gard ale gaat se rele collocation practice AV Words for MICA, Learning and practising the most useful words of English George WoolardKey Words for Fluency Pre-intermediate collocation practice learning and practising the most useful words of English George Woolard THOMSON United Kingdom + United States = Australa + Canada + Mexico + Singspore = SpainTHOMSON 2S Key Words for Fluency Pre-intermediate Publisher: Christopher Wenger Director of Product Development: Anita Raducanu Director of Product Marketing: Amy Mabley Development Editor: Jimmie Hill Production Manager: Sally Giangrande Copyright © 2005 by Thomson ELT, a part of the ‘Thomson Corporation. ‘Thomson ELT, the Star logo, and Thomson are ‘trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means — graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems — without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in Italy. 123456789 10 09 08 07 06 05 For more information, contact Thomson Learning, High Holborn House, 50/51 Bedford Row, London WCIR ALR, United Kingdom, or Thomson Heinle, 25 Thomson Place, Boston, MA 02210 USA, or you can visit our internet site at elt thomson.com For permission to use material from this book, submit a request online at www.thomsonrights.com ISBN: 0-7593-9629-9 George Woolard Intl. Marketing Manager: lan Martin Sr. Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury Mlustrator: Anna Macleod Cover/Text Designer: Anna Macleod Cover Image: © Anna Macleod Printer: Canale The author George Woolard is an experienced ELT teacher and trainer who has worked in Greece, Malaysia and the UK. He now teaches at Stevenson College, Edinburgh. His publications include Lessons with Laughter and Grammar with Laughter (Thomson ELT). Acknowledgements |lam grateful to Michael Lewis for his comments in the early stages of the development of the Key Word approach that underpins this book. I should also like to thank those colleagues and students at Stevenson College, Edinburgh, whose feedback proved invaluable during the development and writing of this material. Lastly, am particularly grateful to my editor, Jimmie Hill, for his meticulous comments and guidance in shaping this book. George WoolardTo the student Dear Student Words have friends! A lot of students think that learning vocabulary is just learning more new words. However, it is not enough to know only a word and its meaning. You also need to know what other words it combines with to make natural expressions in English. Words have friends, and you need to know who they are! We call this relationship between words ‘collocation’.This is a very important part of learning vocabulary. Key words This book practises the collocations of 270 of the most useful words in English. These ‘key words’ are the nouns we use to talk about particular topics. For example, nouns like cloud, rain, snow, wind and fog are key words if you want to talk about the weather. How is the book organised? This book is organised around topics, and divided into 22 sections. Each section consists of a number of key words. For each key word there is a box which lists its most common collocations. This is followed by exercises which help you to notice and practise the collocations of that key word in natural expressions and sentences. At the end of each section there is a test page. How to use this book There is simply not enough time to learn all these collocations in class, so this book is designed for self- study, and will help you to develop your vocabulary quickly and independently. If you do one unit of this book every day, in under a year you will have learned over 2,500 expressions. That will make an enormous difference to your English! This book can also help you with your work in class. For example, if the topic in your coursebook is about travel, then it would be a good idea to look at Section 7, Transport. Lastly, collocation practice is one of the best ways to prepare for the PET and similar examinations, especially for the speaking and writing sections. Keep this book! This is a book for life. When you have completed the exercises, it becomes your personal vocabulary reference book ~ a resource book that you can return to again and again. George Woolard Edinburgh 2005 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 3Contents Before you begin 6 knife a7 Section 6 Section 9 Section 1 fork 27 Animals and plants Meals and eating out Your house spoon 27 animal BON Ub reskines 14 es lo cupboard 28 bird Oa 5 ei lo shelf 28 fish Osan @ room I pot 29 pet 51 ee floor 120i 29 at Sle Saree ane ogee 30 8 51 waiter 7 eal ise ear 30 Pant 52 waitress 7 ceiling ae 3 ee 52 7 door 14 a ‘ai flower Sse 78 lishes ras A light \4 8 53 service B window 1S Test 3 32 tree Sa 79 heating 15 poate, Bren es bs sen 16 Sky and weath a 55 and weather Section 2 y; a sie fa: Rooms and furniture ‘7 os uae = Section 10 table Saaee te aoc Drink drawer 18 a2 ee coffee 82 chair ges car cea s mirror 19 rain 36 bus 59 bed 20 thunder 37. petrol Som mbes sh sheet 21 lightning 37 plane 60 wine 85 blanket Dain 37 airport 60 bottle 86 pillow igen 3etrain 61 glass 86 mattress las aa) ate cae 87 wardrobe 21 ferry a a 31 wind 2) rani 6 es 10 88 curtains 21 fog. 39 jorry 63 Section II - = Test 4 40 Test 7 64 Shopping and food | oath Bs Section 5 Section 8 alee 90 toilet 23. The natural world Travel supermarket 91 Test 2 ea 42 road 66 customer 91 Section 3 wave ag ee . meat 2 ive kee) chicken 2 Inthe kitchen river LEilitettas ee iG kettle sores 44 courist eg a cooker 26 beach Asatte (ll 3 oven 26 sand AS ticket 7 8 3 freezer DB eas ram Bima tiers 70 milk 94 dishwasher 28 forest 46 seat 7l cheese 94 ae Greil 2 field 47 Test8 72 vegetables 95 fa i 36 ground 47 fruit 95 toaster 2% Test 48 Test II 6 4 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 12 Food 2 bread sandwich cake biscuit pasta rice potatoes chips chocolate sugar salt Test 12 Section 13 Your body body muscle skin stomach waist back arm wrist leg finger rail toe knee foot Test 13 Section 14 98 98 99. 9 100 100 lot lol loz loz 103 loa lo 106 107 107 los log 108 109 109 ) i) 110 ut uw 12 Head and shoulders hair beard moustache face mouth tooth tongue lips kiss smile throat ear nose neck shoulders 14 114 114 1s 116 116 17 17 U7 U7 7, ie. lg 19 ng Test 14 Section 15 Clothes trousers shire tie sweater dress coat hat uniform scarf gloves sock shoe Test 15 Section 16 120 122 122 123 123, 124 124 125 125 126 126 126 127 128 Personal items pocket belt button zip bag wallet card key. ring glasses lenses umbrella watch Test 16 Section 17 The family parent child J children wedding husband wife funeral baby bireh birthday present Test I7 130 130 130 130 BI 132 132 133, 133 4 134 135 135, 136 138 139 140 141 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 Section 18 Health and sport hospital doctor headache cough cold is medicine pill injection blood bandage stitches xeray ball football score result player Test 18 Section 19 Education school teacher student class lesson test book page Test 19 Section 20 Reading and wri newspaper magazine pen pencil paper form envelope stamp address parcel package Test 20 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 146 146 147 147 \47 147 148, 148 148 149 149 149 149 150 150 ISI Ist ISI 152 154 155 156 157 1s7. 157 158 159 160 ing 162 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 166 167 167 168 Section 21 Work and entertainment office 170 manager 170 secretary 170 factory I71 employer I71 employee i71 employment im police i172 soldier 173 museum 174 art gallery 174 cinema 174 theatre 74 show 175 play 175 actor 175 Test 21 176 Section 22 Technology and time phone / telephone 178 call 179 camera 180 photograph / photo 180 video / DVD lel minute 182 hour 182 week 182 month 182 year 182 Test 22 184 Answer Key 185 Alphabetical List 198Before you begin 1. What are key words? “Key words’ are the most common and most useful words in English. They are the most important words to learn.The main reason they are important is because they can combine with lots of other words in short expressions. We call these expressions ‘collocations’. 2. What are collocations? Collocation is ‘the grammar of words’ — how words go together with other words. Collocation tells us which words can come before or after other words. Here are some examples from this book: * verbs with sun ‘The sun rises, comes up, comes out, shines, sets, then goes down. + adjectives with road Roads can be clear or busy; they can be wide or narrow: they can be icy; they can be main roads. + verbs with bottle You can shake a bottle, then open it.You can pass a bottle to someone. You can recycle bottles. * prepositions with phone If you are making a phone call, you are on the phone. If you have an argument on the phone, you ight put the phone down on someone — stop the call suddenly. These are just a few of the collocations you will learn in this book. 3. Why are all the key words in this book nouns? Nouns are the most important words we know. All the other parts of speech — adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, and prepositions ~ are important too, but they don’t tell us as much as nouns do. Nouns tell us WHAT we are talking about: a language Verbs then tell us what we can do with a language: learn it, acquire it, speak it or translate it. Adjectives can then tell us what kind of language: our first language, a foreign language, body language, bad language. But the most important point is to start with ideas or things which we express with nouns. Hf you are having a meal and you would like the salt, you could simply say: salt Everybody knows that you want the salt. So you could have said: the salt or the salt, please or pass the salt, please or Could you pass the salt, please? ‘We know that the last sentence is the best way of saying what we want. If we had said: ‘Could you pass the X, please? nobody would know what we wanted! In this situation, the noun ‘salt’ carries 99% of our meaning. 6 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate4. Why is it important to learn the collocations of the most important nouns? If we know 100 of the most important nouns, and we learn 10 verbs or adjectives which can go with them, ‘we will then know 1,000 expressions. Every time we learn 100 nouns with 10 collocations of each, we add another 1,000 expressions to our vocabulary. Quite simply, learning to use more words along with the words we already know is the most useful way to expand our English. If you study all three books in this Key Words for Fluency series, you will learn over 10,000 expressions. 5. Who chose the words in this book? These words chose themselves! In all the modern databases of English, the key words in this book are among the most commonly used. The best way for you to improve your English is to learn the most common collocations of these most common words. This pre-intermediate book contains around 10 collocations of around 270 of the most useful words at this level. That means you will practise over 2,500 useful expressions if you study this book. Dictionaries contain thousands of words and expressions, but they cannot tell you which ones to learn or how to use them. The 2,500 expressions in this book will help you to improve and become intermediate. 6. Why is this book called Key Words for Fluency? Fluency is the ability to speak naturally, listen efficiently, read quickly, and write well. What does this mean? 1. Speaking naturally means NOT making everything up one word at a time, but speaking in whole expressions at normal speed 2. Listening efficiently means understanding people at the speed at which they speak. This means that when you hear the first word of an expression or the first few words of a sentence, you know how it is going to end. 3. Reading quickly means that your eye is ahead of your brain! You are able to predict what the author has written. 4, Good writing is writing which expresses exactly what you want to say in natural ways which the reader will immediately understand. All those skills depend on having a large store of words and expressions which you don't need to think about or construct every time you use English. The more collocations you know, the less you need to think! ‘And the more fluent your English becomes. 7. Test yourself! Here are eight common situations from this book.You should be able to guess the missing words immediately 1. Do you like your tea strong or do you prefer it. The answer is ‘weak’.A person can be strong or weak. Did you know that tea or coffee can also be strong or weak? 2. | prefer my eggs scrambled. | don’t really like ......... eggs. The answer could be ‘fried’ or ‘boiled’ or ‘poached’. 3. If you hurt your wrist badly, but it isn’t broken, you -.-.-.. +. ft ‘Sprain’ is usually used with ‘wrist’ or ‘ankle’. You can't ‘sprain your leg’ or ‘sprain your arm’.This is the kind of thing you just have to learn. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 74. If you have a cold, you usually have to. your nose quite a lot! The answer is ‘blow. 5. Ifyou want to keep your wallet safe when youte outside, don't keep it in your back pocket. Keep itin an. pocket. The answer is an ‘inside’ pocket. That way, itis more difficult to steal 6. Ifyou are a child and your parents are dead, you are often brought up by... parents. The answer is foster’ parents. Foster parents look after children. Some then ‘adopt’ the child as their own. 7. Ifyou stay away from school, you play .......... from school. The answer is ‘truant: You ‘play truant from school” You are then ‘a truant. 8. If you don't know someone's telephone number, you can look it up in the telephone .. The answer is ‘directory’. Some people also talk about the phone book. 9. If you give someone flowers, we say you give them a ..........of flowers. The answer is bunch’. We also say a ‘bunch of keys’, and a ‘bunch of bananas’. 10. f you want to borrow a newspaper, you say.‘Do you have a ..........of yesterday's newspaper?” The answer is ‘copy’ Finally hope that these 10 examples help you understand why noticing and learning collocation is so important: + The more collocations you know and can use, the more fluently you will be able to speak. It means you won't have to make up everything new all the time — you can just remember whole expressions. + The more collocations you know, the easier it will be to understand people who speak quickly — particularly native speakers. + The more collocations you know, the easier it will be to read because you won't have to read every word. + The more collocations you know, the easier it will be to write well and accurately. You won't need to translate from your own language into English as much. 8 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateSection 1 Your house house stairs room floor carpet wall ceiling door light window heating test4 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateVerb + house Common expressions build a house live in a house share a house stay at someone’s house demolish 2 house ass someone's house renovate a house lock yourself out of the house break into a house move house |. Verb + house Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My son is at university. He ...........a house with five other students. Be house can be very stressful for some people. 3. It looks very old. Do you know when the house was... r 4, Somebody into our house last night and stole the television. 5. We like buying really old houses and . ‘them 6. The house | was born in is no longer standing. It was ........... 10 years ago. 2. Common expressions Match the halves: 1. We've lived in a. I had to climb in the bedroom window. 2. If you're ever passing our house, b. you're welcome to stay at our house. 3. Locked myself out of the house and . the same house for over thirty years. 4. If you can't find a room in a hotel, d. why don't you drop in for a cup of tea? Note We talk about detached, semi-detached and terraced houses. @6 885 esagag m8 S00 a8 aa ‘OO Bag Bafl 88 a8 ee terraced houses semi-detached houses a detached house stairs Verb + stairs Common expressions use / take the stairs carry something up / down the stairs climb the stairs a flight of stairs run up / down the stairs the top / bottom of the stairs fall down the stairs I. Verb + stairs Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Shall we... «the stairs or take the lift? 2. I wish the children would stop ... up and down the stairs. 3. Unfortunately, ...........down the stairs and broke my arm, 4. My grandmother finds it difficult to the stairs these days. She's 80. 10 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate2. Commen expressions ‘Match the halves: |. The lift was broken, so we had to walk up 2. |.was out of breath when I reached 3. She picked up the child and carried him 4, My bags were heavy, so I left them. room Verb + room share a room tidy your room let out rooms Common expressions a bright room a comfortable room I. Verb + room at the bottom of the stairs. up the stairs. . the top of the stairs. |. four fights of stairs. a tidy / an untidy room a single / twin / double room the spare room the next room the room is crowded the room is locked a waiting room (at the station or hospital) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Brian promised that he would ..... 2. Lused to. 3. My aunt has a very large house. She 2. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves HfAnne decides to stay the night, My sister's room is always tidy, Id like to book a double room At the party the sitting room was so crowded, The kitchen is a very bright room. | could clearly hear the television ty 2 a 4 5. Welll need to find someone with a key. 6 i 8. The seats in the waiting room L Note these different types of room: the bedroom the living room I the sitting room the dining room the bathroom 2. Note these expressions: -+-shis room, but he left it in a mess as usual. a room with my sister when | was young ‘out one of the rooms to a student. The room's locked. in the next room. she can sleep in the spare room, but mine is always in a mess. . there was nowhere to sit. It gets the sun most of the day. were hard and very uncomfortable, with a balcony and a sea view, please. Their ling room has a wonderful view.[t looks onto the lake and you can see the mountains in the distance. (Our living room overfooks the park. Have you seen the film or read the book, A Room with a View? 3. Note the prepositions in these expressions: 1 looked around the room, but I couldn't see her. ‘She was standing across the roam from me. (on the other side of the room) Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate "floor Verb + floor Common expressions mop the floor lie on the floor sweep the floor sleep on the floor scrub the floor slip on the (wet) floor cover the floor (with carpets) pile (books) on the floor spill (coffee) on the floor 1. Verb + floor Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. She picked up a brush and the floor. 2. Keep out of the kitchen for fifteen minutes. I've just finished . «the floor. 3. We the floor with newspapers before we started painting the ceiling. 4, | got down on my hands and knees and the floor clean, 2. Common expressions Notes Match the halves: |. The bank robbers ordered everybody . Do you have a cloth? We took the books down from the shelf and |. There weren't enough beds, so some people . Be careful you don't slip on the wet floor. I've just spilt some tea on the floor piled them on the floor. I've just mopped it. to lie on the floor. had to sleep on the floor. yawns paoge 1. In the UK, we tlk about the ground / frst / second floor ofa building: The canteen is on the ground floor ofthe bulng. 1 hope you ike climbing stirs. My office ison the top flor. 2. Ifyou drop something, it falls on the floor: Excuse me, your wollet has fallen on the flor. 3. Ifyou drop something outside, it falls on the ground. carpet [eewlearee hoover the carpet lay a carpet ruin a carpet a carpet wears Verb + carpet Notes 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Theyre coming this morning to ...........the new carpet in the living room. 1 the carpet in the living room when I dropped a tin of paint on it. I 2 3. The bedroom carpet is starting to in places. We'll need to replace it soon. 4 I Colin, if | clear up all the rubbish, would you . the carpets? Notice this expression: I swept the drt under the carpet when my mother wasn't looking. 2. You clean a carpet with a vacuum cleaner, sometimes called a hoover: How do you expect me to hoover the carpets with this ancient hoover? must be 30 years old! Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intormediatewall Common expressions paint a wall cover a wall with (pictures) a thick / thin wall a high / low wall an outside wall hang a (painting) on the wall drill a hole in a wall push (a chair) against the wall (the garden) is surrounded by a wall ‘Common expressions Note Match the halves: 1. I've decided to paint a. avery high brick wall 2. The house is surrounded by b. through the thin walls of our flat. 3, Before you start, you'll need to drill . on the living room walls. 4, We can hear our neighbour's television d. are usually painted white. 5, I pushed the bookcase back fe. some holes in the wall. 6. The outside walls of traditional Greek houses. against the living room wall. 7. Posters of football stars g. the walls of my bedroom pink. 8 We hung some pictures of wild animals hh. covered the walls of our son's bedroom. You can also stick something on « wall or pin something to 0 wal: He stuck a picture of his cat on the wall above his bed. There were some photographs from their holiday pinned to the wall ceiling ‘Common expressions touch the ceiling stare at the ceiling a (light) hangs from the ceiling a high J low ceiling Common expressions Note Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above adjectives and verbs: 1. The ceiling was so low I could it without standing on a chair. 2. The hotel rooms were pleasantly cool with large windows and ........... ceilings. 3. I didn't get up. | just lay on my bed and at the ceiling, 4. It was a bare room with only a single light bulb - from the ceiling. Note these expressions: ‘Water was dripping from the ceiling. 1 could touch the ceiling!” There was a large spider on the ceiing above my bed. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 2door Verb + door Common expressions open the door hold the door open close / shut the door the door leads to the (kitchen) slam the door enter by the (front) door lock the door stand outside a door knock on the door There's someone at the door. break down the door |. Verb + door Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1 the door quietly behind you when you leave. Try not to it, 2. Lalways on my son's bedroom door before going into his room, 3. The firemen had to... down the front door of the flat to get in. 4, Remember to - the front door before you go to bed. 2. Common expressions: Note ‘Match the halves: |. The burglars entered by 2. There's someone at the door. 3. This door leads to the dining room, 4, He was standing outside the door 5, Can you hold the door open for me and the other one opens onto the balcony. while | bring this chair in? Could you see who it is? the back door. of the bank, waiting for it to open. Note these expressions with ‘door handle’ I turned the door handle and pushed the door open. ‘My jacket caught on the door handle as | was leaving the room. light ‘Common expressions a light bulb a lighe swiceh ‘switch the light on / off switch off the light leave the light on the light is on / off | the light comes on the light goes out Common expressions 4 Match the halves: 1. I switched on the light by my bed a. at about 7 o'clock at this time of year. 2. Don't forget to switch the lights off b. The light in his room is still on. 3. The street lights come on c. the light bulb. 4, You left the light on in the bathroom d. when you go out. 5. He must be in. ©. and read for about an hour. 6. It was so dark that | couldn't find fall night again! 7. | had to stand on a chair to change & the light switch. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatewindow Verb + window ‘Common expressions open / close a window look through a window break a window the view from the window clean the windows the sun shines through the window the windows steam up see (your) reflection in the window 1. Verb + window Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Twas locked out of the house, so I had to ..........a window to get in. 2. Thate ..........the windows. | always pay somebody to do them for me. 3. Its quite hot in here. Do you mind if --a window? 4. The windows in the kitchen always . up when I'm cooking. It’s impossible to see through them. 2. Common expressions: Match the halves: 1. We have a lovely view of the mountains 2. As | was passing the shop I saw 3. The early morning sun was shining through 4. Looked through all the windows of the house, » the kitchen window. b, but there was nobody at home. c. from our bedroom window. d. my reflection in the window. | looked old! “There's a lovely view from the window.” heating Verb + heating | tum the heating on/off set the heating to come on at 5 and go off at 9 | install central heating a (house) has heating | the heating can break down repair the central heating Verb + heating Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. We're getting central heating - next week. We're having two radiators in the living room,and one in each of the other rooms. 2. The heating ...........down two days ago. We're still waiting for an engineer to come and it What kind of heating does your fiat «2 Mine only has electric fires It won't take long for the room to warm up once we ........... the heating on. The heating is set to ... -on at 6am and go off around 12 noon, We usually .........off our heating during the summer months. soa Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 151 house Test 1 stairs room floor carpet wall ceiling door light window heating Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs and adjectives: let out, share, tidy, crowded, bright break, clean, look through, open knock on, open, lock, slam. cover, mop, scrub, slip on, sweep lay, ruin, vacuum, wear cover, drill into, paint, high, thick hang from, stare at, touch, low cescseeess break into, build, demolish, live in, move break down, install, turn on, central ORE climb, fall down, run up, take, use SeeNowsene 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation in the following: The house was made / built twenty years ago. ‘When I was a student | hired / rented a room in a flat. Sorry, | forgot to sweep / tidy the floor. He's old and finds it difficult to walk / climb the stairs. Don't slam | crash the door when you come in, The kitchen window was steamed up and | couldn't see / watch through it Make sure you shut off / switch off all the lights when you go to bed. ‘Could you vacuum / mop the carpets before you go out? ‘Andrew can sleep in the added J spare room if he's staying overnight. 10. My room is on the high / top floor. 11, The house has big rooms with high / tall ceilings. 12. I can hear my neighbour's telephone through the slim / thin walls of my flat. MENA AWHR 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: Ie booked a single - at the Holiday Inn. I 2. He spilt paint on the . while he was painting the wall. 3. Remember to lock the front when you leave for work. 4, Someone's left the ...........0n in the bathroom again! 5. If you're ever passing our drop in for a chat. 6. Shall we take the lift or use the atc 7. Don't play football near the houses. You might break a A 8. Tm afraid the .........-,has broken down, so it’ a bit cold in here. 4. Prepositions 16 Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: I. dropped my pencil and it rolled across / down the floor. 2, I stuck a map of Malaysia into / on my wall. 3. We had a great view of the sea fiom / in our window. 4, There's somebody at / in the door. Can you see who it i Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-inlermediateSection 2 Rooms and furniture table drawer chair mirror bed sheet blanket pillow mattress wardrobe alarm curtains bath shower towel toilet test 2 18 18 19 el 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatetable oe Verb + table (athome) Verb + table Common expressions sit ata table (ina restaurant) reach across the table leave the table book a table sit round the table lay / set the table ‘manage to get a table set a place at the table clear the table be shown to your table a coffee table |, Verb + table Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Roberta, would you the table while I cook breakfast? The knives and forks are in the drawer next to the fridge. 2. My father always at the top of the table when we're eating, 3. Yuan, could you ...........the table and put the dirty dishes in the sink. ll wash them later. 4. When | was a child, we had to ask permission before we could .. «the dinner table. 5. We were lucky to ...........a table, The restaurant was really busy when we got there. 6. When we arrived at the restaurant, we were... ‘to our table by the head waiter. 7. Hello. Is that the Golden Lotus? I'd like to a table for four, please. Around 8.30? 2. Common expressions Notes Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: |. I've set a place for you ...........the table. You're sitting next to Michael. 2. Well easily get eight people the dining table for Christmas dinner. 3. | accidentally knocked over a glass of wine while | was reaching the table to get the salt, 1. Here are different kinds of table: kitchen table dinner table side table coffee table dining table folding table 2. You play pool on a poo! table, and billiards on a billiard table drawer Common expressions open a drawer ook in a drawer lock a drawer the top / bottom drawer at the back of the drawer the drawer is stiff Common expressions 18 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a word from the above expressions: I. I've ..e+++++++sim all the drawers in the house, but I can't find my passport anywhere. 2. We keep the scissors in the . . drawer where our son can't reach them. 3. I'm having trouble opening this drawer — it's very .... = Can you try? 4, My mother finally found her wedding ring at the . «ofa drawer in her bedroom. 5. He.......+++.the drawer of his desk and took out some writing paper 5 eowe sho weal rg seetdarh Raabe haga ve awe 48 her not whist sip always when she goes out. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate‘Common expressions sit in a chair get up from your chair lean back in your chair fall off your chair push back your chair flop into a chair Commen expressions Complete the verb phrases with the correct preposition: I. | put my feet up on the desk, leaned in my chair and tried to relax. 2. I don’t know what's wrong with him! He just got up ...........his chair and left without saying a word! 3. It was no accident. He fell his chair because he was drunk! 4. At the end of the meal he pushed ...........his chair and got up to make a speech, 5. When | arrived my grandfather was sitting ...........his favourite chair by the fire. 6. | was so tired after work, | just dropped my bags and flopped «the nearest chair, SCL “just flopped ino a chat” “just leaned back and put my feet up!” mirror Verb + mirror Adjective + mirror look in the mirror a full-length mirror stand in front of the mirror a large J small mirror break a mirror the bathroom mirror the hall mirror Verb / adjective + mirror Note ‘Match the halves: 1. There's a full-length mirror behind a. when the bathroom mirror is all steamed up. 2. They say you get 7 years’ bad luck b. trying on a new suit, when I last saw him, 3. There's a large mirror, «. looking at herself in the hall mirror. 4, She never leaves the house without d. if you break a mirror. 5. [ind it difficult to shave e. | noticed a small spot on the tip of my nose. 6. When | looked in the mirror, f. the door of the wardrobe in the bedroom. 7. Rob was standing in front of a mirror, _g. hanging above the fireplace in the living room. Note these types of car mirror: I adjusted the side mirrors then glanced in the rearview mirror to see if anyone was behind me. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 19Kinds of bed Common expressions go to bed a single / double bed lie in bed (all morning) get out of bed bunk beds be in bed by (12) o’clock make your bed a soft / hard bed spend (a week) in bed change the bed a spare bed have breakfast in bed put (the children) to bed an unmade bed smoke in bed a(n) (un)comfortable bed be tucked up in bed SAY occu (ug “Wy dys hove to make the Be” Thee sf ced up nb |. Verb + bed Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |, We've trained our kids to tidy their rooms and ........... their beds before they go to school in the morning. 2. | was very tired when I got home, so |........... straight to bed. 3. Thad a lazy day yesterday. | didn’t ...... ‘out of bed until lunchtime. 4. Oh, it’s you, Mary! Jane’s upstairs -+++-the children to bed. I'll get her to ring you back later: Is that OK? 5. | think we'd better «the beds before your parents come for the weekend. You know what your mother is like! 2. Kinds of bed Complete the sentences with one word: |. I'm afraid we don't have a double room, but we have a twin with two beds. 2. The beds too...........for me. | prefer a very hard mattress. 3. Thanks. slept very well. It was a really ...........bed. 4, You can spend the night here if you want — we have a....... va bed. 5. When I was a boy, my brother and I had beds. I slept on the top 2 6. Our daughter's room is in a mess as usual. The bed’s ... -and there are dirty clothes all over the floor. 3. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: Last Saturday 1 i a. breakfast in bed on a Sunday morning. 2. like to be in bed b. with flu last week. 3. My father always has «. lay in bed all morning and read a book. 4, It can be dangerous to d, tucked up in bed. 5. [spent four days in bed e. smoke in bed 6. The children are safely f. by 10 o'clock on weekdays. 20 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatesheet, blanket, pillow, mattress, wardrobe, alarm, curtains Expressions with sheet Expressions with wardrobe change the sheets ‘open / close the wardrobe clean / dirty sheets hang (your shirts) in the wardrobe Expressions with blanket a fitted wardrobe an extra blanket Expressions with alarm a warm blanket set the alarm (for 7 o'clock) Expressions with pillow the alarm goes off / rings prop (yourself) up with a pillow hear the alarm ‘cry into your pillow Expressions with curtains Expressions with mattress ‘open / close the curtains sleep on a firm mattress draw the cureains It’s a very hard / soft mattress. I. Verb and adjective collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs or adjectives: .. It was colder than usual, so | put an .. «blanket on my bed. . My mother always ..........-the sheets on our beds on a 5 6 Zi 1 -the wardrobe, chose a shirt, then tried to decide what tie to wear with it. Sunday because Monday is her washing day. OS9 the alarm for seven, but it didn't .. That's why I was late for work. Jack and Sue want to stay over on Saturday night. Could you put some sheets on the bed in the spare room? The first thing | do when | get out of bed in the morning is to : the curtains, and see what the weather's like. All the bedrooms in our new flat have ........... wardrobes, so there's plenty of storage space for our clothes. “Ti just draw the curtains.” 2. Preposition focus Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: Notes 2. 3 ia Can you hang these trousers . «the wardrobe please? | prefer to sleep a firm mattress. If i's too soft, | find it gives me a sore back. | propped myself up ... a couple of pillows, so that | could read comfortably in bed. When I went into her room, Farah was erying . her pillow. She was obviously still upset about splitting up from her boyfriend. Note these expressions: | was so tied last night. | was asleep before my head hit the pillow! When my parents turn the lights out, read my book under the blankets with o torch. Note that we usually refer to an alarm clock as an alarm’ Don't forget to set the alarm.We have to be up early tomorrow. Draw the curtains can mean either open or close them, Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 24bath and shower Verb + bath / shower Verb + bath have / take a bath / shower lie in the bath get into the bath / shower run a bath get out of the bath /shower the bath overflows clean the bath / shower Verb + shower Adjective + bath shower turn on / off the shower a hot bath / shower have a quick shower ‘a long bath / shower have a cold shower “The bath has overflowed!” “There's nothing I like better than a long bath.” I. Verb + bath / shower Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Tundressed quickly and ++-sinto the bath. 2. How often do you sa bath? 3. When I............0ut of the shower, | discovered there were no towels in the bathroom! 4, Don't forget to . the bath when you've finished. There's a cloth under the basin. Complete the sentences with either bath or shower: 5. I'll be home in about twenty minutes. Could you run a. for me, please? 6. I turned off the ...........and reached for a towel 7. My brother lies in the for ages, which means that nobody else can get into the bathroom! 8. Marta! Run up to the bathroom and turn the water off before the overflows. 2. Adjective collocations 22 ‘Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Have | got time for a...........shower before we have to leave for the theatre? 2. Ihada hot bath after the game to soothe my aching muscles. | soaked for nearly an hour. 3. He has a............shower every morning to waken himself up. | don't know how he can do that! 4, I love standing under a...........shower when | get back from work in the evening. It only takes a couple of minutes to relax the tense muscles in my neck. Note these common expressions: Could you see who is ot the door? Pm in the bath Turn the tops off or the both wil overfow! Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatetowel ‘Common expressions a clean / dirty towel a dish towel a bath towel dry yourself with a towel Common expressions Note Match the halves There are no paper towels in the washroom If there's one thing I hate, I dried myself with your towel by mistake. There's nothing nicer I can't find a clean dish towel anywhere, Sorry, ve spilt some coffee on the carpet. ‘We can buy beach towels when we get there. Newewpe Note that we talk about a bath towel, but a face cloth. toilet - Verb + toilet need the toilet go to the toilet use the toilet flush the toilet Have you been to the Toilet + noun toilet facilities toilet paper the toilet seat 1. Verb and adjective collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs and adjectives: 2. Toilet Notes Don’t forget to wash your hands after you've a dry / wet towel a beach towel paper towels so I'm afraid | can't dry the dishes! Theyre much cheaper in Spain. Have you a cloth or some paper towels? |. it’s dirty towels! Its exactly the same as mine! and the electric hand drier is broken! than a lovely soft clean bath towel! Adjective + toilet ladies / gents toilets public toilets ibled toilet css. to the toilet I. sssesse+sthe tollet, so can you stop the video for a few minutes? 1 aie 3. We couldn't use the 4. Nobody could 5. Excuse me,is there a 6 7. + There was a sign above the toilet bowl which said, ‘Please .. toilets. Why is there never one outside the gents? ‘There was a queue outside the ...... noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Maria, we're out of toilet |. The informal word ‘loo’ is often used for toilet: 1 just go to the loo before the film stars toilets in the park because they had been vandalised. the toilet because it was out of order. s+ tollet? My friend is in a wheelchair. «toilet when finished’. Could you get some when youre out? 2. wish your grandfather would remember to put the toilet .. 3. There was no wheelchair access and no disabled toilet vee up! at the concert. 2. Inthe UK public toilets are sometimes called public conveniences. In the US, the toilet in your home is the bathroom, and in a public place itis the rest room. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 2table mattress Test 2 drawer chair mirror bed sheet blanket pillow wardrobe alarm curtains bath shower _—_towel toilet Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs and adjectives: fall off, get up from, push back, sit in change, go to, lie in, make, hard 0 off, hear, set clear, leave, reach across, set, sit at break, look in, full-length, large flush, go to, need, use, public lock, look in, open, tif, cop dry yourself with, dirty, wet run, clean, have, get into, lie in quick, cold, get into, have, turn on See e eae 0. 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: Andrew, could you make / lay the table for dinner, please? I can’t open this drawer. It’s really hard / stiff. When | finished the letter | fell / leaned back in my chair and looked out of the window. | never look / see in the mirror first thing in the morning! ‘Make sure you change / clean your bed at least once a week. | set the alarm for Zam, but for some reason it didn’t go / come off. Could you make / run the bath for me? Have | got time for a quick / short shower before we go out? PN ewan 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: 1. Excuse me, but this ...........is wet. Have you got a dry one? 2. Harry's room's in a mess again, He hasn't even made his ...........yet. 3. My grandfather is now 90 and needs help to get in and out of the 4, Weall sat around the kitchen . . drinking tea and chatting. 5. Its going to bea cold night. Can | have an extra . -.-on my bed? 6. I put my passport in the ........... by my bed, and locked it before going out. 7. Could you hang these shirts up in the ...........,please? 8 Lalways close the when I go to bed. | never sleep with them open! 9, Unfortunately, here were no facilities at the bus station. 10. Make sure you turn off the ... when you've finished 4. Prepositions 24 Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: |. I was so tired | couldn't get out / up from my chair. 2. I reached across / along the table to get the salt. 3. | prefer to sleep in f on a firm mattress. 4, I'm usually in / into bed by ten o'clock most days. 5. My brother lies in / on the bath for hours after playing football Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 3 In the kitchen kettle cooker oven freezer dishwasher washing machine grill fridge toaster knife fork spoon cupboard shelf pot pan plate bowl sink dishes test 3 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32, Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 25kettle, cooker, oven, freezer, dishwasher, washing machine, grill, fridge, toaster kettle dishwasher ] | switch on the kettle load the dishwasher switch off the kettle empty the dishwasher fil the kettle Washing annie ets put (clothes) in the washing machine cooker empty the washing machine turn the cooker on / off | id leave the cooker on idee put (a pot) on the cooker put (milk) in the fridge keep (medicines) in the fridge chill (wine) in the fridge (fish) keeps in the fridge (for 24 hours) oven put (the chicken) in the oven remove (the cake) from the oven turn the oven to (200°)C grill freezer cook something under the grill take (the meat) out of the freezer toaster | | Put (the fish) in the freezer put a slice of bread in the toaster 1. Verb collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Hang on a minute. think I've ; the oven on low, and cook the casserole very slowly. . Could you .... the cooker on. ll just go and seit off, \ 2 3. the kettle on and make some tea? 4. You'll have to the dishwasher before you can put the dirty plates in. 5. Don't leave your dirty clothes on the floor! +.+.them in the washing machine! 6. That reminds me. | must ..........the chicken out of the freezer and defrost it for tonight's dinner. 7. Could you ‘two slices of bread in the toaster for me, please? 2. Preposition focus Complete the sentences with the correct preposition 1. Rub the chicken with garlic before putting it ..........the oven, 2. Cook the fish ..........a hot grill for § minutes. 3. Is ic OK if I put my dirty jeans .........-the washing machine? 4, Remove the cakes . -the oven, and allow them to cool before eating them. 3. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: 1. The milk will go off quite quickly a. keep it in the fridge. 2. Don't forget to chill b. if you don't put it in the fridge. 3. Spoon the extra sauce into ajar and —_c. a couple of days in the fridge. 4. The meat should keep for d. the wine in the fridge. 26 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateknife, fork and spoon kenife / fork / spoon knife hold your knife / fork / spoon a sharp / blunt knife pick up / put down your... cut / slice (meat) with a knife spoon fork 2 soup spoon pick (food) up with your fork a teaspoon beat (eggs) with a fork a serving spoon a wooden spoon stir (the soup) with a spoon peeing ¢ potow picking up peas beating eggs with o fork sling bread Behe ae — ™‘“S “eS Se serving youself sing knife ond ork sting the soup 1. Verb collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Peter! your knife and fork down, and wait until everybody has been served. 2. | ..ccsses+.Up my spoon and tried the soup, but | wasn't hungry. 3. My brother is right-handed, but he .... his fork in his right hand, and his knife in his left! 2. Adjective and noun collocations Complete the sentences with the above adjectives and nouns: |. I can't peel the potatoes with this knife. It's far too 2 Jane! Use the ...........spoon to lif the vegetables onto your plate, not your fingers! 3. You'll need a knife to cut your steak. I's very tough 4, Have you got a 1 take sugar in my coffee. 3. Common expressions Match the halves: |. Stir the soup occasionally 2. Can you cut the melon in half 3. L tried to pick the peas up with my fork 4, Beat the eggs and flour with a fork but they kept falling off. until the mixture is smooth with the kitchen knife, please? |. with the wooden spoon. ange Note Note these expressions: Be careful you don’t cut yourself with that knife! | can't believe that some ten-year-old kids don’t know how to use a knife and fork! Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate acupboard Verb + cupboard Adjective + cupboard keep (glasses) in a cupboard an empty cupboard fila cupboard with (food) a locked cupboard put (cups) away in a cupboard clean out a cupboard Verb / adjective + cupboard Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs and adjectives: 1. We .........--all our medicines in a cupboard, well out of the reach of our kids. 2, | found the missing key while I was .. out the cupboards. 3. We... the cupboard with lots of food ~ more than enough to last the entire holiday. 4. folded the dish towels and .........., them away in the cupboard. 5. The cupboards were and there was nothing to eat in the whole house. p P “The cupboard is well out “The cupboard is empty” “I cant reach the shelf” “The shelf just collapsed!” of reach of the kids.” shelf Verb + shelf Adjective + shelf put up shelves the top / bottom / middle shelf put (the pots) on a shelf get (a plate) down from a shelf shelves collapse Verb and adjective collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs and adjectives: 1. The shelf. --under the weight of the plates. There were far too many on it! 2. I had to get my brother to... up some shelves in my kitchen. I'm useless at DIY! 3. Just «+s. the cookery book back on the shelf above the fridge when you've finished. 4. I can’t reach the sugar on the ...........shelf. Could you . - it down for me, please? Notes I. Food is placed on shelves in shops and supermarkets: { goto job filing shelves at the local supermarcet. 2. ‘Shelf life’ isthe length of time a product such as food remains fresh for sale: Strawberries have a very short shel life. (They go bad quickly) 28 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatepot and pan Verb + pot / pan ‘Types of pots and pans fill a pot (with water) a frying pan cover a pot (with a lid) a chip pan clean a pot a saucepan cook (the potatoes) in a pot a soup pot Common expressions a cooking pot 2 set of pots and pans a coffee pot the bottom of the pot a teapot heat (the soup) in a pot a flower por put a pot on (the cooker) Femove a pot from (the cooker) ekv eco a teapot a coffee pot a saucepan soup pot a cooking pot a frying pan a flower pot |. Verb + pot / pan Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I 2 3 4, the pot with water, then bring it to the boil before adding the pasta. e the pan with a lid, and let the stew cook slowly until the meat is tender. Thate ........... greasy pots and pans. the peas in that small pot over there. 2. Common expressions Match the halves: 1 2. 3 4, 3 I'm thinking of buying my mother | put the pot of soup The heat was too high and | burnt Remove the pot from the heat, Heat the oil in a large frying pan, the bottom of the pot. and leave it to cool. ‘a new set of pots and pans for her birthday. then add the meat and onions. on the cooker to heat it up. 3. Kinds of pots and pans Complete the following expressions: Notes 2 3. 4 make tea ina........ 5. serve the soup straight from the fry chips ina... 6. put the plant in a : make a stew in a e 7. serve the coffee ina : fry eggs ina...... 8. buy anew set of Note these ways of describing food which is cooking in a pot or pan: A pot of soup was simmering on the cooker; the sausages were sizzling in the frying pan. Note this expression: I eft the dirty pots and pans in the sink to soak ‘A pot plant is one which you grow indoors in a pot ~ not outside in the garden. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 29plate Common expressions ‘Types of plate a waiter clears your plate away an empty plate drop a plate a dinner plate smash a plate a soup plate pile plates (in the sink) a dirty / clean plate heap food on your plate a plate of salad I. Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: tie one of my mother’s favourite plates on the floor and it... How can | tell her? She's going to be very upset. 2. We all rushed to the buffet and -food onto our plates. We were absolutely starving! 3. At the end of the meal, we -the dirty plates in the sink and left them overnight. 4. When we had finished eating, the waitress ...........away our plates, and brought coffee. 2. Types of plate Match the halves: I. Could you get the soup plates, please. 2. Would you take away the dinner plates and 3. Waiter! This plate’s dirty. 4, He looked up from his empty plate and a6 © S@ @ ©) bow! of soup a sugar bow! a bow! ofsalad a pile of plates alate of soup «a dinner plate asked if there was any more paella. Could you bring me a clean one, please? bring some bowls for the sweet? Its ready to serve bowl ‘Common expressions have a bowl of (rice) fill a bowl with (cereal) empty (a packet) into a bow! lick your bowl clean a sugar / fruit / salad / rice bowl a bowl of salad / rice / soup ‘Common expressions ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My daughter ...........her bowl to the top with corn flakes, then poured milk over them. 2. llopened the soup packet and ...........the contents into a bow. 3. I don’t eat much for breakfast. | usually only ...........a small bowl of cereal. 4, My five-year-old loves ... -his bowl clean at the dinner table, but he knows not to do it if we have guests! 30 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatesink Verb + sink pour (water) down the sink fill the sink with (water) put (the dishes) in the sink use the sink stand at the sink the sink is blocked Verb + sink ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Lt the sink with hot soapy water to do the washing up. 2. Just ......+++..the unwashed dishes in the sink and we'll wash them in the morning, 3. The coffee tasted awful,so I...........it down the sink. 4, When | arrived, Tom was at the sink, washing his socks. 5. Don't the sink at the moment ~ it’s ..... mm waiting for the plumber to come and fix it, = “The sink is blocked!” “He left a huge pile of dity dishes in the sink!” ails | Common expressions do / wash the dishes dry the dishes clear the dishes from the table stack / pile the dishes dirty / unwashed dishes clean dishes | a pile of dishes | ‘Common expressions Match the halves: 1. Ifyou clear the dishes from the table, 2. always wear rubber gloves 3. There was a huge pile 4. I grabbed a dish towel and helped to 5, We stacked the clean dishes when I'm washing the dishes. dry the dishes. on the draining board by the sink. Vil start the washing up. ‘of unwashed dishes in the sink. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate aTest 3 cupboard shelf kettle cooker oven freezer grill fridge toaster plate bow! knife fork spoon pot pan dishwasher washing machine sink dishes 1. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: Switch on / Switch the kettle and Ill make some tea. . Like most people | carry / hold my fork in my left hand. Have you got a wooden spoon? I need to stir / tum the soup in the pot. We filed / loaded the cupboard with pasta and tinned food. Could you help me to put up / put in some shelves in the kitchen? Close | Cover the pot with a lid and leave it for 20 minutes. The dinner J lunch plate was so hot I couldn't pick it up. You can't use the sink. It’s blocked / broken. 9. There's a heap / pile of dirty dishes in the sink and i's not my turn to wash them! 2. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: This PNeuawne 1 is blunt. Have you got a sharp one? 2. The... are empty. Well need to do some shopping, 3. Put the chicken in the --.and roast it for about two hours. 4. Laccidentally dropped a flower ...........0n the floor. 5. Could you clear the dirty dishes from the table and load the .. 6 7 «please? Has the boiled yet? I'm dying for a cup of coffee. Could you empty the and put the clothes in the tumble dryer? 8. | puta litte oil in a large frying ............and then added the onions. 9. The kitchen ............was filled with soapy water, 10. Put the leftover salad in the .. We can have it for lunch tomorrow. II. [hate washing ............,but I don’t mind drying them. 12, Put the soup pot on the ona low heat. 3. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: I. Could you turn the oven at / to 180°C. 2. I cooked the fish slowly on / under the grill 3. Fill the pot with water and put it in / on the cooker to boil. 4, Could you clear the dirty dishes from / out of the table, please? 5. I must remember to take the meat into / out of the freezer for tonight’ dinner. 6. Can you get me that pot down from / on the top shelf? I can’t reach it. 7, Put a couple of slices of bread in / on the toaster for me. 8. | poured the dirty water down / in the sink. 9. sliced the vegetables by / with a sharp knife 10. Heat the soup up in / on a pot and serve immediately. 32 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 4 Sky and weather sky sun moon star rain thunder lightning cloud snow ice wind fog test 4 34 34 35 35 36 a 37 374 38 38 Bo 39 40 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 33,sky = Common expressions look up at the sky the sky brightens / darkens (snow) falls from the sky a blue / grey sky Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I. A huge fire at a nearby factory 2. I like to see the sun. Grey skies 3. I think the sky's beginning to clear. 4. A few white clouds drifted 5. The sky suddenly darkened when 6. We looked out at a clear blue sky. Note Note this expression: The castle stood out against the evening sky. sun | Verb + sun the sun rises / comes up the sun sets / goes down the sun shines the sun comes out |. Verb + sun the sky clears (Clouds) drift across the sky a clear / cloudless sky the night sky a. I can see a few blue patches among the clouds. b. the sun moved behind some black clouds. . lit up the night sky. 4. There wasn't a cloud in sight! €. make me feel depressed. f. across the sky. ‘Common expressions avoid / keep out of the sun sit in the sun dry something in the sun the sun is in your eyes shield your eyes from the sun ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. After ten minutes the rain stopped, and the sun... 2. I love to get up early and watch the sun . 3. Be careful when youire on holiday. Put on lots of sun cream and .... 4. We sat drinking beer by the sea, watching the sun 2. Common expressions: Match the halves: 1. We dried our 2. I wear a baseball cap 3. | can't sit in the sun for very long. 4, I cantt see a thing. Note Note these common expressions: Wee having a great time here, soaking up the sun. = out again. «the midday sun. Ve got very fair skin, ‘wet swimming costumes in the sun. The sun's in my eyes. to shield my eyes from the sun. ange During the holidays we lazed around in the sun all day long. Fre got sunburn on the back of my neck. must remember to wear a hat next time. 34 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatemoon ‘Common expressions | the moon comes up / rises the moon comes out | the moon appears / disappears the moon s| see by the light of the moon a full / half! new moon ‘Common expressions ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |, The moon .........-behind the clouds and it was difficult to see where we were going. 2, When the moon .......... out from behind the clouds, we were able to see the path clearly. 3. The moon was so brightly I could read my book without a torch. 4. Iwatched the full moon ..........up over the horizon. It was enormous! 5. We could...........the lions quite easily by the light of the moon. 6. During Ramadan, Muslims do not eat or drink during the day. Ramadan lasts for about a month and ends when the new moon ‘Common expressi look up at the stars sleep under / beneath the stars the stars shine a bright star Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: It was so hot that we slept outside, a. at the stars. 2. It-was a clear night with no moon and b. the brightest stars in the sky. 3. I lay on my back and looked up ¢. beneath the stars. 4, Capella is one of d. the stars were shining brightly. Note the expression: It. was a clear cold night and the stars were all out. (shining) 2. If someone is a star, they are famous in the world of entertainment or sport. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intormediate 35rain | Verb + rain Noun + preposition + rain Adjective + rain eneeres) stops a drop of rain heavy / torrential / light rain rain spreads a possibility of rain ‘Common expressions the rain held off 2 shower of rain roletshekentromtne’rain get caught in the rain the sound of rain get (soaking) wet in the rain pour with rain a break in the rain bring (it) in out of the rain rain beat against (the | window) |. Verb + rain Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: . When we were in Wales, it ..........with rain from the moment we arrived. . 1 ..s+2++++ €aught in the rain and was soaked from head to toe. ssss+s++ Off until we get home. | don’t have a coat or an umbrella with me. - against my bedroom window all night and kept me awake. ! 2 3 4. 5, 6. 2. Adjective + rain 5. Heavy rain is falling in Rome this morning and will ..........later to the north of the country. I ran for shelter as soon as the rain .. ‘Match the halves: |. The weather forecast says a, the rain was very light. 2. I didn’t need my umbrella as b. through the torrential rain, 3. I had to drive very slowly c. we're in for more heavy rain tomorrow. 3. Noun + preposition + rain Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. According to the forecast, there’s a strong . of rain this afternoon. 2. I'm sure I felt a few ..........0f rain on my face just now. 3. There was hardly a ---in the rain all day. It never really stopped once! 4. Our barbecue was ruined by a heavy . «of rain, 5. We couldn't hear ourselves talking for the of rain on the roof of the car. 4, Common expressions Notes 36 ‘Complete these sentences with the correct preposition: 1, We took shelter..........the rain in a nearby café. 2. We got soaking wet «the rain on the way home from school. 3. Shouldn't we bring the washing in out ..........the rain? 4, It was a miserable day. It poured ......... rain all afternoon, |. Note these expressions: It looks like rain to me. (| think ies going to rain.) | hope the rain lets up for the weekend. (finally stops) This rain looks as if t has set in for the rest ofthe day. (started and will continue) The rain is expected to last all weekend. (will continue) 2. Notice these ways of saying the rain was very heavy: | was pouring with rain. or It was pouring. | was bucketing with rain. or It was bucketing. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateCommon expressions Notes thunder and lightning ; sete | Common expressions | be struck by lightning lightning flashes a flash / bolt of lightning a clap of thunder ‘Match the halves: 1. During the storm, lightning 2. There was a sudden flash of lightning, 3. Tom was struck by lightning 4. Can lightning ever strike a. twice in the same place? b. flashed across the sky. 7 ¢. followed by a loud clap of thunder. . d. while playing golf. ¥ 1, You can also say a thunder clap as well as a clap of thunder. aA 2. Notice from the exercise that lightning flashes across the sky. Bee “Struck by lightning!” cloud Verb + cloud Adjective + cloud | clouds cover (the sun, sky) white / dark clouds | clouds float across the sky rain / storm clouds clouds lift thick cloud (@ plane) breaks through the clouds low cloud |. Verb + cloud Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. fewas a fine day when we got there. Only a few clouds were ..........aeross the sky. 2. Dark clouds suddenly the sun and | had to put a jumper on. 3. A few minutes after take-off our plane .......... through the clouds into bright sunlight. 4, Later in the day the clouds sand the mountains suddenly came into view. 2. Adjective + cloud Note Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: I. Black .......... clouds were gathering on the horizon, so we left the beach and went back to cour hotel before the rain started. 2. It was a beautiful summer's day with just a few, fluffy .......... clouds in the sky. 3. Visibility at the airport was poor because of the cloud and heavy rain. 4, We couldn't see the top of Mount Everest. It was covered in . cloud. Note these noun + preposition + cloud expressions: The whole country was covered in a blanket of cloud. There were a few breaks in the cloud later in the day, so we got some sunshine. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pro-itormodiato 7snow eee Adjective + snow Noun + of + snow show falls deep snow ‘a blanket of snow snow drifts heavy snow a fall of snow snow melts melting snow a flake of snow (snowflake) clear snow (from a path) Verb + snow Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The snow has been ..........steadily all day. I's now about 10 centimetres deep. 2. It took me over an hour to +-the snow from my front door to the street. 3. I don't think the snow will ie on the streets for very long. Is already starting to... 4, Snow had - against the garage door overnight and | couldn't push it open. 2. Adjective + snow ‘Match the halves: |. We had to struggle through a. by heavy snow. All main roads are closed. 2. The melting snow has caused b. deep snow to get here. It was knee-deep in places. 3. Many villages have been cut off severe flooding in the area. 3. Noun + of + snow Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. The day was cold, with frequent ...........of snow which only lasted a few minutes. 2. Afew.. of snow fell, but it never really started to snow properly. 3. Fresh snow fell during the night. The ground was covered in a thick .......... of snow when we got up. ice Verb + ice Adjective + ice forms be covered with ice thick ice ice melts skate on ice thin ice ice cracks skid on ice black ice scrape ice off (your car) slip on ice Verb + ice 38 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. The sun came out and... the ice on the pavements. 2. Do you think the ice on the pond is now thick enough to . ont 3. My friend's car... ‘on some black ice and hit a tree. 4, The lake is usually ..........with thick ice for most of January and February. 5. My mother broke her arm when she ..........0n some ice and fell. 6. As soon as | stood on the thin ice, it started to........... « I got offit very quickly! 7. Ice had ... ‘on the windscreen of my car overnight. | had to ..........it off before I could drive to work. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatewind Common expressions Adjective + wind the wind blows strong / high winds the wind changes a light wind the wind rises / gets up icy I cold / bitter winds the wind drops / dies down the wind whistles (through trees) cycle / walk / sail into the wind shelter from / out of the wind 1. Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The wind suddenly ..........direction and started to from the north. 2. | think we should wait till the wind ..........before we try to put up the tent. 3. You could hear the wind .-. through the small gaps in the windows. 4. We didn’t reach the top of the mountain, We decided to turn back when the wind started to . I'm getting cold. Let's ..........from the wind in that shop doorway over there. 6. The captain said that the ferry would be thirty minutes late because it was a very strong wind. into 2. Adjective + wind Note ‘Match the halves: 1. The flags on top of the castle fluttered gently a. it almost blew me off my feet. 2. Last night's high winds caused b. I was absolutely freezing when | got home. 3. The wind was so strong . in the light wind. 4. The icy wind cut right through me. d. serious damage to our roof. Note these noun + preposition + wind expressions: Ie wos absolutely still There wesn't a breath of wind. A strong gust of wind blew my hat off my head. fog Common expressions fog rolls in fog lifts / clears be / get lost in thick fog heavy / thick / dense fog Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The fog is beginning to . 0 our plane should be able to take off soon. 2. We were hopelessly ..........in thick fog, We stopped at a petrol station to ask where we were. They must have thought we were mad! 3. lt was lovely and sunny when we arrived at the beach, but when the fog . sea, we had to go home. It got so cold very quickly! «sin from the Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 38Test 4 sky sun moon stars. rain thunder light cloud snow ice wind fog I. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs and adjectives: Te ficecesecis appear, shine, full, new 2 get caught in, pour with, start, heavy 3. blow, change, drop, high A. cceeseee float, dark, low, storm 5. sseceseee COmes out, rise, set, shine 6 sesesesse [OOK up at, sleep under; shine, bright. Ze 8 9 i fall, melt, deep, heavy clear, roll in, thick, heavy . crack, form, mett, thin 0. brighten, look up at, clear, blue 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation The sky cleared / emptied and the sun came out. I's a good idea to avoid / miss the hot midday sun. It was easy to see where we were going because of the complete / full moon. There was no moon and the stars were flashing ! shining brightly. | got soaking wet in the heavy / strong rain. During the storm lightning flashed / shone across the sky. The low cloud lifted / went up and we were able to see the top of the mountain. There was a heavy drop / fal of snow overnight. Ice forms / is made on the lake in winter. 10. ke was dificult to walk in the heayy/ high winds. YeENenawne 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: |. [needed my sunglasses to drive because the was in my eyes. 2. The is very deep in places. Over 40cm fell last night. 3. A strong was blowing when we arrived in Sydney. 4. We should see the new ...........tonight. 5. I got caught in the ...........without an umbrella as | left work. 6. The plane landed safely after it was struck by .... 7. Looked out of my window at a clear, blue . 8. The ........+..0n the lake is very thin, so don't walk on it. 9. You couldn't see two metres in front of you in the thick ...... 10. Its a bit cloudy tonight, so you won't be able to see so many 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: |. We slept on the beach below / under the stars. 2. The moon disappeared behind / under a cloud. 3. We took shelter from / out the rain under a large tree. 4, We got lost in | inside thick fog on our way down the mountain, 40 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 5 The natural world sea 42 wave 42 river 43 island a beach 44 sand 45 mountain 46 forest 46 field 47 ground 47 test 5 48 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intormediate asea Common expressions Adjective + sea swim in the sea heavy J rough seas dive into the sea a calm / flat sea drown at sea the open sea live by the sea 0 by sea |. Prepositions Compete the sentences with the correct preposition: |. Living in Birmingham is OK, but I like to live the sea. 2. The whole family went swimming ..........the sea, 3. | dived off the side of the boat ..........the sea. 4, Because it is an island, most of Britain’s exports go sea. 5. My grandfather drowned .... sea when his fishing boat san! 2. Adjective + sea ‘Match the halves |. The sea was very calm. 2. The crew were rescued minutes before 3. The ferry left the harbour and 4. A fishing boat is missing the boat sank in heavy seas. Iwas like glass. in rough seas off the Italian coast. | headed out towards the open sea. ange Notes I. Note these ways of describing where something is: The town is 2000 metres above sea level The lake is almost 600 feet below sea level The Titanic lies on the sea bed, 12,000 feet below the surface. The documentary was about creatures that lve at the bottom of the sea 2. There are different ways of saying that you work at sea: ‘My father is an offer in the navy. My uncle is @ seaman in the merchant navy. wave | common expressions waves break on the shore waves crash against (the boat, rocks) waves lap against (the boat, rocks) surf the waves a huge wave a tidal wave Common expressions ‘Match the halves: |. There were hundreds of young people out 2. A tidal wave struck the town, 3. The little boat capsized after it was hit 4. Huge waves were crashing 5. The waves lapped 6. We sat on the beach watching the waves breaking on the shore. >. against the rocks. surfing the huge waves. gently against the side of the boat. by a huge wave. destroying almost all the buildings. 42 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateriver Verb + river Adjective + river ‘Common expressions cross a river a deep / shallow river fall into a river pollute a river a wide / narrow river walk along a river rivers flow a long river sail up / down a river rivers freeze drift down a river catch fish in a river a bridge across a river “I spent the afternoon down “This is the old bridge “The river's being polluted by at the river, fishing” ccross the river.” ‘waste from the local factory” 1. Verb + river Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Two major rivers . through our town. 2. The river . over completely during the freezing weather. 3. The only way to .........-the river is by ferry. There isn’t a bridge for miles. 4, Waste from factories continues to ..........0ur rivers, killing fish and wildlife 2. Adjective + river Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above adjectives: I. Is the Nile the river in the world or is it the Mississi 2. I don’t think welll be able to swim across the river at this point. It's far too. 3. The river’s quite deep here. Let's try to cross further up. It looks .... there. 3. Common expressions Note ‘Match the halves.Then underline the prepositions. 1. I caught six fish a. across the river. 2, We were only able to sail b. into the river. 3. They're building a new bridge c. in the River Tyne at the weekend. 4. The boat drifted slowly 4. along the river bank 5. After dinner we went for a walk ce. down the river towards the open sea. 6. I slipped on the wet ground and fell f._up the river as far as the dam, (One side of a river is called the river bank. Both sides are the banks of the river: The river overflowed its banks after a week of heayy rainfall, The village was flooded when the river rose and burst its banks. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 43island Verb + island Adjective + island live on an island a desert island get to / reach an island a remote island visit an island a tropical island leave an island an island is uninhabited sail round an island islands attract (tourists) I. Verb + island ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The only way to ..........to the istand is by boat. A daily ferry connects it to the mainland. 2. Are there people on the island? | thought nobody . there. 3. Many of the young people are forced to . «the island to find work on the mainland. 4, Welll be ..........a number of Greek islands on our Mediterranean cruise. 5. The island is a popular holiday resort. It =. around 80,000 tourists a year: 6 We. round the island in the middle of the lake, but there was nothing much to see. 2. Adjective + island Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. les such a.....+.-.-island that very few tourists go there. It’s so difficult to get to. 2. What would you take with you if you had to spend some time alone on a. island? 3. My idea of the perfect holiday would be two weeks on a.......... island in the Pacific Ocean! 4 |. The island of St Kilda is .. Nobody lives there any more. It's off the west coast of Scotland. beach Verb + beach Common expressions go to the beach a beautiful beach spend the day at the beach lie on the beach a sandy beach stroll along the beach clean up the beach a private beach people flock to the beach the beach stretches for an unspoilt beach a beach holiday (miles) a dirty beach something is washed up on the whole beach the beach I. Verb + beach Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. There's nothing | like better than a beach holiday somewhere really warm. | just love -on the beach, sunbathing all day long. 2. The beach is very dirty They need to . it up. 3. Our kids love to the beach 4, When we went to Cuba, our hotel was right on the beach. It for miles in each direction, as far as the eye could see. 44 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate2. Adjective + beach ‘Match the halves: 1. Tourism is new to the area 2. Thad the whole beach to myself. 3. Be careful.The local beach is dirty. 4. The east coast of the country is famous 5. Tourists are attracted to the area by its 6. The hotel has a It’s contaminated with raw sewage. >. endless sandy beaches and perfect weather. so you'll find a lot of unspoilt beaches. private beach with a bar. . There wasn't another soul in sight! for its beautiful beaches. meange 3. Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: |. We strolled barefoot .......... the beach. 2. Because of the good weather, thousands of tourists are flocking «the beaches today. 3. It was very hot so we decided to spend the day ..........the beach. 4. Last week a dead whale was washed up ..........the beach. “Strolling barefoot along the beach” “A whale washed up on the beach” “Burying dod in the sand!” | Common expressions Adjective + sand | dig in the sand hot sand bury (something) in the sand dry / wet sand get sand in (your eyes) soft sand (the wind) blows sand into (your eyes) 1. Verb + sand Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. hate . sand in my shoes! It’s so uncomfortable. 2. Our children love «in the sand and making sand castles. 3. [found a set of car keys .........-in the sand 4. A sudden gust of wind ..........sand into our faces. 2. Adjective + sand ‘Match the halves: 1. The sand was so hot a. the wet sand to the island. 2. When the tide went out, we walked across. the dry sand off my feet. 3. sed a towel to brush «. the soft sand. 4, My feet kept sinking into d. it burnt the soles of my feet. oy Words for Fluoncy ~ Pro-intermodiato 45mountain Adjective + mountain Common expressions the highest mountain climb a mountain a steep mountain be surrounded by mountains Noun + of + mountain valk in the mountains cho top of a moundain ‘take a (dificult) route through the mountains the foot / bottom of a mountain fall to your death on a mountain the side of a mountain | a view of a mountain 1. Common collocations ‘Complete the sentences with one word: 1. She was the first American woman to climb Everest, the mountain in the world. 2. Athens is ..........by mountains. This makes it very very hot in the middle of summer. 3. K2 in the Himalayas is a very difficult mountain to ......s.++ + 4, Itis nearly impossible to climb such a ‘mountain without special equipment. ‘Match the halves and note the prepositions that are used with ‘mountain’ 5, le was along climb 6. I'm an outdoor person and enjoy walking 7. We took the scenic route 8. Two young climbers fell to their deaths a. on Mount Blane yesterday. . up the mountain, but the view was worth it. . in the mountains at weekends. d. through the mountains on our way to Geneva. 2. Noun + of + mountain Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. We camped at the ..........0f the mountain beside a river. 2. My village is situated on the ..........ofa steep mountain, about halfway up. 3, had a fantastic ..........0f the mountains from my hotel room. 4, We didn't reach the of the mountain. We had to turn back because of bad weather. forest ‘common expressions clear a forest destroy a forest forests cover (the mountain) forests shrink | the destruction of the forests a path through the forest ‘Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of « noun or verb from the above expressions: In 1997 huge fires ..........a large area of tropical rainforest in Borneo. Much of Sweden is in dense pine forest. Every year millions of acres of forest are . -to make the paper for newspaper. There's a through the middle of the forest, which is quite easy to follow. The world's tropical rainforests have . - to almost half the size they were 10 years ago. The Green Party argues that we are all responsible for the ..........0f our forests, and says that we must all play a part in protecting them for future generations. sawn 46 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatefield ‘Common expressions farmers plough fields animals graze in fields green fields fields of wheat, potatoes etc Common expressions ‘Match the halves: |. The farmers don’t have tractors. They use . The village I live in is surrounded by It. was a very big farm. There were . There were lots of cows awn green fields fields of wheat as far as the eye could see. grazing in the fields. |. oxen to plough their fields. “A herd of cows grazing inthe feld” ground Common expressions Adjective + ground lie on the ground hard / soft ground be below ground uneven ground be (10 metres) above / off the ground the ground is frozen fall to the ground (@ building) is burned to the ground |. Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: 1. The old man suddenly collapsed and fell ........ the ground. 2. We lay ........the ground and watched the clouds racing across the sky. 3. [had to cross the river using a rope bridge which was about 20 metres ‘the ground. 4, The miners work about 250 metres ........ground, 5. Our school was burned the ground at the weekend. Police believe the fire was started deliberately. 2. Adjective + ground Match the halves: |. The wheels of the car got stuck a. Itis frozen solid! 2. The ground in the garden is too hard to dig. b. over the uneven ground. 3. Thad to walk carefully in the soft ground, Note _Note how we use ‘ground! to describe specific places: Seating for spectators is now compulsory at football grounds in the UK. Theres a Roman burial ground near here, but 'm not sure if anyone famous is buried there We found the old lady wandering around the grounds of the hospital People are using the waste ground behind the old factory to dump old cars and furniture. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate a7sea wave river island beach sand mountain forest 1. Identifying the key word field Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs and adjectives: i ® lie on, beautiful, sandy, unspoilt z climb, be surrounded by. high, steep ive on, sail round, desert, uninhabited dive into, swim in, calm, rough graze in, plough, green frozen, hard, uneven surf, huge, tidal dig in, hot, soft, wet clear, destroy, shrink One cross, pollute, long, wide 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: The sea was very rough / strong. So | didn't really enjoy the ferry crossing I sat on the beach watching the waves breaking / fang on the shore. The River Thames flows / travels through the centre of London. These islands attract / gather thousands of tourists every year. You'll love the place with its sunny weather and unspoilt / unused beaches. I hate it when the wind blows / throws sand in your face. Its one of the highest / tallest mountains in the area. The world’s rainforests are reducing / shrinking rapidly. Most modern farmers use tractors to dig / plough their fields. PONeMawNe 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: The hotel is only 40 metres from the sea and has its own private . It’s quite a remote It takes the ferry about 12 hours to get there. | like going to the swimming pool, but | much prefer swimming in the . We couldn't see the top of the It was hidden by clouds. ‘We watched the animals grazing in the . ur boat nearly capsized after it was hit by a huge . | think we can cross the here. It looks quite shallow. ~ONanawne Asa child, | loved digging in the when we went to the beach. 4. Prepositions 48 Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: We spent Sunday at / in the beach because the weather was so good. | would like to live in a large house on / by the sea We took the short route in / through the mountains on our way to Italy. ‘When | was a boy | lived in / on a small island just off the coast of France. le was very stormy with big waves crashing against / on the side of our boat. wayne Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate ground The ...........Was Very uneven in places, so we had to be careful as we walked.Section 6 Animals and plants animal bird fish pet cat dog plant crop flower grass tree garden fence gate test 6 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 50 50 50 51 51 51 52 52 53) 53 Da sae 55 55) 56 49animal | Common expressions hune an animal test (drugs) on animals be cruel to animals an animal lover Common expressions ‘Match the halves: |. Some of the animals in the zoo Many people believe that killing animals | think that hunting is cruel to animals, and None of our company’s products My father used to take me into the forest Martin's got three dogs and two cats. bird and fish Expressions with bird birds fly birds build nests birds lay eggs birds migrate We feed the birds. oH AwNe «@ bird on its nest fying awoy ‘Common expressions kill an animal treat an animal (well, badly) a wild animal spange has been tested on animals. He's a real animal lover. ‘to hunt wild animals. were badly treated. that it should be banned. for sport is wrong. Verb + fish fish swim catch fish flopping its wings swimming catching a fish Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs their eggs in spring, how do we get hens to do this all year round? -++--from Europe to Africa for the winter, 1. If most birds 2. Abird has . its nest in our garage! Come and have a look. 3. Ididn't..........any fish today. They weren't biting. 4, Many different species of bird 5. We always ...the birds when the ground is covered by snow. 6. | could see lots of different kinds of colourful fish 7. As we got closer, the bird spread its wings and under the boat. away. I'm not sure what kind it was. Note Note these noun expressions: The bird watchers were hoping to spot some woodpeckers in the forest. A lot of the fish we buy today is produced in fish farms. 50 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediatepet Verb + pet keep pets feed your pet look after your pet (cats) make good pets Verb + pet Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Believe it or not, rats ..........Very good pets. They sell them in the pet shop. 2. It is important that you teach your children how to ..........after their pets. 3. One of the conditions of living in this flat is that we can't .......... pets. 4, You can only have a pet if you agree now that you will . it yourself! cat and dog Verb + dog Expressions with dog Verb + cat look after a dog take the dog for a walk cats have kittens feed the dog set your dog on someone cats purr dogs bite keep your dog on a lead cats scratch dogs bark Beware of the dog! cats catch (mice) dogs attack (people, sheep) _a breed of dog feed a cat dogs foul the streets put the cat out 1. Verb + dog Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. 'm.........-.after my neighbour's dog while she's away on holiday. 2. | was by a dog, and had to go to my doctor to get a tetanus injection, 3. Have you..........the dog yet? There’s a tin of dog food in the cupboard. 4, The dog next door keeps trying to .. my cat, but it never manages to catch it! 5. Dog owners will be fined if they don’t clean up when their dogs .......... the streets. 6. I'm fed up with the dog next door ..........day and night! We're moving! 2. Common expressions with cat and dog Note ‘Match the halves: 1. Dogs must be kept on a lead at all times a. ll set my dog on you. 2. If you don't leave now, b. ‘Beware of the Dog’ 3. That's a strange-looking dog. . for a walk, please? 4. The sign on the gate said, 4. while you are in the park. 5. Will you take the dog e. What breed is it? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 6. My brother says helll..........the cat while we're away. 7. came home from work to find that my cat had .......... six kittens! 8. The cat .........,another mouse lat night. Thats why fe was so loudly! 9. Lusually .. the cat out just before | go to bed. 10. Don't worry, Clio’s very tame. She won't bite or .....-.-.-YoU. Farmers use sheep dogs. Blind people use guide dogs, which have been specially trained. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 51plant — Verb + plant Adjective + plant a plant grows a climbing plant a plant produces (flowers, fruit) a poisonous plant a plant is used (in cooking) 2 pot plant water a plane 1. Verb + plane Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Did you know that a large number of common plants are ..........to make medicines? 2. Garlic is one plant which well in a warm climate. 3. It's an attractive plant which «small red berries throughout the autumn, 4. We're going abroad for two weeks. Do you think you could our plants while we're away in China? 2. Adjective + plant ‘Match the halves: I. I there's one kind of pot plant | hate, 2. Climbing plants like ivy may look very nice, 3. Some plants from which we get medicines a. are very poisonous. b. it’s geraniums. cc. but they can do a lot of damage to buildings. “Wyy can be a nuisance” Verb + crop plant crops grow crops spray crops harvest crops (the weather) ruins crops Verb + crop Notes 62 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Unfortunately, 10 days of heavy rain have totally . the crops. 2. Did you know that most farmers .......... their crops with harmful pesticides? 3. Most of our land is used for .. cash crops, like tobacco, cotton and tea 4. We need to employ extra workers at the beginning of the growing season when we «the crops, and at the end of the season when we .......... them. |. Genetically-modified crops are commonly known as GM crops: There's an anti I think it’s due at 6am. 3. My next-door neighbour travels ........the same train as me to work every day. A. Inever take the car to work. Its actually quicker train. 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: |. | booked the train tickets on the internet, a. let’ get the earlier train. 2. Is ita direct train b. The No 8515 to Bordeaux leaves at 22.40. 3. Just to be on the safe side, . but we'll have to pick them up at the station. 4. I'm sure | can download d. or do we have to change? 5. I think we should get a later train e. the train timetable, I. The illustration at the top of this page is of a goods train — one that carries goods not passengers. 2. Overnight trains with beds are called sleepers: Tm getting the sleeper from London to Inverness tonight. Note that we call the train the sleeper’ ~ not ‘the sleeper train’ Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 61taxi Verb + taxi Taxi + noun take a taxi (to work) a taxi driver drive a taxi a taxi rank ‘wait for a taxi a taxi ride call a taxi the taxi fare share a taxi jump into a taxi 1. Verb + taxi ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My dad's a teacher, but he 2. Id..........-a taxi if lwere you. It'll be much quicker than the bus. 3. Ifthe four of us . +a taxi, itll be almost as cheap as going by bus. + a taxi at the weekends to make some extra money. 4. 1...2....... into a taxi outside the hotel and told the driver to take me to the airport. 5. I'll get my secretary to ...........youa taxi. 6. How long did you have to . for a taxi 2. Taxi + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. Ie’s just a shore taxi -+++..from the airport to my house. It shouldn’t cost much. 2. If you want to know anything about a city, just ask a taxi.........0.! 3. How much is the taxi +++. t0 the airport? 4. There’s a taxi........... outside the station, so you'll have no problems getting a taxi Nc Fy dino nn ha ce od poe Erte ferry Verb + ferry Ferry + noun board a ferry a ferry crossing catch / take a ferry a ferry terminal cross by ferry | ferries sail ferries link / connect (places, islands) Common collocations ‘Complete the sentences with one word: |. There isn’t a bridge across the river ~ you have to ........ by ferry. 2. When you arrive at the ferry -,Someone will tell you where to park. 3. There are regular ferry ........from Calais to Dover. 4. A chily ferry ........the islands to the mainland. 5. We the overnight ferry from Harwich to Rotterdam. 6. You won't be allowed to ........ the ferry until about half an hour before it sails. 7. The ferry won't........if the weather is bad. 62 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatebike Verb + bike Common expressions ride a bike have a go on someone's bike get on / off your bike go for a ride on your bike fall off your bike lean your bike against (a wall) hire a bike cchain your bike to (a gate) knock somebody off their bike your bike has a puncture |. Verb + bike Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Unfortunately, ........ off my bike and broke my arm in two places. 2. I couldn't ‘on my dad’s bike. It was too big for me. 3. My younger brother is learning to a bike at the moment. 4, Ihave to........ off my bike and push it up a steep hill to get to school. 5. I nearly had an accident today. Some idiot in a car almost me off my bike! 6. Lalways ....... a bike when I'm on holiday. It's the best way to get around. 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: . At night | chain my bike to a lamppost I had to push my bike home from school today. I before I went into the shop. 2 3. Neil’s not in. He's gone 4 5. for a ride on his bike. on your new bike? so that nobody will steal it It had a puncture in the front wheel. 1. Can I have a go leant my bike against the wall pange lorry Common expressions load / unload a lorry drive a lorry lorries carry things lorries deliver things lorries overturn a heavy lorry Common expressions Note Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: You need a special licence to a lorry in most countries. Fresh bread and milk are ...........by lorry every morning before the shop opens. the lorry was hard work. I'm exhausted. The lorry in front of us was ...........sheep. A lorry carrying coal --on the main road yesterday. It blocked the main road for nearly six hours. ware Note these expressions: Heavy lorries can't cross the old bridge. They have to use the tunnel The road was closed after a lorry shed its load. (dropped what it was carrying) A lorry ran into the back of me at the traffic lights. (hit my car at the back) Key Words for Fluency - Pre-intermediate 63Test 7 car bus petrol plane airport train «taxi ferry — bike lorry 1. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs: run for, get on, get off, miss fall off, get on, hire, ride board, sail, take get into, get out of, hire, park drive, load, carry (things) express, catch, change, get on, miss call, drive, hail, share be stuck at, circle, close board, catch, crash, fly fill up with, run on, price of ~wenanawene 10. 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: 1. Lwas sixteen before | learned to drive I ride a bike. 2. Don't get off / get out of the bus while it is moving. 3. Quite a few people got off at the station but no one boarded / got into the train. 4. Let me know when you're leaving and Ill call / ring you a taxi. 5. There’s a taxi station / rank just outside the hotel. 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: I. Lean't use my ........... [es got a puncture, 2. There's no bridge or air link to the island, so you'll have to cross by ... 3. There's a...........stop just outside my house. 4. There's no direct rail link. You'll have to change at Oxford. 5. Has anyone seem my .... keys? 6. It took us nearly an hour to unload the crates of milk from the ... 7. This is the first time I've flown in such a huge & 8. I saved money by sharing a -from the airport with two other tourists. 9. The waiting room at the railway -was very crowded. 4, Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: I. I think he’s gone out for a ride in / on his bike. 2. The island can only be reached by / with ferry. 3. I had to brake suddenly when a bus pulled away / out in front of me. 4. A heavy lorry ran into / up the back of the bus. 5. Their plane lands at / on Heathrow in about half an hour. 6. I waited nearly an hour before a taxi came along / in, 7. Her train's due in / on at 2.30 this afternoon, 8. I can drop you at / to the station on my way to work. 64 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 8 Travel road journey driver licence tourist tour ticket queue seat test 8 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 66 67 68 68 69 69 70 7O ae 72 65road | Verb + road Adjective + road Road + noun | cross the road a busy road a road accident dig up the road a clear road a road sign | follow the road an icy road road safety build roads a wide / narrow road block the road the main road the wrong road | 1. Verb + road Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. s.ssss2+2+the main road till you come to a cinema. Then turn right. 2. Its easier to the road here — at the lights. 3. Some road workers are . «up the road outside my house, so | can’t get my car back into the garage. 4. Thousands of people were late for work today when angry farmers ...........the roads into the city with their tractors. 5. I think the only way to solve the traffic problems in this country is for the government to more roads. 2. Adjective + road ‘Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: I. We took the .........1road and lost our way: We eventually had to ask a policeman for directions. 2. The road into town is very .........on weekdays, but quite quiet at the weekends. 3. Let's wait until the roads are -.,then welll leave. | hate driving in heavy traffic. 4. Some of the country roads were very -.- - Sometimes, there was only enough room for one car, 5. The roads are...........this morning, so take care when you are driving to work. 6. When we reached the city we left the . find somewhere to park. -foad and turned into a side road, hoping to 3. Road + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: I. We had lessons in road when we were at primary school. 2. There were no road «at the junction, so | didn't know which turning to take. 3. Speeding is the main cause of road 4. Preposition focus 6s. Match the halves: I. The journey takes about six hours | parked the car . | stopped because a cow was standing |. My friend Ashti lives about 100 metres . | think there are too many cars . The old woman was walking The cinema is just at the side of the road, outside the bank. by road, or one hour by air across the road when she was knocked down. on the roads these days. . off the main road. You can’t miss it. in the middle of the road. . down the road from me in an old cottage. Mevaen emrpangp Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatejourney Verb + journey Adjective + journey set off on a journey a long / short journey make a journey a tiring journey break your journey a safe journey | complete your journey ‘the return journey | the journey takes (an hour) an awful journey an uneventful journey “tt been a long and tiring journey, but we're here at last!” I. Verb + journey Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My journey to school ...........from 40 minutes to an hour, depending on the traffic 2. Why do so many car drivers .... the journey to work alone? 3. Our train broke down and we had to ...........the journey by coach. 4, Harry ..........-0ff on his journey across Asia about a month ago, but nobody has heard from him yet. 5, It’s always a good idea to ...........a long car journey. It reduces the risk of having an accident. 2. Adjective + journey Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Have a journey. We hope to see you again soon 2. Our house is only a... journey from the airport. It’s only a five-minute drive away. 3. You'd better save some money for the --journey. 4, The journey home was very .. The roads were so busy | had to concentrate all the time, 5. Its quite a........... journey. It takes about 12 hours by bus or 9 by train 6. We arrived in Oslo after an journey —no delays, no problems whatsoever. 7. We had an journey. First, there was heavy rain and then the car broke down. Notes I. Note these common expressions: How was the journey home? We're stil in touch with fiends we made on the journey back from Stockholm. The joumey to work in the rush-hour is @ nightmare. The last stage I leg of the journey was by helicopter. 2. Note the expression ‘journey time’ Bad weather could add another hour to your journey time. These new trains are much faster They are going to cut an hour off the journey time. Koy Words for Fuency ~ Pre-intermediate 87driver Verb + driver Adjective + driver drivers speed a drunk driver drivers lose control a good I safe driver drivers are killed a learner driver drivers turn (left) an injured driver I. Verb + driver Match the halves: |. Drivers who are caught speeding a. without indicating. 2. The driver turned right b. on the icy road, and crashed into a bus shelter. 3. The driver of the bus was killed c. will receive a heavy fine. 4. The driver lost control of the vehicle d. outright in the accident. 2. Adjective + driver Notes Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above adjectives: |. Itis a myth that men are - drivers than women. 2. ..sssss+2+-drivers are a danger to everyone. 3. Fire-fighters helped free the ...........driver from the wreckage of the truck. 4. tm still a driver. | haven't passed my test yet. |. We talk about car, bus, taxi, truck and train drivers AA back seat driver is an annoying person who is always telling the driver what to do. ‘A hitcand-run driver is one who causes an accident, then drives away, 2. Note these expressions with ‘driving’: He was charged with causing death by dangerous driving. He was found guity of reckless driving and disqualified from driving for 6 months. He was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol at the time of the accident. licence Verb + licence hold a licence lose your licence see your licence licences are endorsed Verb + licence Notes Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. He was caught drunk driving and has ... his driving licence for two years. 2. All applicants for the job must . a driving licence. 3. She was fined £300 for speeding, and her licence was 26 4. | was pulled over by a patrol car and a police officer asked to .. my licence. I. Note the following expression: ve got @ clean driving icence. (I have committed no driving offences.) 2. In the UK you receive three penalty points on your licence if you are caught speeding. When you have 12 penalty points, you lose your licence. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intormediatetourist Verb + tourist Tourist + noun attract tourists a tourist attraction scare away tourists 2 (popular) tourist destination tourists arrive a tourist office tourists visit (a country) a tourist visa rob tourists the tourist industry the tourist season 1, Verb + tourist Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. A number of tourists have been . recently. Don't carry cash around with you. 2. The number of American tourists who .... Europe has decreased since 2001. 3, The recent bomb attacks on hotels have <1 -away the tourists. 4. Millions of British tourists ...........in Spain every July and August. 5. Tourists are ...........to the islands by the great beaches and fantastic weather. 2. Tourist + noun Notes Match the halves: This course prepares students for jobs in a. a tourist visa. You'll get leaflets about places to visit from _b. the world's top tourist destinations. The city map shows all «. the tourist season is over. Disneyland is one of 4. the tourist office. To go on holiday to China, | had to get e. the tourist industry. The town’s pretty quiet in winter when _f, the major tourist attractions. oaawre |. Note this way of talking about a lot of tourists: Every summer the town is invaded by tourists. 2. Note these expressions: This hotel is very popular with tourists. ‘Many tourists are worried they'll get ripped off. (pay far too much for something) tour Adjective + tour a coach tour a guided tour a package tour a (five-day) tour Adjective + tour Note Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Last year | went on an eight- ...........walking tour in the French Alps. 2. Inever go on - tours. | always feel sick on buses. 3. We went ona tour of Rome on an open-top bus. ran tours are still the cheapest way of visiting a country. Note the expression: | work as «@ tour guide during my holidays from university Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 69ticket Verb + ticket Adjective + ticket buy a ticket a lottery ticket | issue (you) with a ticket a parking ticket | lose a ticket a plane ticket sell a ticket 2 season ticket I. Verb + ticket Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Ista my ticket and they wouldn't let me on the plane. 2. The organisers have already 25,000 tickets for next month's exhibition. 3. In my country, you need to a ticket from a machine or a shop before you get on the bus. The driver can't ..........you with a ticket — he only drives the bus. 2. Adjective + ticket ‘Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Iefe my car on double yellow lines and got another ...........ticket! 2. The first prize was a...........ticket ~a return flight to New York. 3. V always buy a. ticket at the weekend. | still dream of winning millions one day. 4. If you go to a lot of football matches, you'll save money if you buy a .. «ticket. Note We talk about ai, rail, plane and bus tickets; cinema, theatre and concert tickets. Verb + queue be in a queue stand in a queue join a queue jump the queue the queue stretched for (half a mile) Ht Wi Ld Verb + queue Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. If you want tickets for the ferry, you'll have to the queue at the ticket office. 2. Iwas... «in the bus queue when two boys pushed in front of me. 3. The queue at the bus stop down the road and round the corner. 4 5. Excuse me,........-..you in the queue? Just because you have to get home quickly doesn’t mean you can ...........the queue = so get to the back of the queue and wait in line like everyone else! 70 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateVerb + seat Adjective + seat Common expressions give up your seat a back seat get up from your seat save someone a seat an empty seat show someone to their seat leave your seat a good seat hold onto the seat | reserve a seat a reclining seat climb into your seat | the seat is taken a(n) (un)comfortable seat someone is in your seat a(n) aisle / window seat |. Verb + seat Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. The 8 o'clock is a very busy train, so it’s a goo. 2. .ssseerseme a seat if you get there before me. 3. Excuse me. Is this seat free or has it been 41 ++. Up my seat on the bus to a pregnant woman. 5. Please do not...........your seat until the plane has come to a complete standstill and the seatbelt sign has been switched off I'm sorry, sir I think we've made a mistake. If you could wait about § minutes, we'll have a very nice table on the balcony. Would you like a drink on the house? Key Words for Fluency ~ Pro-intermediate 79Test 9 breakfast lunch dinner restaurant waiter / waitress bill bar service menu table . Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: recommend, try out, Italian, fully-booked have, pay, split cesses call, work as, friendly, rude : have, invite to, prepare, take out to make, skip, cooked, continental get, study, share, children’s * carly, three-course, packed, Sunday sescesesese awful, excellent, slow c book, wait for, free, ready 0. . «work behind, stand at, crowded, snack LEN eNVAwWRe 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: | don’t think it is a good idea to avoid / skip breakfast. Its an important meal. Tm not hungry during the day and | usually just have a light / small lunch. We'd like to invite / offer you to dinner on Saturday night. The new Greek restaurant serves / cooks great food. Can you call / tell the waiter? I'd like some more water. The bill orrives at / comes to £67. Can you give me a few minutes to see / study the menu, please? . Your table is made / ready. Would you like to come this way? 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: |. Ltook a packed with me when we went on the school trip to the seaside. 2. A young French «took our order. He was very polite and friendly. 3. We're going out for this evening. 4. It was my turn to go to the .. ..,and order the drinks. 5. When | sat down, the waiter handed me the. 6. as 8. ENE VAN We tried to book a... at Fabio’ but the was fully booked. | usually have cereal for ............,but sometimes | have a boiled egg and toast. We split the --. between the three of us. It worked out at about £20 each. The .........+.-Was excellent. We only waited a short while for our food to arrive. 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: We discussed the deal over / with dinner at the Sheraton Hotel The post office was closed at / for lunch He runs a chain for / of restaurants in the West End. | work behind / at a bar in the evenings. Have you got a table by / with the window? Have they got anything spicy in / on the menu? ao eS 80 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediatoSection 10 Drink coffee 82 tea 83 beer 84. wine 85 bottle 86 glass 86 cup 87 test 10 88 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 81coffee Verb + coffee Adjective + coffee Noun + of + coffee drink coffee black / white coffee a cup / mug of coffee have a coffee strong / weak coffee a jar of coffee make coffee instant coffee a sip of your coffee pour coffee fresh coffee the smell of coffee spill coffee (on the floor) hot coffee a quick coffee |. Verb + coffee Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. I spent much of my student life sitting around coffee, 2. The waiter me some more coffee as we waited for the bill to arrive. 3. Sorry. Ive some coffee on your carpet. Have you got a wet cloth? 4. Let's a coffee before we start the shopping. 5. I'l clear the table if you «the coffee. There's a jar beside the bread bin. 2. Adjective + coffee 3. Noun + of + coffee Notes 82 Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Iburnt my mouth on some . - coffee. I should have waited until it had cooled! 2. Mil make some ........... coffee if anyone wants some more. 3. Do you take your coffee black or .. 2 4. Do you think we've got time for a...........coffee before the lecture? 5. 6 find it difficult to get to sleep if | drink coffee in the evening. We don't have any real coffee but you'll find a jar of coffee in the cupboard above the sink. Match the halves: . We get through Hove . Oscar handed round . Any chance of I took a sip of the coffee and spat it out. weeps . It tasted like dishwater! a whole jar of coffee every week. 2 cup of coffee, jill? |. mugs of hot coffee. . the smell of freshly ground coffee. ee “Coe sso lst century, my dea! Ia edo you Wes your cafe? lattes, expressos and cappuccinos now!” ’m dying fora cup of coffe. (| need one now), 2. Note these kinds of coffe: Instant coffee consists of cofee granules. Reo coffe is made with coffee beans. You grind coffee beans to make fiter coffe or an expresso. Decaffeinated coffe is coffee with no caffeine init Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatetea Verb + tea Adjective + tea Common expressions drink tea strong / weak tea a cup / mug of tea have tea hot tea a pot of tea make tea sweet tea a drop of tea serve tea iced tea have milk in (your) tea bring (you) tea I. Verb + tea Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. When the programme ended, | put the kettle on to ...........some tea. 2. Waiters in white uniform tea and cakes to the guests at the garden party. 3. I'm getting tired. Let's stop at the next service station and ...........some tea 4, My husband ............1me a cup of tea in bed this morning. 5, We sat down and ...........our tea in silence. 2. Adjective + tea Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. We tried to cool down by drinking lots of ...........tea. 2. She makes the tea too = -You can hardly taste it! 3. Yuk! This tea's too How many spoonfuls of sugar did you put in it? 4, I blew on the .........+-tea to cool it down. 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: 1. We'd like scones and a pot 2. | usually start the day 3. Would you like a drop of tea? 4, like milk in my tea, a. with a cup of tea. b. I've just made some. c. but there's none in the fridge. d. of tea for two, please. 1. Note this way of saying you really need some tea rae 1 could murder a cup of ta right now! “There's nothing ke a nice cup of tea!” 2. Note how we describe drinking tea: He gulped his tea down and rushed back to work, (drank quickly) She sipped her tea slowly. He slurped his tea, (made a noise as he drank) 3. You don't need to say ‘cup of when ordering tea: Two teas, a doughnut, and a piece of chocolate cake, please. You can also get green tea, herbal tea, China tea, Indian teo, etc. 5. You can buy tea in teabags or loose: Don't forget to get a pocket of tea bags, We've none lef CCould you get some loose tea ~ maybe a packet of Assam and a packet of Ear! Grey 1 hate real tea ~ all those tea leaves! | much prefer tea made with a teabag. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 83beer Verb + beer Adjective + beer Noun + of + beer | drink beer a cool / cold beer a bottle of beer | have a beer bottled / draught beer a can of beer | brew beer low-alcohol beer a sixepack of beer order a beer the beer is flat a pint of beer 1. Verb + beer Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The Czech Republic is famous for the fantastic beers it ........++ 2. The waiter came to the table when you were at the toilet, so we you another beer. Is that OK? 3. eseseeese-a beer, Greg. This German lager is very good. Try it. 4. don't... beer, so Ill have a whisky if you've got one. “From sixppack to beer belly!” 2. Adjective + beer Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Pil have a beer as I'm driving. If they don’t have any, just get me a soft drink. 2. There's nothing like a. beer to satisfy your thirst after a hard game of tennis. 3, My beer was ...........— there was no fizz in it. So | took it back to the bar. 4. They don't have any ........... beer — they only have bottles. Do you still want one? 3. Noun + of + beer Note a4 Match the halves: 1. Lwas so thirsty, a. washed down with a bottle of beer. 2. Ihad a plate of pasta, b. littered with empty beer cans. 3. After the party the streets were ¢. to take to the barbecue. 4, I bought a six-pack of beer 4. | downed two pints of beer in 5 minutes. 1. In Id in exercise 3 ‘down’ means to drink ~ usually quickly. Note this other way of saying this: He knocked back his beer and left the bar. 2. A beer belly describes a large stomach: His beer belly hangs over is belt Its a pretty ugly sight. 3, A'sixepack’ can refer to a pack of 6 bottles or cans of beer or it can refer to the muscles on a man's body. 4. Alcoholic drinks like vodka, whisky and rum are called spirits. Note these expressions: I poured myself a glass of whisky. 1 like « lange I double whisky, please | always drink whisky neat straight. (with nothing in it) 5. In the UK you order beer ata bar in the following ways: A bottle of Grolsch, please. A pint of Stel, please. A pine of biter, please. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatewine Verb + wine Adjective + wine Common expressions drink wine a white / red wine a bottle of wine pour wine a sweet / dry wine a glass of wine serve wine ‘an expensive fa cheap wine _a case of wine store wine a good / fine wine the effect of wine spill wine (on the table) a sparkling wine & “Do have one of these ite fishy things — and help yourself to the wine!" . Verb + wine Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Lcan't ......2.+.. if you don’t mind. . pass the biscuits, please? |. chocolate biscuits from my diet a packet of biscuits during the coffee break. Ew peoge |. Note the verb + preposition in the following: ‘She divided the cake (equal) among the children She divided the cake into ten (equal) sce. 2, Note these ways of saying the cake was good Her cakes are delicous. ! Her cakes are (simply) out of this word 3. The idiom ‘e was a piece of cake’ means that something was very easy to do: The exam wos 0 piece of cake. finished half an hour before the end Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 9pasta | Verb + pasta Common expressions | boil pasta a (large) helping of pasta | cook pasta a bow! of pasta drain the pasta a plate of pasta eat pasta the pasta sticks to the pot I. Verb + pasta Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Pasta is the easiest thing in the world to .. its horrible! 2. | think you only need to ... fresh pasta for about 5 minutes before it’s ready to eat. 3. V always ...........a lot of pasta when I'm in Italy. 4, When the pasta is cooked, -it over the sink, then add the sauce and serve. What could be simpler! -. My mother usually over-cooks it and 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I. She gave me a huge helping of pasta, a. 0 some of the pasta stuck to the bottom. 2. The waiter placed a huge bowl of pasta _b. and he finished it in minutes! 3. There wasn't enough water in the pot, _c. but I couldn’t finish it. 4. | gave him a large plate of pasta d. in the middle of the table. rice Common expressions grow rice cat rice wash rice served with rice boiled / fried rice a bowl of rice 2 grain of rice a diet of rice Common expressions Match the haives: |. The refugees are living on a. enough rice to feed its people. 2. She gave me a large bow! of rice and b. by more than half of the world’s population. 3. Make sure you wash the rice thoroughly _—_c._ boiled rice or fried rice. 4. I think curry is best served with d. before cooking it. 5. Itis a fact that rice is eaten . a pair of chopsticks. 6. Unfortunately, the country can't grow f. grains of rice fell all over the kitchen floor. 7. The bag of rice had a hole in it, so & a simple diet of rice and fish. Notes |, There are lots of different kinds of rice: brown rice basmati white rice longgrain rice short-grain rice 2. Rice pudding is rice boiled with milk and sugar, 3. A rice dish is a dish made with rice: Risotto is a kind of rice dish. 100 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediatepotatoes Verb + potatoes grow potatoes boil potatoes Verb + potatoes peel the potatoes slice the potatoes Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Potatoes need to 2. My mother was standing at the sink, 3. Could you AL Welton: up around August: Note Boiled / mashed / roost potatoes A baked potato mS sy earn mares chips ‘Common expressions fish and chips a bag of chips Common expressions Match the halves: 1, My meal came with a huge portion of chips. 2, Two bags of chips please. And can you 3. The chips were terrible. 4, Vd like fish Note the US. They are either flavoured or plain: «for about 15-20 minutes before they're ready. potatoes for dinner. the potatoes thickly and we'll have chips tonight with the chicken. Our own potatoes in our garden.We plant them in the spring and dig them Note the different ways of cooking and serving potatoes: ‘mashing potatoes «plate of chips a portion of chips greasy chips a. and chips, please. b. They were awful ~ all soft and greasy! ¢. put some salt and vinegar on them, please. d. There was too much for one person. Note that thinly-cut potatoes, usually sold in packets, are called potato crisps in the UK and potato chips in AAI had for lunch was a backet of cheese and onion crisps. ove bacon-lavoured crisps Key Words for Fluency - Pre-intermediate 101chocolate ‘Common expressions like chocolate be addicted to chocolate chocolate melts break off a piece / square of chocolate milk / plain chocolate a box of chocolates dark / white chocolate a bar of chocolate Common expressions Note Complete the sentences with the correct form of a word from the above expressions: |. Unfortunately, the chocolate had in my pocket. What a mess it had made! 2. | prefer milk chocolate to chocolate ~ it’s much sweeter. What about you? 3. He.. - off piece of chocolate, and gave it to the child to try to get it to stop crying. 4. I think I'm e . to chocolate. | eat at least ‘two. a day! > Well, | + +++. Chocolate, but | can take it or leave it. 5. My sister gave us some chocolates on our wedding anniversary, and we ate the whole -- between us in a night. Note these expressions with ‘sweets’ Don’t eat a lot of sweets ~ theyre bod for your teeth. ‘As a child I spent most of my pocket money on sweets “We ate the whole box in one evening!” sugar Verb + sugar Common expressions contain sugar { teaspoon / spoonful of sugar have / take sugar in (tea) a sachet of sugar put sugar on something a sugar cube sprinkle sugar on / over (the fruit) a (high / low) sugar content your intake of sugar take (a sweetener) in place of sugar 1. Verb + sugar 102 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Do you..........-Sugar in your tea? 2. It’s pure fruit juice. It...........no added sugar so it’s OK for diabetics 3. When you take the cakes out of the oven, ............a little granulated sugar over them. 4, Jason, there's no need to sugar on your cereal. I's sweet enough already! Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate2. Common expressions: Match the halves If you're serious about losing weight, Most canned soft drinks have a is a. in place of sugar. 2 b. No wonder she has such bad teeth. 3. I tore open the sachet of sugar and it c. high sugar content. 4, She puts five spoonfuls of sugar in her tea! d. spilled all over the table, 5. There's some sugar cubes e. in the bowl on the table. 6. Try adding fruit to your breakfast cereal f. reduce your intake of sugar 1 We ne es | like two sugars in my coffee. (two spoonfuls) 4. You sometimes read on labels that something is sugar-free or has no added sugar. Is this juice sugar-free? salt Verb + salt ‘Common expressions pass the salt a pinch of salt cut down on salt a (level) teaspoon of salt add salt to (the soup) high / low in salt sprinkle salt on / over (your chips) your salt intake salt and pepper 1. Verb + salt Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Norma, could you . «the salt, please? E: 2. I think if we some salt to the soup, it will taste better: 3. L usually ...........a little salt on my food to give it flavour, especially boiled vegetables. 4, I have high blood pressure and the doctor has advised me to ...........down on the amount of salt I'm eating. 2. Common expressions Match the halves: Don’t add too much salt. You should avoid foods like crisps 1 with salt and pepper. 2 3. A level teaspoon of salt 4, 5 our salt intake. which are high in salt should be enough. Just a pinch will do. Most of us should reduce . Season the soup Notes I, Note these expressions: Salt helps to bring out the flavour in food. ‘Alot of tinned food is high in sal. Hey! Go easy on the salt.Too much salt is bad for your health, 2. The sea is made up of salt water. Lakes are made up of ffesh water 1 don't ike swimming in the seo. hate getting salt water in my eyes. Key Words for Flueney — Pre-intormediate 103Test 12 bread sandwich cake biscuit pasta rice potatoes chips chocolate sugar salt |. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: grow, boll, peel, make, slice, fresh, brown add, cut down on, pass, pinch of plain, chocolate, packet bake, cut, birthday, recipe melt, dark, milk, bar grow, boiled, fried, grain of have, make, order, ham, cheese contain, sprinkle, cube, sachet boil, cook, drain, eat greasy, bag, portion 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: |. Could you cover / spread some butter on the toast, please? 2. Let's do ! make some sandwiches for lunch. 3. Honestly! I baked / cooked the cake myself. 4, Mike, could you peel / skin the potatoes and slice them for chips? 5. I don't like milk chocolate. 'd rather have dark / strong chocolate. 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: I. ordered a cup of coffee and a ham... 2. Hove fish and .. 3. No dessert for me, thanks. I'l just have some ............and cheese. 4. [try to eat wholemeal cscs «[ think its much better for your health. 5. I much prefer plain boiled ... «to fried . 6. failed to blow out all the candles on my birthday ...... | must be getting old! 7. Sprinkle a little +++. 0ver the potatoes before you serve them. 8. Drain the then serve it with a little olive oil 4. Noun phrases Choose the correct noun to complete these noun phrases: | bought a large unsliced You must give me the ............for your orange and chocolate cake. Would you like another ..... of cake? What a greedy thing! He ate the whole had a large of pasta for lunch today. H of bread from the supermarket. 2 3 4 5. 6. There were some --Of rice at the bottom of the kitchen cupboard. i 8. 9. H of biscuits himself. They serve huge .. of chips at Divernos. Iwas so hungry I ate a whole . of milk chocolate. Can you bring me a couple of .. of brown sugar from the counter? | forgot. 0. Lonly put a............0f salt on my food. Too much salt is bad for you. 104 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pro-intormediateSection 13 Your body body 106 muscle 106 skin 107 stomach 107 waist 108 back 108 arm 108 wrist 109 leg 109 finger 110 nail 110 toe 10 knee m1 foot m1 test 13, 12 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 105body Common expressions your body aches your body shakes exercise your body be self-conscious about your body move your body (to music) have a great / amazing body a dead body your body is run-down Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I had the flu last week and . People moved their bodies ‘Swimming is an excellent way of When | got out of the car after the accident, 1 | think my legs are too thin, 2 3 5 5. She has an amazing body 6 7. 8 exercising your body. my whole body was shaking in time to the music. when your body is run-down. ‘at my grandmother's funeral for a woman of 60. |. my body was aching all over. Youre more likely to get sick . The first time | ever saw a dead body was I'm very self-conscious about my body. “Tthink Pve got o great body!” muscle Common expressions build up / develop your muscles relax / tense your muscles massage (tense) muscles pull a muscle (@ bath) soothes tired muscles muscles feel stiff Common expressions Note 106 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Try not to the muscles in your stomach so much. Breathe out slowly and try to relax them, 2. | use weights in the gym to up my muscles. 3. Our best player won't be able to play on Saturday because he's ............a muscle. 4, After a hard day at work, | get my wife to ............the tense muscles in my back. 5. My leg muscles usually stiff for days after I've run a marathon. 6. After the football match, I had a long, hot bath to my tired and aching leg muscles. Note this expression: How can the guards at the palace gates stand for hours without moving a muscle? Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateCommon expressions have fair / dark skin your skin is itchy hard / soft skin scrape the skin off (your knees) your skin peels ‘Common expressions Match the halves: If you have very fair skin, My skin is so itchy, | crashed my motorbike I keep my skin soft | find his dark skin and black eyes 6. I got badly sunburnt on holiday and Note scar’ is a mark left on the skin when a cut heals: He had a big scar across his cheek. The cut is quite deep, and it will probably leave a scar. now the skin is beginning to peel off my arms. and scraped all the skin off my knees. | can't stop scratching myself. very attractive. by using lots of hand cream. you shouldn't sit in the hot sun for very long. Gee spange stomach Verb + stomach Common expressions hold your stomach a full stomach lie on your stomach ‘an upset stomach something upsets your stomach ‘a strong stomach your stomach rumbles pick up a stomach bug hit someone in the stomach 1. Verb + stomach Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My stomach was ........... during the lesson. should have had some breakfast before going to school. It was very embarrassing. 2. I don’t eat hot spices like chillies. They . --my stomach, and give me wind! 3. Geraldine was 4. My dad was just a touch of in on her stomach, watching television, when | got home. his stomach because it was very painful. But it was nothing serious — stion. 2. Common expressions Match the halves: . You should never swim on a full stomach. | missed college yesterday because of }. The doctor told me not to take these pills on The film is full of blood and guts! You'll need . | picked up a nasty stomach bug . I don’t know why he hit me in the stomach. an empty stomach. | have to eat first. an upset stomach. | while I was on holiday. . a strong stomach to watch it. ‘You might get cramp. on awne Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate Wiswaist and back Expressions with waist Expressions with back strip to the waist hurt your back put your arms round (his) waist lie on your back wrap (a towel) round your waist pat someone on the back (your hair) reaches to your waist a sore / bad back I. Expressions with waist ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. While we were dancing, he his arms round my waist and kissed me on the cheek. 2. I got out of the bath and ...........a towel round my waist to see who was at the door. 3. Our teacher's got incredibly long hair. It... down to her waist! 4. At boarding school we had to ...........t0 the waist and wash ourselves in cold bathrooms. 2. Expressions with back Match the halves: I. I love getting my back rubbed. a. lifting some furniture, 2. My back is sore after all that b. with a bad back. 3. We lay on our backs in the sun c. heavy work in the garden! 4. hurt my back while | was d. Its so relaxing. 5. He's been off work for over a month now —_e. gazing up at the sky. arm Verb + arm Adjective + arm Common expressions fold your arms a broken arm put his arms round her break an arm a stiff arm hold (a baby) in your arms your arm aches long / short arms carry (a file) under your arm stick a needle into (your) arm |. Verb and adjective collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above adjectives or verbs: My right arm is so . Mark is perfect as goalkeeper. He's tall, with really big hands and ...........arms. after playing tennis yesterday. I can hardly bend it at all today! My grandmother fell awkwardly as she got off the bus, and ...........her arm in two places. 1 2 I 4, My arms are «after carrying these heavy shopping bags from the supermarket. 5. How can he write with a...........arm? 6. The prisoner sat down, his arms across his chest and refused to speak. 2. Common expressions Complete these sentences with the correct preposition: 1. Mr Morris came into the room, carrying a newspaper . is arm. 2. When | met Angela at the airport, she put her arms ...........me and gave me a big hug. 3 Your mother was holding a large cat ...........her arms when she opened the door. 4. I tried not to cry, but it really hurt when the nurse stuck the needle . -+my arm. Note If you welcome someone with open arms, you are very pleased to see them, 108 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediatewrist Verb + wrist break your wrist sprain your wrist ‘cut your wrists hold your wrist “rm not cutting my wrists! Pm filing my nails!” Verb + wrist Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Liz wasn't trying to kill herself. | think her wrists was a cry for help. ale my wrist in my exercise class last week. At first | thought I'd broken it! 3. The nurse my wrist in order to check my pulse. 4, My father fell and... leg «his wrist. It was in plaster for ages. Ics still not right! Verb + leg Common expressions break your leg fat | thin legs shave your legs tired legs rub your leg stiff legs lose your leg (in a war / an accident) balance on one leg (doctors) amputate your leg stretch your legs out | | 1. Verb + leg Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Lt my leg skiing, but | can walk quite well with crutches. 2. My best friend has an artifical leg. He «his left leg in a car accident 5 years ago. 3. It’s common for women to .... their legs regularly, Some footballers are now doing it! 4, Why are you -your leg? > | bumped into the corner of the table. It’s really sore! 5. Doctors had to the farmer's legs below the knee after he stood on a landmine. 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I. I don't think | look good in short skirts. 2. At the end of the long flight from Tokyo 3. There wasn't enough room in the car for me to 4, You must be exhausted. Here, sit down and 5. Can you shut your eyes and rest your weary legs. balance on one leg? My legs are too fat. stretch my legs out. my legs were very stiff. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 109finger Common expressions cut your finger snap your fingers tap your fingers (on the table) point your finger at someone have / wear a ring on your finger lick (the chocolate) off your fingers hold (a match) between your finger and thumb Common expressions ‘Match the halves: | accidentally cut my finger while I a. then licked the cream off my fingers. 2. In the UK, its not the custom to snap your fingers _b. to point your finger at someone. 3. Tommy! Stop tapping your fingers on the desk. c. Ihave a ring on every finger! 4, In the UK, it's rude d. between his finger and thumb. 5. [finished the cake, . I was chopping some onions. 6. James was holding a 50p coin to attract a waiter’s attention. 7. love jewellery. It’s driving me up the wall! Note To ‘keep your fingars crossed! is to hope for good lucke Wel just have to keep our fingers crossed that it doesn't ran Verb + nail Expressions with toe grow your nails touch your toes ccut your nails stand on your toes paint your nails step on someone's toes break a nail be covered in (mud) from head to toe bite your nails 1. Verb + nail Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Damn! [ve ...........0ne of my nails again. 2. L use a pair of nail clippers to ...........my nails. | never use scissors. 3. Anastasia’s not ready yet. She's still ........... her nails! 4, How do you expect your nails to .....+.....if YOU .....+.+.-.them all the time! 2. Expressions with toe Notes 110 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Thad to ..........-0n my toes to see out of the church window. 2. Can you bend over and ...........your toes? | can’t. 3. Sorry! I didn’t mean to... ‘on your toes. 4. After the rugby match, most of the boys were ...........In mud from head to toe. 1. Note this expression: You've sill got some dirt under your nails. Get back upstairs and wash your hands properly. 2. Ifyou fle your nails, you use a nail file or emery board to make them smooth after you have cut them. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateknee ‘Common expressions | | bend your knees hurt your knee | scrape / graze your knees get down on your hands and knees | have / need an operation on your knee (the water) came right up to your knees Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: ut an operation on it. my knee quite badly while playing football. The doctors think | may ....-.-.++ 2. Always remember to ... your knees when lifting heavy objects or you'll hurt your back. 3. We had to wade across the stream and the water ..... right up to our knees! 4. L...........down on my hands and knees and looked under the bed for my other sock. 5. Jamie tripped over a stone which was lying on the pavement and . his knees, His mother had to put a couple of plasters on them when he got home. foot | Verb + foot Adjective + foot ‘Common expressions wash your feet your bare feet my feet are killing me wipe your feet smelly feet be unsteady on your feet. life your feet dirty feet be on your feet all day stand on someone's foot your feet are freezing go / travel on foot 1. Verb + foot Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Make sure you your feet before you enter the swimming pool. 2. Ali! Don't shuffle along like that! your feet properly when youre walking, 3. Ouch! Youre ‘on my foot! Why don't you watch where you're going! 4. Please .. -your feet on the mat before you come into the house. 2. Adjective + foot Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above adjectives: 1. Elena! Don't walk around in your - feet. Put some shoes on! 2. After walking through the snow in my trainers, my feet were absolutely 4. Whatever you do, dont let Costas take his shoes off Hes got relly .......- 5. Katerina. Get your feet off the sofa — they're . 3. Common expressions: Match the halves: 1. My feet are killing me! 3. I've been on my feet all day and feet! . I just want to sit down and rest. 'm still unsteady on my feet. 2. I've been in bed with the flu all week and. on foot instead of taking the bus. 4 4, You could save money by going to work I've been shopping all day. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateTest 13 body muscle skin stomach waist back arm wrist leg finger nail toe knee foot Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs and adjectives: 1 fair, dark, itchy, soft 2 break, bite, grow, paint 3. tie on, rumble, full, upset 4, break, fold, stiff, ong 5 bend, hurt, graze, scrape 6. ceeeeeeeees Clit, point, snap, tap 7. 8 9. hurt, lie on, bad, sore : wash, wipe, bare, smelly massage, pull, tense, stiff strip to, put (a towel) round ae, +. ache, exercise, dead, run-down 12 break, stretch, thin, tired 13 4 stand on, step on, touch V4. esecseeees break, cut, hold, sprain 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: 1. When I had the flu my body was hurting / aching all over. 2. hurt / pulled a muscle in my leg while | was playing tennis and had to stop. 3. She ate something that hurt / upset her stomach. 4. I hurt f upset my back lifting some heavy boxes. 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: 1. He broke his left ........... playing football. He's now on crutches. 2. ell off my bike and scraped all the off my knees and elbows. 3. I don't know how he can walk across the hot sand in his bare «2.2.2... 4. He sat down and folded his .. across his chest. 5. I missed breakfast and my was rumbling all through the meeting. 6. Can you touch your .. 21 can only do it if | bend my 7. He snapped his ...........to attract the waiter’s attention, 8 He's been off work for months with a bad . er After work, | got my wife to massage the tense in my neck. 10. Believe it or not, his hair reaches down to his 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: 1. Don't point your finger at / to me! 2. He was carrying a newspaper in / under his arm. 3. The teacher patted me in / on the back and said “Well done!” 4, | wrapped a towel round / on my waist. 5. I don’t know why he hit me in / on the stomach. 6. He apologised for stepping on / over my toes. 112 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 14. Head and shoulders hair beard moustache face mouth tooth tongue lip kiss smile throat ear nose neck shoulders test 14. 114 14 14 ns 116 116 117 17 117 17 17 118 118 19 19 120 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 113hair Verb + hair Adjective + hair brush / comb your hair long / short hair wash your hair wet / dry hair ‘cut your hair fair / grey | dark hair get your hair cut straight / curly hair lose your hair dye your hair I. Verb + hair Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: |. How often do you ...........-your hair? | usually do mine when I have a shower. 2. Your hair’s a mess! Make sure you ............it before you go into the meeting! 3. Does your sister her hair, or is that her natural colour? 4. Where do you get your hair ....... > I don't! My wife ............it to save money. 5. Serge started ............his hair in his twenties. He’s now completely bald 2. Adjective + hair Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: ? - Ive got straight hair, but my brother's hair is naturally ............ My dad’ in his forties now, and he's starting to get a few hairs. | usually wear a cap in the shower to keep my hair.......... . Gunnar is a typical Swede with hair and blue eye Don't go out with ...........-hait: You can borrow my hairdryer. . Vera looks better with ............hair: You could hardly see her face when her hair was so long! ee eene Notes |. Hair which is very fair can be described as blond / blonde. ‘My girfriend’s got long blonde hair and blue eyes. 2. Note that men get their hair cut. Women have their hair done. Have you seen Derek? He's just had his hair cut. Its really short. Ie doesn't sut him. Liz is having her hair done this afternoon. She's getting married tomorrow. beard and moustache Verb + beard / moustache have a beard / moustache grow a beard / moustache shave off your beard | moustache trim your beard / moustache Verb + beard / moustache Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Ihardly recognised you with a beard! How long have you --s- one? 2. We weren't allowed to beards at high school. 3. L usually ............my beard about once a week to keep it tidy 4. My girlfriend wants me to .. off my moustache. She thinks it makes me look old. 14 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateface Verb + face Common expressions wash your face put a name to a face never forget a face have a smile on your face splash your face with water go red in the face wipe your face (with a towel) tell (him) straight to (his) face Adjective + face your face is covered in / with (mud) SA eee (sweat) is running down your face an honest face a long face a straight face “Why the fong face?” “She had a smile on her face” “I can't put a name to her face.” “I never forget a face! |. Verb + face Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Our headteacher is good at remembering former pupils. She never a face. 2. The sweat was running down my face during the match. | had to keep ey 3. Lalways..... my face and shave first thing in the morning. 4, | was feeling sleepy, so | my face with cold water to waken myself up. 2. Adjective + face Match the halves: |. His face is familiar, a. Has someone upset you? 2. He has an honest face, b. I can't keep a straight face! 3. Why the long face? ¢. so | think we can trust him. 4. | can never play jokes on people because d. but I can't remember where I've met him. 3. Common expressions Note Complete the expressions with the correct preposition: I told him straight . his face that | thought he was wrong. th 2. He had a big smile ...........-his face when he came out of the manager's office. 3. The driver's face was covered «++, blood. 4, I'm sure | know him, but | can’t put a name ............the face! 5. Lwas so embarrassed when the girl | liked talked to me. | ust went red ............the face. 6. Eva was clearly upset when she came into the room. Tears were running . her face Note how we use the expression'a look on (your) face’ co describe feeling and emotion: PM never forget the look of disappointment on her face when she heard she had failed her exam. You should have seen the look on his face when | told him Id won the lottery! 1 could tell by the look on his face that he wasn't happy. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 15mouth Verb + mouth Common expressions | open / close your mouth a (funny, horrible) taste in your mouth burn your mouth put something in your mouth ipe your mouth (with a tissue) ‘talk with your mouth full (the food) makes your mouth water I. Verb + mouth Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Lwish held ............his mouth when he's eating! It’s not a pretty sight! 2. The dentist asked me to . +++smy mouth wide. 3. At the end of the meal | my mouth with the napkin, 4, The tea......+++...my mouth. | should have waited until it had cooled down a little! 2. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: 1. Don’t talk 2. The medicine left a horrible taste 3. He put a strawberry into his mouth and 4, The wonderful smell of baking in my mouth. . swallowed it whole. made my mouth water. |. with your mouth full! ange |. Ifyou are very nervous, your mouth goes dry. In the middle of my speech, my mouth went dry. It was good I had a glass of water! 2. The mouth of a river is where ie enters the sea. tooth Verb + tooth / teeth Adjective + tooth / teeth brush your teeth healthy teeth | lose your teeth bad teeth have a tooth taken out false teeth break a tooth a missing tooth 1. Verb + tooth / teeth Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: | [fell off my bike last week and ............ three of my teeth. 2. You should get into the habit of your teeth after meals, 3. Ive still got all my front teeth, but I've most of my back ones. 4, I'm going to the dentist this afternoon to have two teeth ............0Ut. 2. Adjective + tooth / teeth 116 ‘Match the halves: |. Both my parents have false teeth. a. Some of them are actually black! 2. Healthy gums b, got broken when he was playing football 3. My son's front teeth ¢. Thope I never need to have any! 4. Lwish she'd do something about her bad teeth. d. are as important as healthy teeth. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatetongue, lips, kiss, smile tongue lips kiss smile bite your tongue lick your lips give (him) a kiss a friendly smile burn your tongue —ilift.. to your lips. your first kiss a lovely smile stick your tongue out dry lips a big kiss have a smile on (his) (at someone) a goodnight kiss face |. Verb collocations Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Lt my tongue on the soup. It was far too hot. 2. His interview must have gone well. When he came out, he ............a big smile on his face. aa my lips at the thought of all the lovely food we would have at the party. 4. Allittle boy his tongue out at me on the bus today. What a cheek! 5. 6 She +. the glass to her lips and slowly sipped her wine. . L accidentally my tongue while I was eating! It's still quite sore. 2. Adjective collocations Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: ‘When | arrived at the airport, my wife ran up to me and gave me a kiss. The hotel receptionist greeted me with a. «smile. My mother always gave us a kiss before she turned out the lights. My lips are really ..... and sore. Ill need to put some cream on them. Linda is a very warm person, and she has such a smile. | don't think anybody ever forgets their ............kiss. Do you remember yours? ee “TM just put on some lipstick” “I gota fish bone stuck in my throat” “Hel never forget his first kiss!” throat Common expressions your throat hurts (food) sticks in your throat a sore throat grab (him) by the throat cut (your) throat oMawee ‘Common expressions ‘Match the halves: 1. 1 got a fish bone stuck 2. Ifyour throat hurts, 3. All the dead sheep 4, Because of my sore throat, 5. Someone grabbed me by the throat and tried to strangle me. in my throat and had to go to hospital. | found it difficult to swallow food. had had their throats cut. try sucking one of these throat sweets. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 47‘Common expressions put your hands over your ears ‘whisper in (her) ear have a sore ear get your ears pierced your ears stick out ‘Common expressions Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Tom a sore ear again. Ill need to get some ear drops from the chemists. 2. She doesn't like her ears because they . out. She keeps her hair long to hide them. 3. If you want to start wearing earrings, you'll need to get your ears first. 4, Henry leaned over to Fiona at the meeting and something in her ear. 5. Vesseeeeeseesty hands over my ears, so that | couldn't hear the baby crying. Note _ Note these expressions: The music at the concert was very loud. My ears ae sil ringing! (ull ofa ringing noise) I'm a fle deaf in one ear: “Her ears stick out.” “He's picking his nose again!” “He's blowing his nose.” “I put my hands over my ears.” Verb + nose blow your nose wipe your nose hold your nose pick your nose break your nose your nose runs your nose bleeds your nose is blocked Verb + nose Complete these expressions with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The smell was so bad that | had to ............my nose and leave the room. 2. Alice took out her handkerchief and . her nose loudly. 3. Frank his nose while he was talking to me. What a disgusting habit! 4, How can I stop my nose .. 2 > Put your head back and hold it between two fingers. That's what | always do. 5, My nose is often . --and | have to breathe through my mouth. 6. I've got a cold and my nose is .... Has anyone got a tissue so that | can wipe it? 7. One of our sons . - «his nose playing rugby. It happened to me when I was at school. 8. Have you got a tissue? The baby’s nose needs 118 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermeatateneck ‘Common expressions break your neck ‘wear (a necklace) round your neck have a stiff neck ‘pain in the neck ‘Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: |. Chris fell from his horse and broke his neck. a. a silver chain round her neck. 2. Steve can be a real pain in the neck. b. It must have been the way | was lying. 3. | woke up with a stiff neck this morning c. He's now paralysed from the neck down, 4, Mary was wearing d. He never does what he says he will. I Note that in number 2 a pain in the neck is someone who is very annoying or irritating. I wish she wouldn't tel lies. She can be a real pain in the neck 2. An annoying situation can also be o pain in the neck. I wish they would turn that music down. 'm trying to work. It’s just a pain in the neck! shoulder Verb + shoulder Common expressions have (broad) shoulders put your arm round someone's shoulders shrug your shoulders carry your bag over your shoulder massage your shoulders (your bag) slips off your shoulder dislocate your shoulder ‘tap someone on the shoulder look over your shoulder lift someone onto your shoulders lean your head on someone's shoulders 1. Verb + shoulder Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. 1 ....s.2.2.+my shoulder while | was playing rugby and had to be taken to hospital 2. You'll recognise Joe easily. He's realy tall and - very broad shoulders. 3, My neck and shoulders are really tense. Will you them for me? 4. I kept ‘over my shoulder to see if anyone was following me. 5, We complained about our hotel room, but the manager just . his shoulders! 2. Common expressions Note Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: When she started to cry,! put my arm her shoulders, IF you tighten the straps of your backpack, it won't slip ...........your shoulders. 1 2 3. She leaned her head .. my shoulder and fell asleep within minutes. 4 5. He carried his schoolbag ........... his shoulder. | tapped the girl +. the shoulder and asked her if she was in the queue. 6. I lifted my little brother my shoulders so that he could get a better view. ‘A bag which a woman carries over one shoulder is called « shoulder bog. She was carrying a beautiful geen leather shoulder bog. think it was Gucci. It must have cost a fortune. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 19Test 14 hair face mouth tooth tongue lip beard / moustache | kiss smile throat ear nose neck shoulder | |, Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: wash, forget, familiar, honest blow, hold, run, wipe brush, wash, lose, curly cut, grab by, sore brush, bad, false, healthy open, close, burn, wipe have, grow, shave off, trim lick, dry cover, stick out, sore, big have, big, friendly, lovely dislocate, look over, shrug break, stiff, pain in bite, burn, stick out ive, first, big, goodnight 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: You won't believe it, but Ann's coloured / dyed her hair orange! My brother had two teeth taken out / away at the dentist's yesterday. used a napkin to clean / wipe my mouth at the end of the meal. J woke up this morning with an aching a sore throat. Have you got a tissue? | need to clean / blow my nose. He just raised / shrugged his shoulders and said he didn’t know where the money was. oan 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: I splashed my .... with water in order to wake myself up. hope | never have to get false I've gota really stiff............this morning. I'm finding it difficult to turn my head. I'm going to shave off my ............ «My wife says she wants to see my face again! | got a fish bone stuck in my and had to go to hospital My were so dry that | had to put some cream on them, You'll recognise her quite easily. She's got long, curly .. | accidentally bit my - while I was eating an apple. It's really sore now. SNe 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: 1. The medicine left a horrible taste in / on my mouth. 2. He wears a gold chain on / round his neck. 3. He had a big smile on / over his face 4. She was carrying a large bag on / over her shoulder when she arrived. 5. There's no need to shout in / to my ear. | can hear you quite clearly 120 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 15 Clothes trousers shirt tie sweater dress coat hat uniform scarf gloves sock shoe test 15 122 122 123 123 124 124. 125 125 126 126 126 127 128 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 121trousers Verb + trousers ‘wear trousers pull on your trousers iron your trousers take a size (4) in trousers try on trousers 1. Verb + trousers Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Have you got an iron | could borrow? | need to ... ee on these trousers and see if they fit you. ---.-a size 10 in trousers when | was 18, but I'm afraid I'm now a size 18! on my trousers, and got up to answer the door. blue trousers and a striped shirt when I first met you. 5. I remember that you were 2. Common expressions: ‘Match the halves: |. Ineed a new 2. You'll find some loose change 3. Zak's trousers are too short. 4, These trousers are too tight for me now. 5. We had to wear short trousers 6. The wind was blowing Common expressions wear a shirt a shore-sleeved / long-sleeved shirt a cotton shirt your shirt collar Common expressions Notes 122 ‘Match the halves: |. He was wearing jeans 2. Do you know your collar’s dirty? 3. | prefer cotton shirts, 4. Although I work in an office, 5, Hind short-sleeved shirts much more 6. I rolled up my shirt sleeves spange ‘Common expressions 2 pair of trousers long / short trousers tight / loose trousers your trouser pocket your trouser leg these trousers. a. to primary school. b. up my trouser legs. c. ll have to get a bigger size. 4. They don’t even reach his shoes. . pair of trousers for work. f. in my back trouser pocket. a plain / striped / checked shirt a clean / dirty shirt a Tshirt your shirt sleeves but you do have to iron them! comfortable in the summer. and a Tshirt with ‘Feed the World! on it. and started washing the dishes. | think its time you put on a clean shirt. I don't need to wear a shirt and tie. |. An open-necked shirt means you do not have the top button done up. Yu button up your shire and unbutton ic Note this expression: One of my shirt butons is missing. Key Words for Fluency Pre-intermediatetie ‘Common expres: wear a tie put on a tie loosen your tie tie your tie a plain tie a black tie your old schoo! tie Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of words from the above expressions: 1. Iwas very hot, so |...........my tie and undid the top button of my shirt. 2. You can't eat in the hotel dining room unless youre ..... atie 3. Do you have a. ..tie | could borrow? | have to go to a funeral tomorrow. 4, My old ssse+etie had orange and red stripes on it. What was yours like? 5. | can’t ...........a tie on properly by myself! | have to get my mother to help me. 6. Can you ‘a tie? | never seem to be able to do it properly! 7. I prefer ........... ties to patterned ones. sweater Verb + sweater ‘Common expressions ‘wear a sweater a thick sweater put on a sweater a woollen sweater knit a sweater have your sweater on inside out | wash a sweater pull your sweater over your head ‘a sweater shrinks |. Verb + sweater Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. This is a cashmere sweater and needs to be ............by hand. 21m. «your father a sweater for Christmas, but don’t tell him! 3. At the party, Laura was ............a sweater with a golf logo on it. 4, My sweater has ...........a little. Maybe I shouldn't have put it in the tumble drier! 5. Vd.............0N.a sweater. | think it’s going to get colder later. 2. Common expressions Match the halves: | hate woollen sweaters. a. | think its a couple of sizes too small! Donald! You've got your sweater on b. made of Merino wool. | can’t pull this sweater over my head. ¢. They make my arms itch! She was wearing a thick sweater d. inside out again! Notes Other words for sweater are pullaver and jumper. A sweater which fastens at the front with buttons is called a cardigen A sweater with a very high neck is called o polo neck sweater. Other kinds of sweater are: ‘© handknitted sweater a woollen / cashmere sweater a heavy / light sweater sep- kee Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 123dress Verb + dress ‘Common expressions try ona dress a long / short dress wear a dress an old / a new dress make a dress acotton dress the dress fits you look fantastic / sensational in a dress the dress fastens (at the back) (your hat) goes with | matches your dress |. Verb + dress Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. That's a very nice dress you're . Is it sik? 2. If the dress doesn't me, can | bring it back and get my money back? 3. This dress . at the back. Can you zip me up, please? 4. There weren't any changing rooms in the shop for me to ...........0n the dress. 5. My wife .... her own wedding dress. It saved us a lot of money! 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: You can't wear those green shoes! a. I haven't seen it on you yet. Beyonce looked absolutely sensational in b. which reached all the way to the ground. Sheila wore a long white dress . short cotton dresses and sandals all the time. . I'm looking for a blue handbag d. the dress she wore to the MTV awards. ‘Why don't you put on your new dress? e. They don’t go with your dress. (On holiday in India, | wore f. to match this dress. oaaepe coat Verb + coat Adjective + coat put your coat on a fur coat wear a coat. a long coat take your coat off a.winter coat hang your coat up 1. Verb + coat Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1, Let .....2.....,0ur coats on and go out for a walk. 2. When I got home from the party, | discovered | was .. «the wrong coat! 3, Jan! Don’t throw your coat on the floor. ............it up in the hall Av scesesese.yOur Coat off and make yourself at home. Pl go and make some tea. 2. Adjective + coat Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: I. It was snowing heavily outside, so I put on my «+ Coat. 2s - coats have gone out of fashion. People don't like the idea of killing animals. 3. During our chemistry lessons we have to wear ........+-..white coats. 124 Key Words for Flueney ~ Pre-intermediatehat | Verb + hat | wear a hat put on / take off a hat try on a hat | hold on to your hat (the wind ) blows your hat off | a-cocktal hat (0 fancy han) Verb + hat Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: line -on lots of different hats, but | couldn't find one that I liked 2. hate .. hats because they usually make my head too hot. 3. For my own safety, | had to ............0n a hard hat when I visited the building site. 4, During the storm, | had to ‘on to my hat in case it blew away. 5. Make sure that you . your hat off when you go into the mosque. uniform Common expressions ‘wear a uniform change into / out of your uniform | be in uniform school uniform army uniform a nurse's uniform ‘Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: a. in his army uniform, b. im her nurse's uniform. ¢. compulsory in many British schools. General Rivers wasn’t in uniform. d. if you work at Pizza Hut? f |. I change out of my schoo! uniform 2 3. 4. 5. Your sister looks completely different That's why I didn't recognise him at first. 6 I 2. 3 . I think Mark looks really smart Do you have to wear a uniform .. School uniforms are no longer into jeans and a Tshirt when I get home. A soldier can be in uniform or out of uniform. (Other kinds of uniform are naval uniform, prison uniform, @ plots uniform. ‘One of the most common adjectives used with uniform is smart. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 125scarf and gloves Expressions with scarf Expressions with gloves wear / tie a scarf round your neck ‘wear gloves a football / school scarf put on / take off gloves a long scarf rubber / leather / woollen gloves 2 pair of gloves os We (phd | | ian rubber gloves loves along wooly scarf a sik scarf @ head scarf Common expressions Match the halves: 1. Verb + sock 1. Can you help me? I'm having trouble a. in order to tie my shoe laces. 2. | put on my coat and wound b. when Ido the washing up. 3. Why don’t you throw those old gloves away —_c._ wear football scarves to school. 4, [had to take off my gloves d. putting on these gloves. 5. We're not allowed to e. along scarf around my neck. 6. L always wear rubber gloves f and buy a new pair! sock Verb + sock Common expressions wear socks a pair of socks change your socks woollen socks put on your socks ankle / knee-length socks sports socks a hole in your sock Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Give me a minute to . 2 3. sss+.emy shoes and socks on, and I'll come with you. ‘When the weather is this hot, | don't socks. What a smell! | wonder when he last his socks. 2. Common expressions: ‘Match the halves: 126 1 2: 2 4, 5. Why not give Uncle George a. ahole in your sock? I need to buy some new sport socks _b. look silly! Do you know you've got ¢. warm woollen socks for the winter. My gran always knits me da pair of socks for Christmas? | think ankle socks and trainers . before the tennis match this weekend. Key Words for Fluency - Pro-intermediateshoe | Verb + shoe ‘Common expressions | | wear shoes a pair of shoes | take off your shoes flat shoes, | try on (new) shoes leather shoes | polish your shoes new shoes running / walking shoes | the sole / heel of your shoe | a hole in your shoe ee Bs tennis shoe rogue sondal flat shoe wedge shoe high-heeled shoe evening shoe court shoe I. Verb + shoe 2. Common expres: Notes Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1, Cant. on these shoes in a size 44, please? 2. The shoes I'm ...........are far too tight for me. They're hurting my feet. 31 my school shoes until I could almost see my face in them! 4. We... off our shoes and socks, and walked barefoot along the beach. ns ‘Match the halves: - Ie just bought a new Abby was wearing brown leather shoes Te got some chewing gum We'll be doing a lot of walking, 5. L usually wear We got a hole in my running shoes, stuck to the sole of my shoe. so I'll need to get a new pair. with pointed toes to the party. flat shoes without heels to work. . so bring some walking shoes with you. pair of tennis shoes in the sales. oe eepe ppange 1. Note these expressions: What size shoe do you take? These shoes are a good fit 2. A boot is a stronger kind of shoe which normally covers your ankles: Pl need a new pair of cimbing boots if were going to the Alps. 3. Note these expressions with lace’ Be careful Your laces are undone. 1 bent down to tie my shoelace He untied his shoelaces and kicked off his shoes. Key Words for Flueney ~ Pre-intormediato 127Test 15 ; trousers shirt tie sweater dress coat. hat uniform scarf gloves |. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: 1 take off, polish, leather, pair 2 ‘wear, put on, rubber, pair a wear, knit, thick, woollen + % wear, long, football, school 5. be in, change out of, school, nurse’s 6 7. 8 8 change, knee-length, woollen, hole wear, striped, sleeve, collar wear, hold onto, take off, blow off make, try on, long, cotton 10... put on, loosen, plain (es <-. — hang up, take off, fur, long 2. pull on, long, short, pair 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: 1. prefer shirts with long arms / sleeves. 2. Your hat fits / matches your coat. You look great! 3. The dress closes / fastens at the back 4, These shoes don't fit! match me. ll need a bigger si: 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: 1. wear short-sleeved to work in the summer months. 2. Vd never wear a fur . 3. It was so hot in the room that I had to take off my jacket and loosen my 4. A strong gust of wind blew my ............off my head. 5. His feet really smell. wish he'd change his -smore often, 6 'mafraid your ..... 7 8. 9. Andrew, don't forget to polish your for school tomorrow. I'm putting on weight around the waist. I'l need to buy a new pair of ..... He was wearing a football round his neck when he left. 10. She was wearing a long, cotton ............Which fastened at the back. 1. Could you do the washing up, john? There's a pair of rubber . 12. V always change out of my school ...........-as soon as I get home. 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: | got out of bed and pulled on / in my trousers. 1d like to try on / with this dress. Where are the changing rooms? | couldn't pull the sweater on / over my head. It was too small Your new shoes go on / with your dress. They're a perfect match. ve got a hole in / on my new socks already! hae ist 128 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate sock shoe has shrunk a little. | washed it in hot water by accident. by the sink.Section 16 Personal items pocket belt button zip bag wallet card key ring glasses lenses umbrella watch test 16 130 130 130 130 131 132 132 133 133 134 134, 135, 135 136 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatepocket Common expressions search in your pocket for (your key) g0 through your pockets empty your pockets a back pocket an inside pocket a hole in my pocket Common expressions Complete the sentences with one of the above words: I. Vsssssesssin my pockets for some change for the bus, but | didn’t have enough for the fare. 2. The teacher asked the whole class to ...........-all their pockets to find out who had stolen Javier's per. 3. The key must have fallen through a «in my trouser pocket. 4, Make sure you through the pockets of your jeans before you put them into the washing machine. 5, It’s not a good idea to carry your passport in the ............pocket of your jeans! 6. l always keep my wallet in the .. pocket of my jacket. Notes 1, You can talk about your jacket pocket or your coat pocket. 2. The pocket in your trousers is your trouser pocket ~ not your trousers pocket. belt, button, zip Expressions with zip Expressions with button do up your zip wear a belt sew a button on (your shirt) your zip is undone / open _ tighten / loosen your belt. _a button came off | the zip is broken unbuckle your bele a button is missing | ‘a money belt the top or bottom button | a leather belt Verb + belt / button / zip doup /undo / fasten J unfasten Common expressions Complete these sentences with one of the above words: |. The zip at the back of your dress is slightly undone. Shall | it up for you? 1 2. I've eaten too much. | think Il need to loosen my ....... 3. Lundid the top three -+++-0f my shirt because it was so hot in the room: 4. I think its a good idea to wear a money ......2.2++ when you're travelling. 5. A button ............ ff my coat last night. Do you think you could sew it back on, please? 6, Vean't........+++.the top button of my jeans. think its time I went on a diet. 7. When I got home, | my belt, took off my trousers and went straight to bed. 8 One of my shirt .. is missing, You haven't seen it lying around, have you? Note We use the word fies’ for the zip at the front of trousers Pssst! Your fies ore undone! XYZ = Examine your zip! 130 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatebag Verb + bag ‘Common expressions | fill pack a bag a heavy / light bag | empty a bag a shopping bag | carry a bag a plastic bag lift put down a bag a handbag drop a bag ‘carry a bag over your shoulder Bags at the airport (the camera) fits into your bag check in your bags Took in your bag for (your wallet) a mix-up with your bags watch someone's bag bags go astray search your bags a a shopping bog a weekend bag a shoulder bog a handbag a plastic bag a clutch bag I. Verb + bag Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Ltried to the biggest of the bags, but I wasn't strong enough. 2. Cant those bags for you? They look heavy. 3. I'm afraid that some of the eggs broke when I...........the bag getting out of the car. 4, A young shop assistant helped me to my bags at the supermarket checkout. 5.1 the contents of my handbag on the table, but my missing earring wasn't there, 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I. It’s OK. I can carry both bags. a. into my handbag 2. I put my dirty washing into a plastic bag, b. but they're not there. 3. She's left her handbag ¢. over his shoulder. 4, My mobile and my palmtop fit easily d, They're quite light. 5. Could you watch my bags e. lying open on the table, 6. I've looked twice in my bag for the car keys, f. and went to the launderette. 7. He arrived, carrying a large bag of clothes g. while | go to the toilet? 3. Bags at the airport Complete the sentences with one of the above words: 1. Sorry we're so late. There was a. with the bags from our flight 2. I don't think we need to... this bag, It only weighs about 5 kilos. 3. One of our bags went at Paris while we changed planes for Athens. 4, They .. all my bags when | went through customs at Heathrow yesterday. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intormediate 131wallet f Common expressions p) | forget your wallet take money out of your wallet eet yen | put your wallet (somewhere) my wallet was stolen | eave your wallet behind carry (your credit cards) in your wallet Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the abave verbs: |. When I got home from the restaurant, | realised that | had my wallet behind. 2. My wallet was from my pocket while | was travelling on the metro. ales 2 picture of my wife and son in my wallet along with all my cards, 4, Mel --a £20 note out of his wallet and paid the taxi driver. Sale my wallet, but Henry lent me the money to get into the cinema. 6. I can't remember where | ‘my wallet. Has anyone seen it lying around? Note Asa rule,men carry wallets. Women catty purses. | \ fh N \ carry 0 wallet ey by cred card take money out. © a purse card Common expressions ‘exchange business cards pay by credit card ‘earry a donor card pay by debit card use a phone card show your identity card Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct kind of card: |. I prefer to pay by . card than by .. card. With cards you don't have to pay till the end of the month, but with cards, the money comes out of your account straightaway. 2. Do you know that it's much cheaper to make international calls if you use a...........card? 3. We exchanged ........... cards at the beginning of the meeting. 4. We have to show our ‘cards to the guard at the gate when we arrive in the morning. 5. Ie always carried a - card. | like to think that if | die in an accident, my heart and other organs will be useful to someone else. Note We send cards to each other on special occasions: must remember to send Carola birthday card, She's 30 next month. Thank you for the card. It was really nice of you to remember! 132 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediatekey | Verb +key | lose / find your keys | mislay your keys | put your keys (in your pocker) | hide a key (in a drawer) hand in / return your key (to reception) get a key cut I. Verb + key ‘Common expressions a spare key a bunch of keys your car / house keys the wrong key keep (the files) under lock and key turn the key in the lock Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: . Try to remember where you We forgot to ......+ I 2 3 4 5. IWe.... she arrives from the airport. When I... 1. | seem to have. 7, 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: 1. A bunch of keys fell out of her bag 2. Leave a spare house key with a neighbour 3. The cash box is kept under lock and key 4. | picked up the wrong keys at the party. 5. Lean't turn this key in the lock. Note You keep your keys on 2 keyring. ring Common expressions wear a ring value a ring (at £100) the ring belonged to (your mother) an engagement / a wedding ring Common expressions ve hunted all over the house for my keys, but | can't them anywhere. the keys! a b. & 4 e. in the keys when we checked out of the hotel! I don’t have a key to give Harry. ll need to get one..... a key under a flower pot by the door so that Jane can let herself in when my car keys, it was a disaster. It took days before | got a new set. my car keys. You haven't seen them lying around, have you? 'm not sure who they belong to. It cantt be the right one. in case you lock yourself out. when she opened it. in the secretary's office. show off your ring a ring fits you a gold / diamond ring Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: My father’s 24-carat gold ring was . My wedding ring doesn’t fpaepe Key Words for Fluency - Pre-intermediate This isn't a valuable ring, but it has great sentimental value. lt V'm married, but like many British men | don’t . She couldn't wait to meet all her friends and . ‘to my grandmother. a wedding ring. off her diamond engagement ring. at £300, but I couldn't bring myself to sell «me any longer. | now have to wear it on my litte finger. 133,glasses | Verb + glasses Common expressions ‘wear glasses sunglasses put your glasses on reading glasses have your glasses on thick glasses take your glasses off a pair of glasses (You) need glasses can't see without your glasses break your glasses I. Verb + glasses Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Vhave to my glasses on to see the television. 2, Many young people don't like ... «glasses, and much prefer contact lenses. 3. V accidentally sat on my glasses and them. | don't have a spare pair! 4. He. - off his glasses and rubbed his eyes. 5. I couldn't really see what happened because | didn't . my glasses on. 6. Im beginning to have trouble reading small print. think I............glasses. Il have to go for an eye test soon. 2. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I. I can’t see without my glasses. a. wear very thick glasses. 2. It's always a good idea to b. wear sunglasses? 3. Why do security men always . read the instructions on the jar. 4, had to put on my reading glasses to d. have two pairs of glasses. 5. My friend is short-sighted and has to e. You'll have to read the menu out to me. Notes 1. Ifitrains, your glasses can steam up, 2. Ifthe doctor or optician asks you to remove your glasses, you take them off. lenses —— ‘Common expressions contact lenses soft / hard lenses daily-wear lenses coloured lenses contact lens case contact lens solution soak your lenses wear lenses Common expressions Complete the semtences with one of the above words: |. I changed from hard lenses to ones about 20 years ago! 2. I'm thinking of trying some lenses. I've always wanted to have blue eyes! 3. | wish I could get lens in smaller bottles for when | travel 4, L used to use monthly lenses, but now I use . ones. A new pair every day cuts down the risk of infection. a 5. You really need to «+ --your lenses for at least 6 hours before ............them again 134 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateVerb + umbrella | put up / open an umbrella put down your umbrella. | hold an umbrella take an umbrella remember to bring an umbrella forget your umbrella lose your umbrella Verb + umbrella ‘Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. You can. ‘the umbrella down now. | think it's stopped raining. 2. That's the second umbrella I've ... this year! | must have left it on the train. 3. It’s starting to rain. I's a good job | remembered to ...........an umbrella, 4, You'd better an umbrella with you ~ the forecast is for rain this afternoon. 5. It was difficult to ...........the umbrella in the strong wind, 6. [left the office in a hurry and ...........my umbrella 7. It started to rain, so Hilda stopped to ...........up her umbrella watch Verb + watch Common expressions ‘wear a watch your watch is (5 minutes) fast / slow put on / take off your watch your watch gains / loses (5 minutes) | look at / glance at your watch your watch beeps | set your watch (to the correct time) ‘your watch is under guarantee | your watch stops a genuine / fake watch | 1. Verb + watch ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: ree at my watch and realised that I'd missed the last bus home. 2. My watch has . .| think it needs a new battery. 3. Tell me. How do you keep track of time if you don’t . watch? 4, What time is it? I forgot to my watch on this morning 5. Lusually .. my watch to the time on the television or radio. Its the easiest way to make sure it’s telling the right time. 2. Common expressions Notes Match the halves: Sam's watch beeps every 15 minutes a. but | know it’s @ fake he bought on holiday. My watch was 15 minutes fast b. so they should repair it free of charge. The watch is still under guarantee, . It loses about ten minutes every day. He says his watch is a genuine Rolex, d. and the noise is beginning to annoy me. My grandfather's watch isn’t very accurate. e. so I was early for the meeting. ‘A.watch which you wear on your wrist is a wrist watch, Some people have a pocket watch. Most watches today are digital A traditional watch has hands which tell the time. If you can wear your watch in the sea, it must be waterproof. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 195Test 16 pocket belt button zip bag wallet card key ring glasses lenses. umbrella watch 1. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: carry, heavy, plastic, shopping hold, put up, put down, take come off, sew on, missing, top ‘carry, forget, stolen wear, fit, diamond, wedding sesseeses Wear take off, reading, pair mislay, spare, wrong, bunch ‘empty, back, inside, hole = s+ carry, pay by, use, identity lo. wear, soak, contact, soft 3 put on, glance at, stop, fast 12, cesssss tighten, unbuckle, wear, leather 13. ....c.... do up, open, broken 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: |. Have you seen a bunch / group of keys anywhere? 2. My watch is early / slow. It loses 5 minutes a day! 3. His eyesight is very bad. That's why he has such strong / thick glasses. 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: I. ve eaten too much. I'l need to loosen my 2. Although I'm married, I don't wear a...... s 3. Can you help me carry this ses--2 It too heavy for me. 4, Make sure you empty your before putting your trousers in the washing machine. 5. I can't see without my . 6 7. 8 9 My... was five minutes slow this morning, I've mistaid my car ........-...somewhere. Have you seen them? Could you a sew a. --on my coat for me? | don’t wear glasses any more. I've changed to Z 10. You can put down your . now. Its stopped raining. 1. 1 can't do up this I think it's broken, 12, You need to show an identity ............to get into the building. 13. [carry a photograph of my wife and children in my . 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: 1. Can I pay by I with credit card? 2. There was a mix up for / with my bags at the airport and one of them had gone astray. 3. | glanced at / to my watch to see if it was time to leave. 4. We keep all the medicines in the house in / under lock and key for safety. 5. The ring belonged to / with my grandmother. 138 Key Words for Flueney - Pre-intermediateSection 17 The family parent 2138 child / children 139 wedding 140 husband 141 wife 141 funeral 141 baby 142 birth 142 birthday 143 present 143 test 17 144 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateparent Verb + parent Verb +prep+ parents Adjective + parent parents worry live with (your) parents an elderly parent parents separate / split up _fall out with (your) parents _a single parent parents get divorced look after (your) parents strict parents please your parents ‘communicate with (your). foster parents meet (her) parents ‘working parents parents bring you up “t met Ben's paren forthe fist time atthe weekend They seemed very nice” 1. Verb + parent Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My parents separated when I was two, then got... when I was four. | was brought up by my mother. | only saw my dad at the weekends. 20s my boyfriend's parents for the first time last week. They seem very nice. 3. It's nearly midnight. 'd better phone home, or my parents will start to... 4. Vhate this dress, but | only wear it to ...........my parents. 5. My parents... me up to believe that the only way to be successful in life is to work hard. 2. Verb + with + parent ‘Match the halves: but now | have to look after them! we could afford a flat of our own. ‘They just don’t understand me! We haven't spoken to each other for a week. I. Lcan't communicate with my parents. 2. My parents brought me up, 3. I've fallen out with my girlfriend again 4. My wife and I lived with my parents until 3. Adjective + parent Note 138 Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Both my parents were very ........... .I wasn't allowed out after 7 o'clock until | was 16! 2. Ihave to take care of my ...........parents. Theyre both in their eighties, and they need daily help with their housework and shopping. 3. Beinga.. - arent isn’ easy. Bringing up a family on your own is hard work, 4. The meeting will be held in the school hall tomorrow evening to allow . «parents to attend 5. My real parents died in a car crash when I was a baby. | was brought up by ...........parents. Note these expressions: 'm completely dependent on my parents for money. have a good relationship with my parents. Itis the parents responsibilty to make sure that their children attend school Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatochild / children Verb + child Adjective + cf Common expressions have a child / children a small / young child ideal for children bring up / raise children grown-up children (un)suitable for children look after children ‘well-behaved children happy as a child teach children something _—_a gifted c_ treat someone like a child neglect children an only child adopt children a spoilt child children play together the average child children tease each other 1. Verb + child / children Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. My mother after the children every Monday. That's the day my wife is at the office. . | believe in right and wrong, and | intend to ...........up my children to know the difference. . The children are out...........in the garden with their friends. | was very fat when I was a child and the other children me about it. They called me names like ‘Porky’. Children can be very cruel. 5. The children were taken into care by social services because their parents had started to awn them, 6. | think it is important that children are ........... how to share with others. 7. Both our children are ++ Sadly, we couldn't .........--any children of our own. 2. Adjective + child / children Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: I'm an child. often wish | had a brother or a sister. The house is quiet these days. All of our children are ...........and married now. . He has a wife and three children to support. The eldest is only 5. Nowadays, the . child spends about 20 hours a week watching television. . My brother is very clever. He goes to a special school for ........... children. . Callum! Stop behaving like a child. You can't have everything you want! . The teacher gave the children a chocolate for being so . «at the school concert. Nowawenn 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: 1. Lwas very happy 2. The hotel has a leisure centre 3. The film contains a lot of violence 4, Would you stop treating me like a child! a. and is ideal for children b. I'm 16 and I can make up my own mind! c. asa child. d I and is unsuitable for young children. Note the expression: Shaun won't understand — he's just «chia! 2. Your step-children are the children of your partner's previous marriage. Putting the children to bed! Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 139wedding Verb + wedding Common expressions Wedding + noun go to a wedding bea guest at a wedding your wedding anniversary invite (them) to the wedding make a speech at a wedding the wedding cake have a big / quiet wedding make a video of the wedding the wedding dress hold a wedding in a (church) congratulations on your... a wedding invitation call off the wedding the wedding reception pay for the wedding a wedding ring I. Verb + wedding Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Jason and Elsa have ...........us to their wedding next month. 2. My parents offered to help with our wedding, but Maria's parents are very traditional and wanted to ...........for the wedding themselves. 3. I'm afraid we can't meet you this Saturday. We're -.to.a friend’s wedding. 4, We've decided to ‘a quiet wedding, so we're only inviting the immediate families. 5. The wedding will be - «at St Patrick’s Church on the 2st of May. 6. Francesca got cold feet and . the wedding off at the last minute. Since then she’s apologised to all the guests and returned their presents. 2. Common expressions: Complete the sentences with one word from the above expressions: 1. As best man, | had to make a at my brother's wedding 2. see+.-.0n your wedding anniversary. How many years is it now? 3. There were about 300 at our wedding 4, We've hired a photographer, but were also making a. of the wedding 3. Wedding + noun Note 140 Match the halves: Hurry! The bride and groom are going to cut . I'm married, but | don't wear Have you sent out We went out to a restaurant to celebrate We hired a local rock group to provide The dishwasher was You should have seen the wedding dress! the music at our wedding reception. a wedding present from my Uncle John. ft must have cost thousands! the wedding invitations yet? the wedding cake. a. wedding ring. & our first wedding anniversary. “Tl olways wear my wedding ring. ‘And Pl always wear mine!” ‘A honeymoon is a short holiday that you go on immediately after the wedding: We went to Rome for our honeymoon. We stayed in a fvesterhetel on our honeymoen. All the guests wished the couple well as they lft for their honeymoon. Barbados is a popular destination for honeymoon couples. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatehusband, wife Verb + husband / wife Adjective + husband / wife look for a husband / wife your present husband / wife meet your husband / wife your ex- / former husband / wife live with your husband / wife your late husband / wife leave your husband / wife a loving husband / wife lose your husband / wife I. Verb + husband / wife Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. My brother ...........with his wife and two kids in Geneva. 2. L.........+.my wife last year. I've been very lonely since she died. 3. Have you heard that Margaret Duncan has ...........her husband? She walked out on him after she found out he was having an affair. 4. Lssscseesesemy wife at school when I was only 13,We got married when | was 18. 5. All my old school friends are married now, but I'm still for a wife! 2. Adjective + husband / wife Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. She's been married four times now. Her ........-+.husband is 20 years younger than her! 2. Lawrence was a family man and a husband. We will all miss him. 3, My...........wife is now a millionaire. Sometimes | wish | hadn't divorced her! 4, These photographs bring back fond memories of my ...........husband, Jack. They were taken on holiday the year before he died. Notes 1. You can talk about your frst wie / her second husband. _My frst husband died of heart attack wien he was 35. 2. Your late husband means that he is dead funeral | ‘Common expressions go to / attend a funeral ‘the funeral service is held (in a church) ‘wear biack at a funeral the funeral was a cremation arrange a funeral Common expressions Complete these sentences with one of the above words 1. The funeral was last Friday morning. The actual funeral .. was wonderful 2. In many countries, itis the custom to ~- «black at funerals. 3. As the eldest son, | had to -my mother’s funeral. 4 Hundreds of mourners the funeral of the two little boys who drowned in the river last week. 5. My uncle's funeral was a........... . Everyone was surprised. The rest of his brothers and sisters were all buried Note The people who attend a funeral are the moumers. A funeral is organised by a firm of undertakers. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 141baby Verb + baby ‘Common expressions be expecting a baby a baby is born have a baby a baby sleeps look after a baby a baby cries feed a baby a baby plays with (toys) hold a baby the baby weighs (3) kilos wake a baby their baby is due (in August) call the baby (John, Julia) 1. Verb + baby Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Did you hear that Janet «a baby girl early this morning? 2. Wee ...........0ur first baby in August. 3. After the birth, Moira went back to work and her husband stayed at home to after the baby. 4, When | -+-my tiny baby in my arms for the first time, | was so happy. 5. I went into the room very quietly, so as not to the baby. 6 7. Were thinking of ...........the baby Unda after her grandmother. Ihave to the baby every three or four hours. No wonder I'm so tired! 2. Common expressions Complete these sentences with one of the above words: | didn’t get any sleep last night. The baby wouldn't stop .........+. « The baby only ...........about 2 kilos at birth. He was born a month premature. . The baby was lying in her pram,...........with a rattle, |. When's the baby ...........? Theard it was January. . | don’t really want to know the sex of my baby before its .. . Try not to make too much noise.The baby's .... birth Common expressions oeawne give birth be present at the birth your birth certificate the date / place / time of birth congratulations on the birth of your (son,etc) _birth control Common expressions ‘Match the halves: 1. Birth control is a very difficult issue, 2. My teacher has just given birth 3. My great-grandmother doesn't know her exact 4, Congratulations 5. It’s now quite common for fathers to be present 6. I've lost my birth certificate. Do you know how I can get a new one? . on the birth of your daughter! especially in poor countries. to twins, a boy and a girl. . date of birth. She thinks it’s 1912. at the birth of their children. 142, Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatebirthday | Common expressions Birthday + noun | celebrate your birthday a birthday cake | remember / forget a birthday a birthday card | get a (bike) for your birthday a birthday party | wish someone a happy birthday a birthday present | have a party for someone's birthday 1. Common expressions Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: L. Were a party for Faisal’s 50th birthday. Would you like to come? 2.1m -my husband a digital camera for his birthday! 3. Let's go out for a meal to . your birthday. 4, I'm sorry |. your birthday. I just slipped my mind. Here's a card and a present. 5. Your grandmother can’t come to your party, but she you a happy birthday and hopes you have a great day. 2. Birthday + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. Zaina blew out all 15 candles on her birthday .. 2 2. The necklace was a birthday from my husband. 3. I must remember to send Mikako a birthday ........... » | forgot last year: 4, Sheila has invited me to her son’s 2st birthday present Verb + present Adjective + present buy a present a lovely present | get a present. an expensive present ‘wrap J unwrap a present a small present ‘thank someone for a present a leaving present 1. Verb + present Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Did you many presents for your birthday? 2. I can't wait to see my wife's face when she her present! 3. Lmust........ Mrs Auld for her wedding present. It was nice of her to think of us. 4, Pm not ...........her a present. | don’t know her that well. I'll just send a card, 5. We...........-her present in silver paper and tied it with a red bow. 2. Adjective + present ‘Match the halves: 1. I've brought you a small present. a. but yours was the nicest! 2. | got lots of lovely presents for Christmas, b. His father bought him a car. 3. Everyone in our class gave some money towards. It’s not much, but | think you'll ike it. 4, Duncan got lots of expensive presents on his 2Ist. d. a leaving present for the teacher, Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 143parent Test 17 child / children wedding husband / wife funeral baby birth birthday _ present 1. Identifying the key word ‘Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: 2. The correct collocation PN eae 9, be expecting, have, feed, hold celebrate, forget, cake, card give, certificate, control please, elderly, foster, single call off, go to, big, anniversary g0 to, arrange, hold buy, get, wrap, lovely adopt, bring up, have, spoilt meet, leave, loving, late Choose the correct collocation: NEYaYNe 8. She's an only / a single parent. Her husband left her a year after they were married. I'm an only / a single child. But I wish I had a brother or sister. We wanted a little / quiet wedding so we only invited our families and closest friends. Can you believe Sue is now back with her former / early husband again? 5. Have you heard the news? Pilar’s had / made a baby boy! Caroline gave / made birth to a beautiful baby girl early this morning. | got a beautiful clock as a goodbye / leaving present when I retired last year: She gave me a good / lovely present for my birthday. 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: Uh > a 4 Sy 6 7, 8 9. How did you celebrate your -.-2 Did you have a party? We adopted two ..........--after we found out we couldn't have any of our own. Please remember to bring a copy of your ............€ertificate with you. We'd like to invite you to our daughters ............0n the 28th of July. Can you wrap Tom's « 1 There's some nice coloured paper in the drawer. When my father died, | had to arrange the . Wele expecting our first . in June. Elaine, have you met my ............,Mark? My .....+.+++.Separated when I was only six.| only saw my father at weekends. 4. Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: 144 I 2 3. é 5. I was very happy as / for a child had to make a speech at / on my brother's wedding. The baby's due in / on December. Congratulations for / on the birth of your daughter. | wish to you / you a happy birthday. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 18 Health and sport hospital doctor headache cough cold virus medicine pill injection blood bandage stitches x-ray ball football score result player test 18 146 146 147 147 147 147 148 148 148 149 149 149 149 150 150 151 151 151 152 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediato 145hospital ‘Common expressions be (seriously) ill in hospital 0 into hospital for (an operation) be in hospital with (pneumonia) come out of hospital be treated in hospital be taken to hospital by ambulance keep (you) in hospital (overnight) the doctors and nurses at the hospital Common expressions Notes Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Lt'm. «into hospital next week for a small operation on my knee. 2. went to A and E (Accident and Emergency) with pains in my chest, and they . in hospital overnight for tests. 3. Many of the people injured in the rail crash were at local hospitals. 4, My father’s just out of hospital. He'll need extra care at home for a few weeks until he's fit enough to look after himself again. Choose the correct preposition: ur family want to thank all the doctors and nurses at / in the hospital. . During the holiday, | spent three days in hospital for / with food poisoning. He was rushed to hospital by / in ambulance. . My mother is seriously ill at / in hospital at the moment. me enew 1. Note this expression: The injured climber was aired to hospital. taken by helicopter) 2. Another word for the Accident and Emergeney department of a hospital is Casualty. ended up in Casualty after faling off my motorbike. doctor Verb + doctor see the doctor doctors refer you to sp call the doctor doctors prescribe medicines consult your doctor doctors examine you Verb + doctor Notes 148 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Ramon has a very high temperature. Maybe we should «the doctor? 2. The doctor ...........some antibiotics for my throat infection. 3. I'd like to make an appointment to - Dr Venters today, if possible? 4. If you have any kind of heart condition, you should ...........your doctor before flying to New Zealand. 5. The doctor has ...........me to an ear specialist at the Royal Infirmary. 6. The doctor ...........the old woman carefully for signs of injury before she was lifted into the ambulance. 1. Doctors work at surgeries or in clinics. 2. The doctor you normally see is your GP (General Practitioner). Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intormediateheadache, cough, cold, virus headache cough cold virus have (got) a... havea cough catch a cold pick up a virus complain of a coughs spread disease have a cold a nasty virus it gives mea... a bad / nasty cough shake off a cold the virus causes (fever) this relieves your... a persistent cough _a cold clears up there's a virus going headaches go away cough medicine abad/ heavy cold round a bad / splitting cough sweets | 1. Expressions with headache Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Ive taken four paracetamol tablets, but my headache still hasn't ...........away! 2. The noise of the traffic in the city centre has ... sme a bad headache. 3. Ive a splitting headache all day long, so I'm just going to bed. 4. Aspirin is very good at my headaches, but I don't really like taking painkillers on a regular basis. 5. She's been ...........of a headache for two days now. think she should make an appointment to see the doctor. 2. Expressions with cough Match the halves: 1. I stopped taking my cough medicine 2. I wish | could get rid of this cough. 3. Cover your mouth with a tissue. 4, I've got a sore throat and a persistent cough 5. Have you got a cough sweet? It’s making me miserable. I've got to give a talk in 5 minutes. which just won't go away! because it was making me feel sleepy. ‘Coughs and sneezes spread diseas epeange “ve got a heavy cold and a splitting headache.” 3. Expressions with cold Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Don't come into work if you a heavy cold. It’s better if you go to bed and rest. 2. I think t've cold. 've been sneezing all morning. 3. Most coughs and colds up after a few days. So just drink lots of water and keep warm. You don't really need to take any medicine. 4, I've been trying to off this cold for weeks, but | can’t seem to get rid of it! 4, Expressions with virus Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. There's a nasty virus ...........round the college just now. 2. The virus stomach pains and diarrhoea. Make sure you drink plenty of water. Shier up a nasty virus while I was on holiday. | was off work for weeks. ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 147medicine, pill Expressions with me: Expressions with pill take medicine a sleeping pill give (him) medicine 2 vitamin pill keep your medicine (in a box) take a pill the medicine works / takes effect swallow a pill medicine makes you feel (drowsy / sleepy) __the doctor gives you pills the medicine tastes awful pills are addictive 1. Expressions with medicine Complete the sentences with the correct form of one of the above verbs: - The doctor didn’t .........-.me any medicine. She said the infection would clear up by itself. L ss 2. In our house we all medicines in a locked cupboard in the bathroom. 3. Thad to stop «my medicine because it was making me sick. 4, The medicine me feel drowsy, so | couldn't drive while | was taking it. 5. The medicine ..........-awfull | can only take it mixed with some orange juice. 6. Don't expect the medicine to . «effect immediately It could take a week or two. 2. Expressions with pill Note Match the halves: |. My grandfather keeps forgetting 2. The doctor gave me some pills 3. I don't like taking sleeping pills regularly. 4. | find it realy difficult to swallow these pills 5. I don’t take vitamin pills for the pain in my legs. | just make sure I eat lots of fresh food. because they taste awful |. They can become addictive. . to take his pills. “These pills make me fee! sleepy.” Note that the Pill refers to the contraceptive pil ‘Mandy has gone on the Pil. She says she's not ready to start o family yet injection [eeboiincton have an injection need an injection an injection hurts you give someone an injection (in the arm) Verb + injection 148. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Lwas a little embarrassed when the nurse .. me an injection in my bottom. 2. The injection didn’t . at al. I just felt a slight prick. 3. Like most children, my son hates ........... injections. 4. Vccsseeeesa tetanus injection after I was bitten by a dog on the beach last summer. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatoblood Common expressions give blood lose blood ‘the sight of blood a blood test blood runs / pours down (your face) your blood pressure covered in blood blood-stained clothes ‘Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I'm a regular blood donor. She lost a lot of blood We'll need to do some blood tests asked the doctor to There was blood The sight of blood always The police were able to identity ‘What's the matter with your head? @Nawawne . in the accident. the killer from his blood-stained shirt. pouring down his face from a head wound. makes me feel sick and faint. to find out what's making you feel so tired. check my blood pressure. It covered in blood! “You should have seen the loca! Have you ever given blood yourself? needed 10 stitches!” bandage, stitches, x-ray bandage stitches xeray puta bandage on his hand —_need stitches have an x-ray remove a bandage get your stitches out have your (arm) x-rayed | show up on an x-ray | Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The cut over my right eye 10 stitches. 2. He his bandage, and showed me the cut on his leg. 3. After the accident, | had to an x-ray of my foot to see if any bones were broken. 4, It’s quite a deep cut, so welll need to ...........a bandage on it. 5. 6. 7. . The doctors still don’t know what's wrong with me. Nothing ...........up on the x-ray. . When do you... 1. Vhad to... . your stitches out? my teeth and gums x-rayed. That's the first time for 4 years! Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 149ball Verb + ball play with a ball throw a ball catch a ball bounce a ball a ball rolls miss the ball Verb + ball Notes ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Jordan . the ball two or three times, then threw i 2. watched the children . - with a ball in the park. 3. The baby's ball across the floor and went under the chair. 4 5 || swung the bat wildly at the ball, but | completely wid . See if you can... the ball when I...........it to you.Try not to drop it. |. If dhow the ball to you, | want you to catch it However if throw @ ball at you, Im trying to hit you! 2. Ina game of football, you can’t touch the ball, but you ean kick it, head it oF pass it: 1'm sure he wos trying to kick me and not the ball He’ a really dirty player Hartson jumped above all the other players and headed the ball past the goalkeeper into the net. He's « really greedy player. He never passes the ball! football ‘Common expressions Football + noun play football football boots watch football football fans be mad / crazy about football a football strip be good at football a football match be useless at football a football player a football team 2 football pitch 1. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: I. At school, | was useless at football. ‘a, but not good enough to play professionally. 2. Do you play any other sports b. He's never missed a match in ten years. 3. Jim's not here. He's gone home . That's why | was never picked for the team. 4. My friend,Alan,is crazy about football. _d. besides football? 5. Our eldest son is very good at football, _¢. to watch the football on TV. 2. Football + noun 150 Complete these sentences with the above nouns: Which football ...........do you support? My dad took me to watch my first football ...........when I was only 2 years old. The Brazilian, Ronaldinho, was voted best football «in the world in 2004. There's a football .. -at the end of the road, where kids practise most nights. Thousands of football .. invaded the pitch at the end of the cup final. I wash my own football ...........after a game and | also clean my football ... as vawne Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediatescore, result Expressions with score Expressions with result the score was (2-I) a surprise result the final score predict the result the latest score a disappointing result hear the score (yesterday's) result Common expressions Match the halves: |. The match ended in a draw. a. in the match between Lazio and AC Milan? 2. 1-0 to Greece! What a surprise result! b. The final score was one-all. (I-1) 3. Do you know the latest score c. Everyone expected France to win easily. 1's result was very disappointing, _d, to predict the result of tonight's match, 5. They are both strong teams, so it’s difficult e. It means we're out of the competition. | Common expressions Adjective + player players beat / defeat other players a competitive player players earn (lots of ) money an experienced player players warm up an exciting player players sign autographs a great player football players score goals clubs sign / buy new players ‘al I. Common expressions Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Players from both teams were ...........autographs outside the stadium before the game. 2. Our best player was easily ...........by the Russian, Sharapova. 3. He might be our star player, but he hasn't ...........a goal for nearly ten matches! 4, FC Roma have ‘two new players this year. 5. We arrived early to watch the players ........... up before the match. 6. Many football players a lot of money. Some are paid as much as £60,000 a week! 2. Adjective + player Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above adjectives. I. I think Pelé was the football player of all time. 2. McEnroe was a highly ...........tennis player who hated losing. 3. The team has some young players, but it also has a number of more .. ones. 4, Ronaldo is a really player. He is absolutely wonderful to watch. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 181Test 18 health hospital doctor headache cough cold virus _medicine pill injection blood bandage stitches x-ray sport ball football score result. player I. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates best with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: health sport 1 cess heavy, catch, shake off 14. wc ssesece play, watch, match 2 see, call, consult 15. ..sscesese predict, surprise 3. need, have, hurt. 16. hear, final, latest AL ecseeeees nasty, persistent 17. bounce, throw, catch 5. +++ go into, be taken to Ig, competitive, experienced 6 put on, remove 7. makes you drowsy 8. pick up, go round, nasty 9. have, need, show up on swallow, vitamin, sleeping «have, go away, spitting 12. need, get, ten give, lose, pressure 2. Key word quiz 152 Complete each sentence with the correct key word: health Consult your you still have the headache tomorrow. He had a nasty cut on his head and ............was running down his face. Will you try to be quiet! I've got a splitting Saale The the doctor gave me for my cough is making me sleepy. The cut on your leg is quite deep. | think you'll need some .. I'm going into .... next week for an operation on my foot. I've got this persistent ............which I can't seem to get rid of. They're big .... 0 you'll need some water to help you swallow them. | thought I had broken a small bone in my hand, but nothing showed up on the ... 10. My nose is running and I feel hot. I think I've caught a .. 11. The nurse gave me a tetanus . in my arm. 12, There's a nasty ............going round at the moment. Make sure you wash your hands. 13. We'll need to put a .-.0n that cut, so that it doesn't become infected. ~ENnnaune sport 14. He bounced the three times before throwing it to me 15. It's difficult to predict the .- but | think Chelsea will win, 16. The final cess Was 333. 17. | think professional football .............earn too much money. I8. I'd rather watch . «than play it. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateSection 19 Education school 154. teacher 155 student 156 class 157 lesson 157 test 157 book 158 page 159 test 19 160 Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 153,school {eu Verb + school School + noun Common expressions go to/ attend school your school days be at school start school (at 5) the school hall be late for school leave school (at 18) your school report be absent from school miss school school rules stay behind after schoo! change schools 2 school trip all through school collect (them) from school school uniform be expelled from school school work play truant from school 1. Verb + school Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I didn’t do very well at high school. | school at 16 with no qualifications. . In the UK, children ............primary school when they are 4 or 5 years old . My father's a diplomat, so | have to schools every time he moves to a new country! a lot of school through illness last year. | might have to repeat the year . Ed Savage was .... from school for attacking the history teacher with a knife. We've just discovered that Tom has been 8. I didn't. the same school as my sister. She... 2. School + noun ‘Match the halves: . Our class is going on a school trip Smoking is against I've fallen behind with . The parents’ evening on June 26th will be held 3. My school reports always said the same thing — School uniform is compulsory in my school. Why do adults say that your school days are in the school hall. ‘Could try harder’! There's no choice. You have to wear it to Germany this year. the school rules. the happiest days of your life? my school work again. map ange NOM AWN 3. Common expressions 184 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: 1 2 3. 4, My wife’ ill so I'l have to leave work early today to the children from school. 5. 6 Z . truant from school. We had no idea! .to.a high school for girls. Types of school nursery school Y primary school | ' secondary school 1. Hurry up or we'll be late --+.school. 2. Both my children are still........... school. The eldest is 17. 3. Anna's very clever. She got A grades all the way ..........-high school. 4. Patricia been absent school for over a month now. 5. Ihad to stay behind ... why I'd been late four days this week + ++8chool. My guidance teacher wanted to speak to me about Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateteacher Verb + teacher become a teacher the teacher teaches you the teacher corrects (your homework) the teacher returns (your homework) the teacher tells you off teachers punish students Adjective + teacher a good / an excellent teacher a terrible / an awful teacher an enthusiastic teacher a former teacher a new (newly-qualified) teacher a strict teacher history / geography / maths teacher “Although he was strict he was always a very enthusiastic teacher!” I. Verb + teacher Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs . Our English teacher always .. Our maths teacher ...... My teacher ....... The geography teacher . teachers have different attitudes. 2. Adjective + teacher Notes Match the halves: (Our new teacher has no Mo went back to her old school Mrs Lloyd really knows her subject. t. David would make a good teacher. The new teacher is enthusiastic. had some awful teachers at school. . | think teachers have to be strict so that . I managed to get us ran for years and years at the Old Vic theatre. . The play The Mousetrap g, the best seats in the theatre. |. The new James Bond film is 2. We saw a play by Shakespeare 3. We're going to the cinema 4. There were plenty of seats in the cinema. 5. 6. i Notes 1. Note the expressions: What's on at the cinema / theatre tonight? 2. A muttplex cinema is a place with several small cinemas in one building: There's @ new multiplex cinema in our town with 20 screens. 3. Note these different kinds of theatre: All the students were in the lecture theatre, but no lecturer arrived, ‘The patient wos token to the operating theatre for an emergency operation, 174 Key Words for Fluency - Pre-intermediateshow Verb + show Noun + preposition + show enjoy a show the opening night of a show a show starts / finishes a review of a show a show is cancelled the star of a show a show is a success a ticket for a show I. Verb + show Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. We waited patiently in our seats for the show to 2. Just sit back and........... the show. 3. The show a spectacular success. Most of the critics loved it. It ran for two years. 4, They had to the show when four of the actors became ill 2. Noun + preposition + show ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above nouns: 1. 1d like two for the 5 o'clock show, please. 2. There's a really bad .. Of the show in one of the Sunday papers. 3. This is the opening . of our show, so many of us are feeling a little nervous. 4. For me, Larry Linslow was the .. of the show. He was brilliant as Captain Hook Note Note that a show can be a type of television programme: “Who Wnts to Be « Milionaire’is a hugely popular TV show all over the world The pop star, Nick Cave, made o guest appearance on ‘The Jools Holland Show ‘My grandmother seems to spend her days watching game shows on TY. play, actor Expressions with play Expressions with actor put on a play become an actor be in a play actors bow (at the end of a show) have a part in a play a famous actor write a play good / talented actor Common expressions Match the haves: I. I've done a lot of acting. a. become a famous actor one day. 2. Sam Desai has written plays b. I've been in over 20 plays so far. 3. Many British primary schools put on c. hada small part in the school play last year. 4. Yes, I've acted once before. d. and bowed at the end of the performance. 5. For me, Jack Nicholson is one of e. for both television and the stage 6. Is my dream to f, the most talented actors I've ever seen. All the actors came back onto the stage _g. a nativity play at Christmas time. ii Note A female actor used to be called an actress. Today many prefer to be called actors. Key Words for Flieney Pre-intermediate 475Test 21 Z office manager secretary factory employer employee employment police soldier ‘museum / art gallery cinema/theatre actor show —_play |. Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: eee march, kill, salute, surrender Do vcsesee famous, bow, talented Bocce cally share, work in, well-run Bigs arrest, cal, officer, station Se) Satin open, shut down, visit, show around 62 Babes enjoy, review, star ticket 7. g0 to, half-full, packed 8 be in, put on, write, part 9 complain to, see, sacks people M it, entrance charge 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation I. I'm not very happy with the quality of this food. Id like to watch / see the manager, please. 2. The factory does / produces most of the country's cars. 3. There's been great / high unemployment in the area since the local factory closed. 4. A number of soldiers were hurt / wounded in the attack 5. There were no front chairs J seats left for the show. We had to sit at the back. 6. Let's go out and see / look ata film at the cinema tonight. I'm fed up watching videos at home. 7. Our local theatre group is putting on / out a play about poverty in Africa next week. 8. I'm appearing in the school play, but I only have a small bit / part. 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: |. A really nice guide showed us round the . The .. have arrested two men and charged them with murder When the general entered the roomall the - saluted. |. | love films with Jeremy Irons in them. He's my favourite Its a large ............which can hold about 1000 people. I work ina large ---0n the fourth floor. Before we can interview you for the job, we'll need a reference from your previous Nowawne 8. I hear you have tickets for the musical, Cats and Dogs. | hope you enjoy the ... 4, Prepositions Choose the correct preposition to complete these expressions: I. Ie’s important that you report all crimes at / to the police. 2. Thad a small part in / on the play. 3. Lwork at /in a large shoe factory. 4, There's no entrance charge at / to the museum. 176 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatoSection 22 Technology and time phone / telephone 178 call 479 camera 180 photograph / photo 180 video / DVD 181 minute 182 hour 182 week 182 month 182 year 182 test 22 184 Key Words for Flueney — Pro-intermediatephone / telephone Verb + phone Phone + noun ‘Common expre ns. answer the phone a phone box be on the phone use the phone a phone call put the phone down on (him) pick up / put down the phone your phone number the use of mobile phones get off the phone your phone bill do something by phone ‘come to the phone the telephone directory speak to her on the phone charge your mobile phone leave the phone off the hook the phone rings your mobile phone |. Verb -{zaaeen aailleS Bat Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Iwas just going to sleep when the phone . 2. Ive rung at least four times in the last hour. Nobody is the phone. 3. Do you mind if |. --your phone to make a quick call? 4. forgot to. “my mobile phone last night, so that’s why you couldn't reach me. Complete the following two-part verbs with the correct preposition 5. When I saw the smoke, | picked .......... the phone and dialled 999. 6. Lwish Shukri would get ..........the phone. He's been ..........it for hours! 7. Ita very bad line. Put the phone and I'll call you straight back. 8. I'm sorry he's too busy to come .. the phone. Shall I get him to call you back later? 2. Phone + noun Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above nouns: I. I'm sorry I don’t have his phone ... or his address. 2. I'm sorry I wasn't able to return your phone earlier. I've been away from the office for a few days 3. We tried looking up his number in the telephone ............,but it wasn't in the book. 4. We ran up a huge phone .... While we were away on holiday. | had no idea that international calls were that expensive! 5. | think that phone - will soon be a thing of the past, now that nearly everybody has Be eeeeveeees- Phone 3. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: 1. Who was that a, He's just put the phone down on me! 2. Harry's number is still engaged b. by phone or e-mail 3. The use of mobile phones is not permitted —_c. on the phone just now? 4. The line’s gone dead. d. Maybe he's left the phone off the hook. 5. You can place your order «. inside the aircraft. Notes |. Note the expression: Irread the exam results out to him over the phone. 2. Note the vocabulary we use specifically for mobile phones: ‘My new mobile phone has 50 ringtones. I mostly use my mobile for texting. Is your mobile pay-as-you-go? ‘My mobile needs re-charging. 178 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediatecall Verb +call Adjective + call make a call an anonymous call get / receive a call a hoax call take a call incoming calls return someone’s call local calls give somebody a call long-distance calls nuisance calls “What's your number? 'l give you a call!” 1. Verb + call Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: ir you a call this evening to see if you're feeling any better. 21 a call from Keith last week. He's now in New Zealand. 3. Mr Harris isn't . - any calls just now. He's in a meeting. 4. It’s cheaper to . alls after 6pm.The rates are lower then. 5. Why haven't you . -any of my calls? Ive phoned you at least three times and left a ‘message each time. 2. Adjective + call Notes ‘Match the halves: local calls are free. The phone in my flat only accepts incoming calls. so my phone bill is quite reasonable. It was a hoax call after an anonymous call to a newspaper. nuisance calls to single women. |. The stolen painting was found 2. I don't make many long-distance calls, 3. There was no bomb in the building, 4, He was arrested for making 5. At the weekend 6. You'll have to ring me. f Note these expressions: was suddenly cutoff in the middle of the call Don’t call us, well call you! 2. Gall can also mean vist: Its time I paid « call on my Aunt Margaret. She lives alone and is always leased to see me. 3. A call cenire is where people work, dealing with customers on the phone. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate 179camera Common expressions point the camera at (them) look at the camera smile at the camera puta film in a camera take the film out of a camera ‘act naturally in front of the camera install security (CCTV) cameras be caught on camera a digital camera a hidden camera Common expressions ‘Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. I'm having a problem getting a good picture of the baby. | can’t get her to...........at the camera! She keeps looking avray. 2. You always look so serious when you get your picture taken. Why don’t you ...........at the camera? 3. She. her new digital camera at me, but I managed to put my hand up before she could take a picture. 4, The thief was arrested after he was .. .-on camera stealing CDs from the shop. 5. I just had time to ...........the old film out of the camera and . a new one in before the next race started. 6. My husband can't photograph. 7. The police say that crime in the city centre has decreased since CCTV cameras were naturally in front of a camera, He always poses for his photograph | photo Verb + photo ‘Common expressions take photos carry a photo in your (wallet) show photos to (you) photos bring back memories see a photo of (my family) recognise someone from a photo pose for a photo stick photos to a wall get your photos developed frame a photograph . Verb + photograph 180 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Would you like to. 1 photo of our new grandson in Canada? He's now 5 and our daughter sends us new photos of him every six months or so. 2. Did you many photographs while you were in China? 3. We all had to stand still and ........... for a family photograph outside the church. There were almost 50 of us! 4, That's a great photo of you.You should get it 5. Pam brought some photographs of her family to school to the other students. 6. I need to get my holiday photos .. I can’t wait to see what they look like! | just haven't had the time till now. Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediato2. Common expressions: ‘Match the halves |. At the airport, | recognised Lars a. some wonderful memories of my holiday there. 2. I carry a photo b. Many of them were out of focus or too dark. 3. The photo of Goa brought back . from the photograph he had sent me. 4, The photos didn't come out very well. 4. his girfriends all over his bedroom wall! 5. Kevin sticks photos of ce. of my wife in my wallet. Notes |. Note that we keep photos in an album: ‘When was the last time you looked through your wedding album? 2. We often use picture to mean photo: ‘Toke a picture of met 3. With a digital camera, you need to download your photos anto your computer and print them at home. With a conventional camera, you take the film to a photo shop and have it developed. 4. You can enlarge a photo you like and have it framed. video / DVD verb + video / DVD verb + video / DVD turn the video on rent a video stop the video watch a video ‘work the video make a video of (a wedding) program the video show a video The DVD of the film is out now. |. Verb + video / DVD Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Ive the video to start recording Neighbours at 5 o'clock. 2. don't know how to .. the video on. Do you? 3. Can you ..........the video for a moment? | think | heard the doorbell 4. Do you know how to the video recorder? I've no idea how to get it to start or eject a tape. 2. Verb + video / DVD Match the halves: 1. I'm not sure how much a. | think it comes out next month. 2. Let's stay at home tonight and watch a video. _b. to sell to raise money for charity. 3. Rewind the video to the beginning . I don't feel like going out. 4, They're making a video of the school play d. before you return it to the video store. 5. The movie isn’t out on DVD yet. €. it costs to rent a video for a night. Notes |. A blank video is a cassette with nothing recorded on it: Has anyone got a blank video? Id like to record the football wile I’m out at work 2. Video is being replaced by DVD these days: You can get the fim on video or dvd. 3. Music is recorded on CD or cassette: The olbum is available on CD or cassette Theyre giving away a free CD with this magazine. You've won the latest Coldplay CD plus two tickets for their concert in Glasgow. He downloads his farourite songs from the internet and burs them onto CDs. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 181minute, hour, week, month, year Verbs used with all key words Prepositional phrases spend (a year in France) in a couple of minutes take (a month to sail to South America) for hours last (a couple of hours) during the week wait (for 5 minutes) at the end of the month vaste (half an hour) for the past year Key word + noun (Number or amount) + a + key word a (30)-minute drive / walk / flight half an hour a (5)-week waiting list (twice) a week a (4)-year contract (£25) an hour a week's / month's notice 100 (cars) an hour Key word + adjective / adverb (40) hours a week (5) minutes early / late Common expressions (6) months pregnant leave something to the last minute @) hours long enjoy every minute of (the show) the (second) year running work long hours be open 24 hours a day (24/7) the summer / winter months have a bad / good / busy week “The concert went on far hours, But we enjoyed every minute of it!” 1. Verb collocations: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Matthew, can I have a quick word? It won't a minute 2. My son +++ hours surfing the internet every day. ab hoe me a whole week to write this essay! 4. Ihad to weeks for my new passport to arrive! 5. If you take good care of your bike, it should . for years. 2. Key word + noun Match the halves: |. My house is only a S-minute a. waiting lst for @ heart by-pass operation, 2. I think it’s about a six-hour b. contract with Real Madrid. 3. have to give at least two months’ «flight from London to New York. 4, There's now a six-month 4. walk from the school 5. Raul has signed a new three-year e. notice if I want to leave my job. 182 ‘Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediate3. Key word + adjective / adverb Complete the sentences with one of the above words: 1 2 a 4. 5. . Most films nowadays are about two hours Iwas ten minutes for my interview because | missed my bus. Manchester United have won the cup for the third year . My wife's about five months now. We'd better have a coffee. We don't want to arrive a whole hour .. 4. Prepositional phrases Match the halves: 1 2. 3 4. 5 Hang on. I'll be ready a. at the end of the month. Iwas awake b. for the past y I don’t go out much . ina few minutes. Ive been out of work . during the week. | get paid . for hours last night. 5. (Number / amount) +a + key word Complete the sentences with the correct key word: vawne (On average, work about 35 hours a.....2-+++++ The job’s not that well-paid. | only get £4 an | get my hair cut about once a. | Edinburgh Castle attracts more than half a milion tourists a. I waited for nearly 30 .. , but he didn't show up. 6. Common expressions Match the halves: Notes eae to the last minute! . Ive had a bad week! and enjoyed every minute of it I'm working long hours ~ about 60 a week! . and very hot during the summer months. 24 hours a day. The shop is very busy just now, so Ie quite cold here in winter The supermarket is open Why do you always leave things went skiing for the first time last week Don't mention the office! Note that in all the sentences in exercise 5, except no 5, we can use per’ in place ofa Jan’ He was driving at over 150 km per hour when the police stopped him. Note these expressions: That’ the best news I've heard all week! (My kids get endless hours of fun from computer games. Ive just bought 0 new house, so! cant offord to go on holiday this year. Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate nestelephone call camera photograph video! DVD minute hour week month year Identifying the key word Choose the key word which collocates with these verbs, adjectives and nouns: -+ develop, frame, pose for, take \ 2 programme, stop, turn on, work 3. -+ make, receive, local, hoax 4. smile at, digital, CCTV Shp cueee answer, ring, use, number 2. The correct collocation Choose the correct collocation: . The phone's ringing! Would someone answer / make it please? I think I'l give / make Joanna a call. Have you got her number? I'm not very good at making / taking photographs. Do you have a blank / an empty video cassette? I want to record something tonight. If you take good care of your camera, it should keep / last for years. | fost 1 wasted over an hour trying to get through to the ticket office. He spends / takes hours every day watching TV. . It only takes / uses about 20 minutes to learn how to use the machine. 9. enjoyed each / every minute of the show. exNeeeune 3. Key word quiz Complete each sentence with the correct key word: I'm afraid | forgot to put a film in the ............! i 2. Can you wait here while I go to the toilet? | won't be a re 3. There's a new supermarket near us which opens 24 a day. 4. I wish she'd get off the .. I need to call Carlos. 5. I think I'll frame this . -and give it to my mother. 6. I'm sorry I forgot to return your Iwas very busy in the office. 7. Hang on! | won't be a....... 8. Do you know how to tum on the ? 9. Our team have won the competition for the third - running. 10, Anne's about six.............pregnant now, so she'll be stopping work soon. 4. Common expressions with time 184 ‘Complete these expressions with a suitable adjective or adverb: Don't leave everything to the . = minute, He works very .. hours. No wonder he's tired! I've had a very week. 'll need to stay in bed all weekend to recover! We arrived ten minutes ...........-,50 we had time for a cup of coffee before the meeting. Most films today are about two hours .. paepe Key Words for Fluency — Pre-intermediateanswer key Section | Your house ROUSE ota creme ttre Ex: I.shares 2. Moving 3 buile 4. broke 5. renovating 6. demolished Ex2 Ie 2d 3a 4b stairs. -10 Bx: use 2.running 3.fo 4 cmb x2 Id 2c 3b 4a room . i Ex: [tidy 2.share 3.lets Ex2: Le 2d Bh de Sa Gf Tb Bg floor .. ese cee Ex I: L.swept 2. mopping 3. covered 4. scrubbed Ex2: Id 2a 3b 4e 5.c carpet . 5 Gereesl2 Exl: Lay 2.ruined 3.wear 4.hoover wall * as 13 Ex: lg 2a de 4b Sf 6d 7h Bc ceiling . le ls gouch, 2 high 3: stared 4. hance door .. Y Bence lt: Ex I: 1.Close / Shut slam 2.knock 3. break A.lock x2 led De 3a 4e 5b light 2 2c shoe 14 Ext: le 2d 3a 46 5-b ee Te window . tabi hce he. Ex I: [break 2.cleaning 3.open 4, steam Bed le 2d Ba 4b heating IS Ex: installed 2. broke, repalr 3. have. 4.cumn 5.come 6,tum Test | neaaees 4 16 Ex I: I.room 2. window 3.door 4.floor S. carpet. 6.wall 7. ceiling 8.house 9.heating 10. stairs Ex2: [built 2.rented 3. sweep 4. climb S.slam 6.see 7.switch off 8 vacuum 9.spare 10.top Il.high 12. chin Ex3: I.room 2.floor or carpet 3.door 4, light S.house 6.stairs 7.window 8.heating Ex4: I.across 2.on 3.from 4.at Section 2 Rooms and furniture AMbIO sn. sini ee dens. = sale ONS, Ex I: I.lay/set 2.sits 3.clear 4.leave 5. get 6.shown 7. book £2: I.at 2.round 3.across drawer 5 218 Ex I: I.looked 2.top 3.stiff 4.back 5. opened 6.locks chair... Ree LS Ex I: L.back 2.from 3.off 4.back 5.in 6. into mirror. Ree eee eee Exl: If 2d 3g 4c Sa 60 7b bed ...... ee 20 Ex I: make 2.went 3.get 4. putting 5. change Ex 2: I.single 2 soft 3.comfortable 4. spare 5. bunk, bunk 6. unmade Ex3: lc 2f 3a 4e Sb 6d sheet, blanket, pillow, mattress, wardrobe, alarm, cUrtains =.c22eusae-es at arse .21 Deana a ferent attra Ex: 4. set, go off / ring 5. clean 6. open 7. fitted Ex2: lin 2.on 3.with 4. into bath and shower Nipekegaren mee Ext: [got 2have 3.got 4.clean 5. bath 6. shower 7.bath 8. bath Ex 2: I.quick 2.long 3.cold 4.hot towel ... 3 ties gee Exl: If 2d Be 4g Sa 6c Tb toilet . Rp ge tape seis, ps Uli ess °Z reed 9. publi 4, yee Sodealed 6.flush 7. ladies Ex 2: I-paper 2.seat 3. facilities Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediate 185answer key Test 2 . Seen eee ead Ex |: I.chair 2.bed 3.alarm 4.table 5. mirror 6.tollet 7.drawer 8. towel 9. bath 10. shower Ex2: I.lay 2.stiff 3.leaned 4,look 5. change 6.g0 7.run 8. quick Ex 3: I.towel 2.bed 3.bath 4.table 5. blanket 6. drawer 7. wardrobe 8. windows 9. toilet 10. shower Ex4: l.up 2.across 3.0n 4.in 5.in Section 3 In the kitchen kettle, cooker, oven, freezer, dishwasher, washing machine, grill, fridge, toaster .. . 26 Ex I: Ileft,turn 2.Turn 3. switch 4. empty 5.Put 6.take 7.put Ex2: lin 2.under 3.in(to) 4.from Ex3: Ib 2d 3a 4c knife, fork and spoon ................27 Ex: L.Put 2.picked 3. holds Ex 2: I blunt 2.serving 3. sharp 4. teaspoon Ex3: Id 2e 3a 4b cupboard .. Syhgsysced 28 Ex I: L.keep, locked 2. cleaning 3.filled 4. put S.empty shelf .... o FS: Ex I: L-collapsed 2. put 3. put 4.top, get potand pani oie. Bit Aim 29) Ex I: L.Fill 2. Cover 3.cleaning 4. Cook Ex2: le 2e 3a 4b 5d Ex3: I.teapot 2.chip pan 3.saucepan 4. frying pan 5.soup pot 6.flower pot 7. coffee por 8, cooking pots pater green ee Ex I: I. dropped, smashed 2.heaped 3. 4. cleared &2 Id 2e 3b 4a Bowl xe sears pe tiornaae 30 Ex: [filled 2 emptied 3.have 4.licking sink .......4 eran eee Ex I: [filled 2.put 3.poured 4. standing 5.use, blocked dishes cops nD Exl: Id 2a de 4b 5 BER a5. 0h 5a PER WATE Ion ds woe da Oe Ex: I. Switch on 2.hold 3. stir 4.filled 5. put up 6.Cover 7.dinner 8, blocked 9. pile [knife 2. cupboards 3. oven 4. pot 5. dishwasher 6.kettle 7. washing machine 8.pan 9.sink 10. fridge 11. dishes 12. cooker Ex3: Ito 2under 3.0n 4.from 5.out of 6.from 7.in 8.down 9.with 10.in Ex 2 Section 4 Sky and weather Solent etcdewte naa Exl: [ce 2e 3a 44 Sb 6d sun 34 Ex I: I.came 2.rise/ come up 3.avoid 4. g0 Ex2: Ib 2d 3a 4c moon . 35 Ex I: [disappeared 2.came 3.shining 4. come 5.see 6. appears star .. 2am vas Exl: Ie 2d 3a 4b rain . Me nea aaa on 36 Ex I: I.poured 2.got 3.holds 4.beat 5. spread 6. started Ex2: Ic 2a 3b Ex 3: |. possibility 2 drops 3. break 4. shower 5. sound Ex 4: I.from 2.in 3. of 4.with thunder and lightning Exk Ib 2c 3d 4a 186 Key Words for Fluency ~ Pre-intermediateanswer key cloud .. ove SD PED weer ae Ex: I -floating 2.covered 3.broke 4. lifted Ex2: I.storm 2.white 3.low 4. thick snow .. gars Ex |: [falling 2.clear 3.mele 4. drifted x2: Ib 2c 3a Ex 3: [falls 2.flakes 3. blanket (cect .2 Reseed tote 38 Ext: I.melted 2.skate 3. skidded 4. covered S.slipped 6. crack 7. formed, scrape wind .... Ben Sear mere nc ace S: I. changed, blow 2. drops J dies down Ex: 3.whistling 4.rise / get up 5. shelter 6. sailing x2: Le 2d Ba 4b fog... 5 b 39 Ext: Llift/ clear 2.lost 3.rolled Test 42... nak eeeae ge KA Ex: 6.star 7.snow 8.fog %ice 10. sky Ex 2: Icleared 2avoid 3.full 4. shining 5.heavy 6.fiashed 7. lifted 8.fall 9.forms. 10. high Ex 3: [sun 2.snow 3.wind 4.moon 5. rain 6.lightning 7.sky ice 9.fog 10. stars Ex 4: I.under 2.behind 3.from 4.in Section 5 The natural world sea ean was Ext: Lby 2in 3.into 4.by Sat Ex2: Lb 2a 3d 4c WAVE 2c 2 aM? Exl: Le 2f 30 4b 5d 60 (ivan. Leet ae Ex: Lflow 2froze 3.cross 4.pollute Ex 2: Ilongest 2. wide 3. shallower Ex Ic 2f3a 40 Sd 6b island ... es i 44 Ex: L.get 2lived 3.leave 4. visiting 5. attracts 6.sailed Ex2: I.remote 2.desert 3.tropical 4,uninhabited beACH aE Ss petits eh evar y Ah Ex I: Llying 2.clean 3.going 4. stretched x2 Ic Le 3a 4f Sb 6d Ex 3: Lalong 2.to 3.at/on 4.on $aNd .. 00. ee eee eee eee 5S Ex I: getting 2 digging 3. buried 4. blew x2: Id 2a 3b 4c mountain, eased e vn tes Bee AO Ex I: [highest 2.surrounded 3.climb 4. steep Sb 6c Td Ba Ex2: I.foot/bottom 2.side 3.view 4.top forest “ . 46 Ex I: I.destroyed 2.covered 3.cleared 4. path 5. shrunk 6, destruction field. . mathe

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