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    PPTs On Milling Cutters and Twist Drill

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    Tulsi Chouhan
    The document discusses the geometry and characteristics of plain milling cutters and twist drills. It describes the key components and design features of milling cutters and drills, such as radial rake angle, radial relief angle, flutes, and point angle. The document also covers different milling operations like up milling, down milling, and gang milling as well as methods for estimating drilling forces based on drill diameter and feed rate.

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    PPTs On Milling Cutters and Twist Drill

    Uploaded by

    Tulsi Chouhan
    110 views30 pages
    The document discusses the geometry and characteristics of plain milling cutters and twist drills. It describes the key components and design features of milling cutters and drills, such as radial rake angle, radial relief angle, flutes, and point angle. The document also covers different milling operations like up milling, down milling, and gang milling as well as methods for estimating drilling forces based on drill diameter and feed rate.

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    Milling Cutters and Twist Drill

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    PPTs on Milling Cutters and Twist Drill

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    The document discusses the geometry and characteristics of plain milling cutters and twist drills. It describes the key components and design features of milling cutters and drills, such as radial rake angle, radial relief angle, flutes, and point angle. The document also covers different milling operations like up milling, down milling, and gang milling as well as methods for estimating drilling forces based on drill diameter and feed rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    110 views30 pages

    PPTs On Milling Cutters and Twist Drill

    Uploaded by

    Tulsi Chouhan
    The document discusses the geometry and characteristics of plain milling cutters and twist drills. It describes the key components and design features of milling cutters and drills, such as radial rake angle, radial relief angle, flutes, and point angle. The document also covers different milling operations like up milling, down milling, and gang milling as well as methods for estimating drilling forces based on drill diameter and feed rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are about understanding the characteristic features of milling process, selecting milling cutters based on application, and understanding different types of milling operations.

    The different types of milling operations are string milling and gang milling.

    The different types of milling cutters are solid, inserted tooth type, arbour mounted, and shank mounted cutters.

    Geometry of Plain Milling Cutter

    &
    Geometry of Twist Drill

    BY –GIRISH
    – SAPRA
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    NITTTR , CHANDIGARH
    March, 2016
    Objectives
    • Understand the characteristic features of the
    milling process
    • Select the various types of milling cutters
    based on the application
    • Understand the different types of milling
    operations that can be done in the milling
    machines
    Milling
    • In milling, the workpiece is fed into a rotating
    milling cutter, which is a multi-point tool
    • Interrupted cutting
    • Small size of chips
    • Variation in chip thickness
    Milling operation
    Milling Machine
    Milling Cutters
    • Based on construction
    Solid
    Inserted tooth type
    • Based on mounting
    Arbour mounted
    Shank mounted
    Milling Cutters
    • Base on rotation
    Right hand rotation (Counter clockwise)
    Left hand rotation (Clockwise)
    • Based on helix
    Right hand helix
    Left hand helix
    Milling Cutters
    Geometry of Plane Milling Cutter
    Geometry of Plane Milling Cutter
    • Radial Rake Angle
    • Radial Relief Angle
    • Land
    • Flute
    • Heel
    • Fillet
    • Lip angle
    Up Milling
    • In up milling the cutting tool rotates in the
    opposite direction to the table movement.
    • In the conventional or up milling, the chip
    starts as zero thickness and gradually
    increases to the maximum size.
    • However, this process is inherently safe.
    Down Milling (Climb Milling)
    • In down milling the cutting tool rotates in the
    same direction as that of the table movement.
    • In the climb or down milling, the chip starts as
    maximum thickness and goes to zero
    thickness gradually.
    • The cutting force will act downwards and as
    such would keep the workpiece firmly in the
    work holding device.
    • This is good for thin and frail workpieces.
    Up and Down Milling
    String Milling
    • A number of the workpieces will be kept on
    the machine table in a line and hence called as
    'string milling' or 'line milling'.
    • By having a number of workpieces kept in line
    the approach distance will be only at the
    beginning and end of the line, thus
    considerably saving the machine time.
    Gang Milling
    • In gang milling a number of milling cutters are
    fastened to the arbor to suit the profile of the
    workpiece to be machined.
    • For example, two side and face milling cutter
    with a slab milling cutter at the centre to mill
    an inverted U-shape.
    • The advantage of gang milling is that several
    surfaces are machined at the same time.
    Gang Milling
    Geometry of Twist Drill
    Twist Drill
    • A rotating cutting tool, used for
    cutting holes in rigid materials, that consists of
    an essentially conical point, relieved
    and fluted to form cutting lips, and spiral
    flutes which direct the chips away from the
    lips and toward ejection from the hole.
    Twist drill
    Drill geometry
    Drill point
    Twist drill nomenclature
    • AXIS - The imaginary straight line which forms
    the longitudinal center line of the drill.
    • BODY - The portion of the drill extending from
    the shank or neck to the outer corners of the
    cutting lips.
    • CHISEL EDGE ANGLE - The angle included
    between the chisel edge and the cutting lip, as
    viewed from the end of the drill.
    • DRILL DIAMETER - The diameter over the
    margins of the drill measured at the point.
    Contd...
    • FLUTES - Helical or straight grooves cut or formed in
    the body of the drill to provide cutting lips, to permit
    removal of chips, and to allow cutting fluid to reach
    the cutting lips.
    • FLUTE LENGTH - The length from the outer corners of
    the cutting lips to the extreme back end of the flutes.
    • HELIX ANGLE - The angle made by the leading edge of
    the land with a plane containing the axis of the drill.
    • LIPS - The cutting edges of a two flute drill extending
    from the chisel edqe to the periphery.
    Contd..

    • POINT - The cutting end of a drill, made up of the ends of the lands
    and the web. In form it resembles a cone, but departs from a true
    cone to furnish clearance behind the cutting lips.
    • POINT ANGLE - The angle included between the lips projected upon
    a plane parallel to the drill axis and parallel to the cutting lips.
    • SHANK - The part of the drill by which it is held and driven.
    • TANG - The flattened end of a taper shank, intended to fit into a
    driving slot in a socket.
    • TANG DRIVE - Two opposite parallel driving flats on the extreme
    end of a straight shank.
    • WEB -The central portion of the body that joins the lands. The
    extreme end of the web forms the chisel edge on a two-flute drill.
    Twist Drill Geometry

    • In order to provide strength to the drill the


    cutting edge is thickened gradually from the
    bottom. It is termed as web.
    • The web will only compress the material and
    as a result, the thrust on the drill increases
    with an increase in the web thickness.
    • Also it is likely that out of round and over size
    holes may result in because of the additional
    thrust.
    • The best geometry to use depends upon the
    properties of the material being drilled. The
    following table lists geometries recommended
    for some commonly drilled materials.
    • A more aggressive angle, such as 90 degrees, is suited
    for very soft plastics and other materials. Such a bit is
    generally self-starting and can cut very quickly.
    • A shallower angle, such as 150 degrees, is suited for
    drilling steels and other tougher materials. This style of
    drill requires a starter hole, but does not bind or suffer
    premature wear so long as a suitable feed rate is used.
    • Drill bits with no point angle are used in situations
    where a blind, flat-bottomed hole is required.
    Drilling Force Estimation

    • The torque acting on a twist drill is


    M = C d1.9f0.8N-mm
    d is the diameter of the drill in mm
    f is the feed rate of the drill in mm/rev
    C is a constant
    • The thrust force is
    T = K d f0.7 Newtons
    • The values of K are given as
    • Steel = 84.7, Cast iron = 60.5
    References.

    • Bhattacharya A., “Metal Cutting” Central


    Publishers, Kolkata,2000 140-145
    • Donaldson, “Tool Design ”Tata- McGraw Hill ,
    3rd Edition,2000,PP.5OO-515
    • Rajput, R. K. A textbook of Manufacturing
    technology.1. New Delhi: Luxmi Publishers (P)
    Ltd,2007,pp. 80-92.

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