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14
Ray Optics

forJEE Main
Only One Option is Correct
1. A person's eye is at a height of 1.5 m. He stands 5. An object is placed at a distance u from a concave
infront of a 0.3 m long plane mirror whose lower end mirror and its real image is received on a screen
is 0.8 m above the ground. The length ofthe image he placed at a distance of v from the mirror. If f is the
sees of himself is
focal length of the mirror, then the graph between
(a) 1,5 m (b) 1.0m (e)O,S m (d) a.6m Vv uersus l/u is
2. T'woplane mirrors A and B arc parallel to each other IN 1N
and spaced 20 em apart. An object is kept in between
them at 15 em from A. Out of the following, at which
point image
is not formed
measured from mirror A)
in mirror A (distance (aI 1/ (bl k
(a) 15 em (b) 25 em ~1I0 ~1/U
(c) 45 em (d) 55 em IN IN

V
3. A point object is kept between a plane mirror and a
concave mirror facing each other. The distance
(d11 A
between the mirrors is 22.5 em. The radius of
curvature of the concave mirror is 20 em. What
should be the distance oCthe object from the concave
mirror so that after two successive renections the
(el
L..1I0 lL..l1/u
6. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of
final image is formed on the object itself? [Consider
refractive index n. If the angle of incidence is twice
first reflection from concave mirror]
the angle of refraction, then the angle of incidence is
(a) 5 em (b) 15 em
(el 10 em (d) 7.5 em (a) cos-\n/2) (b) sin-\n/2)
(c) 2cos-'(nj2) (d) 2 sin-1(n/2)
4. A luminous point object is moving along the
principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 7. A ray incident at an angle of incidence 60° enters a
12 cm towards it. When its distance from the mirror glass sphere of Jl =.[j and it is reflected and
is 20 em its velocity is 4 cm/s. The velocity of the refracted at the farther surface of the sphere. The
image in cmls at that instant is angle between reflected and refracted rays at this
(a) 6. towards the mirror (b) 6, away from the mirror surface is
(c) 9. away from the rT'irror (d) 9, towards the mirror (b) 90° (c) 60° (d) 150°

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics

410

8. The critical angle of light going from medium A to 15. A person walks at a velocity lJin a straight
medium B is a. The speed of light in medium A is v. line forming an angle 8 with the plane of a
The speed of light in medium B is plane mirror. The velocity lJrelwith which /e
v v he approaches his image?
(a)- (b)-- v.
sinS cos 8 (a) 2v sin8 (b) v sin!!.
2
!
(c) v sinS (d) v cosS
8
(c)2vcos8 (d)VCOS"2
9. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one
refracting face of a prism of angle 75°. It passes 16. In the figure shown, the image of a real object is
through the prism and is incident on the 9ther face formed at point 1. AB is the principal axis of the
at the critical angle. If the refractive index of the
mirror. The mirror must be
material of the prism is J2, the angle of incidence on
the first face of the prism is o. t d,
A
(a) 30" (b) 45"
(e) 600
(d) None of these
(a) concave and placed towards right of I
10. A ray of light is incident at angle i on a surface of a (b) concave and placed towards left of I
prism of small angle A and emerges normally from (c) convex and placed towards right of I
the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the (d) convex and placed towards left of I
material of the prism is 11,the angle of incidence i is
nearly equal to 11. A beam of light propagates
(a) AI"
through a medium-l and falls
onto another mediurn-2, at an me<lium-l
(e) >L4
angle 0:]as shown. After that it medium-2
11. The image for the converging beam after refraction propagates in medium-2 at an
through the curved surface is formed at angle 112 as shown. The light"s
wavelength in medium. 1 is At.
".~.. ",' What is the wavelength of light

-
in rnedium-2 ?
o ,::::::p x
30
R=20Gm

18. Figure shows the graph of angle of deviation;) versus

(a) 40 cm (b)~Cm angle of incidence i for a light ray striking a prism.

(c) 20 em (d) 180 cm

7
,
The prism angle is

12. A convex-concave diverging lens is made of glass of

refractive index 1.5 and focal length 24 cm. Radius
of curvature for one surface is double that of the 300 •••• , ••• _----_. __ ••

other. Then radii of curvature for the two surfaces

are (in cm)
(a) 6, 12 (b) 12. 24
(c) 3, 6 (d) 18. 36 60"
13. In the figure shown, there are two (a) 30" (b) 45" (c) 60 0
(d)7S"
convex lenses ~ and L:2having focal
lengths It and h respectively. The 19. The passenger side-view mirror on an automobile
distance between ~ and L:J. will be often has the notation. Objects seen in mirror are
closer than they appear. Is the image really farther
(a) '1 (b)'2
away than the object?
(c)'1+'2 (d)'1-'2
(a) Yes. the image is smaller and farther away than the
14. The focal length of a plano~concave lens is -10 cm, obJ~ct
then its focal length when its plane surface is (b) No, the image is smaller and closer than the object
polished is (c) No, the image is larger and closer than the object
(d) Yes, the image is larger and farther away than the
(a) 20 cm (b) -5 cm
(d) -20 em object
(c) 5 em

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 411

20. A screen is placed 90 em from an object. The image of 28. A ray of light undergoes deviation of 30" when
an object on the screen is formed by a convex lens at incident on an equilateral prism of refractive index
two different locations separated by 20 em. The focal ..•
'2. The angle made by the ray inside the prism with
length of the lens is the base of the prism is
(a) 18 em (b)21.4cm (a)15. (b) O. (e) 45. (d) 30.
(el 60 em (d) 96.25 em
29, Two identical glass Illy ""3/2) equiconvex lenses of
21. Light ray is incident on a prism of angle A '= 60° and
focal length I are kept in contact. The space between
refractive index j..l = ./2. The angle of incidence at
the two lenses is filled '.",ithwater IIlw '" 4/3~ The focal
which the emergent ray grazes the surface is given by
length of the combination is
(a) sin- 1 ( ",'32~ 1) (b) sin-1 ( J2 -1) (a) 1 (b)!... (e) 41 (d) 3(
2 2 3 4

(CISin-1(,:3) (dlSin-1 (3E) 30. The magnification of an object placed in front of a

convex lens of focal length 20 em is +2. To obtain a
22. A ray of light is incident at an angle ct on the magnification of - 2, the object will have to be moved
boundary separating 1\\'0 transparent media. It is a distance equal to
transmitted. If the angle of incidence is increased (a) 10 em (b) 20 em (e) 30 em (d) 40 em
vel}' slightly, the ray gets renected in the same
medium. The difference between angles of deviation 31. A concave lens forms the image of an object such
in the two cases will be close to that the distance between the object and image is
(h)900-u 10 em and the magnification produced is 1/4. The
(d) 180" - 2a focal length of the lens will be
(a) 8,6 em (b) 6,2 em (c) 10 em (d) 4.4 em
23. Two plane mirrors are arranged
at right angles to each other we; e, 32. Parallel beam oflight is incident on the system of two
,,
shown in figure. A ray of light is convex lenses of focal lengths II '"20 em and
incident on the horizontal h '"!Oem. What should be the distance between the
mirror at an angle fl . For what two lenses so that rays after refraction from both the
value of 8 the ray emerges lenses pass undeviated
parallel to the incoming ray after
reflection from the vertical
mirror?
(a) 60" (b)30. (c) 45" (d) All of these

24. Critical angle of glass is 81and that of water isll2. The

critical angle for water and glass surface would be (el 90 em (d) 40m
(al60 em (b) 30 em
(Ily '" 3/2, ~lw '" 4 3)
(a) less than 82 (b) betvveen 01 and82 33. A point object is placed at a distance of25 em from a
(c) greater than 02 (d) less than 81 convex lens of focal length 20 em. If a glass slab of
thickness t and refractive index 1.5 is inserted
25. A hollow convex lens of glass will behave like a
between the lens and the object the image is formed
(a) convex tens (b) concave lens at infinity. The thickness r is
(e) glass plate (d) mirror
(al 10 em (b) 5 em (e) 20 em (d) 15 em
26. A plane mirror is made of glass slab Illy '" 15)2.5 em
34. The angle of incidence for an equilateral prism is 60 •.
thick and silvered on back. A point object is placed What should be the refractive index of prism so that
5 em in front of the unsilvered face of the mirror. the ray is parallel to the base inside the prism?
What will be the position of final image?
r.;. r.;. 4 9
(a) 12 em lram unsilvered :ace (a' ,2 (b),3 (e) - (d)-
3 8
(b) 14,6 em from unsilvered face
(c) 5.67 em :'rom unsilvered face 35. When an object is at distances x and y from a lens, a
(d) 8,33 em lrom unsi!vered face real image and a virtual image is fanned respectively
27. The refractive index of a prism is 2. This prism can having same magnification. The focal length of the
have a maximum refracting angle of lens is
(a) 90" (b) 60" (a1 x + y (b) x- Y (e) .JXY (d) x + Y
(c) 45" (d) 30" 2

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412 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

36. If the distances of an object and its virtual image 43. Focal length of a thin convex lens is 30 cm At a
from the focus of a convex lens of focal length fare distance of 10 cm from the lens there is a plane
1 em each, then f is refracting surface of refractive index 3/2. Where will
(a) 4 em {b)(J2+1)cm the parallel rays incident on lens converge?
(el 2..[2 em (d) (2 + .J2)cm

37. Focal length of a convex mirror is IDem

(a) image of an object placed at 20 em is also at 20 em
(b) image of an object placed at 10 em is al infinity
(c) both (a) and (b) are wrong
10 10cm II
(d) both (a) and (b) are correct
(a) Al a distance of 27.5 em from the lens
38. A concave mirror has a focal length 20 em. The (b) At a distance of 25 em from the lens
distance between the two positions of the object for (e) Al a distance of 45 cm from the lens
which the image size is double of the object size is (d) At a distance of 40 em from the lens
(a) 20 em (b) 40 em
44. Distance of an object from the first focus of an
(el 30 em (d) 60 em
equiconvex lens is 10 em and the distance of its reaJ
39. Two plane mirrors are A image from second focus is 40 em. The focal length of
inclined at angle e as shown the lens is
in figure. If a ray parallel to (a) 25 em (b) 10 em (c) 20 em (d) 40 cm
OB strikes the other mirror at
P and finally emerges parallel 45. An object is placed in front of
to OA after two reflections 0 B a concave mirror of focal
then e is equal to length f as shown in figure.
Choose the correct shape of
(a) 90' (b) 50' the image.
(e) 45' (d) 30'

40. A ray of light falls on a transparent sphere with

centre at C as shown in figure. The ray emerges from
the sphere parallel to line AB. The refractive index of
the sphere is (a) (b)

A e
-----.---- B
60.

(e) (d)

(al./2 (b) ./3

(e) 3/2 (d) 4/3 46. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air
(a) its wavelength decreases
41. The image of point P when (bl its wavelength increases
viewed from top of the slabs il (cl its frequency increases
will be
(a) 2.0 em above P
.,.,:,1i'$j I,.,om
1.Scm
(d) neither its wavelength nor its frequency changes

(b) 1.5 em above P 47. A glass prism of refractive

(c) 20 em below P
EJl.=1.s@il 1.5cm index 1.5 is immersed in
(d) 1 em above P 2.0cm water (refractive index 4/3).
p. A light beam incident
normally on the face AB is
42. An equiconvex lens of glass (Ilg = 15) of focal length totally reflected to reach the
10 cm is silvered on one side. It will behave like a face BCif
c
(a) concave mirror of focal length 10 cm (a) sine> 8/9
(b) convex mirror of foeallength 5.0 em (b) 2/3 < sinO < 8/9
(c) concave mirror of focal length 2.5 em (cl sinO < 2/3
(d) convex mirror of focal length 20 cm (d) None of the above

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 413

48, A convex lens offocallength 40 em is in contact with

a concave kns of focal length 25 COl. The power or the
combination is
(a)-1.50 (bl- 6.5 0
(c) + 6,5 0 (d) + 6.67 0 : f'

,
49. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer
medium at an angle of incidence i (see figure). The
reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90°
with each other. The angle!'> of reflection and (al sin-l(tan r) (b) sin-1(eal i)
refraction are rand r', The critical angle is (cl sin-1(lanr') (d) tan-'(sini)

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1, Assertion Radius of curvature ora convex mirror is 6. Assertion Different colours of light have same
20 COl. If a real object is placed at 10 em from pole of velocity in vacuum, but they have different velocities
the mirror, image is fonned at infinity. in any other transparent medium.

Reason When object is placed at focus, its image is Reason V"" £. where symbols have standard
formed at infinity.
(a) A
(e) E
(bl B (e) G (d) 0 "
meanings. For different colours, refmctive index, 11 of
transparent medium has differentvalues. Therefore,vis
different.
2. Assertion For a prism of refracting angle 60° and (alA (b) B (e) G (d) 0
refractive index J':2, minimum deviation is 30°. (e) E
A
Reason At minimum deviation, '1""'2 =2 ",,30". 7. Assertion The minimum distance between an
object and its real image fanned by a convex lens is
(a) A (b)B (eiG (d)O 2f
(e) E
Reason The distance between an object and its real
3. Assertion Image formed by concave lens is not image is minimum when its magnification is-1
always virtual. (a)A (b)B (eiG (d)O
(e) E
Reason Image formed by a lens is real if the image
is fanned in the direction of ray of light with respect 8. Assertion A lens has two principal focal lengths
to the lens. which may differ.
(a) A (b) B (e) C (diD
(e) E Reason Light can fall on either surface of the lens.
The two principal focal lengths differ when medium
4. Assertion Minimum deviation for a given prism on the two sides have different refractive indices.
does not depend on the refractive index 11 of the (a) A (bl B (e) C (diD
prism. (e) E

Reason Deviation by a prism is given by 9. Assertion The twinkling of star is due to reflection
t')""(il+ i2-A) and does not have the term 11. of light.
(alA (bl B
(e) G (diD Reason The velocity of light changes while going
(e) E from one medium to the other.
(a)A (b) B (e) G (diD (e) E
5. Assertion Critical angle of light while passing from
glass to air is minimum for \'iolet colour. 10. Assertion If a convex lens of glass is immersed in
water its power decreases.
Reason The wavelength of \'iolet light is greater
than the light of all other colours. Reason In water it behaves as a concave lens.
(a)A (b) B (a) A (b) B
(eiG (d)O (e) G (d) 0
(e) E (e) E

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414 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

11. Assertion For observing traffic at our back, we Reason There is no loss of intensity in total internal
prefer to use a convex mirror. reflection.
(a) A (b) B Ie) C (d) D
Reason A convex mirror has a much larger field of (e) E
view than a plane mirror or a concave mirror.
(a)A (b) B (e) C (d)O 15. Assertion The blue colour of sky is on account of
(e) E scattering of sun light.

Reason The intensity of scattered light varies

12. Assertion A concave mirror of focal1ength Tin air
inversely as the fourth power of wavelength of the
is used in a medium of refractive index 2. Then the light.
focal length of mirror in medium becomes double.
(a) A (b) B (e) C (d) 0
Reason The radius of curvature of a mirror is (e) E
double of the focal length.
(a) A (b) B (e) C (d) 0 (e) E
16. Assertion As the distance x of a parallel ray from
axis increases, focal length decreases.
13. Assertion When monochromatic light is incident
on a surface separating two media, the reflected and
refracted light both have the same frequency as the
incident frequency.

Reason The frequency of monochromatic light

depends on media.
Reason As x increases, the distance from pole to
la) A (b) B (e) C (d) 0 (e) E
the point of intersection of reflected ray with
principal axis decreases.
14. Assertion The images formed by total internal
reflections are much brighter than those formed by (a) A (b) B (e) C (d) 0
mirrors or lenses. (e) E

for JEE Advanced

A. Only One Option is Correct
1. One of the refracting surfaces of a prism of angle 30° 4. As the position of an object (u) reflected from a
is silvered. A ray of light incident at an angle of 60° concave mirror is varied, the position of the image (vj
retraces its path. The refractive index ofthe material also varies. By letting the u changes from 0 to + "" the
of prism is graph between v versus u will be
./2
(a) . (b) J3 (c) 3/2 (d) 2

2. Angle of minimum deviation is equal to the angle of

prism A of an equilateral glass prism. The angle of
incidence at which minimum deviation will be (a) (b)
i"--
,
obtained is "
(a) 60° Ib) 30'

3. A plane mirror is placed at origin parallel of y-axis,

facing the positive x-axis. An object starts from
(2 m. 0, 0)with a velocity ofl21 + 2J) m/s. The relative
velocity of image with respect to object is along (e) (d)
(a) positive x-axis (b) negative x-axis
(c) positive y-axis (d) negative y-axis

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 415

5. A 2 em diameter coin rests flat on the bottom of a 11. A reflecting surface is represented y
bowl in which the water is 20 em deep luw = 4/3~If by the equation x2 + y2 '" a2. A
the coin is viewed directly from above, what is its ray travelling in negative
apparent diameter? x-direction is directed towards
positive y-direction after rellection
,
(a) 2 em (b) 1.5 em
(c) 2.67 em (d) 1.67 em from the surface at point P. Then
co-ordinates of point P are
6. Refraction takes place at a convex spherical
(a){0.8a.O.6a)
boundary separating air-glass medium. For the
(b) (0,6 a. 0.8 a)
image to be real, the object distance lilg = .:y2)
(a) should be greater than three limes the radius of (C)(%,~)
curvature of the refracting surface
(d) None of these
(b) should be greater than two times the radius of
curvature of the refracting surface
12, An object is placed infront of a concave mirror of focal
(c) should be greater than the radius of curvature of the
length f. A virtual image is formed with a
refracting surface magnification of 2. To obtain a real image of same
(d) is independent of the radius of curvature 01 the magnification, the object has to moved by a distance
refracting surface
(a) , (b) 1/2
NOTE Object is lying in thE: glass.
(e) 3f/2 (d) 21/3

7. Light is incident normally ~~:::~~~:::-liq~ici~:::~~~:::~~

13. For an equilateral prism, it is observed that when a
on face AB of a prism as ~~ C ray strikes grazingly at one face it emerges grazingly
shown in figure. A liquid of at the other. Its refractive index will be
refractive index fl is placed 90'
on face AC of the prism. (a) 13 (b) 2
The prism is made of glass B 13
of refractive index 3/2. The limits offl for which total (e) 2 (d) Data not sufficient
internal reflection takes place on face AC is
14. A convex lens forms a real image three times larger
(a)I.I>-
13 (b)fl<-
313 than the object on a screen. Object and screen are
2 4 moved until the image becomes twice the size of the
(e)J1 > J3 (d) 1.1< 2
3 r object. If the !'ohiftof the object is 6 em. The shift of
screen is
(a) 36 em (b) 72 em
8. An infinitely long rod lies along the axis of a concave
(e) 18 em (d)gem
mirror offocallength f.The near end of the rod is at a
distance u > f from the mirror. Its image will have a 15. A real image is formed by a convex lens. Then it is put
length in contact ,,,,itha concave lens and again a real image
(a)~ (b)3!- is formed. This image ,vill
u-I u+' (a) shift towards the lens syslem
,2 (b) shift away from the lens system
(e)-- (d)~
u , , u -, (c) remain In its original position
(d) shill to infinity
9. Two point sources 81 and &2are 24 em apart. Where
16. A convex lens is in contact "•.ith a concave lens. The
should a convex lens offocallength,9 em be placed in magnitude of the ratio of their focal lengths is 2/3 .
between them so that the images of both sources are .Their equivalent focal length is 30 em. What are their
formed at the same place? individual focal lengths?
(a) -75. 50 (b) -10, 15
(a) 6 em from 51 (b) 15 em from 5, (e) -75,25 (d) -15, 10
(e) 10 em from S, (d) 12 em from 5,
17. What is the minimum value of the
10. Two identical thin planoconvex lenses of refractive refractive index for a 90~- 45°- 45°
index n are silvered, one on the plane side and the prism which is used to deviate a beam
other on the convex side. The ratio of their focal through 90~ by total internal
lengths is reflection?
(a)n/{n-1) (b)(n -l)jn (a) 3/2 (b) ,13
(e) (n + l)jn (d)n
(e)./2 (d) 5/3

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418 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

37. The x~z plane separates two media A and B of 41. A point object a is placed slightly above
refractive indices III = 15 and Jl2 = 2. A Tay of light the centre C of a glass sphere as shown
travels from A to 8.lt5 directions in the two media are in figure. If it is viewed almost normally
given by
.... . . from above the sphere, its image is seen
unit vectors ul = Q i + b j and
...• . . (a) ate
u2 = ci + d j . Then (b) above C

LJ
(e) belowC
a 4 a 3 b 4 b 3
(a)-.- (b)-.- (e) -.- (d)- .- (d) may be above of below C
c 3 c 4 d 3 d 4
42. In the figure shDwn,)1, >)12 > )1.3'What are the limits
38. The sides of an isosceles right prism
are coated with a reflecting coating. A of angle i so that it is neither get total internal
ray of light falls on the hypotenuse at i' ."'. reflection at AB nor at CD ?
an arbitrary angle i. For what value of i
the Tay leaving the prism is parallel to
the incident ray?
(a) 30~ (b) 60"
(c) tan-1(2) (d) Any arbitrary angle

39. A point object is placed at a distance of 20 em from a

glass slab, half immersed in water as shown in
figure. The distance between two images when seen
(al sini <112 ., (b) sini<)13
.,
from the other side of the slab is (Ilg = ~and Ilw = i) (e) sini<)13
.2 (d) None of these

43. A bi-convex lens is cut from the middle as sho\\.T1in

figure. Refractive index of material of lens is ~. Now
2
lens-I (as shown in figure) is immersed in a liquid of
refractive index !lo. By doing so it is observed that its
focal length becomes equal to lens-2. What is the
value ofj1Q?
(a) 4 em (b) 2 em
(el6cm (d) Only one image is formed

40. A point source S is placed at a •S

height h from the bottom of a
vessel of height H« h~ The
vessel is polished at the base.
Water is gradually filled in H
the vessel at a constant rate
T
I I
h
2

(l m3/s. The distance d Df (a) 1.3 (b) 1.1

image of the source after (e) 1.4 (d) 12
reflection from mirror from
the bDttom of the vessel varies with time t as 44. A hemispherical surface of radius R and refractive
index)1 = 1Sis polished as shown. At what distance x
d d from point P a point object a be placed so that its
image coincides with the object itself?
(a) (b)

o p

(e)]c, (d)h, (a)

(b)
(e)
(d)
R
1.5 R
2R
3R
,

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 419

45. A ray is travelling along x-axis in negative 49. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 4i + sj + 8k. A
x-direction. A plane mirror is placed at origin point object in front of the mirror moves with a
facing the ray. What should be the angle of plane velocity 3i + 4J + 5)(. Here it is along the normal to
mirror with the x-axis so that the ray of light after
the plane mirror and facing towards the object. The
reflecting from the plane mirror passes through
velocity of the image is
point (I m, J3rn) ?
(al 30" (bl 50'
(a) -3i - 41 + 51<
(c) 45° (d) 90° (:)31+4)+111<
(c)-31 -4)+111<
46. Liquid is filled in a vessel
(d)71 + 91 +111<

"'''''''''''''''',,
I
of height 2H. At the
3 50. A square ABeD of side 1mm is kept at
bottom of the vessel
there is a spot P and a H
hole from which liquid is 2H
3
Q. ) distance 15 cm infront of the concave
mirror as shown in the figure. The
focal length of the mirror is 10 cm. 15cm
coming out. Let d be the.
distam;e of image of P
from an eye at height H
liiiiiiiiii[!iiiiiii' The length of the perimeter of its
image will be approximately
(a) 8 mm (b)2mm
from bottom at an instant when level of liquid in the
(c) 12 mm (d)6mm
vessel is x. If we plot a graph between d and x it will
be like 51. A point object on the principal axis at a distance
d d 1.5 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 20 em has velocity 2 mmls perpendicular
, to the principal axis. The velocity of image at that
instant will be
(a) 2 mmls (b) 4 mmls
(c) 8 mmls (d) 16 mm/s
{'I {bj

d d 52. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of

thickness / and refractive index n. If the angle of
, incidenceB is small, than the lateral displacement in
the incident and emergent ray will be
(a) ta (n -1) (b) ta
n n
{ol (d)
(e)len (d)t8(n+1)
47. In displacement method distance of object from a n-1 n
convex lens of focal length 20 em in one posit~on is 53. A beam of diameter' d' is incident on a
60 em. Then glass hemisphere as shown. If the
(a) in the other position distance of objecl from the radius of curvature of the hemisphere
convex lens will be 30 cm is very large in comparison to d, then
(b) distance be:ween object and screen is 90 cm the diameter of the beam at the base of
(c) Both (a) and (b) are correct the hemisphere will be
(d) Both (a) and (b) are wrong 3 d
(a)4"d (bl d (c)- (dl~d
3
48. Two mirrors are inclined at angle tl as shown in the
figure. Light rays are incident parallel to one of the 54. A light ray I is incident on a
mirrors. Light will start retracing its path after third plane mirror M. The mirror is
reflection if rotated in the direction as
' 370~
shown in the figure by an

L arrow at frequency 9/1t rps. M~ . '"

o, • W
The light reflected by the 10m
mirror is received on the wall
W a[ a distance 10 m from the axis of rolation. when
(a)H:4S0 the angle of incidence becomes 3'1' the speed of the
(b)9:30° spot (a pointl on the wall is
(C)6:60o (a) 10 m/s (b) 1000 m/s
(c) 500 mls (d) 20 mfs
(d) ai, lhl •...
'_

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420 Chap'er 14 Ray Optics

55. In the figure. a convex mirror of 60. An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a
radius of curvature 20 em is convex lens of focal length 10 em. On the other side
shown. An object 0 is placed in of the lens, a convex mirror is placed at its focus such
front of this mirror. Its ray that the image fonned by the combination coincides
diagram is shown. How many with the object itself. The focal length of the convex
mistakes are there in the ray diagram (AB is its mirror is
principal axis)
(a) 3 (b)2 (e) 1 (d) 0

56. A bird is flying up at an angle sin-1(3j5) with the

horizontal. A fish in a pond looks at that bird when it
is vertically above the fish. The angle at which the
bird appears to fly (to the fish) is Illw '" 4/31 (a) 20 cm (b) 10cm (c) 15 em (d) 30 em
(a) sin-'(3j5) (b) sin-'(4/S)
61. A converging lens of focal length 20 em and diameter
(c) 45° (d) sin-1(9j16)
5 em is cut along the line AB. The upper part of the
lens shown in the diagram is now used to form an
57. A man of height' h' is walking away from a street image of a point P placed 30 cm away from it on the
lamp with a constant speed' u', The height of the line XY. The image of P ••••
;11be fonned.
street lamp is 3h. The rate at which the length of the
man's shadow is increasing when he is at a distance
lOh from the base of the street lamp is
(a) v/2 (b) vJ3 (el2v (d) vl6
5)A~2o:-Dr
ll)
. om Xp
, Y
30 an
58. A man is walking under an
inclined mirror at a constant y~ (a) 0.5 em above XY (b) 1 em below XY
velocity v along the x-axis. If the '
(c) on XY (d) 1.5 em below XY
mirror is inclined at an angle 8 '
with the horizontal then what is ,'e -+ x
62. A point object is kept at the first focus of a convex
the velocity of the image? lens. If the lens starts moving towards right with a
(a) v sinel + vcosel (b) v cosel + v sinej constant velocity, the image will
(c) v sin 2e1 + v cos 2eJ (d) v cos 2e1 + v sin 2ej

59. A parallel sided block of glass of refractive object

index 1.5 which is 36 mm thick rests on
F
the floor of a tank which is filled with
water lrefractive index = 4/31. The
difference between apparent depth of
floor at A and B when seen from vertically (a) always move towards right
above is equal to (b) always move towards left
(c) first move towards right and then towards left
(a)2mm (b)3mm (c) 4 mm (d)6mm
(d) first move towards left and then towards right

B.' More than One Option is Correct

1. A point object is placed at 30 cm from a convex glass 2. For a concave mirror
lens (119 =~) of focal length 20 em. The final image (a) virtual image is always larger in size

of object will be fanned at infinity if (b) real image is always smaller in size

(a) another concave lens of focal length 60 em is placed (c) real image is always larger in size
in contact with the previous lens (d) real image may be smaller or larger in size
(b) another convex lens of focal length 60 em is placed at
a distance of 30 cm from the first lens 3. From a concave mirror of focal length I, image i,
(c) the whole system is immersed in a liquid of refractive 2 times larger. Then the object distance from th,
index 4/3
(d) the whole system is immersed in a liquid of refractive (a)-
,
mirror is
(b) 3'
,
(e) - (d) 4f
index 9/8 2 2 4 3

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 421

4. Focal length of a lens in air is J. Refractive index of

the lens is 11.Focal length changes to Ii if lens is
immersed in a liquid of refractive index !: and it
2
becomes h if the lens is immersed in a liquid of
refractive index 2!J..Then (a) actually meet at some point
1 (b) appears to meet after extending the refracted rays
(a) (1"'"2 (b)'2=-2f backwards
31 (c) meet (or appears to meet) at a distance of 30 cm from
(el '2 = - 2" (d) Dala is insu'ticient the spherical surface
(dl meet (or appears to meet) at a distance of 60 cm from
5. For which of the pairs ofu and/for a mirror, image is the spherical surface
smaller in size .
11. For a mirror linear magnification m comes out to be
(a) u=-10crn,f=20cm
+ 2. What conclusions can be drawn from this?
(b) u == - 20 em, f == -30 em
(a) mirror is concave
(c) u:::-45 C'Yl,f =-10cm
(bl mirrorcan be convex or concave but itcan not be plane
(d) u == - 60 em, f == 30 crr (c) object lies between pole and focus
(dl object lies beyond focus
6. Refractive index of an equilateral prism is J2
(a) minimum deviation from this prism can be 30° 12. A convex lens made of glass (l1g '" 3f2lhas focal length
(b) minimum deviation trom this prism can be 45° fin air. The image of an object placed infront of it is
(el at angle of incidence == 45°, deviation is minimum inverted real and magnified. Now the whole
(d) at angle of incidence = 60°, deviation is minimum arrangement is immersed in water lIlw := 4/3) without
changing the distance between object and lens. Then
7. In refraction, ray of light passes undeviated, when
(al the new focal length willbecome 41
(a) medium on both sides is same
(b) angle of incidence is 90° (bj the new focal length willbecome!...
4
(c) angle of incidence is 0°
(d) medium on other side is rarer (c) new imag~ willbe virtual and magnified
(d) new image willbe real inverted and smaller in size
8. A ray of light has speed va' frequency fa and
wavelength "-0 in vacuum. When this ray of light 13. A converging lens is used to form an image on a
enters in a medium of refractive index 1.1. screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by
an opaque screen
corresponding values are v,fand "-.Then
(a) half of the image willdisappear
(a)fe:.0. (b),,-:="-o (b) complete image willbe formed

(C)ve:vo " (d)fe:fo " (cl intensity of the image willincrease

(d) intensity 01the image willdecrease

"
9. There are three optical media I, 2, and 3 with their
14. A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium falls
on a surface separating the medium from air at an
refractive indices 1.11>112> 113' angle of incidence 45 G
• The ray undergoes total
(TIR ---t total internal reflection) internal reflection. If n is the refractive index of the
(a) when a ray of light travels from 3 to 1 no TIRwilltake medium with respect to air, select the possible value
place (s) of n from the following
(b) critical angle between 1 and 2 is less than the critical (a) 1,3 (b) 1.4 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.6
angle between 1 and 3
(c) critical angle between 1 and 2 is more than the critical 15. A horizontal ray of light passes
angle between 1 and 3 through a prism of 1.1e: t5 whose
(d) chances of TIRare more when ray of light travels from apex angle is 4 and then strikes a
0

1 to 3 as compared to the case when it travels from 1 Vertical mirror M as shown. For
to 2 the ray to become horizontal,
either just after reflection from the
10. Parallel rays of light are falling on convex spherical mirror or finally, the mirror must
surface of radius of curvature R = 20 cm as shown. be rotated through an angle of
Refractive index of the medium is 11'" 1.5. After
refraction from the spherical surface parallel rays (b) 3"

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422 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

16. The image (of a real object) famled by a concave (e) If Pol >Po2. then there cannol be a virtual image of
mirror is twice the size of the object. The focal length virtual object
ofthe mirror is 20 em. The distance ofthe object from (d) If III >J.l2. then there cannot be a real image of real
the mirror is (arel object
(a) 10 em (b) 30 em (0) 25 em (d) 15 em
18. A small air bubble is trapped inside a transparent
11. Two refracting media are separated by a spherical cube of size 12 em. When viewed from one of the
interface as shown in the figure. vertical faces, the bubble appears to be at 5 cm from
it. When viewed from opposite face, it appears at
", ", 3 cm from it.
(a) The distance of the air bubble from tne first face is
7.5cm
(b) The distance of the air bubble from the second
(a) If!l2 >111- fhen there cannot be a real image of feal face is 6 em
object (e) Refractive index of the matenal of the prism is ~
(b) If).12 > Ill. then there cannot be a real image of virtual 3
object (d) Refractive index of the materia! of ~he prism is 1.5

C. Comprehension Type Duestions

Passage I (Q. Nos. 1-21 A ray of light falls 011 an Passage m
IQ. Nos. 5-61 In oose of convex lens, when
equilateral prism ABC as shoum. Facl! AC of the prism object is nwved from f to 2f, its inwge is reaL inverted
is polished. and mngnifted. It nwvesfrom iJJ.finityto 2j on other side.

5. Focal length of a convex lens is 10 em. When the

object is moved from 15 cm to 25 em, the magnitude
of linear magnification.
(a) will increase
(b) will decrease
(c) will first increase then decrease
(d) will first decrease then increase

1. What is the refractive index ).1 of the material of the 6. Image of

prism so that when the ray falls on face Be (after
reflecting from Aq it makes an angle 60 with it ?
(a) J3 (b) J2 (e) 2
0

(d) 1,5
object
shown
AB
in
figure will be
like
1
2F
B'\,
A F
I
&-
-e
2. With the value cfll calculated above fmd total deviation.
when the ray of light finally emerges from Be
A'

'>
(a) 120" (b) 180" (c) 150~ (d) 90" (al 1 1
F 2F
Passage II [Q. Nos. 3-41 MagnifICation by a of lens

-e
an object at distance 10 cmfrom it is-2 Now a second
lens is placed exru:tly at the same position where fITst
UXlS kept, without changing the distance between object A'
(b) I I
and lens. The magnifu::ation by this second lens is -3. F 2F
"B'
-e
3. Now both the lem:es are kept in contact at the same
place. What will be the new magnification?
13 12 6 5 A'
(a) -- (b) -- (ei --- (di -- (oi 1 1
5 7 11

4. What is the focal length of the combination when

7 F 2F
:{
both lenses are in contact?

(a) ~~ em (b) ~cm

17
12
(c) "7cm (d) 1: em (d)-11 F
1 I
2F
A'
),;,

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 423

Passage IV [Q. Nos. 15-16J A convex lens offocal A~Ai'

length 20 em and a concave lens of loca/length 10 em
are placed 20 em apart. In between them an object is
o I

placed at distance x from the convex lellS. I~I' "

2R '1

7. What is the value of x (in em) so that images formed

by both the lenses coincide? 9. If x'" 2R, then the value ofll is

(a) 20(../3-1)
r
(b}20 ••~-1 (a) 1.5 (b)2
,3 (c) 3 (d) ~
3
(e) ~r
,3
(d) 10(,13-1)

10. If x'" .""then the value ofll is

8. What will be the linear magnification produced by
(a) 1.5 (b)2
convex lens and concave lens individually?
(a) (J3+1land~ (b) '/3 and i (c) 3 (d) ~
3

(el (.J3+1)and(/3-1) (d) ..J3and(2-/3-3) 11. If an object is placed at a distance R from the pole of
first surface, then the real image is formed at a
Passage V [Q. Nos. 9-11] The Jl[}ure shows a distance R from the pole of the second surface after
transparent sphere of radius R and refractive index 11 • two refractions. The refractive indexll of the sphere is
An object 0 is placed at a distance x from the pole of given by
the first surfaee so that a real image is fanned at the
pole of the exactly opposite surface.
(a) 1.5 (b) 2 (c) 12 (d)~
3

D. Matrix Matching Type lJuestions

1. Match the following. 4. A ray of light falls normally on an equilateral prism of
refractive index Il '" .l3. Match the following table.
T!:IJ:;IIe-1 1)lblf!:-2
(A) convex mirror, virtual (P) Real Image Table-1 Table-2
object (P) 0"
(A) Anglei1
(B) concave mirror, virtual (0) Virtual Image
(B) Angle'1 (a) 90"
object
IC) concave iens, real (R) Magnified Image (C) Anglei2 (R) 60'
Object (0) Angle '2 (S) None
(0) convex lens. real Object (S) Diminished Image
5. For the figure shown match the following.
2. Match the followings for real object.
AS' f.l,
Table--1 Table-2

(A) Magnification m '" + 1 (P) Convex mirror

0
(a) Plane mirror
",
(B) Magnification m '" + =-
3
(C)
Magni r' 3
rcallon m '" + 2"
(R) Concave mirror ",
3. For a concave mirror offocal length 20 em, match the Table-1 Table--2
..)2
following. (ft.) !Ol (P)

Object Distance Nature 01 Imag_e _ "3

(A) 10 em (P) Magnified. inverted and real
(B) ", (0) ,itS
(8) 30 em
(C) 40 em
(0)
(R)
Equal size, inverted and real
Smaller, inverted and real Ie) ",", (R) ,13
(D) 50 em (S) Magnified, erect and virtual "3

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424 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

6. An object is placed at the focus of an equiconvex shown in table-I. Match the corresponding optical
lens. Match the following. instrument from table 2.

Tabls-1 Table-1 Table-2

Table-2
(A) If refractive Index of (P) Image becomes virtual (A) (P) Convex lens
lens is slightly
increased
(B) If radius of curvature (a) Image beco.-nes real
(B) ""-/' (Q) Concave lens
of the lens is slightly
increased (C) (R) Convex mirror

7. Match the following.

Image is magnified
Image is diminished
(D) /7 " (S) Concave mirror

10. A small particle is placed at the pole of a concave

Tab!e-1 Table-2
mirror and then moved along the principal axis to a
large distance. During the motion, the distance
(A) Power of convex (P) Positive power
between the pole of the mirror and the image is
mirror
(8) Power of concave (Q) Negative power measured. The procedure is then repeated with a
mirror convex mirror, a concave lens and a convex lens. The
(C) Power of plane mirror (R) Zero power graph is plotted between image distance versus
(0) Power of convex lens (S) Infinite power object distance. Match the curves shown in the
graph with the mirror or lens that is corresponding to
8. AB is the optic axis 0" it. (Curve 1 has two segmentsl
ofa Iens.Lensisnot A---------"-' ---B
shown in the figure.
D and I are the positions of object and image. Then
match the following.

Table-1 Table-2
(A) Lens is (P) Convex
Object Distance
(8) Image is (0) Concave
(C) Object Jies between (Al Real Table-1 Table-2
(S) Virtual (A) Convex Lens (P) 1
(T) f and 2f (B) Convex Mirror (Q) 2
(U) cannot say anything
(C) Concave Lens (R) 3
(0) Concave Mirror (S) 4
9. Four incident rays of light parallel to optic axis and
their path after passing through an optical system are

E. Integer Type Duestions

1. When an object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from a 4. In a plano-convex lens radius of curvature of the lens is
concave mirror, the image is formed at a distance of 10 cm. If the plane side is polished, then the magnitude
10 cm. If the object is moved with a speed of9 cm/s, of the focal length of the mirror so formed will be
find the speed (in cm/s) with which image moves. (Refractiveindex = L5)(2x) em. Find value of x.
2. A point object a is placed on the principal axis of a
convex lens of focal length 10 cm at 12 cm from the 5. How much water (in cm) should be filled in a
lens. When object is displaced 1 mm along the container of height 12 cm. so that it appears half filled
principal axis magnitude of displacement of image is to the observer when viewed from the top of the
Xl' When the lens is displaced by 1 mm container (j.J. = 4/ 3).
perpendicular to the principal axis displacement of
image is x2 in magnitude. Find the value of ~. 6. A plane mirror is placed along the y-axis such that
x, x-axis is normal to the plane of the mirror. The
reflecting surface of the mirror is towards negative
1. A convex lens of focailength 30 cm forms a real image
x-axis. The mirror moves in positive x-direction with
three times larger than the object on a screen. Object
and screen are moved until the image becomes twice .uniform speed of 5 m/s and a point object Pis moving
the size of the object. If the shift of the object is 6 cm. with constant speed 3 m/s in negative x-direction.
The shift of screen is (7x) cm. Find value of x. Find the speed of image with respect to mirror in m/s.

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Answers
forJEEMain
Only One Option is Correct
1. (d) 2. (el 3. (b) 4. (e) 5. Ibl 6. (e) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (e)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (e) 15. 1'1 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (e) 25. 101 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (e) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (e) 43. (d) 44. (e) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (a)

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

t. (d) 2. (aorb) 3. (b) 4. loJ 5. (c) 6. {al 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (e)
, 1. (a) 12. (d) 13. (e) 14. 1'1 15. (a) 16. (d)

for JEE Advanced

A. Only One Option is Correct
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10'. (a)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (e) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (e) 18. (b) 19. (e) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (e) 25. (b) 26. (e) 27. (e) 28. (a) 29. (e) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (e) 34. (e) 35. (a) 36. (e) 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (e) 45. (b) 46. (e) 47. (e) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (e)
51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (e) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (b) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (b)
61. (d) 62. (d)

B. More than One Option is Correct

1. (a, d) 2. (a d) 3. (a. b) 4. (d) 5. (a, e. dl 6. (a e)
7. (a. e) 8. (b, e. dl 9. (a. c. d} 10. (a, d) 11. (a. c) 12. (a. c}
13, (b, dl 14. (c. d) 15. (a. d) 16. (a, b) 17. (a. c) 18. (a, d)

c. Comprehension Type Questions

1. (b) 2, (e) 3. (e) 4. (al 5. (b) 6. (e) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (e) 10. (b)
11. (b)

D. Matrix Matching Type Questions

1. (A) p.a,A.S (8) P,S. (C) O,S (0) p.aRS 2. (A} Q. (8) P, (C) R 3. (A) S, (8) P, (e) a, (0) R
4. (A) p. (8) P, (e) S, (0) R 5. (A) a. (B) P, {C} R 6. (A) a,A. (8) P,R
7. (A) Q. (S) P, (C) R. (O} P 8. (A) a. (B) S, (C) U 9. (A) A. S (B) p. Q. (C) P, a (0) R, S
10. (A) P, (Bl Q. (C) D, (0) P

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Hints and Solutions

forJEEMain i =2C05-1 (nj2)
Only One Option is Correct
,
1. Person can see the image of PO ,,
; ,
PQ=O.6m ,

0.6mJ'.5m O.3~
1.4m
---_ a.
a.8m
.P.
f
I,
• . ..... .....
12

150m
11
-

250m
55 om
.J3 = sin 50"
3. Using mirror formula for concave mirror sinr
or R=30"

f
_ 10"-

-- •.•
"
(n.n'~.~~n..n~...nnl'
• I
we can see that angle between rays c and d is go""

a.. sm8c=sln9=-=--
- IlR eiVs
IlD elVA
=-=_
vA
Va
II
Va
_. I
22.5 -x 22.5-x v
va =--
1 1 1 sine
---+-=-
-{45-x) -x -10 9. Be=sin-1 (~)=450
Solving this equation we get,
x = 15cm
1 1 ,
4.-+-=-
v -20 -12
v = -30cm

Iml=I~1 sini
3 Now.
=- 11 = sinr
2
Image speed = I m f (object speed) J2=~
sin 3D"
9
=-x4 i =45 0

4
10.12=0 '2 ==0
= 9cmjs
In case of reflection, object and image travel in opposite But 'l+'2=A
directions, 'I ==A
sini i
5As
• U --t oc or ~'O{"d.
u
--t • V --t or -
v
--t -
f
an vICe V81Sa Now,
"=-.---
sln'l '1
1

6. n = ~ = 2sin(i/2)cos(ii2) DC ii==Wl
sin i/2 sinV'2)
==j.tA==i

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 427

11 1 32 _ 1-3'2 20.t_d2-i!- (gof - (20f

'Y--+30-+20 4d 4x90
v=40cm
=21.4cm
12.-:(1.5-1)
1 ('--- ')
-24 2R A '2 :: 9c :: sin-' (~) :: 45"

~ R=6cm and 2R=12cm

" ::A-'2 =15"
13. Point 0 is second focus of L, and first focus of 4!.. Now applying
14. _'_=(P_l}(..!._..1..) sini,
-10 '" R "=-.-
=IT
sin "
,,-1) :-'-
R 10 m ~::~

sin 15"

=ll
sin i, :: (sin 45" cos 30" - cos 45" sin 30").J2
,13-1
:--
2

,:2,,)_2,,-1) ..
/,=sln -1(,13-1)
-2-
Now
f R.< R1
"" 2,,-1) 22. (l = critical angle
=~----
• -R 0, = deviation of refraction
2(jl-l) 2 1 i-,=90"-a
:--=-=-
R 10 5
82 :: deviation of reflection
f = Scm
:: 180" -2a
15. Angle between two velocities is2e. , I ' ~ -01 ::90o_a
•• Vrel =~~+..? -2vvsin28 (+"1 23.
a, ,
=2vsin8 ,,
16. Image of real object is real, inverted and diminished.
Therefore mirror must be concave. Ray diagram is as shown •
below
o The incident and the second reflected ray make the same

, p
angle e with vertical. Therefore, they are para'iel lor any value
018.

f 24. sin 91 :: _,_ and sin 82 :: -'-

Ilg Ilw
M
Since, Ilg >Ilw. 8, <82
17.).11 sina =1l2 sina2 Critical angle 9 between glass and water will be given by

sin8::llw or 8>82
(~~ ) sin a, = (~~ ) sina2 "9
25. Hollow convex lens is as shown in figure.
where, 1..0= wavelength in vacuum.

.. A2=sinu2 "1
Sinal

18. Ii =(i, + i2)-A

A=(i1 + 12)-0
={15°+ 600}_30° 11 f2
Hollow glass lens
:::45°
19. Rear-view mi(ror is convex. Therefore image is formed
between pole and focus, Hence, it is smaller and closer than . 1 ( 1 ') (as R,: "')
~=(ug-1)R1-R.2 =0
the object.

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428 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

30. When magnification is +2.

Similarly, t.? ::: 00
u=-x
Therefore. a hollow convex lens of any material will behave v=-2x
like a glass plate.
f=+20
26. let'" 12 and 1300 the images formed by 1 1 1
,-to Using ---=- wehave
A 0 , u 1
1 1 1
o --+-=~
-2x x 20
or x=10cm
c To have a magnification of - 2
....-..
2.5cm u=-y
(i) refraction from ABC v= + 2y
(ii) reflection from DEF and and f=+2O
(iii) again refraction from ABC 1 1 1
~+-=~
Then 81, :::(5)llg ::: (5)(1.5)::: 7.5 em 2y Y 20

Now E/, ={l.S +2.S}=10cm or y=30cm

.. E/2 :::10 em behind the mirror .. y-x=2Ocm
Now 8/2 =={10+2.5)=12.5cm 31. Concave lens forms the virtual image of a real object. So let
- 12.5 _ 12.5 _ 833
813-----
.. em
Ilg 1.5
o
27. Critical angle6c =sin -I (~)

=sin-1 G)::: 3D" 3,

4,
,

if A> 26c the ray does nol emerge from the prism. So, u=-4x and v=-x then3x=10cm
maximum refracting angle can be 60 <>
10
x =-cm
28. " =,I2,A=60', 3=30' 3
For the minimum deviation 40
u=--cm
"n. (A+3
3
-- m] 10
Il = 2 and v=--cm
s;n(~] Substituting in
1
3
- = ---
1
1 , u
Substituting the values of A and Il we see thaI om ::: 3D"
1 -3 3
i.e., the given deviation 0 ::: 30 "is really a minimum deviation We get -=-+-
f 10 40
(1m' At minimum deviation the ray inside the prism is parallel
to the base in case of an equilateral prism. f=_40
9
29. let R be the radius of curvature of each sur1ace. Then
f=-4.4cm
7=(1.5-1)(~+~) :. R=( 32. As shown in figure the distance between the lenses should
be 30 em.
For the water lens

HH(+~HH]
2
-=--
r 31
1 1 1 1
Now using -=-+-+-wehave
Ff1~f3
111122431
,
-=-+-+-=---=- :.F=- f,=20cm f2=10cm
Ffff'f3l31 4

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 429

33. Image will be formed at infinity if object is placed at focus of ---=--

,
the lens i.e., at 20 em from the lens. Hence, 2u2 u2 20

shift = 25- 20 = (1- ~)t or u2=lOcm

:. Distance between two positions of the object areu, -u2
or 30cm-10cm=20cm
DC 5= ('--'-)'
'5 39. LOPO = LOOP =B
5x1.5
or f=--:15cm 3B = 180 0

0.5
B=60°
34. For an equilateral prism the ray inside the prism will be
parallel to the base at min:rnum deviation.
40. Deviation by a sphere is 2(i - ()
o
AI minimum deviation'1 ='2 = ~ = 30°
Here, deviation 0 = 60° = 2 {i - ()
sin;, sin60° (../312) or ;-(=30°
"=-=--=--
sin '1 sin 30° (V2) (=i-30o= 600_30°=300
" =J3 l.l=sini = sin 60° =./3
sin ( sin 30 0

35. The given lens is a convex lens. Let the magnification be i'n,
then for real image
, , , 41. The two slabs will shift the image a distance
-+-=-
mx x f
... (')
d (1-~)t
=2
. ,- 1 1 1
and Ior V1rtuaImage -- + - =- ... (2)
=2(1-~')(1,5)=1.0Cm
-myyf
'5
From Eq, (1) and Eq. (2), we get
T~erefore, final image will be 1 cm above point P.
f=x+y
42. For equiconvex lens
2
36. Here, u=-(f-l) IR,I=IR"I='='Ocm
if l.lg=1.5
\/=-(1+1)
No P=2PL +PM

Applying
, , , f ::+f

- - - = - , we have or -~=2~-1)(~1-~)-~
v u ,

~(f+1}
,
---+--=-
({-1)
"
f
=2(1.5-1)(-'---'-)-~
10 -10 -10

or {2-2f-l=O F=-2.5cm
Therefore, the system will behave like a concave mirror of
This gives f = (.f2 + 1)em. focal length 2.5 crn.
37. (a)..!. + -'- = _,_ 43. The lens win converge the rays at its focus ie" 30 em from
II -20 +10
the lens or 20 cm from the refracting surtace
20
v=~cm Pf,=20cm
3
1 , , 30=
(b)-+-=-
II -10 +10
11= + Scm
38. For real image
u:-u1. V=-2Ul.f=-20cm
1 1 ,
Substituting in - + - =-

we gel ----=--
v u ,
, lOcm 20cm

-2u, u, 20 3
Pf2 =l.l (PI,)=-x20= 30 em
or u, =30cm So, the rays will converge
2
at a distance of 40 cm from the
For virtual imageu = ---U2' v = 2U2. f "" -20 cm lens.

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430 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

44. In the figure Applying Snell's law,

J.1Dsini =J.1R sinr'
liDsinr =IlR sin(90" -r)=IlRcoS r
IlR =tanr
"0
8c ",sin-l(~~) =sin-l(t~nr)
I I
40=
u=-(10+f) Assertion-Reason Type Questions
v=(40+f)
,. Object is not kept at focus.
and f=+f
1 1 1
Using ---
, u I
== -we have ,
F c,
1 1 1
--+--~-
40+( 1O+{ f 1-+------+1 • •Il •I
10cm tOcm 10cm
Solving this we get f = 20 em
3. For virtual objects image may be real.
NOTE We can also apply Newton's formula xlx2 =,2
5. 8c "'sin-1 (~) and~ is maximum for violet light,
45. If object is towards infinity its image will be towards focus.

46.A=~ 1. The minimum distance is 4f.

I
In moving from air to glass. f remains unchanged while v 9. Twinkling is due to refraction of light.
decreases, Hence, A.should decrease, 12. Focal length of mirror does not depend on the medium on
47. let €Ie be the critical angle at which mirror is kept.
A
face BG, then 13. Frequency of light is only source dependent.
, Pw 4/3 8
SlnElc =-~-~-
).1g 3/2 9 for JEE Advanced
Angle of incidence at face
Be is; =e, A. Only One Option is Correct
c
Tolal internal reflection (fIR) ,. '2 =0° A=30.
will lake place on this surface if,
•• (1 ",A '" 30°
i >9c
and i1'" 60°
or e >8c
:. 11 =sini, = sin 60° =../3
or sine >sin6c sin (1 sin 30°
or Sjne>~
2. A=om =60°
1 1
48. P=Pl +~ =--+-- At minimum deviation i = ( A +20m) = 60°
1,Im} ,(m)
1 1
~---=-1.5D
0.4 0.25
y
49. r +,' + 90<>= 180" "
3. '" o
". , ,,
,,
• ,,
90. Denser
Rarer ~ ~
( IVol=lvil
~ ~(2i' + (21' ~2-J2mis
('=90"-( Relative velocity of image with respect to object IS in
Further, i =f negative x-direction as shown in figure.

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 431

4. Al U c=.f (focal length)

at u '" 0 (i.e., object is at pole)

s, s,
v == 0 (image IS also at pole)
,
Satisfying these two conditions only option (a) is correct. ' ....•
24 -x
5. For a pla'le refracting surface, the lateral magnification is 1.
Thus, the image of the coin will be of the same size as the
coin itself. 1 1 1
--+--=- .. (2)
6. Applying !!.?__ 111 = ~2...:b 2
Y 24- x 9
,u R
Solving Eqs, {1} and (2), we gel
1 1.5 1-(1.5)
----=-- x=6cm
v (-u) -R
10 1_2n_ 2(n-l)
or
1 3
-+-=-
1 . t;--:;----:;R .... (1 )
II 2u 2R
1 2n 2(n-1)
1 3 -=----- ... (2)
For II to be positive ->-- (, -R •
2R 2u
Dividing Eq. (2) by Eq. (1) we get.
or u>3R
7. Critical angle between glass and liquid lace is
!L=~
~ n-l
. e
Sin c "
=312

== 211
3
Angle of incidenco al face AC is 60"
,
For TIR to lake place,
A
:::.:~:;:-: Liquid ::-::::-::.:::
•.•.•••• - --- C 11. The ray diagram is as shown
a
or sin 600:> 2~l x= ..fi
3 45~~
~45'
3f3 .cd
"<-
1 1 1
4 B
.,
, 5"
,
P

,
8. For near end of itle rod - '" - + -
( u ,
Here, U <Incl , are negative 12. In Ihe first case, let x be the
distance of object from the mirror. Then
.. Ivl=~ u=-x
u- (
v: + 2x
Far end of the Brd is at :ntimty, Therefore. image will be
lormoo at locus, f=-t
1 1 1
.. Lenglho!lheimage =lvl-f
u(
Using
,
- + - =-
u (

=-- -/ 1 1 (
u- f or ---:-- or x:-
2x x ( 2
/2 In the second case, lei y be the distance 01 object from the
=
u- ( mirror. Then

9. In this case one 01the image will be real and the other VIrtual
u =- y, v:-2y
Let us assume Ihal image 0151 is real and that of 52 is virtual. .cd f:-f

Applying
1 1 1
~ - - =~ So ----=--1
1 1
v u f - 2y Y f
3
For5,
1 1 1
Y"""2'
-+-=-
Y 9 ;0:
(I) So, object will have to be moved by a distance of y - x or f.

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432 Chapler 14 Ray Optics

A
13.;, =i2 ",90",f, ='2 =~=30()

lJ=s~nil",2
Sin "

14.
1 1. ,,
B

,
• 22, From the figure it is clear that the angle between incident ray
6cm ~ 3x
and the emergent rfJ:t is 90°,
I' 2(6+x) '1
Incidentray E~rgent ray
1 1 1
-+-=-
3x )( ,
4 1 ~
or -=- ... (1) I
,
,90"
'
3x I
1 1 1
=> ".
---+--=-
2(6+ x) 6+x f
3 1
... (2) 23. Distance of image from the plane
or 2(6+x)='
surface is
Eqs. (1) and (2) gives
4 3 Xl :=..i.:=2.5cm (dapp :=dac1ual)
-=---
3x 2(6+ xl
1.6 l 11

9x=48+8x
for the curved side 16 + 1..:= 1-1.6
4 x2 -8 >-----<
x = 48cm Born
.. x2 "'-3.Dcm
Shift of screen = 3)( - 2 (6 + xl
The minus sign means the image is on the object side
=3x48-2(6+48)
.. '1'2 ",(8-2,5-3.0) cm
= 36cm
",2.5cm
15, Net power will decrease or focal length will increase. For real
24. letd' be the diameter of refracted beam, Then
image v is positive, u is negatrve and f is poSitive. From lens
formula (substituting all values with sign),
1 1 1
-+-=-
, u I
u is constant, f is increasing. So v will also increase.
16. Let focallenglh of convex lens is +f, then length of concave
lens would be -~ f.
2
From the given condition, d ",PQcos 60°
1 1 2 1 and d'",PQ cos r
-=---=-
3013131 d' cos r
i.e., - = --- "'2cos'
.. f=10cm d cos 60°
Therefore, focal length of convex lens = + 10 em d' :=2dcosr
and that of concave lens = - 15cm. . sin; J3/2 1
17. At face AB, the ray of light suffers no deviation. s,nr"'--;-"'372'" J3
AI face AC
cos r:= Jl-sir1 r '" ~
1 1 \3
"=--=--
sin (9c) sin 45"
d' = (2) (2) ~ = 4Jf em
Ilmin :=.J2
"'326 cm

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 433

25. Distance of first image (I,) formed after refraction from the A
plane surface of water is
10 0,, x=+50cm
-",7.6cm ,,
4/3 x=-40cm ,
from water surface (dapp, == da~ual ) .
30cm y 60cm
"
'1
>0----0<
Now distance of this image is 5 + 7.5 "'12,5 em from the 10=
plane mirror. Therefore. distance of second image (12)will 30. Focal length of plano convex lens is
also be equal 10 12.5 em from the mirror.
26. L ABO = LOAB =cae H~-l)(,~
-~)
.• 1 2 or f ",20cm
Slnc=-=-
.u 3 If point object a
is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the
Applying Snell's law at A plano-convex lens rays become parallel and linal image is
sini 3 formed al second focus or 20 cm from concave lens which is
--~- independent of b.

~mm~l
sin8c 2
31. Only one image will be formed by this lens system. Because
s,n;~(~)s;n., optic axis of both the parts coincide. Two images were
formed if their optiC axis would have been different.
or i=90° 32. The ray diagram is as shown below
27. Oprism=(jl-l)k,,:(1,5-1)4°=2" From two similar triangles

~
4'
,. 0
,. 2! 2!
h

,.
h /
-~-
d,'2 2/
=1jJ.-l)A+(180-2i) 2h 1 d
0< -"'- 0< h",~
=(1.5_1)4° +(180-2x2°) d 2 4
=2°+ 176'=178"
33. Object is placed at a distance of 2J from the lens (f '" focal
, , 1
28. -=-+- length of lens) i.e., the image lOI"med by the lens will be at a
F '1 t.? distance of 2J or 20 cm from the lens. So. if the concave
mirror is placed in this position, the first image will be formed
0' -=(u,-1)
1
F ('-+-
.,.,R ')
+UJ.2-1)('---
-Roo ') at its pole and it will reflect all the rays symmetrically to other
:).11 -).12 side as shown below and the final image will coincide with
R the object.
R
F~--
11,-112

29. Linear magnification m = - 2cm '" - 2

lem o
i.e .• image is real and inverted.
Ivl 21ul
0
20cm 20cm
let lul=x then Ivl=2x
34. Let'1 and ~ be the focal lengths in water Then
Now 'ul+lvl=50-(-40)=90
x+2x=90 or x=30cm 'f,- : (l'Ilw1. - ,)('R- + '-)R
Hence, distance 01 object tram the lens is 30 cm and of
image is 60 cm. Therefore, lens shOUld be located at
x '" - 10 cm as shown in figure. '-~(l'1.
'1 Ilw
-,)('3.)R .. (1 )

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434 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

-,
~.(~:-1)(+~)
~.(~:-'l(-:) ... (2)
, x-zplllfle(t)

Adding EQs. (1) and (2), we get r ct+dj

1 1 2iJ,l,-1J2)
-+-=-~--
'1 -2 J1wR
1 2fJ.t,-1l2)
DC 38. The emergent ray becomes parallel 10 the incident ray after
30 = IlwR
two reflections from two mirrors placed at right angles.
fJ.t, -112 ) = -6()-
"wR
39. {shiflh =( 1- J.l:} =( 1- ~2)9=3cm
Substituting the values
4x 15
1J.t,-1l2)=-- (shilth = (1- ~;} = (1- ~)9= 1cm
. 3x60

.-1
3
.. Distance between two images
= (shifth - (shifth = 2 cm
35. Since, the refractive index is changing, the light cannollravel
in a straight line in the liquid as shown in options (e) and (d). 40. d. y+ "(h- Y)'''''-iI' -1)y
Initially it will bend towards normal and after reflecting trom oJ
Here, (A = area of tank)
the bottom it will bend away from the normal as shown
Y="A
below, d • "" _ iI' - 1/>1
A

i\ --y
i.e., d -( graph is a straight line

4---- ,
with negative slope and positive
intercept. But d
constant after y = H.
becomes

41. From ray diagram we can see

1 1 1 that image of 0 is above C.
36.From---:-wehave
v u f. This can also be proved by using
1 1 1
-+-=-
b a I
J.l2 _J.ll =J.l2 -J.ll
,U R
DC ,=~
a+ b
... (1) Try it yourself.

Further Ad + ad = Ali
or (if +c2)+(tl +c2)={a+bf 42. For TIR not to take place at AB
or cl+tl+2c2=cJ+tl+2ab sin i <1l2 .. (1)
.. ab=c2
Applying Snell"s law
",
Substituting this in Eq. (1), we gel
III sin i =J.l2 sin e
c'
1.--
a+ b sine=~sini

37. Applying Snell's laws:

",
Now, TIR not to take place on CD
III sin i =1l2 sin r sine < J.l3
",
m(N :b' ].2(~/+d'] 1:1. sin i < ~
112 112
Here. N +b' .~c'
+d'.1
sin i < J.l3 .. (2)
a 4
-=-
c 3
",
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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 435

As 113 <112 48. In t.ORQ
Therefore, 1.13 < 112
111 III

'.
R

c '"
0,
0

'e
~
A
;1 0,
B

8+ 900 + 4SJ + - =1800 •

2
So, if condition (2) is salisfied. condition (1) is automatically
satisfied. t1=3oo

43.(~o2-1m- -~HH(~-~) 49. Velocity 01 object with respect to the mirror i

~
YOM = Vo
~ ~
-VM
Solving this, we get)..lo '" 12
=(-i-j-3k)
44. For image to coincide with the object ray of light should
In. velocity of image with respect to mirror component
retrace its path or it should fall normally on plane surface.
perpendicular to mirror just reverts back.
Applying, 112 _Ill =112 -111
.. Velocity of image with respect to mirror ..
'U R
~ ••• ~-+
For spherical surface, vim =(-i - j + 3kj=v,- vM
Il
---=--
-)(
1 11-1
+R
~ '.
vl=(-l-j+3k}+vM
. ~

R R =(3i+4j+llk)
,=-- =--=2R
1..1-1 3/2-1 50. For DC
, P(lm, ~'3ml 1 1
-+-=-
1

'I
v -15 -10

45.
!f"m v=-30cm
m=_..:-:=_(-30) =-2
x~ u (-15)
1m '
.,=(rri')!'ill = (-2f (lmm)

=4mm
A'D' = B"C' = 4mm (as rrf = 4)
46. d=(H-X)+~=H-X(l-~):H-~ D'C' = A' B' =2 mm (asm=-2)
.. Total perimeter is 12 mm.
d - X graph is a straight line with positive intercept and
negative slope. 51. In the above solution (with same data)
1 1 1 m=-2
47. From---=-,wehave
, u I .. Velocity of image (perpendicular to principal axis)
1 1 1
----"'- .. v=30cm = m I I (object speed)
v -60 20
= 4mm/s
.. Distance between object and screen is therefore
52. lateral shill is given by
d"'lul+lvl=90cm
Further magnification in first position will be d=[r 1_ cosS J\Sina
v 30 1 Jn2 _sin2 8
rTIj "'(7= -60 "'-2 If angle of incidenceS is small. then we can write
Since, m, x f12 '" 1 11'2 =-2 cosS"'1.tsin8",t8
i.e" distance of Object from lens in second position will be and ~r~~2-_-S-in"~.-.
n
30 cm and its image distance from the lens is
d =te(n-1)
(90 - 30)= 60cm
n

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436 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

53. Angle of incidence i is small 57. Giventhat: =v

In the figure,

--=-
'f-l------
I,
-, X ••• Y II
""
x+y
h y

3y=x+ y
ORa ,
Therefore we can write, Y=2
iii
J.l.=- or r •••-=-
, • 3 : =~(:)
tani .••i=OO v
PO or Speed 01shadow =-
2
tan(i_rJ ••i_r=2i ",RQ ~ ' '
3 PO 58. vI = (vcos28) I + (Vsin28) j

Dividing the two equations we have. Image

Velocity = v
3 00
-=-
2 RQ .

RQ=~OO=~(~)=~
OR=---=-
2 3 6
d d d
~Obj'ct
VelOCity = v
'L,
.• Diameter of the beam at the base of the hemisphere 59. Apparent depth of A

=2 (OR) = "-
3
54. y = 10coiS
~!::il!ili [.~h,[['i:ill!lil:1
A B

10m
Apparent depth of B
(- :) = (10cose2a{:J d, =(ho +",)
4'3
~(h +~)
4 ''1 "~
vp =(10cosec2S)w

= (2ltf)(l0cosec2 37°) d2-d, =(~-~)f'2 =3mm

= (2)(n) (~) (10) (2:) = 500 m/s

60, Using the lens formula we have,
1 1 1
---=-
55. Ray diagram of the ray incident at B;s only correct. v -15 +10
v:+30cm
56. Given sin e = ~
5
0' e = 37°
i = 90-8 = 530

.=-.-
Slni
slnr
4 sin 53" (4:5)
,+.~~-~,
10cm 20cm
I~'~~'I

-=--=-
3 sinr sinr
" v=30 em "
r=37° PI, =R=20cm
R
a = 53"=sin-1 (4/5) f=-=10cm
2

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 437

61. Using lens formula 4. Without knowing the actual value of Il we cannot find '1 and
1 1 1 ~.
---=-
v-3D +20
5. For convex mirror (positive local length) image is always
v=+60cm
smaller in size, For concave mirror (negative focal length)
v +60 image is smaller when object lies beyond 21,
m=-=-=-2
u -30
sin(A+8m)
Optic axis of lens is at distance 2,5 em from lop.
6. Fromj.l = .~
sin -
x p y 2
•
t 0.5 em We can see that 8m = 30° lor Il = .J2 and A == 600

........ opirc.a~is.(j{je;is--... -11.0 em Further, at minimum deviation,

A
......
---
....
------
...............•
I '1='2 =_=30°
!-.to .j 2
30 em 60 em sin i1= 11sln'l
Therefore taking into consideration the value of m (= - 2~ = (.;'2) sin 30° = ~
image is as shown in figure. ,2
;1 =45 0

B. More than One Option is Correct

7. Ray passes undeviated when III =112 or ray is normal or
1. Final image is for'11ed at infinity if the combined focal length angle'of incidence is 0°.
of the two lenses (in contact) becomes 30 em or
1 1 1 8. Ir passing from vacuum to a medium, frequency remains
-=-+- unchanged while speed and wavelength decreasesll times.
3020f
!=-60em 9. TiR takes place when ray of light travels from denser to rarer
medium.
i.e., when anolherconcave lens of focal length 60 em is kept
in contact with the firsllens. Further,sin812 =112 and sin 813 =1l3
III III
Similarly, letJ1 be the refractive index of a liquid in which focal
length of the given lens becomes 30 em. Then Since. &:>~
III III
2~=(~-1)(~1-~) (1) 812 :> 813

3~=eJ12 -1)(~1- ~)
Smaller the value of critical angle, more are the chances of
TIR.
(2)
10 Using 112 _Ill = 112- III we gel
From Eqs. (1) and {2}, we get . 'v u R'
9
11 =- ~_2.E.= 1.5-1.0 or v=+60cm
8 , 20
2. Real image is smaller in size if Object hes beyond 2f and it is Since v is positive, the rays actually meet.
farger if object lies between 1and 2f. 11. m = + Z means image is virtual, erect and magnified. Virtual
3. If image is virtual. Then magnified image can be formed only by a concave mirror
suppose u = -x, then v = +2x ard that too when object lies between pole and focus,

From the m'rror formula

1
-+-
1 1
=- or
1 1 1
---=- or x=~
1
12. ,',=(i-l)(~,-~l
v u 1 2x x -I 2
If image IS real. Then Iw~ter=(~-1)(~1 - ~)
suppose u = ~y then v = - 2y From these two equations we get.
Again applying the mirror fcrmula
fwale.- = 4 fair = 41
1 1 1
---=-- In air object was inverted, real and magnified, Therefore,
-2y Y 1 object was lying between 1 and 21. Now the focal length has

0'
3
2y =, 1 changed to 4 f. Therefore, the object now lies between pole
and focus. Hence, the new image will be virtual and
magnified,
3
y=-f
2

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438 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

13. When upper half of the lens is covered, image is formed by

the rays coming from lower half of the lens. Or image will be
formed by less number of rays. Therefore, intensity of image
ac=:l"~
will decrease. But complete image will be formed,
Second First
14. For total internal reflection to take place
C. Comprehension Type Questions
Angle of incidence, i > critical angle, Be
1. Different angles by geometry and tne given condilio'lS are
or sin i > sin Be
shown in figure.
. ,,1 1 1
DC Sin 45 >- or r;;;>-
n ,,2n J.l= sin 45" =./2
Sin 30"
or n>J2 or n>1.414
Therefore, possible values of n can be 1.5 or 1.6 in the given
options.
15. 0 =" -1)A = (1.5- 1){4)= 2'
i =0 =2"
If we rotates the mirror 2", clockwise ray of light will fall
normally and it will retrace its path. If mirror is rotated 1"
clockwise, it will not retrace path but becomes horizontal.
16. Real Image e
Let u=-x
Then v =-2x (asm",-2) 2,STolal=Sp+SO +SR
Now: = (45~- 3D") + (180" -2 x 30") + (45" - 30")
1 1 1 = 150"
-+-=-
-21. -x -20
3. & 4. Magnification is negalive. Therefore, lens is convex
x=30cm 1'1 =mlul.
Virtual Image u is negative and v is positive,
Let u =-y 1 1 1
-+-"'- . (I)
Then v=+2y (as m=+2) 20 10 '1
1 t 1 1 1 1
Now, -+-=-
+2y -y -20
-+-=- ... (2)
30 10 -'.:!
.. y=10cm 1 1 1 1 1
~+-"'-=-+- .. (3)
17. For real objectu '" -ve v 10 , '1 -'.:!
From these three equations, we get
III =~=Ill-Il~
v -u +R 60
v=-cm
Il, III -ll2 112 11
-;=--R--u v 60/11 -6
m=-=--=-
1f1l2 >Il, thenv=-ve So image is virtual.
u -10 11

For virtual object u = +ve From Eqs. (1) and (2),

III _ 112 = III -1l2 1111111
-=-+-=-+-+-+-
v +u +R , '1 -'.:! 20 30 10 10
III =1l1-1l2 + 112 30 60
DC '=-cm=-cm
, R u 8.5 17
IIll1 >J.l2,thenv=+ve So image is real. 5.1 u I is continuously increasing while I "I is decreasing,
18.x+y=12 ...(1) Hence, I m I ""L1will decrease.
lui
~=5 ... (2)
6. First thing image will be Inverted, real and magnllied.
"1=3 ... (3) Second thing As we move the object from F to 2F, image
moves from infinity to 2F. In moving from F to 2F, poinl
"
Solving these three equations we get, A comes first therefore in moving from infinity to 2F its image
/( will come firs!.
x = 7,5cm, y '" 4.5cmand Il =1.5

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Chapter 14 Ray Optics 439

O. Matrix Matching Type Questions

7. 1. (Al For convex mirror
, 1 1
-+ -=:-
, " 1
I- x -+- 20 - x-----l 1 1 1
-=:---
, 1 u
or
'" (-"-' --)
For convex lens: " -I
1 Now, II may be positive and negative
---"-
-, -, 20
1 1
0' ,,
---=:-
20
...(1)

For concave lens:

1 1 , I I
Again m can be greater than or less than 1.
" --
-(20-\1)
, -(20-x)
,
-10 (B) For concave mirror
DC -----"--
20 -I(
1
20-\1 -10 2 + _,_"
v+u-f
_,_ or v", _(l'!-)
f+u
Solving this equalion, we gel ... (2)
or II is always negative i.e., image is always real.
20(../3 -1)

and
'"~~-"cm
.,1'3
v =:20(,13 -l}cm
Further, Iml = I~I"-'-
u ~+1
f
8, Magnification by convex lens: i.e., m is always less than 1 or image is always diminished.
\I, - II V
m,"-"-"- 2. A -+ m = + 1means image is erect and of same size, Plane
u, - x x mirror forms such image.
20(-/3 -1)
B -+ m '" + ~ means image is erect and smaller in size.
" 20(n -1)1 To 3
Magnification by concave lens: Convex mirror forms such image.

1"n2=~ C -+ m = + ~ means image is erect and larger in size.

", 2
Concave mirror forms such image.
-(20-v) 20-1'
"----"-- 3. A -+ when object lies between pole and focus image is
-(20-x) 2O-x
virtual. magnified and erect.
40 -20J3
B -+ when object lies between focus and centre of
20 _ 2OjTo~
curvature, image is real, inverted and magnified.
13
C -+ when object lies at centre of curvature, image is real
"1213 -3) inverted and of equal size.
9).1 1_11-1
0-+ when object lies beyond centre of curvature, image is
. 2R - -2R - +R
real, inverted and smaller in size.
4. In equilateral prism A '" 6O~
10.~_~",1l-1
2R <>< +R For normal incidence i1 and '1 both are
zero.
•. J.l =2
Further, '1+'2=A
11. By symmetry. ray diagram should be as shown in diagram.
'2=A=60~
Using retraction formula for first surface, we have
sin i2
Applying
""-.- Sin '2

We have,
...'2 =llsln'2
sin '360
=..;"sln
03
='2

but sin i2V 1

:. TIR will take place on the other face.

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440 Chapter 14 Ray Optics

1 1
5. Applying Snell's law. we have, 3. ---=:-
3x -x +30
III sin 45° = J.L2sin 30° =113 sin 60°
x=:40cm and 3x=120cm
III _112 _ .J31l3
72-2--2-
t
6. For equiconvex lens,

7=~-1)(~+~)
2F,

,..
F,
~
~I ~
F, 2F,
r
~I
=2;'-1) 40= 120 em
R
To decrease the magnification object should be moved
By increasing 11,f will decrease. Hence, the object now lies
lowards2f.i.
between F and 2 F. Therefore. object will be real and
magnified. If R is increased. , will increase, Hence, object Hence image will move towards 2~. Lei displacement IS y.
now lies between optical centre and locus. Therefore, image Then:
is virtual and magnified. 2(40 + 6) = (120 - y)
7. Optical power means, power of bending of light falling on y =28cm
the optical instrument. Conventionally, converging nature of
power is taken as positive and diverging nature of power is
taken as negative.
8. From a concave lens image in always virtual, diminished and
erecl for any position of object.
2(15-1)
E. Integer Type QUBstions =
10
1. m =_~ =_ (-10) =_~
f =-10cm,
u (-30) 3

Vl=rrfvO
1
=9x-= 1cm/s
9
1 1 1
2.-=--=-
v -12 +10
v=+60cm
m=!.=(+OO)=_S
u (-12)
xl = (rrf )(1mm) 4
h=6x- =8cm
3
x2 =:(m)(1 mm)
6. VCM =8m1s
!l=:m=:S
'2 "1M = 8m1s

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