Materi Seminar

Diabetes with additional
emphasison gestational
diabetes
22nd November 2019
● Basic knowing of Diabetes
Diabetes is the name for a medical condition in which too much glucose, or sugar, builds up in the
blood. Diabetes develops when the body does not make enough of the hormone insulin or makes
no insulin at all. It also can develop when the body is not able to use the insulin that is made.
The body changes food into a sugar called glucose. Glucose enters the blood and is taken to cells
in all parts of the body. Insulin helps the muscles, organs and tissues take in the glucose and
change it into energy.
The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin. When too much glucose is in the blood, the
pancreas produces the necessary insulin and sends it into the blood. The insulin reduces the level
of blood sugar by letting it enter cells.
Diabetes is present when too much glucose remains in the blood and does not enter cells. If the
amount of glucose in the blood remains too high, it begins to damage the body.
Over time, diabetes can cause blindness, kidney disease, and nerve damage. High glucose levels
in the blood also can lead to strokes and heart disease. Blood flow also is affected, especially in
the legs. Often, victims of diabetes must have a foot or even a leg removed because of problems
linked to the disease. Diabetes patients are more likely than other people to die of heart disease or
kidney failure.
● Main type
There are three main kinds of diabetes: type one and type two. Type one diabetes generally
affects children and young people. It results from a lack of insulin production. The exact cause is
not known. But some experts believe the body’s defenses against disease for some reason destroy
the cells that produce insulin.
Signs of the disease may develop suddenly. People suffering from type one diabetes may develop
a strong desire for food or something to drink. Other signs are increased production of liquid
wastes, loss of body weight, changes in eyesight and feeling extremely tired.
People with type one diabetes almost always need daily injections of insulin. Diabetes patients
must always know their blood sugar levels. When glucose levels are too high, they must use
insulin to reduce them. Type one patients must inject insulin every day, often several times. Type
two patients may use medicines that help reduce their glucose levels.
The World Health Organization estimates that about ninety percent of people with diabetes
worldwide have type two. This kind of diabetes was seen only in adults until recently. It is now
being increasingly seen in children who are very fat.
Most people with type two diabetes are overweight and need physical exercise. Their bodies
cannot produce enough insulin to reduce glucose levels in their blood. Or their bodies do not react
correctly to the insulin being produced. Signs of type two diabetes are similar to those of type
one. But experts say many people with type two diabetes have no signs. As a result, the disease
may not be recognized until after the patient has already begun to develop medical problems. A
third kind of diabetes, gestational diabetes, is temporary during pregnancy. However, our recent
studies show that diabetes in one family member is related to diabetes in other family members.
Gestational diabetes in mothers is linked to future diabetes not only in the mothers themselves,
but also in their partners and children.
GDM in future pregnancies and type 2 diabetes for both mother and offspring. Previous
studies have shown that GDM can result in an emotionally distressing pregnancy, but there is little
research on the patient experience of GDM care. In 2017, more than 425 million adults were living
with diabetes, and more than 1,106,500 children were living with Type 1 diabetes, globally.
● Diabetes risk
In most cases, Type 2 and gestational diabetes are related not only to genetics, but also to lower
physical activity and less healthy ways of eating. Improving eating and activity can cut Type 2
diabetes risk by half. A lot of studies have shown that many women with gestational diabetes go
on to develop Type 2 diabetes in the decade after pregnancy.
It is found that if the mother had gestational diabetes, the father was 20 per cent more likely to
develop Type 2 diabetes in the 10 years after pregnancy. If the mother had both gestational diabetes
and gestational hypertension — temporary high blood pressure during pregnancy — the father was
80 per cent more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes in the future.
Women who develop gestational diabetes know they are at increased risk for the disease. Others
who get type two diabetes have no idea they may develop it. That is why medical experts say it is
so important for people to get health examinations, because diabetes can be prevented.
It’s time to share action: to improve health behaviours together and try to prevent diabetes
development in the future.

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Diabetes with additional

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