be done through analysis of a movie. The students can

enrich our knowledge of idiomatic expression by watching a movie. Movie is one of

some great media for learning English language. The website of Wikipendidikan writes

that there is 5 surplus of study English language by using movie media, that are: 1. It can

increase listening skill; 2. Increase speaking skill; 3. Increase the ability on pronounce
English vocabularies correctly; 4. Increase more new English vocabularies; and 5.

Applying theory on practice, by watching a movie the students can know the applying of

English language on daily activities like what is shown in the movie.

And related with idiom,the students can find easily some examples of idiom in a

movie, because some movies use expression using the idiom in every part dialogue of it

as its own idiomatic way of expressing meaning besides of using metaphors, secondary

meaning and figurative language. Therefore, the students can understand with the

messages that convey from the movie while we have been study about it.

The researcher often found movies which containing idiomatic expressions

in their dialog. For the example, there is The Hunger Games:The Mockingjay part 1,

an American science fiction adventure movie released in 2013. This movie was

directed by Francis Lawrence and the story of this movie is based on novel Mockingjay

by Suzanne Collins. Jennifer Lawrence was the main character of this movie as Katniss

who well known as the ―Mockingjay‖. The Hunger Games:The Mockingjay part 1went to

No. 1 spot during its opening weekend with a $273.8 million worldwide gross, becoming

the biggest opening of 2014. Mockingjay part 1 had garnered a nomination for Best

Science Fiction Film at 41st Saturn Awards. Besides of that, Jennifer Lawrence, the main

character of this movie received a nomination for Best Actress in an Action Movie at the

20th Critics‘ Choice Awards.

The researcher choosed this movie as the object of the research because there are

found many idiomatic expressions containing symbol in the dialogue spoken by the

characters of this movie. For example, when the character Katniss says ―You see the fire?

The fire is catching‖, the word ―fire‖ is not mean fire that burning but the word ―fire‖ in

that dialogue means ―the war declaration‖.

 In this research, the researcher wants to analyze the meaning of idiomatic

expression in the dialogue spoken by the characters of this movie, especially idiomatic

expression which contains symbol by using semiotic approach. Semiotic (semiotics) is

the science of symbol. This science considers that the social and cultural phenomenon is a

symbol. Semiotic studies the systems, rules, and conventions that allow the symbols have

a meaning. In literary criticism, semiotics research includes the analysis of literature as a

use of language that depends on additional conventions and examines the characteristics

(properties) discourse that has meaning (Pradopo, 2005: 119). It means that semiotic is

the study about the meaning of symbol.

There are many experts on semiotic field, like Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles S.

Pierce and Roland Barthes. Ferdinand de Saussure is well known as the father of

linguistic and he focuses on the semiotic in linguistic while Charles S. Pierce focuses on

the semiotic in communication which studies about the production of sign. In addition,

Roland Barthes focuses on the semiotic in linguistic and he is someone who continues the

semiotic thought of Saussure. In this research the researcher uses the semiotic theory of

Roland Barthes. Roland Barthes divides the meaning on two rates of signification that is

denotative (system of primary meaning) and connotative (system of secondary meaning).

The application of semioticby Roland Barthes in analyzing the meaning of

idiom can be seen in this example. Someone says ―I‘m feeling blue‖. In this expression,

the word ―blue‖ based on the first rate signification (denotative) has a meaning ―the color

of blue‖. While in the second rate signification (connotative) related with socio-culture

life, the word ―blue‖ has a meaning ―sad‖.In the socio-culture life, the blue color

represents the sad feeling.

From some appearances above, the researcher felt curious about the meaning of

the idiomatic expression reveals on the dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger
Games: The Mockingjay part 1, especially idiomatic expression which contains symbol

using semiotic approach.

The researcher is intended to investigate the meaning of those idiomatic

expressions revealed on the dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger Games: The

Mockingjay part 1, especially idiomatic expression which contains symbol by semiotic

approach using semiotic theory of Roland Barthes.From this analysis, there resulted the

denotative meaning as the first rate signification and the connotative meaning as the

second rate of signification and also the myth of the symbol in idiomatic expression as the

deepest layer of symbol and meaning.

B. Limitation of the Study

In order to the researcher be more focus,the researcher expressly limits the

research on the idiomatic expression revealed on the dialogue spoken by the character of

The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie. The whole of this research is

analyzed using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes which focuses on analyzing the

denotative and connotative meaning of the symbols in the idiomatic expressions and also

the myth of the symbols.This research also focuses on finding the implication of

idiomatic expression and semiotic analysis in English language skills.

 C. Problem Statements

Based on research background, the researcher discusses some problem in this

research. They are:

1. Whatarethe idiomatic expressionsrevealed on the dialogue spoken by the

characters of The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie?

2. What is the meaning of symbol contained in the idiomatic expressionsrevealed

on the dialogue spoken by the characters ofThe Hunger Games: The

Mockingjay part 1 movie based on semiotic approach using semiotic theory of

Roland Barthes?

3. What is the implication of semiotic analysis on idiomatic expressions found on

The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie to English language skills?

D. Objective of the Studies

In line with the problem statements, the objectives of the study are as the

follows:

1. To find the idiomatic expressions revealed on the dialogue spoken by the

characters of The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie.

2. To find the meaning of symbol contained in the idiomatic expressionsrevealed

on the dialogue spoken by the characters ofThe Hunger Games: The Mockingjay

part 1 movie based on semiotic approach using semiotic theory of Roland

Barthes.

3. To find the implication of semiotic analysis on idiomatic expressions found on

The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie to English language skills.
E. Benefit of the Studies

From the discussion of problem statement of this research, this research gives

some benefit, such as:

1. Theoretical Benefit

The study focuses on understanding the meaning of the idiomatic

expression which revealed on the dialogue spoken in the movie, so the result of

the study might be knowledge about the meaning of the idiomatic expression

which revealed on the dialogue spoken in the movie through semiotic approach

using semiotic theory of Roland Barthes.

2. Practical Benefit

a. Readers

The readers can understand the meaning of the idiomatic

expression revealed on the dialogue spoken in the movie, so they become

more understand about the purpose of what the characters spoke in the

movie. Besides of that, from this research the readers can know more

about the example of idiomatic expressions.

b. Other Researchers

The result of the research can be used as further information for

other researchers that have related discussion about the analysis of

idiomatic expression revealed on some literary work, especially using

semiotic approach.

c. English Foreign Language Teacher

This research may give a way for English languageteachers to

make deeper the process of studying the English language by analyzing the

content of literary work through analyzing the idiomatic expression that is

 used in the dialogue of the movie using semiotic approach. Besides of that,

it gives some evidence about how important to teach about idiom in the

class.

d. English Foreign Language Students

This research may give knowledge about idiomatic expression for

English Foreign Language students. The knowledge that given in form of

analysis of the meaning of idiomatic expression implicitly give the EFL

students more knowledge about idiomatic expressions and also the types of

idioms and the meanings, then explicitly it gives knowledge about the

foreign culture to EFL students through Barthes‘s semiotic approach

which analyze the meaning of idiomatic expression through the symbol of

it, then analyze the denotative and the connotative meaning of those

idiomatic expression. The myth of the symbols contained in the idiomatic

expressions gives EFL student knowledge about the culture of the foreign

people.

F. Definition of Key Terms

1. Semiotic Analysis

Semiotic analysis is a research which discusses deeply about the system

of sign or content of written or printed information in mass media.

2. Idiomatic Expression

According to Elizabeth O‘Brien in her paper (2009), idiomatic expression

is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning conventionally

understood by native speakers. This meaning is different from the literal

meaning of the idiom's individual elements.

3. The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1

The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 is the scientific fiction movie

which directed by Francis Lawrence and written by Danny Strong in 2014.It is

the first movie of two parts of this movies based on novel ―Mockingjay‖, the

last book of The Hunger Games Trilogy which written by Suzane Collins, and it

is the third movie of The Hunger Games movie series.

 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Theoretical Description

1. Idiomatic Expression

According to O‘Brien in her paper (2009), Idiomatic expression is an

expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning conventionally

understood by native speakers. This meaning is different from the literal

meaning of the idiom's individual elements. In other words, idioms don't mean

exactly what the words say. They have, however, hidden meaning.

Examples:

a. "Kick the bucket"

b. "Spill the beans"

The meaning of these expressions is different from the literal meaning

or definition of the words of which they are made. Their meanings are,

however, used figuratively. They mean respectively:

a. "to die "

b. "to tell people secret information"

2. Idiom

a. Definition of Idiom

Idiom is originated from Greek language. Idios which is meant

exclusive, stand alone, special or private. In this case, according to Keraf

(2005:109) something called as idiom is the structural pattern which

deviates from general language principles, which usually formed as a

phrase, while the meaning can‘t be explained logically or grammatically

by focus on the meaning of the words construct it.

 Same with the opinion above, Chaer (2009: 74) states that idiom is

a unit of language. It can be word, phrase, or sentence whose the meaning

can‘t be predicted from the lexical meaning of its elements or

grammatical meaning of its units.

Furthermore, Chaer mentioned that idiom, expression and

metaphor has quite same discussion object, however its point of view is

different. According to Chaer (1997: page), the difference between idiom

with expression is technical term on rhetoric while idiom is technical term

on semantic area.

An idiom is a phrase which means something different from the

meaning of separate words that are part of it. Each language has its own

idiomatic way of expressing meaning through lexical item such as words or

phrases. All languages have idioms especially the English language which is

rich in vocabulary, including its way of expressing idiomatic expression

(Palmer, 1976).

Idiom is a group of words which has different meaning from the

individual meaning. Palmer (1976:79) says that idioms semantically single

meaning, it means that idioms is language unit that can be consist of words,

phrase, or sentence of which the meaning is unpredictable from either the

lexical meaning of its element or the grammatical of its unit. Another

definition of idiom is that an idiom is expression whose meanings cannot be

accounted for as a compositional function of the meanings its part when they

are not parts of idioms. It involves that the meanings of an idiom cannot be

inferred from the meaning of the parts carry in that expression. It must be a

matter of their meaning in other expression.

b. Essential Features of Idiom

According to Bell (1974:3), there are certain essential features which

help in the recognition of idioms. Some of these features are:

1) Alteration of Grammatical Rules

The idiomatic expression is not always grammatical, but it is

established, accepted and used by native speakers of the language with

a fixed structure and meaning.

E.g.: It‘s ages since we met (singular with a plural noun)

2) Conventional Phrases

Idioms are special expressions which are almost known and agreed

by all the members of a particular community. E.g.: - How are you

doing? (Expression used to ask someone about his health).

- Once in a blue moon (rarely, infrequently).

3) Alteration of Word Order

English Idiomatic expressions, usually, do not respect the English

word order.

E.g.: It may be well ahead of time (normal word order).

It may well be ahead of time (probably): idiomatic expression.

4) Figurativeness

The basic characteristic of idiomatic expressions is that the words

are used metaphorically. Therefore, the surface structure has a little

role to play in understanding the meaning of the whole expression.

For example, in ‗to bury the hatchet‘, meaning to become friendly

again after a disagreement, the meanings of the words ‗to bury‘ and

‗the hatchet‘ are different from the meaning of the whole expression.
5) Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are the most common type of idioms in English.

Many of them carry idiomatic meanings that cannot be inferred from

the form, unless the phrase is already known.

E.g.: After war began, the two countries broke off diplomatic relations

(discontinue). Most auto mobile companies bring out new models each

year (to show or introduce).

According to Baker (1992: 63), there can be identified some

grammatical and syntactic restrictions of idioms, a speaker or a writer

cannot normally do any of the following with an idiom because the meaning

would be changed:

1) Addition

Adding any word to an idiomatic expression may alter its

meaning, or remove its idiomatic sense. For instance, adding the

adverb very to the adjective red in red herring.Very red herring affects

the figurativeness of its meaning completely.

2) Deletion

Deleting the adjective sweet and the article the from the

expressions have a sweet tooth and spill the beans would change

totally their meanings. Hence,have a tooth and spill beans have no

sense.

3) Substitution

Idioms accept no replacement of words even if those words are

synonyms. For example, the long and short of it means the basic facts
 of situation. The adjective long cannot be substituted by another

adjective, like tall,despite they have nearly the same meaning.

4) Modification

Any change in the grammatical structure of an idiom leads to

the destruction of the idiom meaning. For instance, the expression

stock and barrel locks is no more idiomatic because of the altered

order of the items in the expression lock, stock and barrelcompletely.

5) Comparative

Adding the comparative form –er to the adjective hot in the

expression be in hot water changes the conventional sense of the idiom

which has the meaning of be in trouble.

6) Passive

The passive form some beans were spilled has a different

meaning from its active one.

c. Typesof Idioms

Idioms vary in terms of their degree of semantic transparency and

structural variability. They also differ significantly in syntactic composition.

Idioms may be classified in many different ways, there are some experts that

classified idioms into several types.

For the first, there is Frenandho. According to Fernando (1996: 35-36),

idioms can be grouped into three sub-classes:

 1) Pure idioms

A pure idiom a type of conventionalized, non-literal multiword

expression whose meaning cannot be understood by adding up the

meanings of the words that makes up the phrase. For example the

expression spill the beans is a pure idiom, because its real meaning has

nothing to do with beans.

2) Semi-idioms

A semi-pure, on the other hand, has at least one literal element

and one with a non-literal meaning. For example Foot the bill (i.e. pay)

is one example of a semi-idiom, in which foot is the non-literal

element, whereas the word bill is used literally.

3) Literal idioms

Literal idioms, such as on foot or on the contrary are

semantically less complex than the other two, and therefore easier to

understand even if one is not familiar with these expressions. These

expression may be considered idioms because they are either

completely invariant or allow only restricted variation.

Fernando (1996: 37) admits the difficulty of drawing a clear boundary

between these three idioms. For the second, there is Halliday. Taking

consideration the function of the phrase, Halliday (1985, as quoted by

Fernando 1996: 72) groups idioms into ideational, interpersonal and relational

idioms.

1) Ideational idioms

Ideational idioms either signify message content, experiential

phenomena including the sensory, the affective, and the evaluative, or

 they characterize the nature of the message (Fernando 1996: 72). These

expressions may describe:

a) Actions (tear down, spill the beans)

b) Events (turning point)

c) People and things (a red herring)

d) Attributes (cut-and-dried)

e) Evaluations (a watched pot never boils)

f) Emotions (green with envy)

2) Interpersonal idioms

Interpersonal idioms on the other hand, ‗fulfill either an

interactional function or they characterize the nature of the message‘:

they can, for instance, initiate or keep up an interaction between people

and maintain politeness (Fernando 996: 73). These expressions

include:

a) Greetings and farewells (good morning)

b) Directives (let’s face it)

c) Agreements (say no more)

d) ―feelers‖ which elicit opinions (what do you think?)

e) Rejections (come off it)

3) Relational idioms

Halliday (1985: 74) distinguishes relational (or textual) idioms,

which ensure that discourse is cohesive and coherent. Examples of

relational idioms are on the contrary, in addition to and on the other

hand.
 Other classification of idioms are more detailed and complicated. For

the third, there is Makkai. According to Makkai (1972: page) as quoted by

Strӓssler (1982: 42), Makkai identifies two major types of idioms, they are:

1) Idioms of encoding (Identifiable)

Idioms of encoding are those idiosyncratic lexical combinations

that have transparent meanings. This type of idioms could be best

recognized through making a comparison between different languages

by the use of proper prepositions. Therefore, at is used instead of with

in the English expression drive at 70 mph (not drive with as in French).

2) Idioms of decoding (Non-Identifiable)

Idioms of decoding refer to those non-identifiable and

misleading lexical expressions whose interpretation could not be

figured out by using only independently learned linguistic conventions.

They include expressions like beat around the bush and fly off the

handle. This type of idioms could be classified into lexemic and

sememic. A lexemic idiom is idiom that consists of more than one

word but it‘s meaning is not the cumulative sum of the meanings of its

parts. Furthermore, this type of multiword structure functions as one

lexeme (e.g. give in = succumb and kick the bucket = die). While a

Sememic idiom is a multiple-word structure whose meaning is derived

from its constituent lexemes and it additionally has an unpredictable

sememic network or to paraphrase an unpredictable pragmatic

function. Example of Sememic idioms include sayings and proverbs

(e.g. don’t put all the eggs in one basket and no pain, no gain) and

familiar quotations (e.g. Brevity is the soul of wit). In his classification

of idioms, Makkai (1972: 135-165) still classifies the lexemic and

sememic idiom into various subcategories.

Makkai classifies lexemic idiom into six categories, they are:

a) Phrasal verbs: structures each consisting of a verb plus one or

two particles (e.g. come across and put up with).

b) Tournures: structures each made up of a verb plus at least two

lexons (e.g. take the bull by the horns and bite the bullet).

c) Irreversible binominals: structures each composed of two nouns

in a fixed order (e.g. friend or foe and safe and sound).

d) Phrasal compounds: compound nouns and adjectives (e.g.

stalemate and high-handed)

e) Incorporating verbs: compound verbs (e.g. eavesdrop and

brainwash).

f) Pseudo-idioms: compound words or phrases in which one of

the constituents is ―cranberry morph‖ or in which one or more

lexons are ―banned‖ (chit-chat and hangky-panky), where

―chit‖ and ―hangky‖ are two cranberry morphs, ones that have

no meaning by themselves.

Then, sememic idioms according to Makkai (1972: 166) is

included on eight subcategories, they are:

a) ―First base‖ idioms: expressions based on ―nationwide‖ cultural

institutions such as American baseball, football, etc. (e.g. step

up to the plate and hit a home run).

b) Idioms of institutionalized politeness: conventional polite

expressions (e.g. Could you please…? and Would you mind V-

ing).

c) Idioms of institutionalized detachment or indirectness:

conventional expressions indicating detachment or indirectness

(e.g. It seems that/to V…).

d) Idioms of proposal encoded as questions: conventional

expressions of making proposals (e.g. How about…?, Would

you like to…?).

e) Idioms of institutionalized greeting: conventional expressions

of greeting (e.g. How do you do?, So long, etc.).

f) Proverbial idioms with a ―moral‖: well-recognized proverbs in

a language (e.g. Don‘t count your chicken before they are

hatched and Birds of a feather flock together).

g) Familiar quotations as idioms: quotations from well-known

figures or sources (e.g. Brevity is the soul of wit [from

Shakespeare‘s Hamlet] and Ask not what your country can do

for you, ask what you can do for your country [from John F.

Kennedy‘s presidential inaugural address]).

h) Idiomaticity in institutionalized understatement: conventional

expressions of understatement to lesson the impact of a blunt

statement (e.g. I wasn‘t too crazy about it and It wasn‘t the

smartest move).
 For the last, there is Boatner and Gates. According to Boatner and

Gates (1975), idiom is divided into 4 types that are:

1) Lexemic idiom

Lexemic idiom is idiom which related with part of speech, such

as:

a) Verbal idiom (Verbal in Nature). Verbal idiom is idiom which

contains the meaning of verb. For example: Learn by heart, Die

away, Carry out.

b) Nominal idiom (Nominal in Nature). Nominal idiom is idiom

which contains the meaning of noun. For example: High heels,

Hot dog.

c) Adjective idiom. Adjective idiom is idiom which has the

meaning of adjective. For example: Lose heart, On edge, Sixes

and sevens.

d) Adverbial idiom. Adverbial idiom is idiom which has the

meaning of adverb. For example: On end, Over and over,

Better and better.

2) Phraseological idiom

Phraseological idiom or even called as turn of phrase. The

difference of this idiom with the other is in the sum of word which is

more than another idiom. For example: Dead to the world, Hang on

one’s lips, Wet behind the ear.

 3) Frozen idiom

Frozen idiom is idiom which has limited sum which can be

spoken or be written in various way without impair the meaning of

Idiom. The rigidity of this idiom is based on it‘s unique, that is this

idiom can be passive. For example: Kick the bucket .if this idiom is

passive it will form unacceptable idiom, for example: Bucket kicked by

the pilot.

4) Proverb.

Proverb is a piece of sentence which has been frozen on it‘s

form, meaning and function. For example: All roads lead to Rome,

Action speak louder than words, Make hay while sunshine.

In addition Palmer (1976:99) explains that what is and what is not an

idiom is, them, often a matter of degree. It is very difficult, moreover, to

decide whether a word or a sequence of words is opaque. We could, perhaps,

define idioms in term of nonequivalence in other languages, so that kick the

bucket, red herring, etc. are idioms since they can‘t be directly translated into

French or German.

In this research, the researcher uses the Makkai‘s classification of

idiom to collect the data. Makkai divides idioms into encoding and decoding

idioms. Makkai also classifies decoding idioms into lexemic and sememic

idioms. It is useful for language teachers and learners and also because it

includes a detailed systematic analysis of the various subcategories of each of

the two types of idioms.

3. Symbol

Symbol, seen from Saussurean perspective, is a kind of sign where the

relation between signifier and signified seem like arbitrary. The consequence of

it is the historical relation that affects our understanding. Saussure (1996: 68) in

Berger (2010: 27) explains that, the one of characteristics of symbol is that

symbol is never really arbitrary. This is because of the imperfection of relation

between signifier and signified. The symbol of judgment which is a scale cannot

be replaced by another symbol like vehicle (train), for example.

A godless with closed eyes holding a scale is more strengthen the symbol

of judgment because it strengthen the meaning of untaken sides and sameness

treatment which we associates with the justice. This representation is a

conventional symbol of justice in the sight of west Christian Jew‘s world.

Because of it, there is a logic relation between scale and concept of justice. By

seeing a picture of scale does not make someone thinks automatically about

justice. In this case, the context becomes very important.

A symbol, in people‘s perspective, is something which has signification

and resonation of culture. That symbol has capability to affect and has a deep

meaning. The followers of Saussure view the symbol conventionally. People

study about the explanation of symbol and associate it with all kind of event,

experience, etc. which most of them have emotional effect for us and the others.

Symbol of religion is always in the top of historical event, legends, etc. and has

a power to direct mind from the most of this material.

Another example of symbol is the red and white colors of the nation flag

of Indonesia as an Indonesian national pride symbol. The red color is given

meaning situational, conditional, and culturally by the Indonesian nation with a

dashing, bold and fiery spirit to achieve the noble ideals of the Indonesian

nation, which is a fair and prosperous society. In addition, the red color the

Indonesian flag symbolizes the spirit which is not easily extinguished, the

morale and spirit. Similarly, the white color, situational, conditionally, and

culturally given meaning pure, clean, noble, sublime, devotion, and loving.

The meaning of the color "red" in the flag is different from the meaning of

"red" in the flag a certain party, red light, red lips, red eyes, red face, red blood

or blood red, red pulp, the red zone, a red circle, and so on. Each "red" is

attributed to the words which are clung formed a special meaning which can be

understood when it is connected with a context, the context of the conversation,

or social-cultural context.

Thus the symbol can be interpreted as a sign of a meaningful dynamic,

special, subjective figuratively, and figure of speech. Pierce (1958) argues that

the symbol is part of the sign. Each symbol is a sign, but not every sign means

emblem. Sometimes the sign can be the whole symbol, which is in the language.

This is because language is a sign an arbitrary system so that each sign language

is a symbol. Specialized in poetry are the symbols of sounds, both vocal and

consonant sounds that imply a specific meaning. In a poem or a song are too

many connotative idioms that cannot be understood at the level of denotative

level language.

The use ofa sign in the form of a symbol is not limited to the level of

language but covers all areas of human life. In fact, it can be said that almost all

the signs that surround human life can be positioned as a symbol, it means to be

a media or a representation of the human will or have a special meaning,

individual, and subjective.

 In the literary works, whether poetry, fiction, and drama, there are various

symbols, such as the symbol of the color, the symbol of the object, the symbol

of sound, the symbol of the atmosphere, the symbol of the tone, and the symbol

of imaginative visualization generated from layout or typography face. Instead,

there is sign which is in the literary work is only useful to know the formal

aspect or form of its physical structure. The elements of fiction, such as plot,

characterization, setting, a point of view, style, and atmosphere can be

recognized from the understanding of the sign the structure of a fiction.

4. Semiotic

a. Definition of Semiotic

Semiotic is the science about symbols and also about codes to understand.

Semiotic is one imperialistic science, a science which can be implicated on

some various in the different field of life.

Semiotic becomes one of the studies which even become a tradition in

communication theory. Semiotic tradition is consist of a group of theory about

how the symbols interpret the thing, idea, condition, situation, feeling and

condition in out of the symbol itself.(Littlejohn, 2009: 53). Semiotic has a

purpose to know the meaning which is contained in a symbol or interpret the

meaning, so the way the communicator constructs a meaning that can be known.

This concept of interpreting is not far from the perspective or ideological values,

and cultural concept which has become the meadow of society thought where

the symbol is created. This construction of meaning which has been created then

becomes a base of ideology making on a symbol. As one of a study on cultural

studies, of course, semiotic observes the way culture become consideration base
and the meaning framer on a symbol. Semiotic studies about systems, rules,

conventions which allow symbols to have a meaning (Kriyantono, 2007: 261).

Beyond the most basic definition as ‗the study of signs', there is

considerable variation among leading semioticians as to what semiotics

involves.

Saussurein Rusmana(2014: 93) defines semiology as "A science that

studies the life of signs within society is conceivable, it would be a part of social

psychology and consequently of general psychology; I shall call it semiology

(from the Greek semeion 'sign'. Semiology would show what constitutes signs,

what laws govern them "(science that examines the signs in the community.

Semiology becomes a part of the psychology of social and thus, psychology

general; I named semiology [from Latin semeion "sign"]. Semiology would

show things that build up the signs, the laws that govern them). By implication,

the sign serves as a part of social life and the rules of social regulations.

Semiology Saussure developed the above fundamental theory of linguistic

general. The specificity of his theory lies in the fact that he considers language

as a system of signs. interest in de Saussure revolves around the issue of

language and structure used by humans for disclosure of the relationship

elements that make up the totality of the complex on the phenomenal included

language as signs, the subject was not considered important because only the

user, as well as questions about the history and changes. He concentrates on the

structure or set of elements in the system and a certain time (synchronous).

Pierce interpret semiotic as a study of signs and anything to do with it;

way of functioning of the (syntactic semiotic), relations with other signs

(semantic semiotic), as well as the sender and the recipient by those who use it
(pragmatic semiotic) (Zoest, 1996: 5-6). Therefore, according to Piercein

Rusmana(2014: 135), signs not only the authority of language and culture, but

can also be developed at all natural phenomena (pansemiotik). Pierce created a

semiotic order to better solve the problem of inference (logical thinking).

According to Pierce, the logic must learn how people make sense. According to

the theory hypothesis Pierce, reasoning underlying done through signs. Signs

allow human to relate to others and give meaning to the phenomena of nature.

Some literary experts, others have tried to define semiotic related in their

field. Specialized in the field of literature, according to A. Teeuw (1982: 42),

"Semiotics is the sign as an act of communication". In another book, A. Teeuw

enhance semiotic definition as literary models that account for all the factors

and aspects essential for understanding the literary phenomenon as a means of

communication that are typical in any society. Studying the literary semiotic

means that the learner also studying about the language which cannot be

separated on understanding the indication problem. This is because literature

has medium language may not be eliminated by the author. Therefore, Teeuw

(1983: 12) states that in assessing the semiotic literature, the first code that must

be mastered is the language code, in addition to having to know too literary

code and code culture. However, literature cannot separate and alienate

themselves from setting socio-historical-cultural.

Hartoko (1984: 42) provides limits semiotic as a way the work was

interpreted by observers and the public through signs or symbols. The

Luxemburg (1984: 48) states that the semiotic is a science that is systematically

studying the sign and symbol, system, and process figuratively. Zoest (1996: 5)

defines the semiotic as the study of signs and everything associated with it,
which means the functioning, its relationship with other signs, delivery, and

acceptance for those who use it.

A limit that can be considered perfect given Wiryaatmadja (1981: 4)

which defines the semiotic as a science that examines the life of the sign in a

broad sense in the community, either plain (literal) or figuratively (figurative),

both language and non-linguistic. This opinion is supported by Wellek (1956)

that includes image (image), metaphor (metaphor), symbol (symbol), and myth

(myths) into a semiotic coverage.

b. Educational Semiotics

Nowadays the importance of education has emerged hand in hand with the

complexity of the means of communication, the evolution of the labor market,

and the impacts of information technology on consumerism, yet there is an

overall lack of understanding about the goal of contemporary education. Dr.

Francois Victor Tochon, a professor in the Departments of Curriculum &

Instruction and French & Italian at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who

heads world Language Education for 6 yearshas written a book with the title

Educational Semiotics Signs and Symbols in Education. In his book discuss

about semiotic inquiry of this matter, deeply investigating how knowledge

transfer is possible only through the generation of meaning. Bankov in Tochon

(2013: 13)said that educational semiotics goes beyond the conventional

reflections on the optimization of learning, demonstrating the power and

capacity of applied semiotics to reveal the deep transformative nature of

education. Education itself is the most intensive process of semiosis.

Educational semiotic is intended for researchers, university faculty,

teacher educators, and graduate students in education, and more broadly for
anyone interested in how knowledge is broadened using semiotic inquiry for a

deeper understanding of educational processes.

Educational semiotic is applied semiotics in purpose. Semiotics is useful

in two respects: first, it can be crucial for a better grasp and exploration of

education practices, which may lead to better, deeper and more meaningful

practices; and for the second, it can inform deeper ways of researching

education as a field for which signs and sign processes are needed.

c. Figures of Semiotics

1) Ferdinand de Saussure

Ferdinand de Saussure was a Geneva native linguist. Saussure

became one of the figures that play a role in the study of semiotics.

The figure which well-known with the concept of semiotic signifier

(Marker) and the signified (signified) this has been introduced the

concept of semiotic studies that contribute most to the scholarly study.

2) Charles Sanders Pierce

Pierce's semiotic analysis consists of three important aspects so

often called a triangle or a triangle meaning of meaning (Littlejohn,

1998). The three aspects are:

a) Signs

In a study of semiotics, the sign is a key concept that is

used as an ingredient in the analysis where there are signs of

meaning as a form of interpretation of the message in question.

In simple term, a sign likely to form the visual or physical

conduct that was captured by humans.

b) Reference sign or object

 The object is the social context in implementation serve as

the aspect of meaning or referenced by the sign.

c) User Identity (Interpretant)

The concept of thinking of the people who use the sign and

lowered it to a particular meaning or meanings in someone's

mind about the object that is referenced mark. (Kriyantono,

2007: 263).

3) Roland Barthes

Barthes became a figure so synonymous with the study of

semiotics. Barthes‘s semiotic thought could be said of the most widely

used in research. Barthes‘s thinking concept of the semiotic is famous

with mythologies concept or myth. As the successor of the thought of

Saussure, Roland Barthes emphasizes the interaction between text with

personal and cultural experience of its users, the interaction between

the conventions in the text to the conventions experienced and

expected by users (Kriyantono, 2007: 268). Barthes thought that the

operational concept is known as the order of signification. In simple

terms, Barthes‘s semiotic study can be described as follows:

a) Denotation

Denotation is the real meaning, or a phenomenon that

appears to the senses, or it could be called a basic description.

An example is Coca-Cola is a fizzy drink produced by PT.

Coca-Cola Company, with a brownish color and red cans.

b) Connotations
 The connotation of cultural meanings that emerge or it

could be called a significance that arise because of cultural

construction, so there is a shift, but remain attached to the

symbol or the mark. An example is Coca-Cola is a drink that is

synonymous with modern culture, where Coca-Cola was one of

the modern products and tend capitalist. By consuming Coca-

Cola, an individual look modern and could be said to have

thought popular culture.

Two aspects of the study of Barthes above is the main study in

researching the semiotic. Then Barthes also includes aspects of the

myth, which is when aspects of the connotation of being the popular

thinking in society, the myth have been formed against the sign.

Barthes‘s thought is what is considered the most operationally so often

used in research. This research uses the semiotic theory of Roland

Barthes in analyzing the data which is idiomatic expression, especially

idiomatic expression contains symbol revealed on the dialogue spoken

by the characters of The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1

movie.

d. Semiotic model of Roland Barthes

Barthes is known as the structural brainware who is often practiced the

Saussurean linguistic and semiology model. He argued that language is a sign

system which reflects assumptions from given society in the current time.

Denotative system is the first-rate indication system, which consists of the chain

of signifier and signified, that is the materialistic relation of signifier or abstract

concept behind it. In connotative system or the second-rate indication system,

the chain of signifier and signified on denotative system becomes signifier and

be forth related to another on the higher indication chain. In the Barthes‘s

framework, connotative is identical with ideology campaign which is called as

myth, and it function to reveal and give the justificationfor dominant values

which is prevailed in the current period. In myth there is also three dimension

pattern of signifier, signified and sign, but as a unique system. Myth is

constructed for the indication chain which has been there before. In other words,

myth is a second-rate indication system. Roland Barthes apprehends ideology as

a fake awareness which makes people life in imaginer and ideal world, even the

reality isn‘t like that. There is no ideology without culture, and that‘s why

Roland Barthes said that connotative as a culture expression. According to

Sobur, culture brings itself into texts and by this way ideology creates itself

through various codes which seeps in the texts in form of important markers,

such as character, background, point of view, etc. (2009:71).

Roland Barthes‘s semiotic model discuses about the sense of sign by using

two stages of signification, thatare looking for denotative (implicit meaning)

and connotative meaning (eksplicit meaning).

1. Signifier 2. Signified

3. Denotative sign

4. Connotative signifier 5. Connotative

signified

6. Connotative sign

Figure 2.1 Roland Barthes’s sign map

 From Roland Barthes‘s sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. But in the same time denotative sign is also connotative

sign. In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘s concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

Discuss about denotative and connotative sign according Roland Barthes,

it‘s clear that there is difference between both of them. Generally, denotative is

the implicit meaning but according to Barthes denotative is the first-rate

signification system. In this case, denotative is associated with the reticence of

meaning and sensor or politician repression. In the Barthes‘s framework,

connotative is identic with ideological operational, it usually called as myth and

function to express and gives justification for dominant values which is valid in

the current period (Budiman, 2001:28 in Sobur, 2006:71).

5. Context

In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to

those objects or entities which surround a focal event, in these disciplines

typically a communicative event, of some kind. Context is "a frame that

surrounds the event and provides resources for its appropriate interpretation". It

is thus a relativistic concept, only definable with respect to some focal event,

not independently.

In Van Dijk‘s (2007, 283) terms, ―context obviously does matter. The

question thus is not whether context should be a part of a sound theory of

discourse and conversation, but rather how such contextual influence should be

accounted for, and how context should be analyzed‖.

The concept of context is not defined in a good, convenient manner; as

Teun Van Dijk (2007: 284) said, ―in the social sciences, there are thousands of

books that bear the notion of ‗context‘ in their titles, but there is not a single

monograph that theoretically deals with the notion of context, although there are

some collections of articles. This means that the notion is mostly used in a

rather intuitive, pre-theoretical sense, namely as some kind of social, cultural or

political environment for an event or action and more often as a condition than

as a consequence of such an event‖. The traditional linguistic view of context

was focused mainly on the verbal aspects; moreover, terms like

―understanding‖, ―interpretation‖ or ―intention‖ was used freely, without any

deep cognitive investigation. In other connected fields of inquiry (study of

literature, discourse analysis, communication studies or conversation analysis),

Van Dijk claims, the notion of context was used rather as an equivalent for

―social situation‖.
6. The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie directed by Francis

Lawrence

The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay – Part 1 is a 2014 American

science fiction adventure movie directed by Francis Lawrence with a screenplay

by Peter Craig and Danny Strong. It is the first of two movies based on Suzanne

Collins' novel Mockingjay, the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy, and the

third installment in The Hunger Gamesmovie series, produced by Nina

Jacobson and Jon Kilik and distributed by Lionsgate. The movie features an

ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam

Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Julianne Moore, Philip

Seymour Hoffman, Jeffrey Wright, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland.

This movie is a sequel of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire and it will be

continued by the release of The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 2. This

movie has been listed as the most anticipated movie in 2014 by Fandago.

Mockingjay – Part 1 was released on November 19, 2014, in Brazil,

November 20, 2014, in Malaysia, United Kingdom, Greece and Indonesia,

November 21, 2014, in the United States, November 28, 2014, in India, and

February 8, 2015, in China. Like its predecessors, the movie was a commercial

success grossing $55 million on its opening day, making it the largest opening

day of 2014 and the sixth-largest in November. The movie went to the No. 1

spot during its opening weekend with a $273.8 million worldwide gross,

becoming the biggest opening of 2014 and marking The Hunger Gamesmovie

series as the only franchise to have three movies earn over $100 million in a
weekend. The movie earned over $755 million worldwide, making it the second

highest-grossing entry in The Hunger Games series.

Part 1 received moderately positive reviews from critics, who

commended its acting and political subtext but received criticism for its lack of

action and for splitting the novel into two separate adaptations. It is the lowest-

rated The Hunger Gamesmovie of the franchise according to review aggregator

Rotten Tomatoes. The movie had garnered a nomination for Best Science

Fiction Movie at the 41st Saturn Awards. For her performance, Lawrence

received a nomination for Best Actress in an Action Movie at the 20th Critics'

Choice Awards and a Saturn Award nomination. The song "Yellow Flicker

Beat" also received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 72nd Golden

Globe Awards and Critics' Choice Awards.

7. Cross Cultural Understanding

Cross cultural understanding derived from three words that are cross,

cultural, and understanding, of the three words different meanings.

Understanding of the cross is cross-culture, the culture between both countries

that lasted through the mass media or through other means mutually influence

each culture. Culture is the ―glue‖ that binds a group of people together

(Douglas-Brown, 1994). Culture is an elusive construct constantly that shifts

over time and according to who is perceived and interpreted it (Harklau, 1999).

In classic, the culture is called culture which comes from the Latin word Colere,

the process or work. It can be also interpreted as to cultivate the land or farming.

The word ―culture‖ is also sometimes translated as ―budaya‖ in Indonesian.

Understanding Inter-Personal (Interpersonal understanding) is the desire to

understand others. It is the ability to listen and accurately understand the

thoughts, feelings, other people‘s problems that cannot be uttered or not fully

delivered. This competency measure complexity and depth of understanding of

other people, it is also including cross-cultural sensitivity. So, the definition of

cross-cultural understanding is: All human beings experience the same feeling

plus they travel to or live in a different country or culture (Obeg, 1998).

Whenever someone goes overseas, he is like a fish out of water (Manson, 2000).

Cross cultural understanding plays a significant role in communicating

with people from different countries. Language and culture are inseparable.

Therefore, when learners are learning a language, at the same time they should

learn the culture of the country and the people of where the language is from, in

order to avoid miscommunication and misunderstanding. Cross cultural

understanding simply refers to the basic ability of people to recognize, interpret,

and correctly react to people, incidences or situations that are open to

misunderstanding due to cultural differences.

Language is closely related to culture and can be said as a part of culture.

Sapir (1949: 4) said that language is a cultural or social product and must be

understood as such. From a dynamic view, language and culture interact with

each other and shape each other. Language is the carrier of culture which in turn

is the content of language. We can dig out cultural features from language and

language phenomena with culture.

Idiom as a special from of language exist in both of them and carry a large

amount of cultural information such as history, geography, religion, custom,

nationality psychology, thought pattern and etc., and also closely related to

culture. They are the heritage of history and in turn get better understanding of

idioms by learning the cultural background behind them.

Since vocabulary and culture are intertwined, speakers can gain more

vocabulary through idioms and conversely and they can learn more about

idioms from being exposed to the target culture. The more comprehensible input

there is, the more learners‘ listening, speaking, writing and reading skills will

improve.

There are certain things that happen in every culture and there are idioms

to deal with them.

a. In Norwegian and Czech, “walking around hot porridge” refers to beating

around the bush, which is also an idiom meaning not getting to the point.

b. If you are in Italy or Turkey and you say you are “as hungry as a wolf”

then you are starving.

c. In Finnish, “with long teeth” means you are doing something that you

really don‘t want to do.

d. In French, “to have long teeth” means you are ambitious.

If it is raining in large amounts, most cultures have an interesting way of

saying that:

a. In English, it would be “raining cats and dogs”,

b. In Africa, they might say “it's raining old women with clubs.”

Many languages refer to heavy rain as coming in buckets or as rain

coming out of a bucket.

a. In Norway they say “it's raining female trolls”;

b. The Irish say “it's throwing cobblers knives.”

All these examples cited above, prove the divisibility and variability of

phraseological units in a particular discourse situation – convincing

manifestations of their instability.

8. Implication of Semiotic Analysis on Idiomatic Expression to English Education

a. Definition of Implication

The definition of implication based on Cambridge dictionary is the effect

that an action or decision have on something else in the future. While according

to Ciputra University webpage, the definition of implicarion based on the

experts is the consecuence or the impact of result of research finding. Another

definition of implication based on the experts is a conclusion or a final result of

research finding. From all of those definitions of implication, it can be

concluded that the definition of implication is the consecuence of the result of

the research finding which has involmement in certain field.

b. Implication of Studying Idiomatic Expression

Idiomatic usage of language has become very common in English that it

can allow the learner to speak or write fluently by using idioms. Therefore, the

learning of idioms can be considered as an integral part of vocabulary learning.

Idioms can be added to the vocabulary being learned by including them in

dialogues and stories which are created to supplement regular materials (Nation,

2001).

Idioms are always something special about any language; they build up

some distinctive features which differ one language from another. What is more,

idioms reflect certain cultural traditions and depict the national character.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language which one can choose either

to use or to omit, but they form an essential part of the general vocabulary of

English. A description of how the vocabulary of the language is growing and

changing help to place idioms in perspective.

 Idioms appear in every language, and English has thousands of them.

They are often confusing because the meaning of the whole group of words

taken together has little, often nothing, to do with the meanings of the words

taken one by one.

In order to understand a language, students must know what the idioms in

that language mean. If we try to figure out the meaning of an idiom literally,

word by word, the students get befuddled. The students have to know its hidden

meaning. Because of idioms, learning a language can be complicated.

Idioms are figurative units, and they describe the situation in a metaphoric

way. They are often termed as ―dead‖ or ―fixed (stable)‖ metaphors because

many instances of realia used to denote have already ceased to exist, as a result,

the metaphoric character is lost to the modern speaker. Some linguists call them

―sleeping‖ metaphors rather than ―dead‖: there are speakers who are very good

at ―waking them up‖. Educated people, students of language often play upon

these idioms and make them serve their purposes. Thus, the metaphor

underlying an idiom is ―brought to life‖ and gains its new colors. In Russian

linguistics the semantic configuration of an idiom is termed ―deformation‖

(Izotova, 1988).

Idiomatic expressions pervade English with a peculiar flavor and give it

astounding variety, bright character and color. They help language learners

understand English culture, penetrate into customs and lifestyle of the English

people, and gain a deeper insight into the English history.

However, learning idioms presents a host of difficulties to English

learners, primarily because they don‘t know the culture and history behind

English idioms. That is why they often use idioms incongruous with the
 situation. Indeed, English learners utilize idiomatic expressions very carefully,

being afraid of using them incorrectly and being misunderstood. According to

Cooper (1999), idiom study presents a special language problem for all

language learners because the figurative meaning is unpredictable.

To conclude,it may state that the sheer number of idioms and their high

frequency in discourse make them an important aspect of vocabulary acquisition

and language learning in general. One of the approaches to defining this

linguistic phenomenon stresses that an idiom is a manner of speaking that is

natural to native speakers of the language. It proves that only people who are

very good at speaking English can adequately and to the point use idiomatic

expressions in their speech. English is a language with a vast idiomatic basis,

which makes its learning very exciting and intriguing. Therefore, grasping the

use of idioms is an essential part of learning English.

c. Implication of Semiotic Analysis

In the process of language learning, the students areexpected to be able to

master the four language skills, that are speaking, reading, listening and writing.

In this era, information can be gotten from print media, electronic media or even

internet. Information which is gotten is not only in Indonesian language but also

in foreign language such as English language. According to Desmons (2005:

49), the understanding of text in foreign language sues the reader to not only

have one linguistic competence, but also have to have competence in

interpreting culture and reference topic.

Related to the interpreting of culture and reference topic, there is a

semiotic science. Semiotics as the study of signs has been an area of interest to

linguists and educationalists. The application of the semiotic approach to

education has recently gained significant interests and it emerges as a new field

of study called educational semiotics. Stables and Gough (2006: 274) state:

―It is important to note that the semiotic perspective argued for here is not

merely an application to educational theory of the work regularly done by

semioticians. It is rather a theory of learning and choice grounded in a view of

living as semiosis.‖

Erton (2006: 75) assures the importance of educational semiotics:

―Semiotics is a very influential and essential field of study, because by

making use of signs the learners are able to achieve a lot of information on

various fields such as, literature, art, architecture, psychology, anthropology,

philosophy, etc.‖

This is ascribable to the importance of teaching foreign languages and

target culture. The importance of using semiotic signs in education is due to the

fact that culture and society play an essential role in defining the learning

environment. The culture is intermingled with social signs and social codes.

Signs have different meanings in different cultural contexts. Lemke (1990: 184)

remarks that "social semiotics is a theory of how people make meaning in social

contexts." Accordingly, foreign language learning is considered as a product of

the foreign culture. In ELT classes, the teacher may resort to imitative gestures,

pictures and visualized materials associated with the target culture which is part

of a foreign language. This will help students draw an analogy between their

native culture and the target culture and this would facilitate learning the foreign

language as it helps highlight areas of difficulty in language learning.

One of the objectives of educational semiotics is that the teacher should

have knowledge of these signs and develop the materials and techniques for the
teaching atmosphere. The teacher has to visualize the learning materials

according to the principles of educational semiotics and to the relations between

signs. The results may become promising and lead to effective learning. Using

signs in the classroom gives learners a lot of information about different fields.

The use of semiotic elements (visual material) like flashcards and wall pictures

helps the learners contextualize the meaning of the vocabulary within their

minds and facilitates the learning process by passing information to the long-

term memory. Facial expressions reveal the attitude of the teacher which can

also be used effectively in teaching. For example, a smile can communicate the

acceptance of the learner‘s answer or it can be used as a stimulus or a reward to

the learners. Raised eyebrow means disagreement and gives hints for the learner

to change or modify his answer, as noted above.

The curriculum is also influenced by the semiotic approach. Books,

flashcards and wall pictures ought to contain a set of symbols which can be

useful in the affective domain of learning. Erton (2006: 85) states that, ―the

cassette signs indicate the time of a listening activity, a smiling face indicates

the success of the activity, the tick and the cross sign refer to a true/false activity

and different colors in a textbook might represent different sections of language

study: speaking, reading, listening, etc.‖

The teacher may also uses such semiotic symbols as a part of his

techniques in teaching foreign languages because the use of signs and symbols

by the teachers and learners is an effective and influential technique in teaching

foreign languages. Erton(2006: 74) asserts that, ―since semiotics is the

combination of signs and symbols to communicate information, the student, and

the teacher can make use of a number of signs, some of which are iconic and
 some are symbols. Thus, it can be said semiotics is a fundamental issue to be

considered in language teaching pedagogy.‖

Semiotics can be used to facilitate teaching new vocabulary. The teacher

can accompany the educational sign like a no-smoking sign by a sentence or a

phrase so that the learners will recall them easily. Sert (2006: 109) states ―while

teaching new vocabulary, if new words are reinforced with relevant pictures, the

result will be the long-term coding of this target language item.‖ Today‘s

textbook and teaching material teem with colorful pictures aimed at creating a

make-shift learning atmosphere and often creating a real-life learning setting.

The contribution of semiotics to education has been tackled. In order to

maximize the efficiency of foreign language teaching, the teacher should

acquaint the students with the semiotic signs to facilitate learning. The

importance of using semiotics in education can be attributed to the fact that

culture and society play an effective role in the learning environment as many

scholars and researchers in this field have stressed.

From some explanations above, it can be concluded that the iimplication

of ssemioticanalysis on iidiomatic eexpression to English education is to

increase students‘cultural awareness in studying foreign language.

B. Previous Related Research

In doing this research, the researcher found that there are some previous

researches that related with this research. The first is the thesis from English

teaching department of Muria Kudus University entitled An Analysis of Idiom in

the Script ―The Expendable” Movie directed by Silvester Stallone written by

Amir Yahya (2013). This research is qualitative research which discuss about
the analysis of the types and meanings of the idiom in the script of The

Expendable movie. The types of idioms in this research were categorized into

Neutral, Formal, Colloquial, and Slang, while the meanings of idioms were

categorized into Lexical and Idiomatic. The result of this research found that

there are four types of idioms used in the script of The Expendable movie which

are Neutral (17), Formal (1), Colloquial (7), and Slang (26). Then the meanings

of them were translated into lexical and idiomatic meaning. From the result of

that research, the researcher suggested that the students of English Education

Department should learn about idiom as good as possible not only from

magazines, television but also literary work, such as movie because there are

many idioms in the movie dialogue.

Besides of some of thesis, there are also some article journals that have

related discussion with this research. The first article journal is thearticle journal

entitled Incorporating Semiotic Communication into EFL Reading Classes

written by Necat Kumral. The aim of this article is to present the Semiotic

Approach to reading literary texts in EFL classes, and demonstrate how to

implement it in the classroom setting to teach the target language. The semiotic

approach here is a unified comprehensive approach based on three reading

activities: reading within the text for the ‗sense‘, reading upon the text for the

‗value‘ and reading against the text for the ‗critique‘. From the discussion of the

article, there concluded that pedagogical effectiveness of language study can be

improved through a literary work of art by helping the learner increase the depth

of experience, and a learner can improve his/her linguistic performance through

communicative activities based on the methodology of semiotic reading, a

traditional, highly effective approach to the study of literature in EFL classes.

 The second is the article journal of Bima Darma University entitled

Idiomatic Expression used in Westlife’s Songs by Atika Puspasari, this journal

has similarity with this research on the analysis of idiomatic expression on a

literary work. In this journal the idiomatic expression found on a song is

classified based on Seild and Mc Mordie‘s theory into six types of idioms, they

are sentences idiom, phrasal verb, and adjective noun idiom, idiom with words /

special category, verbal idiom and identical phrase. While the research that the

researcher does is analyses the data taken from a movie by classifying the idiom

based on Makkai‘s classification of idiom and this research using semiotic

approach to analyze the meaning of idiomatic expressions that contain symbol.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

―Research design is the matter of thinking, imagining, and thinking more some

more‖ (Leedey, 1980: 96). It means that research design is a place to put and devote

all of the researcher‘s opinion and thought. In the research design, the researcher

exposed the design of the research involving of the thinking process of this study.

In this research, the researcher used a qualitative research in the type of content

analysis using descriptive method of the study to help analyzing the data that she

makes. Budd and Thorpe via Zuchdi (1993: 1) stated that content analysis is a

systematic technique to analyze the meaning, message, and the way to express the

message.

The focus here is on deeper meanings of messages. The technique aims at deep

structures, latent meanings, and the signifying process through signs, codes, and

binary oppositions. Interpretations are theoretically informed, and assertions are made

on central themes in culture and society. Rhetorical or narrative analysis can be

preliminary to this process. The assumption is that the researcher is a competent

member of the culture.

Related with this research, the researcher analyzes the types of idiomatic

expressions andthe meaning of the symbol contained on the idiomatic expression

revealed in The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie with purpose to deepen

the understanding about the content of the movie. Every symbol contained on

idiomatic expressionsfound in the dialogue spoken by the characters of The

Mockingjay part 1 Movie is analyzed using semiotic theory of Barthes that resulted
 the denotative and connotative meaningof the symbols contained in the idiomatic

expressions revealed in The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie.

B. Data and Source of Data

Data are information of fact collected to solve the problems. Data are facts

collected for examination and consideration and used to help decision-making

(Cambridge Advanced Learners' Dictionary, 2005: 314). Data can be in form word,

phrase, or sentence. The primary data of this research are idiomatic expressions which

revealed in the dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger Games: The

Mockingjay part 1movie and the secondary data of this research are idiomatic

expressions which revealed in this movie. The source of the data is The Hunger

Games: The Mockingjaypart 1 movie.

C. Technique of Collecting Data

According to Juliansyah Noor (2011: 138), technique of collecting data is the

way of collecting the necessary data to answer research problem.

In this research, the researcher uses document study as the technique of

collecting data which are the idiomatic expressions revealed on the dialogue spoken

by the characters of The Mockingjay part 1 movie. Document is a past event note.

Document can be in form of note, picture, or another monumental art of someone.

Document in form of note seems like daily notes, life histories, story, biography,

rules, and policy. Document in form of picture seems like photo, life picture, sketch,

etc. Document in form of art seems like picture, sculpture, film, etc. Sugiyono stated

that document study is a complement for the user of observation and interview

method on qualitative (2013:240).

 In this document study, the researcher is the main instrument to collect the data

which are idiomatic expressions revealed on the dialogue spoken by the character of

The Mockingjay Part 1 movie,

Besides of using document study, the researcher also uses interview to collect

data about the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression in movie to

English language skills. Interview is the companionship of two persons to change the

information and ideas by questioning, so it can be constructed the meaning on the

certain topic. Esterberg on Sugiyono (2013: 231). While, Setyadinas quoted by

Gunawan (2013: 160) stated that interview is a conversation which is directed on

certain problem and it is an oral questioning process where two person or more be

faced with physically. Interview is divided into structured interview and unstructured

interview.

1. Structured interview means that the researcher has known exactly the

information that she/he want to be taken from the respondent, so the question

list have been made systematically. The researcher also can use another

instrument like recorder tape, camera, and another material which can help

the fluency of interview.

2. Unstructured interview is a free interview, that is the researcher does not use

an orientation of interview that contains the questions which areasked

specifically, and only lade the important point of the problem which wants to

be taken from the respondent.

The interview which is done in the process of collecting data in this research is

the structured interview, the researcher have made a question list which is asked to the

respondent. The interview is done toward some lecturer of English teaching

 department of IAIN Surakarta. It is used to collect the data related with the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression on the movie.

D. Technique of Analyzing Data

Depending on the basic philosophical approach of the qualitative researcher,

many methods exist for analyzing data. Miles and Huberman (1994: 10) state that

qualitative data analysis consists of "three concurrent flows of activity: data reduction,

data display, and conclusion drawing/verification".

1. Data Reduction

Data reduction has meaning a summary, choosing the important things,

search theme and eliminate the not important things. Data was reduced to

give clear picture and to make the researcher easier to collect the next data.

2. Data Display

Data display is information that arranges and presented the analyzed

data in order to give an effort to draw a conclusion. Data presentations are

checked to make sure in order to the result of data arranged in the relation

rule so, the data can be understood clearly.

3. Drawing conclusion

The last step is drawing conclusion. This is the result of the research

that describes the whole result of the analyzing data.

Based on that theory, in answering the problem statement in number 1 and 2, the

researcher takes some steps, such as:

Firstly, the researcher collects the data in form of dialogues of The Hunger

Games: The Mockingjay part 1 movie containing idiomatic expression according to

 Makkai‘s classification of idiom then the researcher reduces the data taken from the

movie by categorizing which dialogue is idiomatic expression containing symbol.

Secondly, the researcher displays the data by describing the data which are

idiomatic expressions and why it is categorized as idiomatic expression according to

Makkai‘s classification of idiom and also idiomatic expressions containing symbol

revealed in the dialogue spoken by the characters of the movie.

Thirdly, the researcher tries to drawing conclusion by analyzing the data which

is idiomatic expression containing symbol revealed in the dialogue spoken by the

characters of the movie using semiotic approach. The data is analyzed by using

semiotic theory by Roland Barthes which focuses on analyzing the denotative and

connotative meaning of the symbol.

Then, in answering the problem statement in number 3, the researcher takes

some steps, such as:

Firstly, the researcher collects the data in form of the lectures‘ judgment about

the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in the movie

through structured interview toward some lecturers of English teaching department in

IAIN Surakarta.

Secondly, the researcher displays the data by describing the data which are the

lectures‘ judgment about the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression

found in the movie.

Thirdly, the researcher tries to drawing conclusion by analyzing the data which

is the lectures‘ judgment about the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic

expression found in the movie.

E. Trustworthiness of Data
 In this research, the researcher uses triangulation to get the data validity. Sutopo

(2002: 75) states that triangulation is a technique to check the validation of the data

which employs other thing. There are four kinds of triangulation technique in

research, they are: investigation triangulation, methodological triangulation, the data

triangulation, and the theoretical triangulation (Patton in Sutopo, 2002: 77). In this

research, the researcher uses the type of data triangulation technique. The researcher

uses two sources to get the data, as follows:

1. The researcher used document to validity the data, the document is the movie

script of The Mockingjay part 1 movie and then the researcher analyzes it.

2. The researcher checked the validity of the data by seeing the Cambridge

advance learner‘s dictionary and other idiom dictionaries, such as Free

Dictionaries and Cutting Edge book.

Then, to avoid individual bias on the researcher, the researcher also uses peer

debriefing or also called as analytic triangulation. It is the process whereby a

researcher calls upon a disinterested peer (a peer who is not involved in the research

project) to aid in probing the researcher‘s thinking around all or parts of the research

process.

Besides of that, this research also use expert-judgment which is the researcher

tries to discuss the result of analysis with the expert of this field that is Miss Ikke

Dewi Pratama, S.S, M.Hum who is the lecturer of English teaching especially in

translation and interpreting subject and she has a background study in teaching and

linguistic field. It is done to avoid subjectivities so it can be reached the like-minded

reliabilities.
 CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

B. Research Findings

The first point presents the research findings which are the idiomatic

expressions that are found in the dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger

Games: The Mockingjay Part 1 movie and the second point presents the semiotic

analysis of the symbol contained in the idiomatic expressions using Roland Barthes‘

semiotic theory of denotative and connotative meaning, the data in this part is

displayed in the form of table and short explanation. While the third point presents

about the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions found in The

Hunger Games: The Mockingjay Part 1 movie to English language skills, the data in

this part is displayed in the form of narration.

1) Idiomatic expression revealed on the dialogue spoken by the characters of The

Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie

The data which are the idiomatic expressions revealed on the dialogue spoken

by the characters of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 movie were displayed on

the table that can be seen in the appendix 1.

There are found some idiomatic expressions based on Makkai‘s classification of

idiom. Makkai classifies idioms into Lexemic and Sememic idioms. In his

classification of idioms, Makkai (1972: 135-165) still classifies the lexemic and

sememic idiom into various subcategories.

There are found some idioms in the subcategories of lexemic categories, that

are:

 Phrasal verb
 There are found 6 idioms in Phrasal verb, for example:

Table 4.1 The analysis of Phrasal verbs idiom

Dialogue using Idiomatic Kinds of Meaning
idiomatic expression expression idiomatic
expression
00:07:44,560 --> Show up Phrasal verb agreed
00:08:34,649

Alma Coin: This is not

the girl you described.
Plutrach: Obviously, we
need to make it personal.
Remind her who the real
enemy is.
Alma Coin: She knows
who the enemy is.
That's not the issue.
Plutrach: Unless she's
forgotten.
There's explaining and
there's showing.
Let her see what the
Capitol did to 12.
Alma Coin: She can't
handle it.
The Games destroyed
her.
Plutrach: This is the
only choice you have.
People don't always
show up the way
you want them to,
Madam President.
But that anger, that
anger-driven defiance,
that's what we want.
 And we can redirect it.
We need to unite these
people out there
that have been doing
nothing but killing
each other in an arena for
years.
We have to have a
lightning rod.
They'll follow her.
She's the face of the
revolution.
Let her see it. Let her go
home.

In this dialogue, there is found idiomatic expression ―Show up‖ which

is included on idiom of phrasal verb subcategories. According to Makkai,

phrasal verbs are idioms which structured by a verb plus one or two particles.

―Show‖ is the verb that structured this idiomatic expression and ―up‖ is a

particle that follows the verb ―show‖ in this idiomatic expression.

This idiomatic expression ―show up‖ can be seen in the dialogue

between Katniss and District 13‘s guard. This idiomatic expression appears

when Plutrach wants to persuade President Alma Coin who has a doubt on

Katniss Everdeen for being the Mockingjay. From the context of those

dialogues, the meaning of this idiom is ―agreed with something‖. The meaning

of this idiomatic expression is also based on Idiom dictionary.

 Phrasal compound

There are found 13 idioms in Phrasal compound, for example:

 Table 4.2 The analysis of Phrasal compound idioms
Dialogue using idiomatic Idiomatic Kinds of Meaning
expression expression idiomatic
expression
00:15:52,320 --> The dark days Phrasal compound The dull time
00:16:17,401

President Snow:
Otherwise we're breaking
my oldest rule.
Never let them see you
bleed.
Citizens,
tonight I address all of
Panem as one.
Since the Dark Days,
Panem has had an
unprecedented era of
peace …

In this dialogue, there is found ―The Dark Days‖ which is included on

idiom of phrasal compound subcategories. According to Makkai, Phrasal

compounds are structured by compound nouns and adjectives.

―Dark‖ is the adjective that structured this idiomatic expression and

―days‖ is a noun of this idiomatic expression.

This idiomatic expression ―the dark days‖ can be seen in the dialogue

of President Snow‘s speech about the prohibition of the use of all images of

Mockingjay to all of the Panem in Capitol. This idiomatic expression appears

when President Snow delivers his speech. From the context of those dialogues,

the meaning of this idiom is ―the dull time‖. The meaning of this idiomatic

expression is also based on Idiom Dictionary.

  Tournures

There are found 8 idioms in Tournures, for example:

Table 4.3 The analysis of Tournures idioms

Dialogue using idiomatic Idiomatic Kinds of Meaning
expression expression idiomatic
expression
00:06:33,440 --> stoke the fire Tournures Ignite the
00:07:22,851 of rebellion enthusiasm of
rebellion
Plutrach: Katniss, here's
what we need to do.
We need to show them that
The Mockingjay's alive
and well
and willing to stand up
and join this fight.
'Cause we need every
district
to stand up to this Capitol.
The way you did.
So we're gonna shoot
a series of propaganda
clips,
propos, I like to call them,
on The Mockingjay.
Spreads the word
that we're gonna stoke
the fire of this rebellion.
The fire that The
Mockingjay started.
Katniss: You left him
there.
You left Peeta in that arena
to die.
Plutrach:Katniss, there
 are so many...
Katniss:Peeta was the one
who was supposed to live.
Alma Coin: Miss
Everdeen.
This revolution is about
everyone.
It's about all of us.
And we need a voice.

In this dialogue, there is found ―have our eyes on you‖ which is

included on idiom of phrasal compound subcategories. This idiom is made up

by two lexons that are ―have our eyes‖ which is verb phrase and ―on you‖

which is adverb. The idiom ―have eyes on‖ which means ―to watch or to

monitor‖ is said by Gale who wants to watch Katniss from the air when

Katniss goes to see district 12 alone after it has been destroyed by Capitol.

There is also found idiom in the subcategories of sememic categories, that is:

a. Proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖

There is found 1 idiom in proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖, for example:

 Table 4.4 The analysis of Proverbial idiom with a “moral”
Dialogue using idiomatic Idiomatic Kinds of Meaning
expression
expression idiomatic

expression

00:27:04,200 --> We‘re losing Proverbial We lose

00:28:00,003
ground, because idiom with a because of

Katniss: The Victors will the people are ―moral‖ there is no

be granted immunity.
losing heart. one who is
And you will announce
that dependable
in front of the entire
population of 13.
You will hold yourself
and your government
responsible
or you will find another
Mockingjay.
Plutrach: That's it. That's
her. Right there.
Isn't that who I promised
you?
She wears the costume.
Gunfire in the background.
A hint of smoke.
Our Mockingjay.
Madam President, we're
losing ground,
because the people are
losing heart.
This is worth the risk.
She's worth the risk.
Pardons, tribunals. Power
of the people.
It can all be the bedrock
 of the new Panem, but,
in wartime I think even the
noblest of
causes can be bent a little
bit. Right?
Alma Coin: Do you have
any other conditions?
Katniss: My sister gets to
keep her cat.

In this dialogue, there is found ―we're losing ground, because the people

are losing heart‖ which is included on proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖

subcategories. This idiom is a well-known proverb containing a moral

message. This idiom is said by Plutrach when he convinced Alma Coin to

fulfill Katniss‘ conditions in order to Katniss want to be their Mockingjay.

The more detail discussion about the data which are the idiomatic expressions in

The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 movie is discussed in discussion part in this

chapter.

2) The meaning of symbol contained in the idiomatic expression revealed on the

dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1

Movie

From the result of analyzing data on the table in appendix 1, it can be seen that

there are found 24 idiomatic expressions containing language symbols from the 28

idiomatic expressions that were classified based on Makkai‘s theory. The language

symbols which are found in those idiomatic expressions are:

 Fire
 There are three idioms containing language symbol ―fire‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―fire‖ is filled with enthusiasm or excitement

(Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary, 2006). It can be seen from the

idiomatic expression ―girl on fire‖ where revealed on the dialogue between

Plutrach and Alma Coin at the minute 00:05:00,400 until 00:05:19,088.

Plutrach : There she is. Our Girl on Fire.

Madam President, may I present you with The Mockingjay.

Alma Coin : What an honour it is to meet you.

You're a courageous young woman.

I know how disorienting this must be. And I can't imagine

what it's like to live through the atrocities of those Games.

The idiomatic expression ―girl on fire‖ revealed on that dialogue is included

on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression

is ―a woman with high enthusiasm‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―fire‖ in the idiomatic expression ―girl

on fire‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as ignite or ablaze and connotative

meaning as filled with enthusiasm or excitement (Kernerman English

Multilingual Dictionary, 2006).

Then, the meaning of second symbol ―fire‖ is Enthusiasm or excitement

(Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary, 2006). It can be seen from the

idiomatic expression ―stoke the fire of rebellion‖ where revealed on the dialogue

between Plutrach and Katniss at the minute 00:06:33,440 until 00:07:22,851.

Plutrach : Katniss, here's what we need to do.

 We need to show them that The Mockingjay's alive and well

and willing to stand up and join this fight. 'Cause we need

every district to stand up to this Capitol. The way you did. So

we're gonna shoot

a series of propaganda clips, propos, I like to call them, on

The Mockingjay. Spreads the word that we're gonna stoke

the fire of this rebellion. The fire that The Mockingjay

started.

Katniss :You left him there. You left Peeta in

that arena to die.

Plutrach :Katniss, there are so many...

Katniss :Peeta was the one who was supposed

to live.

Alma Coin :Miss Everdeen.

This revolution is about everyone. It's about all of us. And we

need a voice.

The idiomatic expression ―stoke the fire of rebellion‖ revealed on that

dialogue is included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―ignite the enthusiasm of rebellion‖ (Kernerman English

Multilingual Dictionary).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―fire‖ in the idiomatic expression

―stoke the fire of rebellion‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as something

burning and connotative meaning as enthusiasm or excitement (Kernerman

English Multilingual Dictionary, 2006).

 While, the meaning of third symbol ―fire‖ is ―the act of firing weapons or

artillery at an enemy‖ (WordNet 3.0, 2003). It can be seen from the idiomatic

expression ―fire is catching‖ where revealed on the dialogue between Cressida

and Katniss at the minute 00:50:55,640 until 00:52:13,771.

Cressida :Katniss? Katniss, can you tell everyone what you're seeing

right now? Katniss, what do you wanna say?

Katniss :I want the rebels to know that I'm alive. That I'm in District 8

where the Capitol just bombed a hospital filled with unarmed

men, women and children. And there will be no survivors.

If you think for one second that the Capitol will ever treat us

fairly you are lying to yourselves. Because we know who they

are and what they do.

This is what they do! And we must fight back. I have a

message for President Snow. You can torture us and bomb us

and burn our districts to the ground. But do you see that? Fire

is catching. And if we burn, you burn with us!

The idiomatic expression ―fire is catching‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression

is ―the war is declared‖ (Random House Kernerman Webster‘s Collage

Dictionary, 2010).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―fire‖ in the idiomatic expression ―fire

is catching‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as something burning and

connotative meaning as the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

(WordNet 3.0, 2003).

 The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―fire‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Lightning rod

There is idiom containing language symbol ―lightning rod‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―lightning rod‖ is ―one that attracts criticism, often in

such a way that criticism is diverted from something else/someone who takes all

the blame for a situation, although other people are responsible too‖ (American

Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―a lightning rod‖

where revealed on the dialogue between Plutrach and Katniss at the minute

00:07:52,520 until 00:08:34,649.

Alma Coin :She knows who the enemy is.

That's not the issue.

Plutrach :Unless she's forgotten. There's explaining and there's

showing. Let her see what the Capitol did to 12.

Alma Coin :She can't handle it. The Games

destroyed her.

Plutrach :This is the only choice you have.

People don't always show up the way

you want them to, Madam President.

But that anger, that anger-driven defiance, that's what we

want.

And we can redirect it. We need to unite these people out

there that have been doing nothing but killing

each other in an arena for years.

We have to have a lightning rod.

 They'll follow her. She's the face of the revolution. Let her

see it. Let her go home.

The idiomatic expression ―a lightning rod‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―someone who takes all the blame for a situation, although other

people are responsible too‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―lightning rod‖ in the idiomatic

expression ―a lightning rod‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as a grounded

metal rod placed high on a structure to prevent damage by conducting lightning

to the ground and connotative meaning as One that attracts criticism, often in

such a way that criticism is diverted from something else/someone who takes all

the blame for a situation, although other people are responsible too (American

Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―lightning

rod‖ in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Eyes

There are two idioms containing language symbol ―eyes‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―eyes‖ is ―to watch/ to monitor‖ (American

Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―have our eyes on

you‖ where revealed on the dialogue between Gale and Katniss at the minute

00:10:12,200 until 00:10:28,808.

Gale :13 swept everything, top to bottom

so you'd be safe. You sure you don't

want me to go with you?

 Katniss : Yeah. I'm sure.

Gale : We'll have our eyes on you from

above.

The idiomatic expression ―have our eyes on you‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression

is ―to watch/to monitor‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―eyes‖ in the idiomatic expression

―have our eyes on you‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as an organ of sight

and connotative meaning as to watch/ to monitor (American Heritage, 2016).

While, the meaning of second symbol ―eyes‖ is ―full attentive‖ (WordNet

3.0, 2003). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―be tattooed on their

eyes‖ where revealed on the dialogue between Gale and Cressida at the minute

00:47:46,800 until 00:47:53,402.

Gale :Your mom's gonna be proud of you

when she sees the footage.

Will this play in the districts?

Cressida :It'll be tattooed on their eyes.

The idiomatic expression ―be tattooed on their eyes‖ revealed on that

dialogue is included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―make them feel touched‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―eyes‖ in the idiomatic expression ―be

tattooed on their eyes‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as an organ of sight

and connotative meaning as full attentive (American Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―eyes‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Dark

There are two idioms containing language symbol ―dark‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―dark‖ is ―the dull time‖ (American Heritage,

2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―the dark days‖ where

revealed on the dialogue spoken by President Snow at the minute 00:15:52,320

until 00:16:17,401.

President Snow :Otherwise we're breaking my

oldest rule. Never let them see you bleed. Citizens,

tonight I address all of Panem as one. Since the Dark

Days, Panem has had an unprecedented era of peace …

The idiomatic expression ―the dark days‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression

is ―the dull time‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―dark‖ in the idiomatic expression ―the

dark days‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as days without any light and

connotative meaning as the dull time (American Heritage, 2016).

While, the meaning of second symbol ―dark‖ is ―in a state of ignorance‖

(Collins English Dictionary, 2014). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression

―they are in the dark‖ where revealed on the dialogue between Caesar Flickerman

and Peeta at the minute 00:20:09,360 until 00:20:32,971.

Caesar Flickerman :Peeta, a lot of people

feel as though they are in the dark.

Peeta :Yeah, I know how they feel.

Caesar Flickerman :Now, so set the stage for us.

 Talk us through what really happened on that final and

controversial night.

Peeta :Well, first off, you have to

Understand that when you're in the Games you only

get one wish. It's very costly.

The idiomatic expression ―they are in the dark‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―a lot of people feel in the state of ignorance‖ (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―dark‖ in the idiomatic expression

―they are in the dark‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as lacking or having

very little light and connotative meaning as in a state of ignorance (Collins

English Dictionary, 2014).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―dark‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Beating heart

There is idiom containing language symbol ―beating heart‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―beating heart‖ is ―vital unifying force‖ (American

Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―the beating heart

of Panem‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by President Snow at the

minute 00:16:44,200 until 00:17:11,080.

President Snow :It is a contract.

Each district supplies the Capitol. Like blood to a

heart. In return, the Capitol provides order and

security. To refuse work is to put the entire system in

danger. The Capitol is the beating heart of Panem.

Nothing can survive without a heart …

The idiomatic expression ―the beating heart of Panem‖ revealed on that

dialogue is included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this

idiomatic expression is ―the vital unifying force of the Panem‖ (American

Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―beating heart‖ in the idiomatic

expression ―the beating heart of Panem‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as

the general nature of heart‘s contraction and connotative meaning as vital

unifying force (American Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―beating

heart‖ in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 A little light
 There is idiom containing language symbol ―a little light‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―a little light‖ is ―explanation‖ (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―to shed a little

light on the subject‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by Caesar

Flickerman at the minute 00:19:36,480 until 00:20:24,601.

Caesar Flickerman :Hello. Good evening.

And a big welcome to all in Panem.

I'm Caesar Flickerman. And whoever you are,

whatever it is you're doing, if you're working, put

down your work. If you're having dinner, stop having

dinner. Because you are going to want to witness this

tonight. There has been rampant speculation about

what really happened in the Quarter Quell. And here to

shed a little light on the subject for us is a very

special guest. Please welcome Mr. Peeta Mellark.

Peeta, a lot of people feel as though they are in the

dark.

Peeta :Yeah, I know how they feel.

Caesar Flickerman :Now, so set the stage for us.

Talk us through what really happened on that final and

controversial night.

The idiomatic expression ―to shed a little light on the subject‖ revealed on

that dialogue is included on tornures type of idiom and the meaning of this
 idiomatic expression is ―giving some explanation about the thing really happen‖

(Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―a little light‖ in the idiomatic

expression ―to shed a little light on the subject‖, this symbol has denotative

meaning as a minor light and connotative meaning as explanation (Collins

English Dictionary, 2014).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―a little

light‖ in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Come

There is idiom containing language symbol ―come‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―come‖ is ―suggest‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―come up with‖ where revealed on

the dialogue between Commander Paylor and Bogss at the minute 00:43:43,680

until 00:44:20,081.

Commander Paylor :Well, we've got plenty of

those. We have a mass grave a few blocks west, but, I

can't spare the manpower to move them yet. Hospital's

past that curtain. Any hope you can give them, it's

worth it. The Capitol's done everything they can to

break us.

Bogss :Aren't you worried about

having all your wounded in one place?

Commander Paylor :I think it's better than leaving

them to die.
 Bogss :That's not what I meant.

Commander Paylor :Well, that's my only other

option. If you can come up with another, I'm all ears.

The idiomatic expression ―come up with‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal verbs type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―Suggest of an idea or plan‖ (Cutting Edge Phrase Builder, 2003:

24).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―come‖ in the idiomatic expression

―come up with‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as to move towards a

specific person or place and connotative meaning as suggest or think (Random

House Kernerman Webster‘s College Dictionary, 2010).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―come‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Ear

There is idiom containing language symbol ―ear‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―ear‖ is ―acutely attentive‖ (American Heritage,

2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―i‘m all ears‖ where revealed

on the dialogue between Commander Paylor and Bogss at the minute

00:43:43,680 until 00:44:20,081.

Commander Paylor :Well, we've got plenty of

those. We have a mass grave a few blocks west, but, I

can't spare the manpower to move them yet. Hospital's

past that curtain. Any hope you can give them, it's

worth it. The Capitol's done everything they can to

break us.

Bogss :Aren't you worried about

having all your wounded in one place?

Commander Paylor :I think it's better than leaving

them to die.

Bogss :That's not what I meant.

Commander Paylor :Well, that's my only other

option. If you can come up with another, I'm all ears.

The idiomatic expression ―I‘m all ears‖ revealed on that dialogue is included

on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression

is ―hear about something‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

 Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―ears‖ in the idiomatic expression ―I‘m

all ears‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as the organ of hearing and

connotative meaning as acutely attentive (American Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―ears‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Dead

There is idiom containing language symbol ―dead‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―dead‖ is ―unable to‖ (Kernerman Multilingual

Dictionary, 2006). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―to be dead to

forget‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by Gale at the minute

01:05:37,440 until 01:06:34,164.

Gale :This is where you kissed me.

Katniss :I didn't think you remembered that.

Gale :I'd have to be dead to forget that.

Maybe not even then. I knew you'd do that.

Katniss :How? I didn't.

Gale :'Cause I'm in pain. That's the only

way that I can get your attention. Don't worry, Katniss. It'll

pass.

The idiomatic expression ―to be dead to forget that‖ revealed on that dialogue

is included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―really hard to forget‖ (Random House Kernerman Webster‘s

College Dictionary, 2010).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―dead‖ in the idiomatic expression ―to

be dead to forget that‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as having lost life

and connotative meaning as unable to (Random House Kernerman Webster‘s

College Dictionary, 2010).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―dead‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Red

There is idiom containing language symbol ―red‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―red‖ is ―denoting the highest degree of urgency in

an emergency‖ (American Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic

expression ―a code red alert‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by District

13‘s operator at the minute 01:14:56,840 until 01:15:33,007.

District 13’s Operator :Proceed to your nearest stairwell and descend

to level 40. Blast doors will be sealed in six

minutes. This is a code red alert. Please,

remain calm and begin evacuation protocol.

Proceed in an orderly fashion to your nearest

stairwell and descend to level 40.

District 13’s commander :Madam President,

three Capitolsquadrons just entered our

airspace.

Alma Coin :How much time do we

have?

District 13’s commander :They're a few seconds

from range.

Alma Coin :Prepare to scramble

the fleet.

District 13’s command officer : Copy that.

The idiomatic expression ―a code red alert‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic
 expression is ―emergency alert with the highest degree‖ (American Heritage,

2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―red‖ in the idiomatic expression ―a

code red alert‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as the colour red and

connotative meaning as denoting the highest degree of urgency in an emergency

(American Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―red‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Tomb

There is idiom containing language symbol ―tomb‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―tomb‖ is ―a poetic term for death‖ (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―seal us in here

like a tomb‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by Plutrach at the minute

01:19:44,360 until 01:19:59,046.

Alma Coin :Conceal all remaining anti-aircraft

guns. Seal launching pads and ventilation corridors. We are

gonna wait this out. This is what we're built for.

Plutrach :They'll seal us in here like a tomb.

Alma Coin :The Capitol's working off some

outdated information. I'd rather not update it for them.

The idiomatic expression ―seal us in here like a tomb‖ revealed on that

dialogue is included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic
 expression is ―being attacked without able to revenge‖ (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―tomb‖ in the idiomatic expression

―seal us in here like a tomb‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as a place for

the burial of a corpse and connotative meaning as a poetic term for death (Collins

English Dictionary, 2014).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―tomb‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Window

There is idiom containing language symbol ―window‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―window‖ is ―a brief time period in which an

opportunity exists‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014). It can be seen from the

idiomatic expression ―a window is open to us‖ where revealed on the dialogue

spoken by Haymitch at the minute 01:28:29,880 until 01:28:57,211.

Haymitch :Okay, but I meant what I said. Look,

the reason I'm here is to let you know they're rescuing Peeta.

Katniss :What?

Haymitch :The dam went down in District 5,

took out most of the power to the Capitol. Knocked out their

signal defence. Betee's inside their system now, wreaking all

kinds of havoc. A window is open to us. How much longer? I

don't know. I guess until the Capitol can get the power back

on.
 The idiomatic expression ―a window is open to us‖ revealed on that dialogue

is included on tournures type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―there is an opportunity for us‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―window‖ in the idiomatic expression

―a window is open to us‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as an opening

constructed in a wall, door, or roof that functions to admit light or air to an

enclosure and is often framed and spanned with glass mounted to permit opening

and closing and connotative meaning as a brief time period in which an

opportunity exists (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―window‖

in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Light

There is idiom containing language symbol ―light‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―light‖ is ―in consideration of‖ (American Heritage,

2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―woman in light‖ where

revealed on the dialogue between Katniss and Haymitch at the minute

01:28:57,280 until 01:29:25,610.

Katniss :And President Alma Coin?

Haymitch :You know, I can never fully support

that woman in light of the...

prohibition they have going on around this place, but...

Plutarch got word that Peeta and the others are in the Tribute

Centre. And with the power out, Alma Coin sees this as an

opportunity. She knows that Peeta is the Capitol's weapon.

The same way you're ours. And as opposed to having you two

pointing at each other, she's going to get him.

The idiomatic expression ―woman in light‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―the woman who leaded the Panem‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―light‖ in the idiomatic expression

―woman in light‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as the medium of

illumination that makes sight possible and connotative meaning as in

consideration of (American Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―light‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Horizon

There is idiom containing language symbol ―horizon‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―horizon‖ is ―soon to happen‖ (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―new Panem is

on the horizon‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by Alma Coin at the

minute 01:47:41,400 until 01:50:09,083.

Alma Coin :Good evening.

Yesterday, I authorized a covert rescue mission inside the

Capitol. I am pleased to announce that the Victors have been

liberated! Let this day mark an historic change. With The

Mockingjay and the Victors beside us, we have sent a clear

message to the Capitol. That we will never again endure

injustice. Today, a day on which we reunited family, friends,

and loved ones. Let all of Panem come together. Not to battle

for the amusement of the Capitol. But to join hands in this

fight. Let today be the day we promise never to give up, never

to give in until we have made a new Panem, where leaders are

elected, not imposed upon us. And where the districts are free

to share the fruits of their labours and not fight one another for

scraps! This new Panem is on the horizon. But we must take

it for ourselves. The road there leads through the sharp

mountains and deep ravines of District 2. There in the heart of

Panem's steepest mountain range

lies the Capitol's principal military facility. We can conquer

 this stronghold because we are one people, one army, one

voice. Because today is our new beginning. Today we have

freed the Victors. Tomorrow, Panem!

The idiomatic expression ―new Panem is on the horizon‖ revealed on that

dialogue is included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this

idiomatic expression is ―new panem is soon to happen‖ (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―horizon‖ in the idiomatic expression

―new Panem is on the horizon‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as the line at

which the earth and the sky seem to meet and connotative meaning as soon to

happen (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―horizon‖

in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Soul

There is idiom containing language symbol ―soul‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―soul‖ is ―the dull time‖ (Collins English Dictionary,

2014). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―soul in this dungeon‖ where

revealed on the dialogue between Effie Trinket and Plutrach at the minute

00:29:07,320 until 00:29:49,086.

Plutrach :Miss Trinket, your days

in the Capitol are over, no matter what happens here. If you

wanna play a prisoner of war, fine. Stay here and rot. I'll find

someone else to be The Mockingjay's escort.

Effie Trinket :Who?

 Plutrach :Anyone can be replaced.

Effie Trinket :Not your Mockingjay.

There isn't a soul in this dungeon who knows the first thing

about Katniss. You honestly believe one of these cave

dwellers is going to take my place? No.

The idiomatic expression ―soul in this dungeon‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―people in the bunker‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―soul‖ in the idiomatic expression

―soul in this dungeon‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as the spirit or

immaterial part of man and connotative meaning as people (Collins English

Dictionary, 2014).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―soul‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Puppet

There is idiom containing language symbol ―puppet‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―puppet‖ is ―one whose behavior is determined by

the will of others‖ (American Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic

expression ―you‘re a puppet‖ where revealed on the dialogue spoken by District

13‘s civilian at the minute 00:22:38,080 unit 00:22:52,200.

Caesar Flickerman :Are you calling for a

ceasefire?

Peeta :Yeah. I am.

District 13’s Civilian:You're a puppet!

Hang him!

Peeta :I want everyone to stop the

senseless violence.

Peeta :This is not the path to change.

District 13’s Civilian:Traitor!

The idiomatic expression ―you‘re a puppet‖ revealed on that dialogue is

included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic

expression is ―Someone whose behavior is determined by Capitol‖ (American

Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―puppet‖ in the idiomatic expression

―you‘re a puppet‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as a small doll or figure

of a person or animal and connotative meaning as one whose behavior is

determined by the will of others (American Heritage, 2016).

 The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―puppet‖

in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Face

There is idiom containing language symbol ―face‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―face‖ is ―image‖ (American Heritage, 2016). It can

be seen from the idiomatic expression ―the face of the revolution‖ where revealed

on the dialogue Plutrach and Alma Coin at the minute 00:07:52,520 until

00:08:38,761.

Alma Coin :She knows who the enemy is.

That's not the issue.

Plutrach :Unless she's forgotten.

There's explaining and there's showing. Let her see what the

Capitol did to 12.

Alma Coin :She can't handle it.

The Games destroyed her.

Plutrach :This is the only choice you have.

People don't always show up the way you want them to,

Madam President. But that anger, that anger-driven defiance,

that's what we want. And we can redirect it. We need to unite

these people out there that have been doing nothing but killing

each other in an arena for years. We have to have a lightning

rod. They'll follow her. She's the face of the revolution.

Let her see it. Let her go home.

Alma Coin :Send her.

 The idiomatic expression ―the face of the revolution‖ revealed on that

dialogue is included on phrasal compound type of idiom and the meaning of this

idiomatic expression is ―someone who becomes the image of revolution‖

(American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―face‖ in the idiomatic expression ―the

face of revolution‖, this symbol has denotative meaning as part of body and

connotative meaning as image (American Heritage, 2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―face‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Ground

There is idiom containing language symbol ―ground‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of first symbol ―ground‖ is ―an area or a position that is

contested in or as if in battle‖ (American Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the

idiomatic expression ―we‘re losing ground, because the people are losing heart‖

where revealed on the dialogue spoken by Plutrach at the minute 00:27:04,200

until 00:28:00,003.

Katniss :The Victors will be granted

immunity. And you will announce that in front of the entire

population of 13. You will hold yourself and your government

responsible or you will find another Mockingjay.

Plutrach :That's it. That's her. Right there.

Isn't that who I promised you? She wears the costume. Gunfire

in the background. A hint of smoke. Our Mockingjay. Madam

President, we're losing ground, because the people are

 losing heart. This is worth the risk. She's worth the risk.

Pardons, tribunals. Power of the people. It can all be the

bedrock of the new Panem, but, in wartime I think even the

noblest of causes can be bent a little bit. Right?

Alma Coin :Do you have any other conditions?

Katniss :My sister gets to keep her cat.

The idiomatic expression ―we‘re losing ground, because the people are losing

heart‖ revealed on that dialogue is included on proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖

type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression is ―we lose because of

there is no one who is dependable‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―ground‖ in the idiomatic expression

―we‘re losing ground, because the people are losing heart‖, this symbol has

denotative meaning as the solid surface of the earth and connotative meaning as

an area or a position that is contested in or as if in battle (American Heritage,

2016).

The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―ground‖

in those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

 Heart

There is idiom containing language symbol ―heart‖ that found in dialogues

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie.

The meaning of symbol ―heart‖ is ―capacity for sympathy or generosity‖

(American Heritage, 2016). It can be seen from the idiomatic expression ―we‘re

losing ground, because the people are losing heart‖ where revealed on the

dialogue spoken by Plutrach at the minute 00:27:04,200 until 00:28:00,003.

Katniss :The Victors will be granted immunity.

And you will announce that in front of the entire population of

13. You will hold yourself and your government responsible or

you will find another Mockingjay.

Plutrach :That's it. That's her. Right there.

Isn't that who I promised you? She wears the costume. Gunfire

in the background. A hint of smoke. Our Mockingjay. Madam

President, we're losing ground, because the people are losing

heart. This is worth the risk. She's worth the risk. Pardons,

tribunals. Power of the people. It can all be the bedrock of the

new Panem, but, in wartime I think even the noblest of causes

can be bent a little bit. Right?

Alma Coin :Do you have any other conditions?

Katniss :My sister gets to keep her cat.

The idiomatic expression ―we‘re losing ground, because the people are losing

heart‖ revealed on that dialogue is included on proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖

type of idiom and the meaning of this idiomatic expression is ―we lose because of

there is no one who is dependable‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

Based on semiotic analysis of symbol ―heart‖ in the idiomatic expression

―we‘re losing ground, because the people are losing heart‖, this symbol has

denotative meaning as the chambered muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps

blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of

blood through the entire circulatory system and connotative meaning as capacity

for sympathy or generosity; compassion (American Heritage, 2016).

 The more detail discussion about the meaning of language symbol ―heart‖ in

those dialogues is discussed in the discussion part of this chapter.

3) Implication of semiotic analysis on idiomatic expressions reveal in The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie to English language skills

Related with the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions reveal

in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 movie to English education, the researcher

has done the interview toward some lecturers from English teaching department

which focuses on teaching speaking, listening, reading, and writing subject. The

questions in interview were conducted using some theories about implication of

studying idiomatic expression and also semiotic analysis have been conducted in

chapter 2.

The researcher has chosen 3 lecturers to being interviewed, they are Wildan

Mahir, M.A. TESL, Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd, and Drs. Kuncoro. For the first, Wildan

Mahir, M.A. TESL is the lecturer who teaches speaking for formal situation in the

speaking class of 4th semester students of English teaching department. He also

teaches Journal Article Writing (JAW) in the writing class of 5th semester students of

English teaching department. The second is Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd, he is the lecturer

who teaches literal listening in the listening class of 4th semester students of English

teaching department. And for the last is Drs. Kuncoro, he is the lecturer who teaches

critical reading in the reading class of 4th semester students of English teaching

department.

The researcher has conducted some questions according some theories related

with the implication of studying idiomatic expression and also semiotic analysis

which is conducted in chapter 2. The questions are:

a. What are the importances of studying idiomatic expressions in

speaking/reading/listening/writing class?
 b. How could the analysis of movie be used as media to study about

idiomatic expression?

c. Why semiotic theory of Roland Barthes which explains about denotative

and connotative meaning of language symbol and also the myth of it need

to be studied in English language class?

d. What is the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found

in movie to English language skills?

Before asking the questions, the researcher tried to give some explanations

about the discussion related with each of the questions that she asked, such as some

explanation about idiomatic expression and also about semiotic especially semiotic

theory of Roland Barthes.

From the interview the researcher got some arguments related with the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions in the movie. The first

discussion is related with the question number 1.

What are the importances of studying idiomatic expressions in

speaking/reading/listening/writing class?

Each lecturer has various opinions in answering this question. Wildan Mahir,

M.A. TESL as the lecturer of speaking subject argued that idiomatic expressions need

to be studied in speaking class. It because of when the teacher taught about special

expression in speaking like idiomatic expression, the teacher taught students to use

expressions which used in British or American standard. Idiomatic expressions in

Indonesian language and in English language are different, so the teacher has to

introduce English idiomatic expressions to the students so they understand about

those expressions when they communicate using idiomatic expression. Mastering

idiomatic expressions increases students‘ self-confidence and vocabulary mastery and

also it makes the students learn to speak like native speaker.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecturer of listening subject stated that idiomatic

expression needed to be studied in listening class especially in inferential listening.

The material of inferential listening is related with the discussion of TOEFL (Test of

English Foreign Language). In the discussion of TOEFL, the study of listening is not

inferential but the study of it begins to search the meaning of the native speaker‘s

says, the meaning here can be implicit and explicit meaning. The study of listening

here often finds about idiom. The students should be introduced about idioms even

there is only a little idiom appear in listening.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecturer of reading subject said that idiomatic expressions

should be studied in reading class. It was important because the most of reading texts

contain idiomatic expression especially in authentic text. When students read the text

contain a strong culture background, they might think how that culture in their own

culture.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of writing subject argued that

idiomatic expressions needed to be taught in writing class. When the students studied

about writing, the use of idiomatic expression on their writing showed the intelligence

level of them. From those opinions, it can be concluded that idiomatic expression is

needed to be taught in English language class.

The second discussion is related with the question number 2.

How could the analysis of movie be used as media to study about idiomatic

expression?
 Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of speaking subject said that analysis

of movie can be used as media to study about idiomatic expression in speaking class.

whereas, in the speaking class the students do not analyze the detail of the movie, but

the students only analyze to understand the meaning of idiomatic expressions reveals

in the movie and then practice them into real conversation.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecturer of listening subject stated that analysis of

movie may be used as media to study idiomatic expressions in listening class. If there

is a movie which contains many idioms, it can be used as media to study idioms in

listening class.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecturer of reading subject argued that the synopsis of

movie can be used as the media in teaching reading but the analysis of movie is just to

enrich knowledge in reading class.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of writing subject stated that the

analysis of movie can be used as media to study idiomatic expressions in writing

class, but it depended on the purpose of the writing class is it for academic writing, for

essay writing, or for article journal writing. The students will see the idiomatic

expression in the movie then analyze it and apply it in their writing especially in essay

writing. The use of idiomatic expressions in writing added a sense of the writing

product.

The third discussion is related with the question number 3.

Why semiotic theory of Roland Barthes which explains about denotative and

connotative meaning of language symbol need to be studied in English language

class?
 Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of speaking subject said that semiotic

needed to be studied because language itself is a system of symbols. By studying

semiotic the students can search the meaning of word and can interpret the meaning of

language symbol. They do not only know the meaning from the expression but also

from the symbol.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecturer of listening subject stated that language

and culture is one package. If we only study about the language without study about

the culture, we will only know the meaning literally. Related with idiom, if we study

about idioms we also have to study about the culture related with for who, when and

how those idiomatic expressions deliver.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecturer of reading subject stated that semiotic can be used

in teaching reading. When the teacher studied about semiotic analysis, the result of it

can be taught in the reading class. Semiotic have to be studied because the student

have to study deeper to build up the students‘ culture awareness.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of writing subject argued that

semiotics needs to be studied. Actually semiotic and idiomatic expression is two

separated science but semiotic related with all science. Semiotic can be used to

analyze the writing product. It is also useful to knowing the background culture of the

native speaker and also to know the meaning of expressions which have been agreed

by the language communities.

The fourth discussion is related with the question number 4.

What is the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in

movie to English language skills?

 Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of speaking subject stated that the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie to English

language education is to enrich vocabularies, to enrich expressions which is never

heard by the students before, and also to upgrade the students‘ speaking level so the

students know when, where and with whom they have to use those expression.

Related with the movie, the students can know how to pronounce and to use the

idiomatic expression.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecturer of listening subject stated that the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie to English

language education is we can focus to see who delivered those idioms, when the

native speaker delivered those idioms, and in what context the native speaker

delivered those idioms. Then the students know the meaning of those idioms from

every elements of it.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecturer of reading subject stated that the implication of

semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie to English language

education is the students are able to understand well about idiomatic expression from

the side sight of culture. The students can take the moral value from reading text well.

The implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie also can

make the process of study reading more colorful.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecturer of writing subject stated that semiotic

is one of tool that is used in analysis. When it is used to analyze the educational

movie, it increased the knowledge about moral value and also materials related with

education.
 From those interviews, the researcher got some arguments related implications

of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions reveal in The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 movie to English education.

All of their opinion about the implication of it is almost same with the theory of

implication of studying idiomatic expression and also semiotic analysis which has

been conducted in chapter 2.

The more detail discussion about the implication of semiotic analysis of

idiomatic expressions reveal in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 movie to

English education is discussed in discussion part in this chapter.

C. Discussion

1) Idiomatic expression revealed in the dialogues spoken by the characters in The

Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie

In classifying data of the idiomatic expressions in The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 movie, the researcher used Makkai‘s classification of idiom.

Makkai classified idioms into encoding and decoding idiom. The researcher focused

on decoding idiom which is classified into lexemic and sememic idioms. Lexemic

idiom is idiom that consists of more than one word but this meaning is not the

cumulative sum of the meanings of its parts. It has 6 subcategories of idiom that are

phrasal verbs, tournures, irreversible binominals, phrasal compounds, incorporating

verbs, and pseudo-idioms. While sememic idiom is a multiple-word structure whose

meaning is derived from its constituent lexemes and it additionally has an

unpredictable sememic network or to paraphrase an unpredictable pragmatic function.

It has 8 subcategories of idiom that are ―first base‖ idioms, idioms of institutionalized

politeness, idioms of institutionalized detachment or indirectness, idioms of proposal

encoded as questions, idioms of institutionalized greeting, proverbial idioms with a

―moral‖, familiar quotations as idioms, and idiomaticity in institutionalized

understatement.

From the data that displayed in the table in appendix 1, it found that there are 28

idiomatic expressions reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In

those 28 idiomatic expressions which reveal in the dialogues, there are found some

idioms in the subcategories of lexemic categories, that are 6 idioms in phrasal verb

subcategories; 13 idioms in phrasal compound subcategories; and 8 idioms in

tournures subcategories. There is also found idiom in the subcategories of sememic

categories, that is 1 idiom in familiar quotation as idioms subcategories. Based on the

research finding, it can be concluded that there are only 3 subcategories of lexemic

idiom and 1 subcategories of sememic idiom.

a. Lexemic idioms

Lexemic idiom is idiom that consists of more than one word but this meaning

is not the cumulative sum of the meanings of its parts. Furthermore, this type of

multiword structure functions as one lexeme (e.g. give in = succumb and kick the

bucket = die). There are found 3 subcategories of lexemic idiom used in dialogues

on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie, that are Phrasal Verb; Phrasal

Compound; and Tournures.

1) Phrasal Verb

Idioms in phrasal verb subcategories become the common used idiom in

this movie. There are found 6 idioms on phrasal verb subcategories from 27

idiomatic expressions reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1

Movie. For the example, the idiomatic expression ―show up‖ which revealed
on the dialogue between Alma Coin and Plutrach at the minute 00:07:44,560

until 00:08:34,649.

Alma Coin :This is not the girl you

described.

Plutrach :Obviously, we need to make

it personal. Remind her who the real enemy is.

Alma Coin :She knows who the enemy is.

That's not the issue.

Plutrach :Unless she's forgotten.

There's explaining and there's showing. Let her see

what the Capitol did to 12.

Alma Coin :She can't handle it.

The Games destroyed her.

Plutrach :This is the only choice you

have. People don't always show up the way you want

them to, Madam President. But that anger, that anger

driven defiance, that's what we want. And we can

redirect it. We need to unite these people out there that

have been doing nothing but killing

each other in an arena for years. We have to have a

lightning rod. They'll follow her. She's the face of the

revolution. Let her see it. Let her go home.

The idiomatic expression ―show up‖ appears when Plutrach want to

persuade President Alma Coin who has a doubt on Katniss Everdeen for being

the Mockingjay. This idiom is included on idiom of Phrasal verb

 subcategories. According to Makkai, phrasal verbs are idioms which

structured by a verb plus one or two particles. ―Show‖ is the verb that

structured this idiomatic expression and ―up‖ is a particle that follows the verb

―show‖ in this idiomatic expression.

From the context of those dialogues, the meaning of this idiom is

―agreed with something‖. The meaning of this phrasal verb can‘t be seen

from the meaning of each word construct it, so it can be categorized into

idiom. It also based on the essential features said by Bell (1974:3), which is

the basic characteristic of idiomatic expressions is that the words are used

metaphorically. Therefore, the surface structure has a little role to play in

understanding the meaning of the whole expression.

2) Phrasal Compound

Idioms in phrasal verb subcategories become the most common used

idiom in this movie. There are found 13 idioms on phrasal compounds

subcategories from 27 idiomatic expressions reveal on The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. For the example, the idiomatic expression ―the

dark days‖ which revealed on the dialogue spoken by President Snow at the

minute 00:15:52,320 until 00:16:17,401.

President Snow :Otherwise we're

breaking my oldest rule. Never let them see you

bleed. Citizens, tonight I address all of Panem

as one. Since the Dark Days, Panem has had

an unprecedented era of peace …

 The idiomatic expression ―the dark days‖ appears when President

Snow delivers his speech related with the prohibition of the use of all images

of Mockingjay to all of the Panem in Capitol. This idiom is included on idiom

of phrasal compound subcategories. According to Makkai, phrasal compounds

are structured by compound nouns and adjectives. ―Dark‖ is the adjective that

structured this idiomatic expression and ―days‖ is a noun of this idiomatic

expression.

From the context of those dialogues, the meaning of this idiom is ―the dull

time‖ (American Heritage, 2016). The meaning of this phrasal verb can‘t be

seen from the meaning of each word construct it, so it can be categorized into

idiom. It also based on the essential features said by Bell (1974:3), which is

the basic characteristic of idiomatic expressions is that the words are used

metaphorically. Therefore, the surface structure has a little role to play in

understanding the meaning of the whole expression.

3) Tounures

Idioms in tournures subcategories become the common used idiom in this

movie. There are found 8 idioms on tournures subcategories from 27 dialogues

contain idiomatic expressions reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part

1 Movie. For the example, the idiomatic expression ―have our eyes on you‖

which revealed on the dialogue between Gale and Katniss at the minute

00:10:12,200 until 00:10:29,808.

Gale :13 swept everything, top to

bottom so you'd be safe. You sure you don't want me

to go with you?

Katniss :Yeah. I'm sure.

 Gale :We'll have our eyes on you

from above.

The idiomatic expression ―have our eyes on you‖ appears when Gale

wanted to monitor Katniss from the air when Katniss went to see district 12

alone after it has been destroyed by Capitol. This idiom is included on idiom

of tournures subcategories. According to Makkai, tournures are structured by

two lexons. This idiom is made up by two lexons that are ―have our eyes‖

which is verb phrase and ―on you‖ which is adverb.

From the context of those dialogues, the meaning of this idiom is

―monitoring someone from the distance‖ (American Heritage, 2016). The

meaning of this combination of two lexons can not be seen from the

meaning of each word construct it, so it can be categorized into idiom. It

also based on the essential features said by Bell (1974:3), which are

conventional verbs. Idioms are special expressions which are almost known

and agreed by all the members of a particular community.

b. Sememic Idioms

Sememic idiom is a multiple-word structure whose meaning is derived from

its constituent lexemes and it additionally has an unpredictable sememic network

or to paraphrase an unpredictable pragmatic function. Example of Sememic

idioms include sayings and proverbs (e.g. don’t put all the eggs in one basket and

no pain, no gain) and familiar quotations (e.g. Brevity is the soul of wit). There is

found 1 subcategories of sememic idiom used in dialogues on The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 Movie that is proverbial idioms with a ―moral‖.

1) Proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖

According to Makkai, proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖ subcategories is

well-recognized proverbs in a language (e.g. Don‘t count your chicken before

they are hatched and Birds of a feather flock together).

Idioms in proverbial idiom with a ―moral‖ subcategories become the

rare used idiom in this movie. There is only found 1 idiom on proverbial idiom

with a ―moral‖ subcategories from 27 dialogues contain idiomatic expressions

reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. For the example, the

idiomatic expression ―we‘re losing ground, because the people are losing

heart.‖ which revealed on the dialogue spoken by Plutrach at the minute

00:27:04,200 until 00:28:00,003.

Katniss :The Victors will be granted

immunity. And you will announce that in front of the

entire population of 13. You will hold yourself and

your government responsible or you will find another

Mockingjay.

Plutrach :That's it. That's her. Right

 there. Isn't that who I promised you? She wears the

costume. Gunfire in the background. A hint of smoke.

Our Mockingjay. Madam President, we're losing

ground, because the people are losing heart. This is

worth the risk. She's worth the risk. Pardons, tribunals.

Power of the people. It can all be the bedrock of the

new Panem, but, in wartime I think even the noblest of

causes can be bent a little bit. Right?

Alma Coin :Do you have

any other conditions?

Katniss :My sister gets

to keep her cat.

The idiomatic expression ―we‘re losing ground, because the people are

losing heart.‖ appears when Plutrach convinced Alma Coin to fulfill Katniss‘

conditions in order to Katniss want to be their Mockingjay. This idiom is

included on idiom of proverbial idiom with ―moral‖ subcategories. According

to Makkai, tournures are well-known proverb which containing a moral

message.

From the context of those dialogues, the meaning of this idiom is ―we

lose because of there is no one who is dependable‖ (American Heritage,

2016). The meaning of this proverbial idiom cannot be seen from the meaning

of each word construct it, so it can be categorized into idiom. It also based on

the essential features said by Bell (1974:3), which is figurativeness. The basic

characteristic of idiomatic expressions is that the words are used

 metaphorically. Therefore, the surface structure has a little role to play in

understanding the meaning of the whole expression.

2) The meaning of symbols contained in the idiomatic expressions revealed in the

dialogue spoken by the character of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1

Movie

The data related with the meaning of symbols contained in the idiomatic

expressions revealed in the dialogue spoken by the character of The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 movie can be seen on the table in the appendix 1.

The result of idiomatic expression analysis on the movie found that from 28

idiomatic expressions gotten from the dialogues that have been classified based on

Makkai‘s classification, there are found 24 idiomatic expressions containing symbol

in form of word. Those symbols are as the follows:

a. Fire

There are three idioms containing language symbol ―fire‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. From the

finding data, it found that Language symbol ―fire‖ which found in those

dialogues has different meaning in each part of the dialogues where these

symbols exist.

In the first idiomatic expression ―stoke the fire of rebellion‖ which

revealed on the dialogue between Plutrach and Katniss when Plutrach

convinces Katniss to become Mockingjay the face of revolution, the language

symbol ―fire‖ has a meaning as ―enthusiasm‖ (Kernerman English

Multilingual Dictionary, 2006).

 Based on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language symbol

can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking for

denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Fire Something burning

Denotation

Fire Enthusiasm/ excitement

Connotation

Figure 4.1 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Fire” 1

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign is not only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―stoke the fire of rebellion‖, the concept of ―something burning‖ is signified by

denotative sign ―fire‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―fire‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―Enthusiasm or excitement‖.

In the second idiomatic expression ―girl on fire‖ revealed on the dialogue

between Plutrach and Alma Coin when Plutrach introduces Katniss as the

candidate of Mockingjay the face of revolution, the language symbol ―fire‖

has a meaning as ―filled with enthusiasm‖ (Random House Kernerman

Webster Collage Dictionary, 2010).

 Based on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language symbol

can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking for

denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Fire Something burning

Denotation

Fire Filled with enthusiasm or

excitement

Connotation

Figure 4.2 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Fire” 2

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign is not only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―girl on fire‖, the concept of ―something burning‖ is signified by denotative sign

―fire‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―fire‖ is also connotative sign which

signified ―filled with enthusiasm or excitement‖.

In the third idiomatic expression ―the fire is catching‖ which revealed on

the dialogue said by Katniss as the message for President Snow after she saw

the jet plane from Capital bombed the wound and kill all the, the language

symbol ―fire‖ has a meaning as ―the act of firing weapons‖ (Wordnet 3.0, 2003).

Based on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language symbol can
be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking for denotative

(implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Fire Something burning

Denotation

Fire
The act of firing weapons
or artillery at an enemy
Connotation

Figure 4.3 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Fire” 3

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign is not only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―fire is catching‖, the concept of ―something burning‖ is signified by denotative

sign ―fire‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―fire‖ is also connotative sign

which signified ―The act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy‖.

b. Lightning rod

Based on the data related with the idioms containing symbol revealed

in The Mockingjay part 1 movie which is shown in the table above, there is

found one idiomatic expression containing language symbol ―lightning rod‖ in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the

idiomatic expression ―a lightning rod‖ which revealed on the dialogue

between Plutrach and Alma Coin when Plutrach convinces Alma Coin that

Katniss is a right person to become the face of revolution, the language

symbol ―lightning rod‖ has a meaning as ―one that attracts criticism‖

(American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

A grounded metal rod

Lightning rod placed high on a
structure

Denotation

One that attracts criticism

Lightning rod
Connotation

Figure 4.4 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Lightning rod”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

 connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―a lightning rod‖, the concept of ―a grounded

metal rod placed high on a structure to prevent damage by conducting lightning

to the ground‖ is signified by denotative sign ―lightning rod‖. In the same time,

denotative sign ―lightning rod‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―one

that attracts criticism, often in such a way that criticism is diverted from

something else or someone who takes all the blame for a situation, although

other people are responsible too‖.

c. Eyes

There are two idioms containing language symbol ―eyes‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. From the

finding data, it found that Language symbol ―eyes‖ which found in those

dialogues has different meaning in each part of the dialogues where these

symbols exist.

In the first idiomatic expression ―have our eyes on you‖ which

revealed on the dialogue said by Gale who wants to monitor Katniss from the

air when Katniss goes to district 13 alone, the language symbol ―eyes‖ has a

meaning as ―to watch‖ (Random House Kernerman Webster‘s College

Dictionary, 2010). Based on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of

language symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that

are looking for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning

(explicit meaning).
Eyes An organ of sight

Denotation

Eyes Watch or monitoring

Connotation

Figure 4.5 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Eyes” 1

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist

of signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative

sign. In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part

of denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―be tattooed on their eyes‖ which revealed on the dialogue said by Cressida

when she wants to record the propaganda clip in the ground, the concept of

―an organ of sight‖ is signified by denotative sign ―eyes‖. In the same time,

denotative sign ―eyes‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―watch or

monitoring‖.

In the second idiomatic expression ―be tattooed on their eyes‖, the

language symbol ―eyes‖ has a meaning as ―full attentive‖ (Collins Thesaurus

of the English Language, 2002). Based on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory,

the sense of language symbol can be discussed by using two stages of

signification, that are looking for denotative (implicit meaning) and

connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

 Eyes An organ of sight

Denotation

Eyes Full attentive

Connotation

Figure 4.6 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Eyes” 2

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist

of signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative

sign. In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part

of denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―be tattooed on their eyes‖, the concept of ―an organ of sight‖ is signified by

denotative sign ―eyes‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―eyes‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―full attentive‖.

d. Dark

There are two idioms containing language symbol ―dark‖ that found in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. From the

finding data, it found that Language symbol ―dark‖ which found in those

dialogues has different meaning in each part of the dialogues where these

symbols exist.

In the first idiomatic expression ―they are in the dark‖, which revealed

on the dialogue said by Caesar Flickerman when he wants to interview Peeta

in the talk show of Capitol channel, the language symbol ―dark‖ has a

meaning as ―in a state of ignorance‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014). Based

on Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language symbol can be

discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking for denotative

(implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Dark Lacking very little

light
Denotation

Dark In a state of ignorance

Connotation

Figure 4.7 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Dark” 1

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative

sign. In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part

of denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―they are in the dark‖, the concept of ―Lacking very little light‖ is signified by

denotative sign ―dark‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―dark‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―In a state of ignorance‖.

In the second idiomatic expression ―the dark days‖ which revealed on the

dialogue said Alma Coin on her speech toward all of district 13 to introduce

Katniss as the face of revolution, the language symbol ―dark‖ has a meaning

as ―the dull time‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014). Based on Roland

Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language symbol can be discussed by

using two stages of signification, that are looking for denotative (implicit

meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

 Dark Days without any
light

Denotation

Dark The dull time

Connotation

Figure 4.8 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Dark” 2

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist

of signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative

sign. In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part

of denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69). In the idiomatic expression

―the dark days‖, the concept of ―days without any light‖ is signified by

denotative sign ―dark‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―dark‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―the dull time‖.

e. Beating heart

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―beating heart‖ in dialogues reveal on The

Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―the

beating heart of Panem‖ which revealed on the dialogue said by President

Snow on his speech about the rule for every district to supply the source into

the Capitol , the language symbol ―beating heart‖ has a meaning as ―the vital

unifying force‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

 According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

The general nature of

Beating heart
heart’s contraction

Denotation

Beating heart Vital unifying force

Connotation

Figure 4.9 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Beating heart”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―the beating heart of Panem‖, the concept of

―the general nature of heart‘s contraction‖ is signified by denotative sign

―beating heart‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―beating heart‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―Vital unifying force‖.

f. A little light

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―a little light‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―to shed a little

light on the subject‖ which revealed on the dialogue said by Caesar

 Flickerman when he gives the occasion for Peeta to explain about what really

happen in the Hunger Games arena, the language symbol ―a little light‖ has a

meaning as ―explanation‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

A little light A minor light

Denotation

A little light Explanation

Connotation

Figure 4.10 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “a little light”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―to shed a little light on the subject‖, the

concept of ―a minor light‖ is signified by denotative sign ―a little light‖. In the

same time, denotative sign ―a little light‖ is also connotative sign which

signified ―explanation‖.

g. Come

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―come‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

 Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―come up with

another‖ which revealed on the dialogue between said by Pailor when Bogss

asking about the wound in her district, the language symbol ―come‖ has a

meaning as ―suggest‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

To move towards a
Come
specific person/place

Denotation

Come Suggest or think

Connotation

Figure 4.11 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Come”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―come up with another‖, the concept of ―to

move towards a specific person or place‖ is signified by denotative sign

―come‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―come‖ is also connotative sign

which signified ―suggest or think‖.

h. Ears
 Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―ears‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―I‘m all ears‖ which

revealed on the dialogue between said by Pailor when Bogss asking about the

wound in her district, the language symbol ―ears‖ has a meaning as ―acutely

attentive‖ (American heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Ears The organ of hearing

Denotation

Ears Acutely attentive

Connotation

Figure 4.12 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Ears”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―I‘m all ears‖, the concept of ―The organ of

hearing‖ is signified by denotative sign ―ears‖. In the same time, denotative sign

―ears‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―acutely attentive‖.

i. Dead
 Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―dead‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―to be dead to

forget that‖ which revealed on the dialogue between said by Gale who can

never forget about Katniss when he was at Katniss‘ house in district 12, the

language symbol ―dead‖ has a meaning as ―unable to‖ (American Heritage,

2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Dead Having lost life

Denotation

Dead Unable to

Connotation

Figure 4.13 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Dead”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―to be dead to forget that‖, the concept of

―having lost life‖ is signified by denotative sign ―dead‖. In the same time,

denotative sign ―dead‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―unable to‖.
j. Red

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―red‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games:

Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―a code red alert‖, the

language symbol ―red‖ has a meaning as ―the highest degree of urgency in an

emergency‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Red The colour red

Denotation

Red The highest degree of

urgency in an emergency

Connotation

Figure 4.14 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Red”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―a code red alert‖, the concept of ―the colour

red‖ is signified by denotative sign ―red‖. In the same time, denotative sign
 ―red‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―the highest degree of urgency in

an emergency‖.

k. Tomb

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―tomb‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―seal us in here

like a tomb‖ which revealed on the dialogue between said by Plutrach when

the bunker of district 13 is attacked by Capitol and they can‘t attack back, the

language symbol ―tomb‖ has a meaning as ―a poetic form of death‖ (Collins

English Dictionary, 2014).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

A place for the burial

Tomb
of a corpse

Denotation

Tomb A poetic term for death

Connotation

Figure 4.15 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Tomb”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

 connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―seal us in here like a tomb‖, the concept of ―a

place for the burial of a corpse‖ is signified by denotative sign ―tomb‖. In the

same time, denotative sign ―tomb‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―A

poetic term for death‖.

l. Window

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―window‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―a window is

open to us‖ which revealed on the dialogue said by Haymitch when he tells

Katniss that people in district 13 go to Capitol to rescue Peeta , the language

symbol ―window‖ has a meaning as ―a brief time period in which an

opportunity exist‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

An opening constructed
Window
in a wall, door, or roof

Denotation

Window A brief time period in

which an opportunity exists
Connotation

Figure 4.16 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Window”

 From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―a window is open to us‖, the concept of

―An opening constructed in a wall, door, or roof that functions to admit light

or air to an enclosure and is often framed and spanned with glass mounted to

permit opening and closing‖ is signified by denotative sign ―window‖. In the

same time, denotative sign ―window‖ is also connotative sign which signified

―a brief time period in which an opportunity exists‖.

m. Light

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol ―light‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―woman in

light‖, the language symbol ―light‖ has a meaning as ―in consideration of‖

(American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

 The medium of
Light illumination that makes
sight possible

Denotation

Light In consideration of

Connotation

Figure 4.17 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Light”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―woman in light‖, the concept of ―The

medium of illumination that makes sight possible‖ is signified by denotative

sign ―light‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―light‖ is also connotative sign

which signified ―In consideration of‖.

n. Horizon

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie, there is found one idiomatic expression

containing language symbol horizon‖ in dialogues reveal on The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the idiomatic expression ―New Panem is

on the horizon‖, the language symbol ―horizon‖ has a meaning as ―soon to

happen‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

The line at which the

Horizon
earth and the sky seem
to meet

Denotation

Horizon Soon to happen

Connotation

Figure 4.18 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Horizon”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

 In the idiomatic expression ―New Panem is on the horizon‖, the concept

of ―the line at which the earth and the sky seem to meet‖ is signified by

denotative sign ―horizon‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―horizon‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―soon to happen‖.

o. Soul

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie which is shown in the table above, there

is found one idiomatic expression containing language symbol ―soul‖ in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the

idiomatic expression ―Soul in this dungeon‖, the language symbol ―soul‖ has a

meaning as ―people‖ (Collins English Dictionary, 2014).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

The spirit or
Soul immaterial part of man

Denotation

Soul People

Connotation

Figure 4.19 Barthes’ sign map of symbol “Soul”

From Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of

signifier and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign.

In other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of

denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―Soul in this dungeon‖, the concept of ―the

spirit or immaterial part of man‖ is signified by denotative sign ―soul‖. In the

 same time, denotative sign ―soul‖ is also connotative sign which signified

―people‖.

p. Puppet

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie which is shown in the table above, there

is found one idiomatic expression containing language symbol ―puppet‖ in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the

idiomatic expression ―You‘re a puppet‖, the language symbol ―puppet‖ has a

meaning as ―one whose behavior is determined by the will of others‖

(American Heritage, 2013).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Fi

gure 4.20

Barthes’ sign A small doll or figure

Puppet
of a person or animal
map of symbol

“Puppet”
Denotation
F
Puppet One whose behavior is
ro determined by the will of
others
m Connotation

Ro

land Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of signifier and

signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign. In other

words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept, connotative

 sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of denotative

sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―You‘re a puppet‖, the concept of ―a small

doll or figure of a person or animal‖ is signified by denotative sign ―puppet‖. In

the same time, denotative sign ―puppet‖ is also connotative sign which signified

―people‖.

q. Face

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie which is shown in the table above, there

is found one idiomatic expression containing language symbol ―Face‖ in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the

idiomatic expression ―the face of the revolution‖, the language symbol ―Face‖

has a meaning as ―image‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

Fi

gure 4.21

Barthes’ Face Part of body

Denotation
sign map
Face Image
of symbol
Connotation
“Face”

rom Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of signifier

and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign. In other
 words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept, connotative

sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part of denotative

sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―The face of the revolution‖, the concept of

―Part of body‖ is signified by denotative sign ―face‖. In the same time,

denotative sign ―face‖ is also connotative sign which signified ―image‖.

r. Ground

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie which is shown in the table above, there

is found one idiomatic expression containing language symbol ―ground‖ in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the

idiomatic expression ―We‘re losing ground, because the people are losing

heart‖, the language symbol ―ground‖ has a meaning as ―an area that is

contested in or as if in battle‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning).

F
igure Ground The solid surface of the
4.22 earth
Barthes
’ sign Denotation
map of An area or a position that
symbol Ground
is contested in or as if in
“Groun
d” battle

Connotation
F

om Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of signifier
 and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign. In

other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part

of denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―We‘re losing ground, because the people

are losing heart‖, the concept of ―The solid surface of the earth‖ is signified by

denotative sign ―ground‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―ground‖ is also

connotative sign which signified ―An area or a position that is contested in or

as if in battle‖.

s. Heart

Based on the finding data related with the idioms containing symbol

revealed in Mockingjay part 1 movie which is shown in the table above, there

is found one idiomatic expression containing language symbol ―Heart‖ in

dialogues reveal on The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. In the

idiomatic expression ―We‘re losing ground, because the people are losing

heart‖, language symbol ―heart‖ has a meaning as ―capacity for sympathy or

generosity‖ (American Heritage, 2016).

According to Roland Barthes‘s semiotic theory, the sense of language

symbol can be discussed by using two stages of signification, that are looking

for denotative (implicit meaning) and connotative meaning (explicit meaning)

 F
igure
The chambered
4.23
muscular organ in
Barthe
s’ sign Heart vertebrates that pumps
map of blood received from the
symbol veins into the arteries
“Grou
nd”
Denotation
F
Heart Capacity for sympathy or
r generosity; compassion

Connotation
o

Roland Barthes‘ sign map above, it seen that denotative consist of signifier

and signified. In the same time denotative sign is also connotative sign. In

other words, that is the material element. In Roland Barthes‘ concept,

connotative sign isn‘t only has additional meaning but also contains two part

of denotative sign which bases it (Sobur, 2006:69).

In the idiomatic expression ―We‘re losing ground, because the people

are losing heart‖, the concept of ―The chambered muscular organ in

vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries‖ is

signified by denotative sign ―heart‖. In the same time, denotative sign ―heart‖

is also connotative sign which signified ―Capacity for sympathy or generosity;

compassion‖.

3) Implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions reveal in The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie to English language skills

The implication of idiomatic expression analysis is based on Nation (2001),

―the learning of idioms can be considered as an integral part of vocabulary learning.

Idioms can be added to the vocabulary being learned by including them in dialogues

and stories which are created to supplement regular materials‖.

Idiomatic expressions pervade English with a peculiar flavor and give it

astounding variety, bright character and color. They help language learners

understand English culture, penetrate into customs and lifestyle of the English people,

and gain a deeper insight into the English history.

One of the approaches to defining this linguistic phenomenon stresses that an

idiom is a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of the language. It

proves that only people who are very good at speaking English can adequately and to

the point use idiomatic expressions in their speech. English is a language with a vast

idiomatic basis, which makes its learning very exciting and intriguing. So grasping the

use of idioms is an essential part of learning English.

Then, the implication of semiotic analysis to English education is according to

the statement said by some experts:

For the first, there is Desmons (2005: 49) who said ―the understanding of text

in foreign language sues the reader to not only have one linguistic competence, but

also have to have competence in interpreting culture and reference topic‖.

For the second there is Erton (2006: 75) who assures the importance of

educational semiotics: ―Semiotics is a very influential and essential field of study,

because by making use of signs the learners are able to achieve a lot of information on

various fields such as, literature, art, architecture, psychology, anthropology,

philosophy, etc.‖

And the last is Lemke (1990: 184) who remarks that "social semiotics is a

theory of how people make meaning in social contexts."

 All of those statements are supported by the result of interview session toward

some lecturers of English education department. The questions in the interview were

conducted using some theories about implication of studying idiomatic expression and

also semiotic analysis which have been conducted in the paragraphs above which

completely conducted in chapter 2.

From the interview the researcher got some arguments related with the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions in the movie. The first

discussion is related with the question number 1.

What are the importances of studying idiomatic expressions in

speaking/reading/listening/writing class?

That question is conducted based on the statement from Nation (2001) that

idioms can be considered as an integral part of vocabulary learning. That statement is

supported by the various opinions of the lectures in answering this question no. 1.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of speaking subject argued that idiomatic

expressions need to be studied in speaking class. It because of when the teacher

teaches about special expression in speaking like idiomatic expression, the teacher

teaches students to use expressions which are used in British or American standard.

Idiomatic expressions in Indonesian language and in English language are different,

so the teacher has to introduce English idiomatic expressions to the students so they

will understand about those expressions when they communicate using idiomatic

expression. Mastering idiomatic expressions will increase students‘ self-confidence

and vocabulary mastery and also it will make the students learn to speak like native

speaker.
 Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecture of listening subject stated that idiomatic

expression need to be studied in listening class especially in inferential listening. The

material of inferential listening is related with the discussion of TOEFL (Test of

English Foreign Language). In the discussion of TOEFL, the study of listening is not

inferential but the study of it begins to search the meaning of the native speaker‘s

says, the meaning here can be implicit and explicit meaning. The study of listening

here often finds about idiom. So, the students have to be introduced about idioms even

there is only a little idiom appear in listening.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecture of reading subject said that idiomatic expressions

need to be studied in reading class. It is important because of the most of reading texts

contain idiomatic expression especially in authentic text. When students read the text

contain a strong culture background, they will think how that culture in their own

culture.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of writing subject argued that

idiomatic expressions need to be taught in writing class. When the students study

about writing, the use of idiomatic expression on their writing will show the

intelligence level of them. If the purpose of students is to write journal article, so it

needs to insert the idiomatic expression to explain something that hard to explain.

From those opinions, it can be concluded that idiomatic expression is needed to

be taught in English language class.

The second discussion is about the lectures‘s opinion related with the question

number 2.

How could the analysis of movie be used as media to study about idiomatic

expression?
 Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of speaking subject said that analysis

of movie can be used as media to study about idiomatic expression in speaking class.

But, in the speaking class the students do not analyze the detail of the movie, but the

students only analyze to understand the meaning of idiomatic expressions reveals in

the movie and then practice them into real conversation.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecture of listening subject stated that analysis of

movie may be used as media to study idiomatic expressions in listening class. If there

is a movie which contains many idioms, it can be used as media to study idioms in

listening class.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecture of reading subject argued that the synopsis of movie

can be used as the media in teaching reading but the analysis of movie is just to enrich

knowledge in reading class.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of writing subject stated that the

analysis of movie can be used as media to study idiomatic expressions in writing

class, but it depends on the purpose of the writing class is it for academic writing, for

essay writing, or for article journal writing. The students will see the idiomatic

expression in the movie then analyze it and apply it in their writing especially in essay

writing. The use of idiomatic expressions in writing will add a sense of the writing

product.

The third discussion is about the lectures‘ opinion related with the question

number 3.
 Why semiotic theory of Roland Barthes which explains about denotative and

connotative meaning of language symbol of it need to be studied in English language

class?

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of speaking subject said that semiotic

need to be studied because of language itself is a system of symbols. By studying

semiotic the students can search the meaning of word and can interpret the meaning of

language symbol. So they do not only know the meaning from the expression but also

from the symbol.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecture of listening subject stated that language and

culture is one package. If we only study about the language without study about the

culture, we will only know the meaning literally. Related with idiom, if we study

about idioms we also have to study about the culture related with for whom, when and

how those idiomatic expressions deliver.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecture of reading subject stated that semiotic can be used in

teaching reading. When the teacher studies about semiotic analysis, the result of it can

be taught in the reading class. Semiotic have to be studied, because the student have

to study deeper to build up the students‘ culture awareness.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of writing subject argued that

semiotics needs to be studied. Actually semiotic and idiomatic expression is two

separated science, but semiotic related with all science. Semiotic can be used to

analyze the writing product. It is also useful to knowing the background culture of the

native speaker and also to know the meaning of expressions which have been agreed

by the language communities.

 The fourth discussion is about the lectures‘ opinion related with the question

number 4.

What is the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in

movie to English language skills?

That question is conducted based on the statement from Desmons (2005: 49),

―the understanding of text in foreign language sues the reader to not only have one

linguistic competence, but also have to have competence in interpreting culture and

reference topic‖. That statement is supported by the various opinions of the lectures in

answering this question no. 4. Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of speaking

subject stated that the implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found

in movie to English language education is to enrich vocabularies, to enrich

expressions which is never heard by the students before, and also to upgrade the

students‘ speaking level so the students know when, where and with whom they have

to use those expression. Related with the movie, the students can know how to

pronounce and to use the idiomatic expression.

Puput Ariyanto, M. Pd as the lecture of listening subject stated that the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie to English

language education is we can focus to see who deliver those idioms, when the native

speaker deliver those idioms, and in what context the native speaker deliver those

idioms. So, we know the meaning of those idioms from every elements of it.

Drs. Kuncoro as the lecture of reading subject stated that the implication of

semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie to English language

education is the students will be able to understand well about idiomatic expression
from the side sight of culture. The students can take the moral value from reading text

well. The implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expression found in movie

also can make the process of study reading more colorful.

Wildan Mahir, M.A. TESL as the lecture of writing subject stated that semiotic

is one of tool that is used in analysis. When it is used to analyze the educational

movie, it will increase the knowledge about moral value and also materials related

with education.

Based on all of the result of those discussions, it can be concluded that the

implication of semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions found in the movie to

English language education are:

a. Build up the student‘s culture awareness in language learning

b. Make the students study and also understand the materials of study deeply

and the process of study become more colorful.

c. Make the student know about the meaning of idiomatic expression from

every element of it and also knowing the meaning from the side sight of

culture.
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Conclusions are drawn to answer the problem statements based on the research

concluded. The conclusions of this research are:

1. The first conclusion deals the idiomatic expressions revealed on the dialogue

spoken by the characters of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. There

are only 3 subcategories of lexemic idiom and 1 subcategory of sememic idiom

based on Makkai‘s theory. They are 4 phrasal verbs; 8 phrasal compound and 13

tournures in the category of lexemic idiom, and 1 proverbial idiom with ―moral in

the category of sememic idiom.

2. From second conclusion deals with the meaning of symbol contained on idiomatic

expressions revealed on the dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger

Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. From 28 idiomatic expressions revealed on the

dialogue spoken by the characters of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1

movie, there are 24 idiomatic expression contained symbol such as: fire, dark,

lightning rod, heart, ground, ear, beating heart, a little light, red, window, horizon,

soul, puppet, come, eyes, face, light, dead, and tomb. The meaning of those

symbols contained on idiomatic expressions are different from those real meaning.

3. The third conclusion deals with the implication of idiomatic expression analysis in

The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie using semiotic approach toward

English education. Semiotic analysis of idiomatic expressions in the movie has

some implications to English education, such as build up the student‘s culture

awareness in language learning; make the students study and also understand the
 materials of study deeply and the process of study become more colorful; make

the student know about the meaning of idiomatic expression from every element

of it and also knowing the meaning from the side sight of culture.

B. Suggestion

Based on the data analysis and conclusion, some suggestions can be presented as

follows:

1. English language teacher should introduce idiomatic expressions to students,

so the students become familiar with this kind of expressions. The movie

media can be used, but the teacher should learn deeply about the content of

the movie which wants to use as media of learning idiomatic expression.

2. English language student should learn about idiomatic expressions, so they

are not confused when they find some idiomatic expressions in listening

track or reading text.

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 Appendix 1

o Kinds of Idiomatic Semiotic analysis

Dialogue using Idiomatic Idiomatic Expressions Symbol Meaning

Expert
Expressions expression
Explanation Denotative Connotative

1 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:19,088 Girl on fire Phrasal compound: Fire A woman with Ignite/ ablaze Filled with
Idiom which is high enthusiasm (terbakar) enthusiasm
Plutrach: There she is. Our composed by or
Girl on Fire. compound nouns excitement
Madam President, (dipenuhi
may I present you with The dengan
Mockingjay. semangat)
Alma Coin: What an honour it
is to meet you.
You're a courageous young
woman.
I know how disorienting this
must be.
And I can't imagine what it's
like to live
through the atrocities of those
Games.

2 00:06:33,440 --> 00:07:22,851 stoke the Tournures: Idiom Fire Ignite the Something Enthusiasm
fire of which structures enthusiasm of burning or
Plutrach: Katniss, here's what rebellion each made up of a rebellion (sesuatu yang excitement
we need to do. verb plus at least membakar) (semangat)
We need to show them that two lexons
The Mockingjay's alive and
well
and willing to stand up
and join this fight.
'Cause we need every district
to stand up to this Capitol.
The way you did.
So we're gonna shoot
 a series of propaganda clips,
propos, I like to call them,
on The Mockingjay.
Spreads the word
that we're gonna stoke
the fire of this rebellion.
The fire that The Mockingjay
started.
Katniss: You left him there.
You left Peeta in that arena to
die.
Plutrach: Katniss, there are so
many...
Katniss: Peeta was the one
who was supposed to live.
Alma Coin: Miss Everdeen.
This revolution is about
everyone.
It's about all of us.
And we need a voice.

3 00:07:52,520 --> 00:08:34,649 a lightning Phrasal compound: Lightnin Someone who A grounded One that
rod. Idiom which is g rod attracts criticism metal rod attracts
Alma Coin: She knows who composed by placed high criticism,
the enemy is. compound nouns on a structure often in such
That's not the issue. to prevent a way that
Plutrach: Unless she's damage by criticism is
forgotten. conducting diverted
There's explaining and there's lightning to from
showing. the ground something
Let her see what the Capitol (batang metal else
did to 12. yang /Someone
Alma Coin: She can't handle ditempatkan who takes
it. di bagian all the blame
The Games destroyed her. tertinggi dari for a
Plutrach: This is the only suatu situation,
choice you have. bangunan although
People don't always show up untuk other people
the way mencegah are
you want them to, Madam kerusakan responsible
 President. yang too.
But that anger, that anger- diakibatkan ( Seseorang
driven defiance, oleh aliran yang
that's what we want. petir ke memicu
And we can redirect it. tanah) kritik, sering
We need to unite these people kali kritik
out there tersebut
that have been doing nothing merupakan
but killing pengalihan
each other in an arena for dari sesuatu
years. yang lain/
We have to have a lightning Seseorang
rod. yang
They'll follow her. bertanggung
She's the face of the revolution. jawab atas
Let her see it. Let her go home. sesuatu,
meskipun
ada orang
lain yang
bertanggung
jawab juga)

4 00:07:52,520 --> 00:08:38,761 the face of Phrasal compound: Face Someone who Part of body Image
the Idiom which is become the (bagian (citra)
Alma Coin: She knows who revolution. composed by image of tubuh)
the enemy is. compound nouns revolution.
That's not the issue.
Plutrach: Unless she's
forgotten.
There's explaining and there's
showing.
Let her see what the Capitol
did to 12.
Alma Coin: She can't handle
it.
The Games destroyed her.
Plutrach: This is the only
choice you have.
People don't always show up
the way
 you want them to, Madam
President.
But that anger, that anger-
driven defiance,
that's what we want.
And we can redirect it.
We need to unite these people
out there
that have been doing nothing
but killing
each other in an arena for
years.
We have to have a lightning
rod.
They'll follow her.
She's the face of the
revolution.
Let her see it. Let her go home.
Alma Coin: Send her.

5 00:10:12,200 --> 00:10:28,808 have our Tournures: Idiom Eyes Monitoring An organ of To watch/ to
eyes on you which structures someone from sight monitor
Gale: 13 swept everything, top each made up of a the distance (organ (untuk
to bottom verb plus at least penglihatan) mengawasi)
so you'd be safe. two lexons
You sure you don't
want me to go with you?
Katniss: Yeah. I'm sure.
Gale: We'll have our eyes on
you from above.

6 00:15:52,320 --> 00:16:17,401 the Dark Phrasal compound: Dark The dull time Days without The dull
Days Idiom which is any light time
President Snow: Otherwise composed by (hari yang (masa
we're breaking my oldest rule. compound nouns gelap) kelam)
Never let them see you bleed. and adjectives
Citizens,
tonight I address all of Panem
as one.
Since the Dark Days,
 Panem has had an
unprecedented era of peace …
7 00:16:44,200 --> 00:17:11,080 the beating Phrasal compound: Beating The vital The general Vital
heart of Idiom which is heart unifying force of nature of unifying
President Snow: … It is a Panem composed by the Panem heart‘s force
contract. compound nouns contraction (Pusat
Each district supplies the (sifat alami pertahanan)
Capitol. dari susunan
Like blood to a heart. jantung)
In return, the Capitol provides
order and security.
To refuse work
is to put the entire system in
danger.
The Capitol is the beating
heart of Panem.
Nothing can survive without a
heart …

8 00:19:36,480 --> 00:20:24,601 to shed a Tournures: Idiom A little Giving some A minor light Explanation
little light which structures light explanation (cahaya (penjelasan)
Caesar Flickerman: Hello. on the each made up of a about the thing minim)
Good evening. subject verb plus at least really happen
And a big welcome to all in two lexons
Panem.
I'm Caesar Flickerman. And
whoever
you are, whatever it is you're
doing,
if you're working, put down
your work. If
you're having dinner, stop
having dinner.
Because you are going to want
to witness this tonight.
There has been rampant
speculation about
what really happened in the
Quarter Quell.
And here to shed a little light
 on the
subject for us is a very special
guest.
Please welcome Mr. Peeta
Mellark.
Peeta, a lot of people
feel as though they are in the
dark.
Peeta: Yeah, I know how they
feel.
Caesar Flickerman: Now, so
set the stage for us.
Talk us through what really
happened
on that final and controversial
night.

9 00:20:09,360 --> 00:20:32,971 they are in Phrasal compound: Dark A lot of people Lacking or In a state of
the dark Idiom which is feel in the state having very ignorance
Caesar Flickerman: … Peeta, composed by of ignorance little light (dalam
a lot of people compound nouns (kurang atau keadaan
feel as though they are in the mendapat tidak
dark. sedikit dipedulikan)
Peeta: Yeah, I know how they cahaya)
feel.
Caesar Flickerman: Now, so
set the stage for us.
Talk us through what really
happened
on that final and controversial
night.
Peeta: Well, first off, you have
to understand
that when you're in the Games
you only get one wish. It's very
costly.
0 00:27:04,200 --> 00:28:00,003 We‘re Proverbial idiom Ground We lose because The solid An area or a
losing with a ―moral‖: of there is no one surface of the position that
Katniss: The Victors will be ground, Idiom which formed who is earth is contested
granted immunity. because the as well-recognized dependable (permukaan in or as if in
 And you will announce that people are proverbs in a bumi) battle
in front of the entire population losing language (arena
of 13. heart. peperangan)
You will hold yourself
and your government Heart The Capacity for
responsible chambered sympathy or
or you will find another muscular generosity;
Mockingjay. organ in compassion
Plutrach: That's it. That's her. vertebrates (rasa simpati
Right there. that pumps atau
Isn't that who I promised you? blood kedermawaa
She wears the costume. received from ; rasa
Gunfire in the background. the veins into kasihan)
A hint of smoke. the arteries,
Our Mockingjay. thereby
Madam President, we're losing maintaining
ground, the flow of
because the people are losing blood through
heart. the entire
This is worth the risk. circulatory
She's worth the risk. system
Pardons, tribunals. Power of (organ bilik
the people. berotot pada
It can all be the bedrock makhluk
of the new Panem, but, bertulang
in wartime I think even the belakang
noblest of yang
causes can be bent a little bit. berfungsi
Right? untuk
Alma Coin: Do you have any memompa
other conditions? darah yang
Katniss: My sister gets to keep diterima dari
her cat. pembuluh
vena ke
pembuluh
arteri)
1 00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:54,160 Burn out Phrasal verb: Idiom Losing
which structures enthusiasm
Plutrach: Miss Trinket, you each consisting of a
see this door. verb plus one or two
 It opens. From the inside. particles
I've told you, these are the
standard
living quarters. Same as
everyone.
You're not a prisoner.
You're free to join the rest of
13.
Effie Trinket: Not looking like
this.
Thank you very much.
Plutrach: We have a bigger
issue
than wardrobe, Effie.
Katniss has agreed to be The
Mockingjay.
Effie Trinker: That poor thing.
Plutrach: And your Girl on
Fire is burnt out.

2 00:43:43,680 --> 00:44:20,081 Come up Phrasal verb: Idiom Come Suggest or think To move Suggest or
with which structures of an idea or plan towards a think
Commander Paylor: Well, each consisting of a specific (saran atau
we've got plenty of those. verb plus one or two person or pemikiran)
We have a mass grave particles place
a few blocks west, but, (Berpindah
I can't spare the manpower ke orang atau
to move them yet. tempat
Hospital's past that curtain. tertentu)
Any hope you can give them,
it's worth it. I‘m all ears. Phrasal compound : Ears Hear about the organ of Acutely
The Capitol's done everything idiom composed by something hearing attentive
they can to break us. compound noun. (organ (benar-benar
Bogss: Aren't you worried pendengaran) memperhati
about having kan)
all your wounded in one place?
Commander Paylor: I think
it's better
than leaving them to die.
Bogss: That's not what I meant.
 Commander Paylor: Well,
that's my only other option.
If you can come up with
another,
I'm all ears.

3 00:50:55,640 --> 00:52:13,771 Fire is Tournures: Idiom Fire The war is Something The act of
catching which structures declared burning firing
Cressida: Katniss? each made up of a (sesuatu yang weapons or
Katniss, can you tell everyone verb plus at least membakar) artillery at
what you're seeing right now? two lexons an enemy
Katniss, what do you wanna (aksi
say? penembakan
Katniss: I want the rebels atau
to know that I'm alive. mengebom
That I'm in District 8 musuh)
where the Capitol just bombed
a hospital
filled with unarmed men,
women and children.
And there will be no survivors.
If you think for one second that
the Capitol will ever treat us
fairly
you are lying to yourselves.
Because we know who they are
and what they do.
This is what they do!
And we must fight back.
I have a message for President
Snow.
You can torture us and bomb
us
and burn our districts to the
ground.
But do you see that?
Fire is catching. And if we
burn, you burn with us!

4 01:05:37,440 --> 01:06:34,164 to be dead Tournures: Idiom Dead Really hard to Having lost Unable to
 to forget which structures forget life (Tidak
Gale: This is where you kissed that. each made up of a (kehilangan mampu)
me. verb plus at least nyawa)
Katniss: I didn't think you two lexons
remembered that.
Gale: I'd have to be dead to
forget that.
Maybe not even then.
I knew you'd do that.
Katniss: How? I didn't.
Gale: 'Cause I'm in pain.
That's the only way
that I can get your attention.
Don't worry, Katniss. It'll pass.
5 01:14:56,840 --> 01:15:33,007 a code red Phrasal compound: Red Emergency alert The colour Denoting the
alert. Idiom which with the higest red highest
District 13’s Operator: composed by degree (warna degree of
Proceed to your nearest compound nouns merah) urgency in
stairwell and adjectives an
and descend to level 40. emergency
Blast doors will be (menandaka
sealed in six minutes. n tingkat
This is a code red alert. bahaya yang
Please, paling
remain calm and begin tinggi)
evacuation protocol.
Proceed in an orderly fashion
to your
nearest stairwell and descend to
level 40.
District 13’s commander:
Madam President, three Capitol
squadrons just entered our
airspace.
Alma Coin: How much time
do we have?
District 13’s commander:
They're a few seconds from
range.
Alma Coin: Prepare to
 scramble the fleet.
District 13’s command
officer: Copy that.
6 01:19:44,360 --> 01:19:59,046 seal us in Tournures: Idiom Tomb Being attacked A place for A poetic
here like a which structures without able to the burial of a term for
Alma Coin: Conceal all tomb. each made up of a revenge corpse death
remaining verb plus at least
anti-aircraft guns. two lexons
Seal launching pads
and ventilation corridors.
We are gonna wait this out.
This is what we're built for.
Plutrach: They'll seal us in
here like a tomb.
Alma Coin: The Capitol's
working off
some outdated information.
I'd rather not update it for them.

7 01:28:29,880 --> 01:28:57,211 A window Tournures: Idiom Window There is an An opening A brief time
Haymitch: Okay, but I meant is open to which structures opportunity for constructed in period in
what I said. us. each made up of a us a wall, door, which an
Look, the reason I'm here verb plus at least or roof that opportunity
is to let you know two lexons functions to exists
they're rescuing Peeta. admit light or (waktu
Katniss: What? air to an dimana
Haymitch: The dam went enclosure and suatu
down in District 5, is often kesempatan
took out most of the power to framed and datang)
the Capitol. spanned with
Knocked out their signal glass
defence. mounted to
Betee's inside their system permit
now, opening and
wreaking all kinds of havoc. closing
A window is open to us. ( Ruang
How much longer? I don't terbuka di
know. tembok,
I guess until the Capitol pintu, atau
can get the power back on. atap yang
 berfungsi
untuk ruang
masuk cahaya
atau udara ke
permukaan
dan sering
dibingkai dan
direntangkan
dengan kaca
yang bisa
dibuka dan
ditutup)
8 01:28:57,280 --> 01:29:25,610 woman in Phrasal compound: light The woman who The medium In
light Idiom which leaded the of consideratio
Katniss: And President Alma composed by Panem illumination n of
Coin? compound nouns that makes (yang
Haymitch: You know, I can and adjectives sight possible berkuasa)
never fully support (media
that woman in light of the... penerangan
prohibition they have yang
going on around this place, memungkink
but... an untuk
Plutarch got word that Peeta melihat)
and
the others are in the Tribute
Centre.
And with the power out,
Alma Coin sees this as an
opportunity.
She knows that Peeta is the
Capitol's
weapon. The same way you're
ours.
And as opposed to having you
two
pointing at each other,
she's going to get him.

9 01:47:41,400 --> 01:50:09,083 new Panem Phrasal compound: Horizon New panem is The line at Soon to
is on the Idiom which soon to happen which the happen
 Alma Coin: Good evening. horizon. composed by earth and the (segera
Yesterday, I authorized a compound nouns sky seem to terwujud)
covert and adjectives meet
rescue mission inside the (garis dimana
Capitol. bumi dan
I am pleased to announce langit terlihat
that the Victors have been seperti
liberated! bertemu)
Let this day mark an historic
change.
With The Mockingjay
and the Victors beside us,
we have sent a clear message
to the Capitol.
That we will never again
endure injustice.
Today, a day on which
we reunited family,
friends, and loved ones.
Let all of Panem come
together.
Not to battle for the amusement
of the Capitol.
But to join hands in this fight.
Let today be the day we
promise
never to give up,
never to give in
until we have made a new
Panem,
where leaders are elected,
not imposed upon us.
And where the districts are free
to share the fruits of their
labours
and not fight one another for
scraps!
This new Panem is on the
horizon.
But we must take it for
 ourselves.
The road there leads through
the sharp mountains
and deep ravines of District 2.
There in the heart of Panem's
steepest mountain range
lies the Capitol's principal
military facility.
We can conquer this stronghold
because we are one people,
one army, one voice.
Because today is our new
beginning.
Today we have freed the
Victors.
Tomorrow, Panem!

0 00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:49,086 soul in this Phrasal compound: Soul People in the The spirit or People
dungeon Idiom which bunker immaterial (manusia)
Plutrach: Miss Trinket, your composed by part of man
days compound nouns (nyawa atau
in the Capitol are over, and adjectives bagian tak
no matter what happens here. berwujud dari
If you wanna play manusia)
a prisoner of war, fine.
Stay here and rot. I'll find
someone
else to be The Mockingjay's
escort.
Effie Trinket: Who?
Plutrach: Anyone can be
replaced.
Effie Trinket: Not your
Mockingjay.
There isn't a soul in this
dungeon
who knows the first thing about
Katniss.
You honestly believe one of
these cave
 dwellers is going to take my
place?
No.

1 00:31:43,800 --> 00:32:00,161 They‘re a Phrasal compound: A tender The revolution Fragile fire Vulnerable
tender Idiom which flame still has a weak (api yang or sensitive
Plutrach: Madam President, flame composed by spirit, so they mudah redup) to frost the
may I say you are so very... compound nouns have to be given spirit
concise. and adjectives some kindness (semangat
Alma Coin: You believe that and space yang mudah
there's more to be said? redup)
Plutrach: May I speak freely?
Alma Coin: You don't appear
to do anything else.
Plutrach: I'm only talking
about salesmanship.
The thing with revolutions,
they're a tender flame.
They need to be nurtured
with
a little kindling and warmth.
Bit of oxygen.

2 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:33,162 break Phrasal verb: Idiom Penetrate the

through. which structures system
Katniss: What about Peeta? Is each consisting of a (meretas system)
he alive? verb plus one or two
Plutrach: I don't know. And I particles
wish that I did.
But there's no way for me to
contact
my operatives inside the
Capitol.
Betee: The Capitol has always
suppressed
communication between the
districts.
But I know their system very
well.
I managed to break through.
 All we need now is the perfect
message.

3 00:07:44,560 --> 00:08:34,649 show up Phrasal verb: Idiom Agreed

which structures (menyetujui)
Alma Coin: This is not the girl each consisting of a
you described. verb plus one or two
Plutrach: Obviously, we need particles
to make it personal.
Remind her who the real
enemy is.
Alma Coin: She knows who
the enemy is.
That's not the issue.
Plutrach: Unless she's
forgotten.
There's explaining and there's
showing.
Let her see what the Capitol
did to 12.
Alma Coin: She can't handle
it.
The Games destroyed her.
Plutrach: This is the only
choice you have.
People don't always show up
the way
you want them to, Madam
President.
But that anger, that anger-
driven defiance,
that's what we want.
And we can redirect it.
We need to unite these people
out there
that have been doing nothing
but killing
each other in an arena for
years.
We have to have a lightning
 rod.
They'll follow her.
She's the face of the revolution.
Let her see it. Let her go home.
4 00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:52,200 You‘re a Phrasal compound: Puppet Someone whose A small doll One whose
Caesar Flickerman: Are you puppet. Idiom which behavior is or figure of a behavior is
calling for a ceasefire? composed by determined by person or determined
Peeta: Yeah. I am. compound nouns Capitol animal by the will
District 13’s Civilian: You're and adjectives (boneka kecil of others
a puppet! yang (seseorang
Hang him! berbentuk yang
Peeta: I want everyone to stop manusia atau perilakunya
the senseless violence. hewan) ditentukan
Peeta: This is not the path to oleh
change. keinginan
District 13’s Civilian: Traitor! orang lain)

5 00:28:51,680 --> 00:29:03,491 drying out Phrasal verb: Idiom stop being
Plutrach: And your Girl on which structures dependent on
Fire is burnt out. each consisting of a alcohol
I need you to join this team verb plus one or two
now. particles
I need someone she trusts.
Effie Trinket: What about
Haymitch?
He's drying out in some
facility a mile down.

6 00:47:46,800 --> 00:47:53,402 be tattooed Tournures: Idiom Eyes Make them feel An organ of Full
on their which structures touched vision attentive
Gale: Your mom's gonna be eyes each made up of a (organ (benar-benar
proud of you verb plus at least penglihatan) memperhati
when she sees the footage. two lexons kan)
Will this play in the districts?
Cressida: It'll be tattooed on
their eyes.

7 01:43:29,480 --> 01:44:13,126 wearing off Phrasal verb: Idiom Faded

Katniss: Gale! which structures
Are you okay? each consisting of a
 Gale: What? What is it? verb plus one or two
I don't get it. Every gun was particles
back online
and on us and we flew right
past them.
They let us go.
He's in there.
The gas we used on the District
13‘s Guards knocked
him out, too, but it's wearing
off now.
You should be there when he
wakes up.
Katniss: Thank you.
Thank you.

Total 27 24

E
xpe
rt
Jud
gm
ent
_______________________________
Appendix 2: The Synopsis of The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part
1
Movie

Synopsis of The Hunger Games: The Mockingjay part 1

After being rescued from the destroyed arena in the 75th Hunger
Games, Katniss Everdeen, along with fellow tributes Beetee and
FinnickOdair, are taken to District 13, now an underground district
isolated from Panem that has been spearheading the rebellion. There she
is reunited with her mother and sister Prim. While recuperating, she is
introduced to President Alma Coin, the rebel leader, and is told that her
actions in the arena sparked riots and strikes against the Capitol. Coin
asks her to become the "Mockingjay"—the symbol of the rebellion—as
part of their "hearts and minds" strategy but Katniss declines. After
seeing how Peeta is being manipulated by Capitol state television to
quell the rebellion, Katniss reluctantly agrees to become Coin's
Mockingjay on the condition that Peeta and the other captured victors
will be rescued and pardoned at the earliest opportunity.
After Haymitch notes that Katniss thrives on spontaneity, she meets
her movie team (led by Capitol escapee Cressida), is dressed up in a
specially-designed outfit, and is given Effie Trinket as a stylist and close
friend Gale as a bodyguard. They go out to District 8 to visit a hospital,
but as the visit concludes, a Capitol bombing squadron arrives and
bombs the hospital, killing everyone inside. In her rage, Katniss gives a
rousing speech to the camera, which is broadcast when Beetee hijacks
the Capitol's news feed. After it is broadcast, strikers in District 7 kill an
entire team of Peacekeepers with hidden land mines, with them climbing
trees to safety.
After seeing a weakened Peeta on a TV propo (propaganda shots)
the team returned to District 12, where Gale reports on District 12's
destruction; Katniss is movieed singing "The Hanging Tree". Soon after,
hundreds of protesters in District 5, singing the same anthem, launch a
suicidal human wave attack against a hydroelectric dam that is the

clxxxii
Capitol's primary source of electricity. The attack destroys the dam, and
causes a power cut in the Capitol, forcing the Capitol to revert to backup
power generators and weakening their ability to broadcast propaganda.
That night, Katniss watches Peeta being interviewed by Caesar
Flickerman, the Games' former presenter when Coin and Beetee hijack
the signal to air a clip of Katniss. After seeing it, Peeta shouts a warning
that the Capitol is about to attack District 13. Coin orders a mass
evacuation into deep underground shelters and the facility survives the
attack unharmed. Upon emerging, Katniss discovers the area littered
with white roses and realizes President Snow sent them to taunt her, and
presumes that he will kill Peeta. As Peeta's warning gave the District an
additional eight minutes evacuation time, Coin dispatches an elite
Special Forces team, which includes Gale, to rescue him, along with
Johanna Mason, and Annie Cresta, the remaining Victors, from their
prison in the Capitol's Tribute center. Finnick distracts the Capitol by
narrating a propo revealing of how he had been forced by Snow to sell
himself for the Capitol, like other attractive tributes. Despite Snow
taunting Katniss of his awareness of the rescue, it is successful with
surprisingly minimum opposition from Capital, indicating that they have
reduced the security on purpose. When Katniss goes to greet Peeta, he
unexpectedly attacks and strangles her into unconsciousness, before
being knocked unconscious himself by Boggs.
Katniss wakes up in the medical facility, and is informed that Peeta
has been "hijacked" — a form of physical/mental torture in which he is
brainwashed into wanting to kill Katniss by associating memories of her
with the psychological terror created by tracker jacker venom which
explains why the Capitol allowed Boggs's team to escape. Peeta is
restrained to a bed and placed in solitary confinement, while a serum is
being developed to reverse the hijacking effects. Meanwhile, Coin
announces that the Victors have been rescued; their next objective is the
Capitol's principal military stronghold in the ravines on District 2. (Cited
from
Http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay_%E2
% 093_Part_1 )

clxxxiii
 Appendix 3: Script structured interview toward English teaching department lecturer

TRANSCIPT OF STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

This structure interview is done toward some lecturers of English teaching department
in IAIN Surakarta. Structure interview did with questions draft or interview directive. These
are the following information that collected,

Interview with Mr. wildan, the lecture of speaking subject

Researcher: Bisa kita mulai pak?

Mr. Wildan: Iya

Researcher: Sebelumnya saya ucapkan terimakasih sudh diberikan kesempatan untuk

mewawancarai bapak

Mr. Wildan: Iya sama-sama, siapa nama lengkapmu?

Researcher: Nama saya Citra Dewi Aryum Sari, mahasiswa semester 8.

Nah, ini kan skripsi saya membahas tentang idiomatic expression, analisis
semiotic terhadap idiomatic expression di dalam film Mockingjay

Mr. Wildan: Film apa?

Researcher: Film Mockingjay, bapak pernah lihat film ini pak?

Mr. Wildan: Sudah pernah baca sinopsisnya, tapi kalau filmnya belum

Researcher: Oh ya, sebelumnya saya mau bertanya mengenai idiom. Apakah idiomatic
expression itu perlu diajarkan dalam kelas speaking?

Mr. Wildan: Iya, perlu. Jadi, ketika kita mengajarkan speaking ini selain ungkapan-ungkapan
khusus jadi ya seperti idiomatic expression ini juga penting karena nanti untuk
melatih agar mereka terbiasa dengan menggunakan bahasa-bahasa yang pada
umumnya digunakan dengan standar british maupun American.

Kan idiomatic expression di bahasa inggris dan di bahasa Indonesia itu berbeda
dan kita harus mengenalkannya pada mereka agar nanti ketika berkomunikasi
mereka paham betul. tidak hanya secara litera. I‘m on your side misalnya , ya
seperti itu jadi nanti mereka terbiasa mengucapkan idiomatic expression ini

clxxxiv
 untuk menambah rasa percaya diri dalam percakapan, kemudian untuk
menambah perbendaharaan kata, kemudian untuk membuat speaking mereka ini
memang sesuai dengan standar dari penutur asli berbahasa inggris itu.

Researcher: Iya, terus kan banyak ya pak idiomatic expression yang biasa muncul di film,
contohnya seperti yang muncul di film Mockingjay tadi.

Mr. Wildan: Ya, apa itu? Contohnya kayak apa coba?

Researcher: Umpamanya, the fire is catching, terus ada lagi stoke the fire of rebellion. Nah,
apakah analisis idiom dalam film itu bisa dijadikan media untuk belajar idiom di
kelas speaking.

Mr. Wildan: Ya, bisa. Tapi kita tidak menganalisa secara detail, langsung menganalisis dan
menggunakannya. Jadi, kita mengetahui makna idiom tersebut kemudian
langsung menggunakannya ketika berinteraksi atau bercakap-cakap. Misalkan
ya, I go along with you, ini kan bukan berarti ‗saya berjalan di belakangmu‘
tapi ‗saya sependapat denganmu‘

Interview with Mr. Puput, the lecture of listening subject

Researcher: Pertama-tama terima kasih ya pak sudah diberikan kesempatan untuk

mewawancarai bapak. Ini kan thesis saya membahas tentang semiotic analysis
pada idiomatic expression dalam film Mockingjay. Disini saya mau
mewawancarai bapak guna mencari data berkaitan dengan implikasi semiotic
analysis pada idiomatic expression ke dalam kelas listening dan berhubungan
dengan listening skill.

Pertanyaan pertama yang saya mau tanyakan pada bapak, apakah idiomatic
expression itu perlu dipelajari dalam listening?

Mr. Puput: Ok, sebelum saya jawab tolong jelaskan dulu semiotic idiomatic itu yang seperti
apa?

Researcher: Kalau yang idiomatic itu dulu ya pak. Idiomatic expression itu adalah ungkapan
yang mengandung idioim. Sedangkan semiotic, semiotic itu adalah ilmu yang
mempelajari tentang makna tanda atau symbol. Nah, di thesis saya ini

clxxxv
 menggunakan teori semiotic Roland Barthes yang mana nanti menganalisis
makna dari symbol itu dengan mencari makna denotative dan konotatifnya,
makna langsung dan tidak langsung.

Mr. Puput: Jadi itu verbal ya?

Researcher: Iya

Mr. Puput: Tentang symbol yang katakanlah kayak yang di jalan itu, bukan ya?

Researcher: Iya, bukan

Mr. Puput: Berarti idiom kan itu?

Researcher: Iya, idiom pak

Mr. Pu[ut: Kamu tadi Tanya gimana? Apakah idiomatic expression perlu dipelajari?

Researcher: Iya, apakah idiomatic expression perlu dipelajari atau tidak begitu?

Mr. Puput: Ok, kebetulan yang saya ampu di semester ini kan inferential listening. Nah,
inferential listening berdasarkan kurrikulum yang ada klo dulu kan semester 3
sekarang semester 2, nah begitu juga materi yang diajarkan disitu juga ikut
turun. Dulu kan masih literal listening itu masih mempelajari listening biasa
kalau sekarang itu di inferential listening kita sudah masuk ke TOEFL, nah di
TOEFL itu kan pada dasarnya sudah bukan inferential listening lagi jadi kita
sudah mulai berimplikasi pada mencari makna dari si penutur. Artinya bisa
jadi makna itu makna yang sebenarnya atau makna dengan menggunakan
ungkapan lain, dengan kata lain disitu akan muncul seperti idiom, nah idiom
itu dipelajari pada 2 skill yaitu skill 11 sdan 12. Jadi, penting bagi mereka
untuk mempelajari idiom meskipun nanti yang muncul dalam ujian atau
akademiknya tidak begitu banyak tapi harus tetap dipelajari.

Researcher: Oh iya pak, idiom kan terkadang juga sering muncul di film barat ya, contohnya
seperyti yang sya analisis tadi film Mockingjay. Apakah analisis film itu bisa
dijadikan media untuk belajar tentang idiom?

Mr. Puput: Analisisnya? Atau filmnya?

Researcher: Analisisnya. Jadi kan nanti menganalisis isinya teus menganalisis idiomnya

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Mr. Puput: Bisa jadi, kan taruhlah kita mempelajari tentang idiom. Kalau selama ini saya
hanya menggunakan basic atau sumber belajarnya satu buku, kalau misalkan
taruhlah nanti ada dari salah satu film atau apa yang mengandung idiom dan
bisa kita masukkan ke dalam pembelajaran ya tidak apa-apa. Tapi selama ini
belum saya coba

Researcher: Tapi kemungkina bisa ya pak?

Mr. Puput: Bisa, bisa saja

Researcher: Terus, idiom itu kan juga berkaitan dengan budaya dari penuturnya ya pak. Nah
berkaitan dengan budayanya kan nanti bisa dianalisis dengan semiotic,
menurut bapak apakah analisis semiotic pada idiomatic expression itu bisa
diaplikasikan dalam listening?

Mr. Puput: Bisa, kalau bahasa itu kan mesti sudah sepaket dengan budayanya, kalau kita
belajar bahasa tanpa mempelajari budayanya itu artinya kita hanya bisa
mengetahui makna secara literal saja tanpa mengetahui makna secara
explisitnya itu apa. Nah begitu juga dengan idiom, itu kan mesti sepaket
dengan kulturnya. Untuk belajar idiom pasti kita harus tahu kulturnya seperti
apa, konteks penggunaanya seperti apa, dan kapan penggunaanya.

Researcher: Jadi, seperti itu. Tadi kan sudah membahas mengenai idiom terus tentang
semiotic terus untuk yang terakhir pak, menurut bapak implikasi dari semiotic
analysis pada idiomatic expression di film itu apa ya pak?

Mr. Puput: Kalau menurut saya ya berarti kita bukan hanya.. kalau saya nonton film kan tidak
memperhatikan, jadi kalau sudah punya dasar seperti itu nanti kita bisa focus
kita bisa melihat kapan si penutur itu mengucapkan idiom itu, kemudian
konteksnya seperti apa, kemudian siapa yang ngomong sehingga ketika kita
mencoba menggunakan idiom tersebut itu tidak meleset dari bagaimana si
penutur asli menggunakan idiom tersebut seperti apa. Tenang semiotic, itu
memang penting untuk kita masukkan untuk menganalisis secara tepat dan
mencari makna secara tepat dari idiom tersebut.

Researcher: Iya pak, saya rasa cukup sekian untuk sesi wawancara hari ini. Terimakasih pak
untuk waktunya.

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Mr. Puput: Ok

Interview with Mr. Kuncoro, the lecture of reading subject

Researcher: Selamat siang bapak. Saya Citra, mahasiswa PBI semester 8. Disini saya menulis
skripsi mengenai analisis semiotic terhadap idiomatic expression yang terdapat
di film Mockingjay dan untuk mencari implikasi dari analisis tersebut dalam
pendidikan bahasa inggris saya mau menanyakan beberapa pertanyaan.

Mr. Kuncoro: Ya, silahkan. Pertanyaan pertamanya apa?

Researcher: Apakah idiomatic expression itu perlu diajarkan di kelas reading?

Mr. Kuncoro: Perlu, penting itu. Karena reading itu, teks-teks reading itu contentnya ada
muatan budayanya apalagi kalau itu autentik teks. Kalau autentik teks pasti
ada mutan budayanya. Ketika siswa membaca sebuah teks yang seperti teks
autentik tadi, yang muatan budayanya kuat siswa pasti berpikir budaya di teks
ini bagaimana jika di budaya saya. Jadi penting siswa untuk tau mengenai
idiomtic expression

Researcher: Terus ini kan thesis saya tentang analisis film ya pak, nah apakah analisis film itu
dapat digunakan untuk media pembelajaran reading khusunya pembelajaran
idiom di kelas reading?

Mr. Kuncoro: Hasil analisisnya?

Reseacher: Iya

Mr. Kuncoro: Kalau teks transkripnya masih bisa, kalau hasil analisisnya bisanya kalau
menurut pendapat saya ya hasil analisisnya hanya untuk memperkaya
pengetahuan saja. Kalau transkipnya masih bisa digunakan untuk media
pembelajaran, tapi kalau hasil analisisnya hanya untuk menambah wawasan
saja.

Researcher: Berarti tekstualnya gitu ya pak:?

Mr. Kuncoro: Iya

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Researcher: Terus, berhubungan dengan semiotic, kan semiotic juga berhubunngan dengan
pembelajaran budaya ya pak. Apakah anaisis semiotic pada idiomatic
expression itu bisa diterapkan dalam pembelajaran reading?

Mr. Kuncoro: Bisa, ya pertanyaannya hamper sama dengan pertanyaan nomor satu tadi. Kan
pertanyaannya tadi apa? Apakah hasil analisisnya bisa digunakan untuk media
pembelajaran?

Researcher: Iya, begitu pak

Mr. Kuncoro: Iya bisa, karena ketika orang menganalisis dan ketemu hasil analisisnya seperti
apa, lalu disampaikan di pembelajaran reading ya bisa saja.

Researcher: Terus, menurut bapak implikasi dari analisis semiotic pada idiomatic expression
pada pengajaran reading itu apa?

Mr. Kuncoro: Jadi implikasinya dalam pembelajaran bahasa ya maupun dalam pembelajaran
reading, siswa akan lebih bisa memahami lebih baik terhadap idiomatic
expression dari kaca mata budaya yang berbeda. Jadi mereka bisa
membandingkan, mengambil nilai-nilainya dan membandingkan dengan
budayanya. Jadi bagi siswa, dalam kegiatan belajarnya dapat menstimulasi
suasana kelas menjadi lebih berwarna. Misalnya ekspresi-ekspresi tertentu
dalam bahasa inggris, itu kan bisa menstimulasi proses belajar bahasa siswa
meskipun yang merasakan hanya beberapa siswa saja. Jadi itu bisa menstimulit
belajar bahasa inggrisnya siswa dengan baik.

Researcher: Semiotic tadi kan berkaitan dengan budaya ya pak, apakah daam pembelajaran
reading siswa perlu belajar mengenai background budaya dari bahasa itu
sendiri. Seperti pada idiom, misalnya catching fire, kata ‗fire‘ itu kana da
makna denotative dan konotatifnya ya pak ya. Arti denotatifnya ‗api‘ kalau arti
konotatifnya ‗semangat‘. Nah, apakah siswa perlu tau background budaya
mengapa ‗fire‘ itu disimbolkan sebagai semangat atau keberanian seperti itu?

Mr. Kuncoro: Menurut saya itu perlu untuk mengetahui secara untuh, belajar itu harus
berkualitas. Jadi itu perlu, yang penting jangan sampai hanya mempelajari
khusunya symbol-simbol yangmengandung makna yang kurang baik. Jangan
sampai symbol-simbol yang mengandung makna yang kurang baik merasuk ke

clxxxix
 pikiran kita. Seperti contoh yang tadi itu perlu dipelajari, ini sekaligus untuk
merangsang kesadaran budaya para siswa, culture awarenessnya siswa maupun
L2.

Researcher: Ya, itu tadi pertanyaan terakhir saya. Terimakasih ya pak

Mr. Kuncoro: Iya, sama-sama.

Interview with Mr. Wildan, the lecture of writing subject

Researcher: Pertanyaannya masih sama, Cuma kali ini berkaitan dengan skill writing

Mulai dari pertanyaan yang pertama ya pak, apakah idiomatic expression perlu
diajarkan di kelas writing?

Mr. Wildan: Ya, perlu. Jadi terkait dengan idiom, ketika kita belajar writing itu saya kira
perlu untuk memperkenalkan idiomatic expression karena itu untuk
meningkatkan tingkat penguasaan bahasa kita, level penguasaan bahasa kita, dan
ketika kita targetkan untuk menulis jurnal internasional kita bisa menyisipkan
beberapa idiomatic expression tentunya dengan memilah dan memilih idiomatic
expression mana yang sesuai dengan bidang yang dibahas. Tidak semua
idiomatic expression yang ada bisa dimasukkan ke finding karena di journal
article writing ini kan banyak kutipan terutama di teori jadi harus menampilkan
sumber-sumber yang ada. Jadi nanti di data analisinya itu bisa ditampilkan
idiomatic expression.

Researcher: Lalu, ini kan banyak ya pak idiomatic expression yang muncul di film. Apakah
analisis idiom di film itu bisa digunakan untuk media pembelajaran idiom di
kelas writing?

Mr. Wildan: Ya, tergantung tujuan dari kelas writing kita. Jadi, kalo untuk basic writing saya
kira itu perlu. Setelah itu nanti akan melihat , mengamati, kemudian
menerapkan. Penting untuk latihan, terutama untuk penulisan essay,
agumentative essay. Jadi, seharusnya itu diberikan sebelum menulis artikel
publikasi jurnal internasional. Nanti mereka akan terbiasa, kemudian ketika
nanti merekan menginterprestasikan teks, mereka bisa menggunakan idiom.

cxc
Researcher: Jadi untuk Journal artikel writing, idiom bisa digunakan?

Mr. Wildan: Bisa digunakan tapi idiomnya harus disesuaikan. Jadi tidak sebanyak ketika kita
menulis essay. Karena kan disana dibatasi oleh aturan-aturan dimana kita harus
mengikuti sesuai dengan klu yang ada di masing-masing jurnal yang akan kita
tuju. Bisa jadi beberapa jurnal ini meminta untuk menghindari kata-kata yang
berbau idiom, otomatis kita harus menghindari penggunaanya. Basically, ketika
menulis di jurnal internasional ketika kita menggunakan idiomatic expression itu
juga akan menambah rasa atau nilai dari sebuah penjelasan yang kita tulis.

Researcher: Idiomatic expression itu kan berhubungan dengan budaya ya pak. Kan idiom
yang ada di Indonesia dan yang ada di luar negeri itu berbeda. Menurut bapak di
idiom itu ada symbol tertentu atau tidak yang bisa dianalisis menggunakan ilmu
semiotic?

Mr. Wildan: bisa ya, tapi itu tergantung dengan konteksnya tuga. Terkadang pengucapan
sesuatu itu kan tergantung dengan konteks dimana percakapan itu berlangsung,
kemudian kepada siapa dia berbicara, kemudian ini juga dipengaruhi oleh status
penutur dalam melakukan tindak tuturan. Bisa jadi untuk mengungkapkan
makna tertentu, idiomatic expression ini bisa menggantikan symbol-simbol yang
ketika disampaikan ini akan merasa kesulitan kemudian kita menggantinya
dengan menggunakan idiomatic expression. Karena idiomatic expression ini kan
berhubungan dengan budaya. Kalau menggunakan semiotic kan berarti harus
menginterpretasikan symbol-simbol, dengan makna yang sudah disepakati
secara bersama atau dengan kesepakatan local. Ya, bisa jadi.

Researcher: Menurut bapak, apakah semiotic perlu diajarkan untuk memahami makna idiom
di kelas writing?

Mr. Wildan: Ya sebenarnya ini bagian yang terpisah jika diajarkan di kelas writing. Jadi
semiotic itu kan cakupannya luas, jadi memahami tentang misalnya disitu
makna miscommunication ini nanti bisa juga diaplikasikan ke dalam analisis
writing. Misalkan, kita menganalisis tentang symbol yang ada di produk
makanan, kemudian disitu ada tulisan ―healthy is the best‖, itu ketika kita
menganalisis menggunakan analisis semiotic maka akan muncul idiomatic
expression yang muncul di suatu produk catatan melalui tulisan-tulisan. Jadi ini

cxci
 dua hal yang sebenarnya mendapatkan ilmunya itu terpisah tapi saling terkatit.
Jadi kalau akademik writing ini tentu saja berhunbungan dengan hal-hal yang
akasdemis, seperti akademik writing ini kan menulis tentang study case, bisa
jadi di semiotic ini menjadi dasar dari sebuah tulisan yang mana tulisa itu
membahas tentang pemaknaan symbol-simbol. Jadi, bisa semiotic itu digunakan.
Academik writing iru cakupannya juga luas, membahas tentang semiotic,
membahas tentang symbol-simbol, makna symbol tersebut. Kan academic
writing terutama journal academic writing itu kan cakupannya luas, termasuk ini
kan sama saja dengan membahas segala bidang ilmu bisa morphology, semantic,
phonology, translation, bisa tentang idiomatic expression itu juga tapi dalam
case tertentu nah itu bisa dicatat dan ditulis dan dibuat dalam bentuk artikel atau
jurnal. Tapi jurnalnya juga jurnal khusus, jadi kana ada jurnal tentang semiotic,
itu juga ada. Jadi ada beberapa jurnal yang memang khusus menerbitkan artikel-
artikel tertentu, pengelompokan ilmu tertentu kemudian ilmu tersebut bisa
dibaca di jurnal tersebut. Orang yang dianggap ahli itu kan orang
yangmenguasai suatu bidang ilmu.

Researcher: Utuk pertanyaan terakhir, ini kan skripsi saya membahas tentang makna
idiomatic expression di film. Untuk mencari makna idiomatic expressionnya
saya menggunakan pendekatan semiotic. Menurut bapak, apa implikasi dari
analisis semiotic pada idiomatic expression yang ditemukan di film untuk
pendidikan bahasa inggris khususnya unuk kelas writing?

Mr. Wildan: Tentu saja semiotic ini kan salah satu alat untuk membantu dalam menganalisis,
dan implikasinya dalam teaching ya kita bisa melihat makna yang muncul dalm
symbol-simbol itu. Ketika film tersebut banyak bercerita tentang teaching, moral
value, otomatis ini akan menambah khasanah pengatahuan tentang pengajaran
dalam teaching yang mana nanti akan berguna untuk membentuk karakter
seseorang. Jadi kan kita bisa belajar dari instruction, moral value yang ada di
film. Bisa jadi salah satu instruction yang ada di film tersebut menggunakan
symbol tertentu, jadi dengan semiotic kita jadi tau makna symbol dalam term
dan idiom tertentu. Jadi, ini bisa menambah pembendaharaan keilmuan terutama
berkaitan dengan moral value.

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cxciii