Blood Composition For REPRODUCE

BLOOD COMPOSITION -is a pale yellow fluid that consists of about 91%
water, 7% proteins, and 2% other components, such

Blood has always fascinated humans and throughout ions, nutrients, gases, waste products, and rgulatory
history they have speculated about its function. Some substances.
socities have considered blood as the “essence of
life” because the uncontrolled loss of it can result in  Water (91%)
death. Blood helps maintain homoestatis in several Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for
ways: blood component.
 Transport of gases, nutrients, and waste
 Proteins (7%)
products.
 Albumin
 Transport processed molecules.
 Makes up 58% of the plasma
 Transport regulatory molecules.
proteins.
 Regulation of pH and osmosis.
 Maintain osmotic pressure.
 Maintenance of body temperature.
 Transpot molecules.
 Protection against foreign substances.  Globulins
 Clot formation.  Account for 38% of the plasma
proteins.
Composition of Blood  Some globulins, such as
antibodies and complement,
are part of the immune system.
 Transport molecules.
 Clotting factors.
 Fibrinogen
 Constitutes 4% of plasma
proteins.
 Form blood clots
*Serum is plasma without clotting factors.
 Other solutes
 Ions- involved in osmotic pressure
(Na+ and Cl-), membrane potentioals
(Na+ and K+), and acid-base
(hydrogen, hydroxide, and bicarbonate
ions)
 Nutrients – source of energy and “
 Blood is a type of connective tissue that
building blocks of more complex
consist of a liquid matrix cotaining cells and
molecules (glucose, amino acids,
cell fragments. The liquid matrix is the
tryglycerides)
plasma and the cells and cell fragments are
the formed elements.  Gases- involved in aerobic respiration
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
 The plasma accounts for for slightly more
than half (55%) of the total blood volume,  Waste products - breakdown products
of protein metabolism (urea and
and the formed elements account for slightly
ammonia salts) and red blood cells
less than half (45%).
(bulibirin)
The total blood volume is about 4-5 (L) in the
average adult female and 5-6 L in the average  Regulatory substances – catalyze
adult male. Blood makes up about 8% of total chemical reactions (enzymes) and
body weight. stimulate or inhibit many body
functions (hormones)
PLASMA
FORMED ELEMENTS
 Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes -Also release heparin, which
 Normal red blood cells are disk- prevents the formation of clots.
shaped, with edges that are thicker  Eosinophils
than the center of the cell. -Involved in inflammatory
 RBC can live for about 120 days in responses associated with
males and 110 days in females. allergies and asthma.
 One third of the red blood cell’s -Chemicals from eosinophils
volume is the pigmented protein are involved in destroying
hemoglobin, which is responsible for certain worm parasites.
the cell’s red color.  Agranulocytes:
 Primary function of RBCs are to  Lymphocytes
transport oxygen from the lungs to the -are the smallest of th WBC.
various tissues of the body and to help -Include in the prodcution of
transport carbon dioxide from the antibodies and other chemicals
tissues to the lungs. which destroy microorganisms,
 Most abundant of the formed contribute to allergic
elements. reactions, reject grafts, control
 Constitutes nearly 95% of all the tumors, and regulate the
formed elements. immune system.
 700 times more numerous than white  Monocytes
blood cells and 17 more numerous -largest of WBC.
than platelets. -After monocytes leave the
*Hemapotopoiesis is the process that blood and enter tissues, they
prduces formed elements. enlarge and become
macrophages.
 White Blood Cells -Macrophages phagocytize
bacteria, dead cells, cell
 WBC are spherical cells that lack
fragments, and any other debris
hemogloin.
within the tissue.
 Larger that RBC, and each has a
nucleus.
 Platelets
 Protect the body against invading
 Are minute fragments of cells, each
microorganisms and other phatogens.
consisting of a small amount of
 Remove dead cells and debris from the cytoplasm surrounded by a cell
tissues by phagocytosis. membrane.
 WBC is named according to its  Produced in red marrow from large
appearance in stained preparations; cells called megakaryoctes.
granulocytes (contain granules) and
 Play an important role in preventing
agranulocytes (no granules).
blood loss.
 Granulocytes:
 Neutrophils
-Most common type of WBC,
have small cytoplasmic
granule.
-Remain in the blood for a
short time (10-12 hours).
-Phagocytize microorganisms
and other foreign substances.
 Basophils
-Least common of all WBC.
-Release histamine and other
chemicals that promote
inflammation.

Blood Composition For REPRODUCE

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BLOOD COMPOSITION -is a pale yellow fluid that consists of about 91%

water, 7% proteins, and 2% other components, such

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