RESEARCH

TITLE
PROPOSAL
Lastimosa, Athena Irish D.

Garcia, Khrist Ianh Louisse R.

Amaro, Erma M.

Magallanes, Shanelle Mae V.

Paglinawan, Riozandra J.

Sebello, Marie Adelle F.

SUBMITTED TO:

Ms. Chelsea June Castillo

PROPOSED TITLE:

Going Through Dialysis: A Case Study about Patients with Renal Disease and its complication

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

People who have renal or kidney diseases may have a hard time in removing waste, unwanted water
and toxins in the body, one way is through undergoing dialysis. Dialysis started in 1943 at the Netherlands
who was invented by a Dutch physician named Dr. Willem Kolff. (DaVita, n.d.)

There are two types of dialysis. First is Hemodialysis. In this process, your blood is allowed to
flow, a few ounces at a time, through a special filter that removes wastes and extra fluids. The clean blood
is then returned to your body. Removing the harmful wastes and extra salt and fluids helps control your
blood pressure and keep the proper balance of chemicals like potassium and sodium in your body.
Second is Peritoneal dialysis. In this process, the patients use its own body tissues inside of the
belly (abdominal cavity) to act as the filter. The abdominal cavity is lined with a special membrane, the
peritoneal membrane. A plastic tube called a " peritoneal dialysis catheter" is placed through the abdominal
wall into the abdominal cavity. A special fluid is then flushed into the abdominal cavity and washes around
the intestines. The peritoneal membrane acts as a filter between this fluid and the blood stream. By using
different types of solutions, waste products and excess water can be removed from the body through this
process.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study is to make people with or without renal diseases aware about the
advantage and disadvantages of dialysis. This could also help in preventing complication during dialysis
session. And lastly, this can inform them about the expenses needed during the dialysis procedure.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to address the life experiences of patients with Renal Disease that is going through
dialysis with the following questions:

1. What are the complications that patients encounter during dialysis?

2. What are the precautions that they do to prevent complications?
3. How often do patients undergo dialysis?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of undergoing dialysis?
5. How much money do patients spend every dialysis session?
PROPOSED TITLE:

Twist of Fate: A Case Study on How an Adolescent Rett Syndrome Patient Cope with The
Environment

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a form of a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder which is very rare, most
common on girls and no current treatment yet. This type of disorder is characterized by normal development
in the first 6 months then followed by loss of coordination, mental retardation and slow growth after 12
months. Although Rett Syndrome is genetic 99% of these cases are not inherited rather by chance of
mutation in the DNA. In the Philippines, there are 8,624 cases of Rett Syndrome according to PCHRD.
(Reviewed by Smitha Bhandari, 2017)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is for the benefit of the society to further inform people on this rare disorder and gather
greater insights on how the patients live with this condition.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to address the life experiences of an Rett Syndrome Patient that is going through
adolescence with the following questions:

1. How does RTT affect the patients' lives?

2. Do all patients move through the stages of RTT similarly?
3. How do RTT patients socialize with other people?
4. Since skills are lost, what are RTT patients able to do?
5. What's the long-term outlook for RTT patients?
PROPOSED TITLE:

Dependent Hooman: A Case Study in the Norms on the Life of an Insulin Dependent Individual

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from
carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your
blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia). It is often described
as a “key,” which unlocks the cell to allow sugar to enter the cell and be used for energy. (Amy Hess-Fischl
MS, n.d.)

Diabetes is a condition wherein the body has irregular blood sugar. There are two types of
Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 2 Diabetes develops over time and is often diet-related. Type 1
Diabetes, however, cannot be prevented and affects children most of the time. It has no cure yet but can
be controlled through regular replacement of insulin the body can’t produce, usually with the use of
syringes. Without the help of insulin, it can cause the person with diabetes fatigue, extreme hunger,
frequent urination, blurred vision, tingling and numbness in the feet, and dry skin and mouth. (Melissa
Conrad Stöppler, n.d.)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

One of the most important significance of this study is bringing awareness to people that Diabetes
can be acquired at any age, at any physique and stature, and at any time. This may also help educate
people who are taking or will take insulin on the dos and don’ts. An inform readers on certain diets and
alternatives that could help in regulating while injecting insulin.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to address the life experiences of an Insulin Dependent Individual that is diagnosed
with Diabetes with the following questions:

1. When did they found out about their Diabetes?

2. What are the implications of Diabetes in their personal lives?
3. How frequently a day does an individual need to inject insulin?
4. How does insulin help?
PROPOSED TITLE:

Better Safe Than Sorry: A Case Study on the Struggles of an Adolescent with Gonorrhea

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

According to a Country report by UNICEF in 2006, among STIs, gonorrhea has the highest
incidence for males (23 percent), while non-gonococcal infection is highest for females (7%) (East Asia
and Pacific Regional Consultation on Children and HIV/AIDS , 2006) Inline with the spread of other STIs
and STDs, Gonorrhea is affecting the adolescent age groups leaving high risks to adolescents who are not
having safe sex. It is now a very common infection, especially among young people ages 15-24 years.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). It’s caused by infection with the
bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It tends to infect warm, moist areas of the body, including the: urethra
(the tube that drains urine from the urinary bladder), eyes, throat, vagina, anus and female reproductive
tract (the fallopian tubes, cervix, and uterus). (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.) It passes
from person to person through unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex. People with numerous sexual partners
or those who don’t use a condom are at greatest risk of infection. The best protections against infection are
abstinence, monogamy (sex with only one partner), and proper condom usage. Behaviors that make a person
more likely to engage in unprotected sex also increase the likelihood of infection. (Dale Kiefer and Justin
Sarachik, 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of the study will contribute to the past researches about the lives Gonorrhea patients
and to further inform people considering that this is timely and relevant in our country. The adolescents
who are going through or are curious about the said disease will find their needed information to better
understand the infection that can also raise awareness to it.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to address the life experiences of a person with Gonorrhea that is going through
adolescence with the following questions:

5. What symptoms did they first notice before being diagnosed with Gonorrhea?
6. Does it affect their life as a student?
7. Does it affect their sex life?
8. How do they cope up with it?
9. What difficulties do they encounter?
PROPOSED TITLE:

Condom is Cheaper than a Lifetime of Pills: A Case Study on an Adolescent with Human
Immunodeficiency Virus

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The Department of Health (DOH) reported that in April 2017, 629 persons, most of whom are
millennials, were diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). More than 80 percent or 513
of those diagnosed with the virus belong to the 15 to 34 age group. Meanwhile, 18 individuals were reported
to have contracted the virus through the sharing of infected needles. There were also two reported cases of
mother-to-child transmission. In June 2017, 17 people have so far died of HIV-related complications,
bringing the total number of HIV-related deaths this year to 172. (Ilas, 2017)

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is our body’s natural defense against illness.
The virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell, and makes copies
of itself inside these cells. T-helper cells are also referred to as CD4 cells. (Avert , 2017)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will help people understand how HIV/AIDS work and know how much they will
have to suffer acquiring this disease. This may also help in raising awareness on our vulnerability to STDs
and STIs because of not being safe when having sex.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to address the life experiences of a person with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
that is going through adolescence with the following questions:

1. What is it like being a patient with HIV/AIDS?

2. Is it hard to live in the society having that disease?
3. How long would the treatment will take?
4. Do you need to be vocal about having a HIV/AIDS?
5. Would condoms still be relevant?
PROPOSED TITLE:

Quality of Life: A Case Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy as a Treatment for an Early-stage Breast
Cancer Patient

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The deteriorating effects of chemotherapy on cancer patients are well documented, so is the need
and impact of psychological, behavioral, or educative interventions in improving quality of life. In the
developing countries, cancer centers have a very high patient load and providing quality treatment and
achieving good survival is still the first priority. However, in the pursuit of quality of survival, the quality
of life is often ignored. Psychological and/or behavioral interventions that could enable the patient to cope
better, be independent and well informed about the treatment which might improve quality of life of
remaining years (Thomas BC, et al. J Indian Med Assoc. 2010)

Based on a study on one hundred and thirty-seven breast cancer patients, 102 receiving adjuvant
chemotherapy and 35 receiving palliative chemotherapy for metastatic disease underwent a 37-item quality-
of-life questionnaire to evaluate the impact of disease and treatment on physical, psychological and social
wellbeing. Physical and social activities were reported as unaltered or normal by 64 to 70% and 52 to 67%
of patients, respectively. Psychological status was judged normal by 39 to 45% of patients. No significant
differences were observed between the patient’s groups. In 83 to 90% of cases the patient normally took
care of herself. In 62 to 87% of cases time dedicated to recreational activities was reported as unaltered.
The majority of patients (84%) judged that their relationship with partner and/or family were good. Severe
anxiety was reported in 19 to 28% of patients and severe depression was infrequent (3.9%). Information
regarding disease and treatment given by health professionals was considered satisfactory by 80 to 100%
of patients (J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2001;(30):146-52.)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study are bringing awareness to people that Breast cancer can be acquired at any age.
This may also help to educate people who are taking Adjuvant Chemotherapy from the side-effects of it to
how effective it is.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to address the life experiences of a Breast Cancer Patient taking Adjuvant Chemotherapy
as their treatment with the following questions:

1. When did they found out that they are diagnosed with Breast cancer?
2. How frequently a day does they feel the side effects of the chemotherapy?
3. How they handle the side-effects of Chemotherapy?
4. How effective the Chemotherapy?
References
Amy Hess-Fischl MS, R. L.-A. (n.d.). EndocrineWeb. Retrieved from What is Insulin?:
https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin

Campora E, et al. J Chemother. 1992. PubMed. Retrieved from The impact of chemotherapy on the
quality of life of breast cancer patients.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/1383437/?i=4&
from=/20839580/related#

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved from Gonorrhea - CDC Fact Sheet:
https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm

Dale Kiefer and Justin Sarachik. (2016, June 23). Healthline. Retrieved from Gonorrhea:
https://www.healthline.com/health/gonorrhea#overview1

DaVita. (n.d.). Retrieved from The history of dialysis: https://www.davita.com/kidney-

disease/dialysis/motivational/the-history-of-dialysis/e/1

J Indian Med Assoc. 2010 Jan;108(1):49-50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20839580/

(2006). East Asia and Pacific Regional Consultation on Children and HIV/AIDS . Viet Nam : Hanoi.

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, M. (n.d.). Medicinenet. Retrieved from Diabetes Symptoms, (Type 1 and Type
2): https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.htm

Reviewed by Smitha Bhandari, M. (2017, January 08). WebMD. Retrieved from Rett Syndrome: What to
Know: https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/rett-syndrome#