Constitutional

Law II

By: Geni-Pearl Crystal Q. Cauilan (1F)

Submitted to: Atty. Adonis Gabriel
June 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES

De Leon vs. Esguerra [G.R. No. 78059, August 31, 1987]
Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS [G.R. No. 122156, February 3, 1997]
Francisco vs. House of Representatives [G.R. No. 160261, Nov 10, 2003]

AMENDMENTS & REVISIONS

Gonzales vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-28196, November 9, 1967]
Imbong vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-32432, September 11, 1970]
Occena vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 56350, April 2, 1981]
Tolentino vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-34150, October 16, 1971]
Sanidad vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-44640, October 12, 1976]
Province of Cotabato vs. The Gov’t. of the RP Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain [G.R.
No. 183591, October 14, 2008]
Santiago vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997]
Lambino vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 174153, October 25, 2006]

FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE

a. POLICE POWER
Philippine Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon [G.R. No. L-81958, June 30,
1988]
Ichong vs. Hernandez [G.R. No. L-7995, May 31, 1957]
Lutz vs. Araneta [G.R. No. L-7859, December 22, 1955]
Association of Small Landowners vs. Secretary of Agrarian Reform [G.R. No. 78742,
July 14, 1989]
Lozano vs. Martinez [G.R. No. L-63419, December 18, 1986]
Department of Education, Culture and Sports vs. San Diego[G.R. No. 89572, December
21, 1989]
Ynot vs. Intermediate Appellate Court [G.R. No. 74457, March 20, 1987]
City Government of Quezon City vs. Ericta [G.R. No. L-34915, June 24, 1983]
Manila Memorial Park vs. Secretary of DSWD [G.R. No. 175356, December 3 2013]

b. POWER OF EMINENT DOMAIN

City of Manila vs. Chinese Community of Manila [G.R. No. 14355, October 31, 1919]
Republic vs. Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. [G.R. No. L-18841, January 27,
1969]
People vs. Fajardo [G.R. No. L-12172, August 29, 1958]
Republic vs. Vda. De Castellvi [G.R. No. L-20620, August 15, 1974]
Amigable vs. Cuenca [G.R. No. L-26400, February 29, 1972]
Philippine Press Institute vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 119694, May 22, 1995]
Sumulong vs. Guerrero [G.R. No. L-48685, September 30, 1987]
Manosca vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 106440. January 29, 1996.]
EPZA vs. Dulay [G.R. No. L-59603, April 29, 1987]
Municipality of Parañaque vs. V.M. Realty Corp. [G.R. No. 127820, July 20, 1998]
Republic vs. Lim, [G.R. No. 161656, June 29, 2005]

c. POWER OF TAXATION
Sison vs. Ancheta, [G.R. No. L-59431, July 25, 1984]
Pascual vs. Secretary of Public Works [G.R. No. L-10405, December 29, 1960]
Punsalan vs. Municipal Board of Manila [G.R. No. L-4817, May 26, 1954]
Lladoc vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue [G.R. No. L-19201, June 16, 1965]
Abra Valley College vs. Aquino [G.R. No. L-39086, June 15, 1988]

ARTICLE III – THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1
Due Process of Law
Ichong vs. Hernandez [G.R. No. L-7995, May 31, 1957]
Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Corp. vs. Torres [G.R. No. 98050, March 17, 1994]
Ynot vs. Intermediate Appellate Court [G.R. No. 74457, March 20, 1987]
Alonte vs. Savellano [G.R. No. 131652, March 9, 1998]
Aniag vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 104961, October 7, 1994]
Spouses Romualdez vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 167011, April30, 2008]
Philippine Communications Satellite Corp. vs. Alcuaz [G.R. No. 84818, December 18,
1989]
Ang Tibay vs. Court of Industrial Relations [G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940]
Ateneo de Manila vs. Capulong [G.R. No. 99327, May 27, 1993]
Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network, Inc. vs. Anti-Terrorism Council [G.R. No.
178552, October 5, 2010]

Equal protection of the Laws

People vs. Vera [G.R. No. 45685, November 16, 1937]
Ichong vs. Hernandez [G.R. No. L-7995, May 31, 1957]
Villegas vs. Hiu Chiong Tsai Pao Ho [G.R. No. L-29646, November 10, 1978]
People vs. Cayat [G.R. No. L-45987, May 5, 1939]
Dumlao vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-52245, January 22, 1980]
Philippine Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon [G.R. No. L-81958, June 30,
1988]
Himagan vs. People [G.R. No. 113811, October 7, 1994]
Quinto vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 189698, February 22, 2010]
Biraogo vs. The Philippine Truth Commission [G.R. No. 192935, December 7, 2010]
Almonte vs. Vazquez [G.R. No. 95367, May 23, 1995]
Ormoc Sugar Co., Inc. vs. Treasurer of Ormoc City [G.R. No. L-23794, February 17,
1968]

Section 2 – Searches and Seizures

People vs. Marti [G.R. No. 81561, January 18, 1991]
Stonehill vs. Diokno [G.R. No. L-19550, June 19, 1967]
Mantaring vs. Judge Roman, A.M. No. RTJ-93-964, February 28, 1996
Soliven vs. Makasiar [G.R. No. 82585, November 14, 1988]
Silva vs. Presiding Judge of RTC, Negros Oriental [G.R. No. 81756, October 21, 1991]
Morano vs. Vivo [G.R. No. L-22196, June 30, 1967]
Harvey vs. Santiago [G.R. No. 82544, June 28, 1988]
Salazar vs. Achacoso, G.R. No. 81510, March 14, 1990
Alvarez vs. CFI [G.R. No. 45358, January 29, 1937]
Mata vs. Bayona [G.R. No. 50720, March 26, 1984]
People vs. Del Rosario [G.R. No. 109633, July 20, 1994]
People vs. Gerente, G.R. No. 95847-48. March 10, 1993.
Umil vs. Ramos [G.R. No. 81567, July 9, 1990]
People vs. Sucro [G.R. No. 93239, March 18, 1991]
People vs. Rodrigueza [G.R. No. 95902, February 4, 1992]
Go. Vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 101837, February 11, 1992]
Posadas vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 89139, August 2, 1990]
People vs. Mengote [G.R. No. 87059, June 22, 1992]
Malacat vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 123595, December 12, 1997]
People vs. Aminnudin [G.R. No. L-74869, July 6, 1988]
People vs. Malmstedt [G.R. No. 91107, June 19, 1991]
Luz vs. People [G.R. No. 197788, February 29, 2012]
Espano vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 120431, April 1, 1998]
United Laboratories vs. Isip, [G.R. No. 163958, June 28, 2005]
Papa vs. Mago [G.R. No. L-27360, February 28, 1968]
People vs. Musa [G.R. No. 96177, January 27, 1993]
People vs. Peralta, G.R. No. 145176, March 30, 2004
Valmonte vs. De Villa [G.R. No. 83988, September 29, 1989]

Section 3 – Privacy of Communication and Correspondence

Ramirez vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 93833, September 28, 1995]
Zulueta vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 107383, February 20, 1996]
Navarro vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 121087, August 26, 1999]
Ople vs. Torres [G.R. No. 127685, July 23, 1998]
Disini vs. Secretary of Justice [G.R. No. 203335, February 11, 2014]
Vivares vs. St. Theresa’s College [G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014]
Section 4 -Freedom of Expression
Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
United States vs. Bustos [G.R. No. L-12592, March 8, 1918]
People vs. Alarcon [G.R. No. 46551, December 12, 1939]
Ayer Productions PTY Ltd. vs. Capulong [G.R. No. L-82380, April 29, 1988]
Borjal vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 126466, January 14, 1999]
Reyes vs. Bagatsing [G.R. No. L-65366, November 9, 1983]
Pita vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 80806, October 5, 1989]
Social Weather Stations, Inc. vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001]

Assembly and Petition

Primicias vs. Fugoso [G.R. No. L-1800, January 27, 1948]
Malabanan vs. Ramento [G.R. No. 62270, May 21, 1984]
De la Cruz vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 126183, March 25, 1999]
PBM Employees Association vs. Philippine Blooming Mills [G.R. No. L-31195, June 5,
1973]
Bayan vs. Ermita [G.R. No. 169838, April 25, 2006]

Section 5 – Freedom of Religion

Aglipay vs. Ruiz [G.R. No. 45459, March 13, 1937]
Garces vs. Estenzo [G.R. No. L-53487, May 25, 1981]
American Bible Society vs. City of Manila [G.R. No. L-9637, April 30, 1957]
Iglesia Ni Cristo vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 119673, July 26, 1996]
Ebralinag vs. Division Superintendent of Cebu [G.R. No. 95770, March 1, 1993]
Estrada vs. Escritor [A.M. No. P-02-1651, June 22, 2006]
Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014

Section 6 – Liberty of Abode and of Travel

Marcos vs. Manglapus [G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989]
Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. L-62100, May 30, 1986]
Silverio vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 94284, April 8, 1991]
Genuino vs. Delima [G.R. No. 197930, April 17, 2018]

Section 7 – Right to Information

Legaspi vs. Civil Service Commission [G.R. No. 72119, May 29, 1987]
Valmonte vs. Belmonte, Jr. [G.R. No. 74930, February 13, 1989]
Province of Cotabato vs. The Gov’t. of the RP Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain [G.R.
No. 183591, October 14, 2008]
Echagaray vs. Secretary of Justice [G.R. NO. 132601, October 12, 1998]
Chavez vs. Presidential Commission on Good Government [G.R. No. 130716,
December 9, 1998]
“In Re: Production of Court Records and Documents and the Attendance of Court
officials and employees as witnesses under the subpoenas of February 10, 2012
and the various letters for the Impeachment Prosecution Panel dated January 19
and 25, 2012, [February 14, 2012]

Section 8 – Right to Form Associations

SSS Employees Association vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 85279, July 28, 1989]
Victoriano vs. Elizalde Rope Workers’ Union [G.R. No. L-25246, September 12, 1974]
In re: IBP membership Dues Delinquency of Atty. Marcial Edillon [A.C. No. 1928,
August 3, 1978]

Section 10 – Non-Impairment Clause

Rutter vs. Esteban [G.R. No. L-3708, May 18, 1953]
Ortigas & Co. Ltd. Partnership vs. Feati Bank & Trust Co. [G.R. No. L-24670, December
14, 1979]
Lozano vs. Martinez [G.R. No. L-63419, December 18, 1986]
Ganzon vs. Inserto [G.R. No. L-56450, July 25, 1983]

Section 11 – Free Access to the Courts

In Re: Query of Mr. Roger Prioreschi [A.M. No. 09-6-9-SC, August 19, 2009]
Section 12 – Custodial Investigation
Ho Wai Pang v. People of the Philippines [G.R. No. 176229, October 19, 2011]
Gamboa vs. Cruz [G.R. No. L-56291, June 27, 1988]
People vs. Macam [G.R. Nos. 91011-12, November 24, 1994]
People vs. Judge Ayson [G.R. No. 85215, July 7, 1989]
People vs. Pinlac [G.R. Nos. 74123-24, September 26, 1988]
People vs. Bolanos [G.R. No. 101808, July 3, 1992]
People vs. Andan [G.R. No. 116437, March 3, 1997]
Navallo vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 97214, July 18, 1994]
People vs. Dy [G.R. No. 74517, February 23, 1988]
People vs. Alicando [G.R. No. 117487, December 12, 1995]

Section 13 – Right to Bail

Basco vs. Rapatalo [Adm. Matter No. RTJ-96-1335, March 5, 1997]
People vs. Judge Donato [G.R. No. 79269, June 5, 1991]
People vs. Fortes [G.R. No. 90643, June 25, 1993]
Comendador vs. De Villa [G.R. No. 93177, August 2, 1991]
Baylon vs. Judge Sison [Adm. Matter No. 92-7-360-0, April 6, 1995]
Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. L-62100, May 30, 1986]
Government of the U.S. vs. Judge Puruganan [G.R. No. 148571, September 24, 2002;
December 17, 2002]
Government of Hong Kong vs. Hon. Olalia [G.R. No. 153675, April 19, 2007]
Enrile vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 213847, August 18, 2015]

Section 14 - Criminal Due Process

Tatad vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. Nos. L-72335-39. March 21, 1988.]
Galman vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 72670, September 12, 1986]
Alonte vs. Savellano [G.R. No. 131652, March 9, 1998]

Presumption of Innocence
People vs. Dramayo [G.R. No. L-21325, October 29, 1971]
Dumlao vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. L-52245, January 22, 1980]
Marquez vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 112889, April 18, 1995]
Corpus vs. People [G.R. No. 74259, February 14, 1991]
Feeder International Line vs. CA [G.R. No. 94262 May 31, 1991]

Right to be Heard by Himself and Counsel

People vs. Holgado [G.R. No. L-2809, March 22, 1950]
People vs. Agbayani [G.R. No. 122770, January 16, 1998]
Amion vs. Judge Chiongson [A.M. No. RTJ-97-1371, January 22, 1999]

Right to be Informed of the Nature and Cause of Accusation

People vs. Quitlong [G.R. No. 121562, July 10, 1998]
Pecho vs. People [G.R. No. 111399, September 27, 1996]
Soriano vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. L-65952, July 31, 1984]
Borja vs. Mendoza [G.R. No. L-45667, June 20, 1977]

Right to Speedy, Impartial and Public Trial

People vs. Tee [G.R. Nos. 140546-47, January 20, 2003]
Flores vs. People [G.R. No. L-25769, December 10, 1974]
Conde vs. Rivera [G.R. No. 21741, January 25, 1924]
Mateo, Jr. vs. Villaluz [G.R. Nos. L-34756-59, March 31, 1973]
Garcia vs. Domingo [G.R. No. L-30104, July 25, 1973]
People vs. Teehankee, Jr. [G.R. No. 11206-08, October 6, 1995]
In re: request for Live Radio and TV Coverage of the Trial in the Sandiganbayan of the
Plunder Cases against Former President Joseph Estrada [A.M. No. 00-1-4-03-
SC, September 13, 2001]
Re: Petition For Radio And Television Coverage Of The Multiple Murder Cases Against
Maguindanao Governor Zaldy Ampatuan, et al.,; [A.M. No. 10-11-5-SC, June 14,
2011; October 23, 2012]
Right of Confrontation
United States vs. Javier [G.R. No. L-12990, January 21, 1918]
Talino vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. Nos. L-75511-14, March 16, 1987]

Compulsory Processes
Roco vs. Contreras [G.R. No. 158275, June 28, 2005]

Trial in Absentia
People vs. Mapalao [G.R. No. 92415, May 14, 1991]
People vs. Valeriano [G.R. Nos. 103604-05, September 23, 1993]

Section 15 – Suspension of the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus

Lansang vs. Garcia [G.R. No. L-33964, December 11, 1971]
Jackson vs. Macalino [G.R. No. 139255, November 24, 2003]
In re: The Issuance of the Writ of Habeas Corpus for Dr. Aurora Parong, et al. vs. Ponce
Enrile, [G.R. No. L-61388, April 20, 1983]
Lagman vs. Medialdea [G.R. No. 231658, July 4, 2017]
Lagman vs. Pimentel [G.R. No. 235935, February 6, 2018]
Padilla vs. Congress [G.R. No. 231671, July 25, 2017]

Section 16 – Right to a Speedy Disposition of Cases

Padua vs. Ericta [G.R. No. L-38570, May 24, 1988]
Flores vs. People [G.R. No. L-25769, December 10, 1974]

Section 17 – Right Against Self-Incrimination

United States vs. Tan Teng [G.R. No. 7081, September 7, 1912]
Villaflor vs. Summers [G.R. No. 16444, September 8, 1920]
Beltran vs. Samson [G.R. No. 32025, September 23, 1929]
Chavez vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. L-29169, August 19, 1968]
People vs. Gallarde [G.R. No. 133025, February 27, 2000]
Pascual vs. Board of Medical Examiners [G.R. No. L-25018, May 26, 1969]
Mapa, Jr. vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 100295, April 26, 1994]

Section 18 – Right Against Involuntary Servitude

Philippine Refining Company Worker’s Union vs. Philippine Refining Co. [G.R. No. L-
1668, March 29, 1948]
In the Matter of Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus of Segifredo Aclaracion [G.R. No. L-
39115, May 26, 1975]

Section 19 – Prohibited Punishment

People vs. Estoista [G.R. No. L-5793, August 27, 1953]
People vs. Esparas [G.R. No. 120034, August 20, 1996]
Echagaray vs. Secretary of Justice [G.R. No. 132601, October 12, 1998]

Section 20 – Non-Imprisonment for Debt

Serafin vs. Lindayag [A.M. No. 297-MJ, September 30, 1975]
Lozano vs. Martinez [G.R. No. L-63419, December 18, 1986]

Section 21 – Double Jeopardy

Philippine Savings Bank vs. Bermoy [G.R. No. 151912, September 26, 2005]
People vs. Obsania [G.R. No. L-24447, June 29, 1968]
Paulin vs. Gimenez [G.R. No. 103323, January 21, 1993]
Icasiano vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 95642, May 28, 1992]
Lejano vs. People of the Philippines [G.R. No. 176389, January 18, 2011]
People vs. Balisacan [G.R. No. L-26376, August 31, 1966]
People vs. City Court of Silay [G.R. No. L-43790, December 9, 1976]
Esmeña vs. Pogoy [G.R. No. L-54110, February 20, 1981]
People vs. Pineda [G.R. No. L-44205, February 16, 1993]
People vs. Tampal [G.R. No. 102485, May 22, 1995]
Melo vs. People [G.R. No. L-3580, March 22, 1950]
People vs. Adil [G.R. No. L-41863, April 22, 1977]
People vs. Relova [G.R. No. L-45129, March 6, 1987]
Section 22 – Ex Post Facto Law and Bill of Attainder
United States vs. Conde [G.R. No. L-18208, February 14, 1922]
Concepcion vs. Garcia [G.R. No. L-32380, November 29, 1929]
Nasi-Villar vs. People of the Philippines [G.R. No. 176169, November 14, 2008]
Salvador vs. Mapa, Jr. [G.R. No. 135080, November 28, 2007]

ARTICLE IV - CITIZENSHIP
Poe-Llamansares vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 221697, March 8, 2016
David vs. Senate Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 221538, September 20, 2016
Tecson vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004]
Republic vs. Lim [G.R. No. 153883, January 13, 2004]
Co vs. House of Representatives [G.R. Nos. 92191-92, July 30, 1991]
In re: Application for Admission to the Bar of Vicente Ching [B.M. No. 914, October 1,
1999]
Cabiling Ma vs. Fernandez [G.R. No. 183133, July 26, 2010]
Yu vs. Defensor-Santiago [G.R. No. 83882, January 24, 1989]
Maquiling vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195649, April 16, 2013
Frivaldo vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 87193, June 23, 1989]
Republic vs. De la Rosa [G.R. No. 104654, June 6, 1994]
Labo vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 86564, August 1, 1989]
Aznar vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 83820, May 25, 1990]
Mercado vs. Manzano [G.R. No. 135083, May 26, 1999]
Bengzon III vs. HRET [G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001]
Mo Ya Lim Yao vs. Commissioner of Immigration [G.R. No. L-21289, October 4, 1971]
Altajeros vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 163256, November 10, 2004]
The Constitution of
the Philippines
Amendments &
Revisions
 Fundamental
Powers of the State
a. Police Power
b. Power of Eminent
Domain
c. Power of
Taxation
Article III – Bill of
Rights
Section 1

Due Process of Law

No person shall be deprived of life,

liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person
be denied the equal protection of the
laws.
Equal Protection of
the Laws
Section 2

Searches and
Seizures

The right of the people to be secure

in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable searches
and seizures of whatever nature and
for any purpose shall be inviolable,
and no search warrant or warrant of
arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after
examination under oath or affirmation
of the complainant and the witnesses
he may produce, and particularly
describing the place to be searched
and the persons or things to be
seized.
Section 3

Privacy of
Communication and
Correspondence

The privacy of communication and

correspondence shall be inviolable
except upon lawful order of the court,
or when public safety or order
requires otherwise, as prescribed by
law. Any evidence obtained in
violation of this or the preceding
section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
Section 4

Freedom of
Expression

No law shall be passed abridging the

freedom of speech, of expression, or
of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress of
grievances.
Assembly and
Petition
Section 5

Freedom of Religion

No law shall be made respecting an

establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship,
without discrimination or preference,
shall forever be allowed. No religious
test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
Section 6

Liberty of Abode and

Travel

The liberty of abode and of changing

the same within the limits prescribed
by law shall not be impaired except
upon lawful order of the court.
Neither shall the right to travel be
impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or
public health, as may be provided by
law.
Section 7

Right to Information

The right of the people to information

on matters of public concern shall be
recognized. Access to official
records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts,
transactions, or decisions, as well as
to government research data used as
basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such
limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8

Right to Form
Associations

The right of the people, including

those employed in the public and
private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for
purposes not contrary to law shall not
be abridged.
Section 10

Non-Impairment
Clause

No law impairing the obligation of

contracts shall be passed.
Section 11

Free Access to the

Courts
Free access to the courts and quasi-
judicial bodies and adequate legal
assistance shall not be denied to any
person by reason of poverty.
Section 12
Custodial
Investigation

Any person under investigation for the

commission of an offense shall have the right to
be informed of his right to remain silent and to
have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person
cannot afford the services of counsel, he must
be provided with one. These rights cannot be
waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.

No torture, force, violence, threat,

intimidation, or any other means which vitiate
the free will shall be used against him. Secret
detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or
other similar forms of detention are prohibited.

Any confession or admission obtained in

violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.

The law shall provide for penal and civil

sanctions for violations of this Section as well
as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims
of torture or similar practices, and their
families.
Section 13

Right to Bail

All persons, except those charged with

offenses punishable by reclusion
perpetua when evidence of guilt is
strong, shall, before conviction, be
bailable by sufficient sureties, or be
released on recognizance as may be
provided by law. The right to bail
shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required.
Section 14

Criminal Due
Process
No person shall be held to answer for a
criminal offense without due process of
law. In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall be presumed innocent until
the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the
right to be heard by himself and counsel,
to be informed of the nature and cause of
the accusation against him, to have a
speedy, impartial, and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to
have compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production
of evidence in his behalf. However, after
arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the accused:
Provided, that he has been duly notified
and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Presumption of
Innocence
Right to be Heard by
Himself and Counsel
Right to be Informed
of the Nature and
Cause of Accusation
 Right to a Speedy,
Impartial, and Public
Trial
 Right to
Confrontation
Compulsory
Processes
Trial in Absentia
Section 15

Suspension of the
Privilege of the Writ
of Habeas Corpus

The privilege of the writ of habeas

corpus shall not be suspended except
in cases of invasion or rebellion,
when the public safety requires it.
Section 16

Right to a Speedy
Disposition of Cases

All persons shall have the right to a

speedy disposition of their cases
before all judicial, quasi-judicial,
or administrative bodies.
Section 17

Right Against Self-

Incrimination

No person shall be compelled to be a

witness against himself.
Section 18

Right Against
Involuntary Servitude

No person shall be detained solely by

reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations. No involuntary servitude
in any form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19

Prohibited
Punishment

Excessive fines shall not be imposed,

nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted. Neither shall
death penalty be imposed, unless, for
compelling reasons involving heinous
crimes, the Congress hereafter
provides for it. Any death penalty
already imposed shall be reduced to
reclusion perpetua. The employment of
physical, psychological, or degrading
punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or
inadequate penal facilities under
subhuman conditions shall be dealt
with by law.
Section 20

Non-Imprisonment
for Debt

No person shall be imprisoned for debt

or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21

Double Jeopardy

No person shall be twice put in

jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is punished by a
law and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall
constitute a bar to another
prosecution for the same act.
Section 22

Ex Post Facto Law

and Bill of Attainder

No ex post facto law or bill of

attainder shall be enacted.
Article IV –
Citizenship