03 Literature in The Philippines PDF

“discovered”
Literature
in the Philippines
https://youtu.be/kpA6IBd4fek
The history of a
nation’s spirit is
through its literature.
Philippine Literature
Pre-colonial Period
Literature during this time revealed
our ancestors’ way of life, belief
system, traditions, norms, and more.
It provided temporary curiosity as to
the existence of things around him.
Pre-colonial Lit is a good lens to
look through if we want to see the
pure culture of the Philippines
before it was influenced by other
countries.
largely oral
culture of courtship
a love for anything magical
origin and myths
hero tales
fables
legends
Sample text:
Tungkong Langit and Alunsina
Spanish Occupation
Literature during this time attempted
to erase the pre-hispanic literary
works. It offered new motifs and
subjects in literature – emphasis on
Christian doctrine (novenas, senakulo,
sarswela)
paganism was the
religion of the devil
(according to the spanish)
“for over three centuries, literature
proved to be an effective tool in the
subjugation and pacification of the
people.”
(Jaime Biron Polo, in Panitikan: An Essay on the Spanish

Influence on Philippine Literature)
Doctrina Christiana
first book ever published
printing presses
were operated by the missionaries
dalit
poetic quatrains that used to be
native songs
*quatrains - stanzas of four lines having alternate rhymes

religious narrative poetry
published for evangelization and
prescription of proper decorum
An octosyllabic
poem that talks
about the trials
and tribulations of
Christ.
The different versions of the pasyon
such as the Pasyon Henesis in
Tagalog subtly reminds the people
that they are sinners and that they
should practice the art of humility.
the emergence of secular works
filipinos who could afford european
education started gaining access to
printed work which only the
missionaries used to have exclusive
access to.
the emergence of secular works
the early romantics such as Jose
Corazon De Jesus (Huseng Sisiw)
wrote the early awit and korido
awit and korido
dodecasyllabic quatrains that
usually talk about colorful tales of
chivalry (nobility) made for singing
and chanting
But according to Biron Polo, the awit
and korido, much with its romance
and entertaining narrative, were
created to distract the Filipinos from
their real lives.
19th century
the spanish colonialism became
excessive. writers like balagtas
started using the colonial awit as a
vehicle of protest.
Bienvenido Lumbera
“Florante’s lamentation over the
plight of albania has been
interpreted as an allegory on the
conditions of colonial Philippines”
literature of reform
the reform movement emerged with
the goal of exposing friar oppression
and asserting the rights of the
natives.
These times marked the emergence
of essay as a literary form because it
was ideal for discussing issues and
disseminating information across.
the novel also began flourishing as
reflected by Rizal’s El Fili and Noli,
and Pedro Paterno’s Ninay.
Ninay
a story of a girl who was separated
from her love because her partner
was accused to be the leader of
rebellion. The story revolves around
unfortunate and unrequited love.
the main character dies of cholera.
the method of realism
Rizal and Paterno both employed
the art of realism in their works by
realistically depicting scenes that
take place in the real world.
literature of the revolution
the reformist writers found their
efforts futile. this paved way for the
revolution - the Katipunan - led by
Bonifacio.
In Bonifacio’s essays to his fellow
Filipinos, he reminds them of their
wealth, peace, and rich culture that
the Spanish has destroyed.
an excerpt
“Ano ang ating nararapat gawin? Ang araw ng
katuiran na sumisikat sa silangan, ay malinaw
na itinuturo sa ating mga matang malaong
nabulagan ang landas na dapat nating
tunguhin, ang liwanag niya’y tanaw sa ating
mga mata, ang kukong nag akma ng
kamatayang alay sa atin ng mga ganid na asal.
literature flourished in the form of
movies, drama (zarzuela), dances
and the art of balagtasan emerged.
American Colonization and
the Pacific War
In the Treaty of Paris, the PH was sold
to the United States for 20 million
dollars.
filipino writers were still writing in
the language left by the spanish
colonial period.
metric romance (balagtas method)
realism (rizal method)
Patriotic Theater
coming from a history of komedya
where theater performances were
characterized by magic and fantasy,
the post-revolution Filipino wanted
the narrative to change.
Patriotic Theater
this signified a cultural awakening
and further increased resistance to
american rule.
But by 1920s, the education that the
Filipinos were given allowed for them
to learn the English language and
resulted to the decline of literary
works in the vernacular.
It was during this time that the first
important Filipino novel in English
was published.
Martin Romero, after his education in the
United States, went back to the Philippines
to help bring changes to the country, but
held back by the traditional family system,
corrupt politicians, ignorance, and
superstitions, he gave up and went back to
the US.
the short story
talked about the social struggles and
gave a picture of the life of the
Filipino
The Coming of Japanese (Pacific War)
English writing was put on halt and
only very few works in Tagalog -
mostly sponsored by the Japanese -
were published.
Sample Text:
25 Pinakamabuting Kuwento ng
Taong 1943
By Macario Pineda
Post Colonial Literature
1945
This was a time when the US
captured the PH back from the
Japanese and the Republic of the
Philippines was inaugurated.
Post Colonial Literature told stories of
horror about the four years of japanese
occupation.
New Criticism found its way to the shores

and urged Filipino writers to write in a new
manner.
This period is characterized by a
great confusion, a lack of identity,
and a period of existentialism.
Filipino writers felt the need for a
comeback of the nationalist
movement to wake the Filipinos up
from the hangover of many centuries
of colonial period.
Schools offered studies on literature
and creative writing and opened
opportunities for Filipino authors to
continue improving their craft.
Martial Law
1972
This period was characterized by a
great halt in literary creativity.
Creative writing outlets for the
nationalist movements were stopped.
After the Martial Law, new directions
in poetry emerged. Writers explored
brave topics such as gender and rape.
This was the contemporary period.
...Alongside these developments, the
publishing industry also changed, with
technological advances giving rise to the
dawn of the eBook and corporate
sponsorship igniting debates about the
usefulness of literary prizes and festivals.”
21st Century

03 Literature in The Philippines PDF

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“discovered”

(Jaime Biron Polo, in Panitikan: An Essay on the Spanish

*quatrains - stanzas of four lines having alternate rhymes

New Criticism found its way to the shores

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