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    StrukturData 06 Memory Allocation

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    Brifen Harlon Januardo Sinaga
    This document discusses memory allocation in C++. It explains that memory can be allocated statically at compile time or dynamically at runtime. Dynamic allocation uses operators like new and delete to allocate and free memory respectively. It allocates memory from the heap and returns a pointer, and discusses checking for null pointers if allocation fails. Malloc and calloc can also allocate memory, while free deallocates memory allocated by malloc and calloc.

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    StrukturData 06 Memory Allocation

    Uploaded by

    Brifen Harlon Januardo Sinaga
    27 views13 pages
    This document discusses memory allocation in C++. It explains that memory can be allocated statically at compile time or dynamically at runtime. Dynamic allocation uses operators like new and delete to allocate and free memory respectively. It allocates memory from the heap and returns a pointer, and discusses checking for null pointers if allocation fails. Malloc and calloc can also allocate memory, while free deallocates memory allocated by malloc and calloc.

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    This document discusses memory allocation in C++. It explains that memory can be allocated statically at compile time or dynamically at runtime. Dynamic allocation uses operators like new and delete to allocate and free memory respectively. It allocates memory from the heap and returns a pointer, and discusses checking for null pointers if allocation fails. Malloc and calloc can also allocate memory, while free deallocates memory allocated by malloc and calloc.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views13 pages

    StrukturData 06 Memory Allocation

    Uploaded by

    Brifen Harlon Januardo Sinaga
    This document discusses memory allocation in C++. It explains that memory can be allocated statically at compile time or dynamically at runtime. Dynamic allocation uses operators like new and delete to allocate and free memory respectively. It allocates memory from the heap and returns a pointer, and discusses checking for null pointers if allocation fails. Malloc and calloc can also allocate memory, while free deallocates memory allocated by malloc and calloc.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Mata Kuliah : Algoritma dan Struktur Data

    Tahun Ajaran : 2019/2020

    Memory Allocation
    Tue, Nov 5, 2019

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI
    INFORMASI
    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    What is Memory Allocation
    • Memory allocation is the process of setting aside
    sections of memory in a program to be used to store
    variables, and instances of structures and classes.
    • There are two ways via which memories can be
    allocated for storing data:
    1. Static allocation
    2. Dynamic allocation

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Compile-time or Static allocation
    Compile time allocation or static allocation of
    memory: where the memory for named variables is
    allocated by the compiler. Exact size and storage must be
    known at compile time and for array declaration, the
    size has to be constant.

    int x, y;
    float a[5];

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Dynamic memory allocation
    Runtime allocation or dynamic allocation of
    memory: where the memory is allocated at runtime and
    the allocation of memory space is done dynamically
    within the program run and the memory segment is
    known as a heap or the free store. In this case, the exact
    space or number of the item does not have to be known
    by the compiler in advance. Pointers play a major role in
    this case.

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Dynamic memory allocation
    Dynamic allocation requires two criteria:
    1. Creating the dynamic space in memory
    2. Storing its address in a pointer (so that space can be
    accessed)
    Memory de-allocation is also a part of this concept
    where the "clean-up" of space is done for variables or
    other data storage. It is the job of the programmer to de-
    allocate dynamically created space. For de-allocating
    dynamic memory, we use the delete operator. In other
    words, dynamic memory Allocation refers to performing
    memory management for dynamic memory allocation
    manually.
    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Dynamic memory allocation
    The major difference between static and dynamic
    memory allocations are:

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Dynamic memory allocation
    C++ defines two unary operators new and delete that
    perform the task of allocating and deallocating memory
    during runtime. Since these operators (new and delete)
    operate upon free store memory (Heap memory), they
    are also called free store operator. Pointers provide the
    necessary support for dynamic memory allocation
    system in C++.

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Allocation of Memory using new Keyword
    • In C++ the new operator is used to allocate memory at
    runtime and the memory is allocated in bytes.
    The new operator denotes a request for dynamic memory
    allocation on the Heap. If sufficient memory is available
    then the new operator initializes the memory and returns
    the address of the newly allocated and initialized memory
    to the pointer variable.
    • Syntax:
    datatype *pointer_variable = new datatype;
    OR
    datatype *pointer_variable;
    pointer_variable = new datatype;
    OR
    pointer-variable = new data-type[size];
    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    What if enough memory is not available during
    runtime?
    • If enough memory is not available in the heap to
    allocate, the new request indicates failure by throwing
    an exception of type std::bad_alloc, unless “nothrow” is
    used with the new operator, in which case it returns a
    NULL pointer. Therefore, it may be good idea to check
    for the pointer variable produced by new before using
    it program.
    • Example:
    int *p = new(nothrow) int;
    if (!p) {
    cout << "Memory allocation failed\n";
    }
    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Deallocation of memory using delete Keyword
    • Once heap memory is allocated to a variable or class
    object using the new keyword, we can deallocate that
    memory space using the delete keyword.
    • Example:
    delete pointer_variable;
    //pointer_variable is the pointer that points
    //to the data object created by new.
    delete[] pointer_variable;
    //To free the dynamically allocated array
    //memory pointed by pointer-variable we use
    //the following form of delete:

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Memory allocation using malloc ()
    • “malloc” or “memory allocation” method is used to
    dynamically allocate a single large block of memory
    with the specified size. It returns a pointer of type void
    which can be cast into a pointer of any form.
    Syntax:
    ptr = (cast-type*) malloc(byte-size)

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Memory allocation using calloc ()
    • “calloc” or “contiguous allocation” method is used to
    dynamically allocate the specified number of blocks of
    memory of the specified type. It initializes each block
    with a default value ‘0’.
    Syntax:
    ptr = (cast-type*)calloc(n, element-size);

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA
    Deallocating Memory Using Free
    • “free” method is used to dynamically de-allocate the memory.
    The memory allocated using functions malloc() and calloc() are
    not de-allocated on their own. Hence the free() method is used,
    whenever the dynamic memory allocation takes place. It helps
    to reduce wastage of memory by freeing it.
    • Syntax:

    free(ptr);

    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


    UNIVERSITAS ADVENT INDONESIA

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