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    12 Biology Imp Ch11 5

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    MPM Media
    The document discusses important questions from Chapter 11 of the CBSE Class 12 Biology textbook on Biotechnology Principles and Processes. It includes questions about bioreactors, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), recombinant DNA technology using vectors like pBR322, and restriction enzymes. Key steps in PCR are denaturation, annealing and extension. Recombinant DNA technology involves identifying genes of interest, cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, inserting DNA into host cells, selection and screening of transformed cells, and obtaining the gene product. Restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA to produce fragments.

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    12 Biology Imp Ch11 5

    Uploaded by

    MPM Media
    84 views7 pages
    The document discusses important questions from Chapter 11 of the CBSE Class 12 Biology textbook on Biotechnology Principles and Processes. It includes questions about bioreactors, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), recombinant DNA technology using vectors like pBR322, and restriction enzymes. Key steps in PCR are denaturation, annealing and extension. Recombinant DNA technology involves identifying genes of interest, cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, inserting DNA into host cells, selection and screening of transformed cells, and obtaining the gene product. Restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA to produce fragments.

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    The document discusses important questions from Chapter 11 of the CBSE Class 12 Biology textbook on Biotechnology Principles and Processes. It includes questions about bioreactors, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), recombinant DNA technology using vectors like pBR322, and restriction enzymes. Key steps in PCR are denaturation, annealing and extension. Recombinant DNA technology involves identifying genes of interest, cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, inserting DNA into host cells, selection and screening of transformed cells, and obtaining the gene product. Restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA to produce fragments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views7 pages

    12 Biology Imp Ch11 5

    Uploaded by

    MPM Media
    The document discusses important questions from Chapter 11 of the CBSE Class 12 Biology textbook on Biotechnology Principles and Processes. It includes questions about bioreactors, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), recombinant DNA technology using vectors like pBR322, and restriction enzymes. Key steps in PCR are denaturation, annealing and extension. Recombinant DNA technology involves identifying genes of interest, cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, inserting DNA into host cells, selection and screening of transformed cells, and obtaining the gene product. Restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA to produce fragments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    CBSE

    Class 12 Biology
    Important Questions
    Chapter 11
    Biotechnology Principles and Processes​​

    5 Marks Questions

    1. The development of bioreactors is required to produce large quantities of products.

    (a) Give optimum growth conditions used in bioreactors.

    (b) Draw a well labelled diagram of simple stirred ​ tank bioreactor.

    (c) How does a simple stirred ​ tank​ bioreactor differ from sparged stirred – tank’
    bioreactor?

    Ans. (i) Temperature, pH, susbtrates, salts, vitamins and oxygen.

    (ii) (a) simple stirred​tank bioreactor

    (iii) The stirrer facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability throughout simple​stirred tank
    bioreactor, whereas in case of sparged stirred-tank bioreactor, air is bubbled throughout the
    reactor for proper mixing.

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 1 / 7


    2. In the given figure, one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is shown-

    (a) Name the steps A, B and C.

    (b) Give the purpose of each of these steps.

    (c) State the contribution of bacteriumThermusaquaticus in this process.

    Ans. (a) Denaturation ​ Heat denatures DNA to separate complementary strands.

    (b) Annealing : Primers hybridises to the denatured DNA strands.

    (c) Extension : Extension of primers resulting in synthesis of copies of target DNA sequence.
    Enzyme Tag polymerase is isolated from the bacterium Thermusaquaticus. This enzyme
    induces denaturation of double stranded DNA at high temperature.

    3. Study the figure of vector pBR322 given below in which foreign DNA is ligated at the
    Bam H1 site of tetracyline resistance gene.

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 2 / 7


    Answer the following questions :

    (a) Mention the function of rop.

    (b) What will be the selectable marker for this recombinant plasmid and why?

    (c) Explain transformation.

    Ans. (a) ​rop​ codes for the proteins involved in the replication of plasmid

    (b) Selectable marker ​ ampicillin resistance gene. It will help distinguishing trAns.formants
    from non-trAns.formants after plating them on ampicillin containing medium.

    (c) Transformation ​ It is the phenomenon by which the DNA isolated from one type of cell
    and introduced into another type and is able to bring about some of the properties of former
    to the later.

    4.Describe the various steps involved in Recombinant DNA technology with the help of
    a well labeled. Diagram?

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 3 / 7


    Ans. i) Identification of DNA with desirable Genes:- Other molecules in the target cell can
    beremovedby appropriate treatment & purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after
    addition ofchilled ethanol.

    ii) Cutting the DNA at specific location :- After having cut the source DNA as well as vector
    DNA with Specific restriction enzyme, the cut out “gene of interest” from the source DNA &
    the cut vector with space are mixed & ligase is added.

    iii)Insertion of Recombinant DNA into host cell :- Recipient cells after making them
    competent to receive takes up DNA in its surrounding. Recombinant DNA is introduced into
    suitable host cell by vector – based or vector – less method.

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 4 / 7


    iv)Selection & Screening :- If a recombinant DNA bearing gene for resistance to an antibiotic
    is trAns.ferred into E-coli the host – cell become trAns.formed into ampicillin – resistant
    cells. Due to this amp gene one is able to select a trAns.formed cell in the presence of
    ampicillin. This amp r gene is called selectable marker.

    v)Obtaining the foreign Gene product :- After having cloned the gene of interest & having
    optimized the conditions to induce expression of the target protein, one has to consider
    producing it on large scale.

    5.Expand PCR? Describe the different Steps involved in this technique?

    Ans. PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction.It is a technique for amplification of gene of
    interest

    or to obtain multiple copies of DNA of interest.

    The PCR requires primers, taq polymerase, target sequence, DNA sample
    &deoxyribonucleotides.

    PCR includes number of cycles for amplifying DNA of interest invitro. Each cycle has three
    steps :-

    a)DENATURATION:- The first step is denaturation of SNA sample in a reaction mixture to 940
    c. During this step, DNA strand gets separated.

    b)RENATURATION / ANNEALING:- The temperature is allowed to cool down to 500c to allow


    two oligo-nucleotide primers to anneal to complementary sequence in DNA molecule.

    c)EXTENSION:- The temperature is raised to 750c. At this temperature, taq – polymerase


    initiates DNA Synthesis at 3-OH end of primer.

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 5 / 7


    6.What are Restriction enzyme? Why do bacteria have these restriction enzymes. Show
    diagrammatically a restriction enzyme its recognition & the product it produces?

    Ans. Restriction enzymes are endonucleases which recognize a specific sequence within
    DNA andcut the DNA within that sequence at a specific point. In bacteria, these restriction
    enzymes operatea modification restriction system which modifies & cuts the foreign DNA
    entering into the bacterial cell& thus, provides immunity to bacterial cell.

    Name of Restriction enzyme- EcoRISubstrate DNA on which it acts

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 6 / 7


    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 7 / 7

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