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    Chapter 1 Introduction To Industrial Engineering PDF

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    Sarah Aqirah

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    Chapter 1 Introduction To Industrial Engineering PDF

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Aqirah
    132 views33 pages

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    Chapter 1 Introduction to Industrial Engineering.pdf

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    132 views33 pages

    Chapter 1 Introduction To Industrial Engineering PDF

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Aqirah

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33

    CHAPTER 1

    Introduction to
    Industrial Engineering
    Nurul Shahida Mohd Shalahim
    E-mail : [email protected]
    Room : A04-3-1-06 (Block 3B, Level 1)
    Office no: 09-424 6331, H/P: 012-5100420
    Chapter Outline

    1.1 History of Engineering

    1.2 Development of Industrial Engineering


     Describe the history and

    Learning development of industrial


    engineering
    Objectives:
     Explain the application
    and challenges of industrial
    engineering
     History of Engineering
    Contents:  Development of IE
    History of Engineering
    History of Engineering
    Early developments
    Engineering & science developed in parallel
    Science is concerned with the quest for basic
    knowledge
    Engineering is concerned with the application of
    scientific knowledge to the solution of problems
    for better life
    Scientist & engineer might be the same person
    History of Engineering (cont..)
    .

    Nicolaus Charles Darwin Albert Einstein


    Copernicus
    History of Engineering (cont..)
    Fundamental to almost all engineering
    developments were the advances made in
    mathematics.
    The missing early development is related to the
    behavioral science.
    History of Engineering (cont..)
    The modern era
    Civil engineering
    (road & bridge)

    Mechanical engineering
    (steam engine)

    Electrical engineering
    (telegraph, carbon-filament lamp)

    Chemical engineering
    (understand the nature of matter)

    Industrial engineering
    (The need for better mgmt system )
    History of Engineering (cont..)

    Five major engineering disciplines “big 5” (civil,


    mechanical, electrical, chemical, industrial)
    emerged prior to world war 1 (1915)
    Following world war 2 (1941) – other eng
    disciplines: nuclear eng, electronic eng,
    aeronautical eng, computer eng
    Watch the video here.
    Development of IE

    Eli Whitney (1790) – concept of interchangeable


    manufacture for mass production system;
    manufacture muskets accurately
    Charles Babbage (1832) – systematic record of the
    details involved in factory operations; measured
    the cost and time required of performing each
    operation to manufacture a pound of pins & by
    rearrange workers according to the skills – On The
    Economy of Machinery and Manufactures
    Development of IE (cont..)
    Frederick W. Taylor (1911) – father of scientific
    mgmt, analyze and improve the method of
    performing work, reduce times required and set
    std times to increase productivity
    Frank B. Gilbreth (1911) - identification, analysis
    and measurement of fundamental motions in
    performing work
    Dr. Lillian Gilbreth (1911) – first lady in
    engineering; concern for human welfare & human
    relation
    Development of IE (cont..)
    Henry L. Gantt (1912) – pioneer of Gantt chart to
    provide systematic graphical procedure for preplanning
    and scheduling work activities, reviewing progress and
    updating the schedule
    Henry Ford (1913) – mass production of the
    automobile
    W. A. Shewart (1924) – developed the principle of
    Statistical quality control
    Peter Drucker (1968) – described the importance of
    scientific mgmt (today called industrial engineering)
    Development of IE (cont..)
    Development of IE (cont..)
    Guess who is this ???
    Henry L. Gantt??
    Frank B. Gilbreth?? Eli Whitney??

    W. A. Shewart??

    Charles Babbage??
    Henry Ford?? Frederick W. Taylor??
    Peter Drucker?? Dr. Lillian Gilbreth??
    Charles Babbage??
    Before Industrial Engineering
    • Engineering history lies back to the beginning of
    civilization.
    • Until the end of 17hundreds, production meant
    crafts (A craftsman used to treat material and
    assemble the pieces)
    • Until then a single person used to
    – Plan
    – Select and supply material
    – Produce and control
    Industrial Revolution

    • In 1776, James Watt invented the steam engine.


    (Turning steam power into mechanical power)
    • This is the beginning of industrial revolution.
    • Since then, first factories started to be established in
    USA and UK (United Kingdom)
    • Earlier factories were textile and metal working plants.
    Significant Events in IE
    Eli Whitney
     In 1798, received
    government contract to make
    10,000 muskets
     Showed that machine tools
    could make standardized
    parts to exact specifications
     Musketparts could be used in
    any musket

    © 1995 Corel Corp.


    Frederick W. Taylor
     Known as ‘father of scientific
    management’
     In 1881, as chief engineer for
    Midvale Steel, studied how tasks
    were done
     Began first motion & time studies
     Created efficiency principles

    © 1995 Corel Corp.


    Taylor: Management Should Take
    More Responsibility for

    • Matching employees to right job


    • Providing the proper training
    • Providing proper work methods and tools
    • Establishing legitimate incentives for
    work to be accomplished
    Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
     Husband-and-wife
    engineering team
     Developed work
    measurement methods
     Applied efficiency methods
    to their home & 12
    children!
     (Book & Movie: “Cheaper
    by the Dozen,” book:
    “Bells on Their Toes”) © 1995 Corel Corp.
    Henry Ford
     In 1903, created Ford
    Motor Company ‘Make them all
     In 1913, first used alike!’
    moving assembly line
    to make Model T
     Unfinished product
    moved by conveyor © 1995 Corel
    Corp.
    past work station

     Paid workers very well for 1911 ($5/day!)


    Contributions From
    • Human factors
    • Management science
    • Biological science
    • Physical sciences
    • Information science
    Significant Events in IE
    • Division of labor (Smith, 1776)
    • Standardized parts (Whitney, 1800)
    • Scientific management (Taylor, 1881)
    • Coordinated assembly line (Ford 1913)
    • Gantt charts (Gantt, 1916)
    • Motion study (the Gilbreths, 1922)
    • Quality control (Shewhart, 1924)
    Significant Events - Continued

    • CPM/PERT (Dupont, 1957)


    • MRP (Orlicky, 1960)
    • CAD
    • Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
    • Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
    New Challenges in IE
    From To
    • Local or national  Global focus
    focus  Just-in-time
    • Batch shipments  Supply chain
    • Low bid purchasing partnering
    • Lengthy product  Rapid product
    development development,
    • Standard products alliances
    • Job specialization  Mass customization
     Empowered
    employees, teams
    Development of IE (cont..)
    Chronology of IE:
    Industrial Engineering
    Definition of IE:
    “ IE is concerned with the design, improvement, and
    installation of integrated systems of people, materials,
    information, equipment and energy. It draws upon specialized
    knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social
    sciences together with the principles and methods of
    engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and
    evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems”

    American Institute of Industrial Engineers, 1960s


    Industrial Engineering (cont..)
    IE Applications:
    Apply to any organization – manufacturing, agriculture,
    hospitals, banks, hotels, government organizations, etc.
    Example in service industry:
    Hospital – to improve operations, eliminate waste,
    control inventories, schedule activities.
    Government service – to increase efficiency, reduce
    paperwork, design computerized mgmt ctrl system,
    project mgmt, etc.
    Industrial Engineering (cont..)
    Impact of related development:
    Impact of Operations Research
    Solving operational problems using appropriate scientific methods
    and principles

    Impact of Digital Computers


    Use PC to perform various analysis, to execute mathematical
    model, to plan & manage complex projects, to create data base, etc

    Emergence of Service Industries


    IE employ in service industry (hospital, banks, government
    organization) to improve their operations
    Industrial Engineering (cont..)
    Challenges of the future:
    Designing products that are safe and reliable
    Accomplish the mission in recognition of the constraint
    Increase efficiency
    Improve productivity
    Improve quality
    Involve in political issues to assist in the design of social
    systems
    Any Questions???

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