This document discusses physical attractiveness from different cultural perspectives. It describes how the golden ratio relates to facial symmetry and proportions that are commonly found attractive. Both men and women are generally programmed to find clean, healthy features attractive as signs of good genes and fertility. However, beauty standards vary across cultures, as seen in practices like scarification in some African cultures versus eye makeup in European cultures. The document also examines how perceptions of beauty relate to signaling youth, fertility and status through features like cheekbones and jawlines.
This document discusses physical attractiveness from different cultural perspectives. It describes how the golden ratio relates to facial symmetry and proportions that are commonly found attractive. Both men and women are generally programmed to find clean, healthy features attractive as signs of good genes and fertility. However, beauty standards vary across cultures, as seen in practices like scarification in some African cultures versus eye makeup in European cultures. The document also examines how perceptions of beauty relate to signaling youth, fertility and status through features like cheekbones and jawlines.
This document discusses physical attractiveness from different cultural perspectives. It describes how the golden ratio relates to facial symmetry and proportions that are commonly found attractive. Both men and women are generally programmed to find clean, healthy features attractive as signs of good genes and fertility. However, beauty standards vary across cultures, as seen in practices like scarification in some African cultures versus eye makeup in European cultures. The document also examines how perceptions of beauty relate to signaling youth, fertility and status through features like cheekbones and jawlines.
This document discusses physical attractiveness from different cultural perspectives. It describes how the golden ratio relates to facial symmetry and proportions that are commonly found attractive. Both men and women are generally programmed to find clean, healthy features attractive as signs of good genes and fertility. However, beauty standards vary across cultures, as seen in practices like scarification in some African cultures versus eye makeup in European cultures. The document also examines how perceptions of beauty relate to signaling youth, fertility and status through features like cheekbones and jawlines.
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PHYSICAL SELF • Even when viewed from the side, the
human head illustrates the Divine Proportion.
What do men and women find attractive? The first golden section (blue) from the front ❑Symmetrical features of the face of the head defines the position of the ear ❑Cleanliness opening. The successive golden sections ❑Graceful use of clothing define the neck (yellow), the back of the eye ❑Hair and Skin (green) and the front of the eye and back of the nose and mouth (magenta). The ❑Scarred and adorned skin dimensions of the face from top to bottom ❑Nose ❑Thick eyebrows also exhibit the Divine Proportion, in the ❑High cheekbones ❑Full lips positions of the eye brow (blue), nose ❑Large eyes ❑Small face (yellow) and mouth (green and magenta). The ear reflects the shape of a Fibonacci THE PHYSICAL SELF: spiral. The self as impacted by the body BOTH MEN AND WOMEN SHOULD BE • The importance of beauty PROGRAMMED TO FIND BEAUTIFUL • The impact of culture on body image and • Clean and unblemished skin body self-esteem. • Thick and shiny hair • Symmetrical faces • The Golden Ratio is what we call an ---- indicates good health and good genes. irrational number: it has an infinite number of decimal places and it never repeats itself! FACES Generally, we round the Golden Ratio to • FACES that are average rather than 1.618. extreme tend to be ranked most attractive in • Beauty is in the eye of the beholder which cross-cultural studies. can vary by race, culture or era. • Average features are considered beautiful • This two-dimensional visual of the human because they too signify good health and face is based upon the Golden Ratio. This good genes special number is believed to symbolize perfect natural harmony. • Unusual facial features are often judged as more beautiful than those are not; rarity then can often indicate beauty and are certainly noticed more often than those that are average. FEMALE BEAUTY • Is a combination of features that indicate YOUTH and FERTILITY. In that sense, beauty is temporary--- even the most beautiful woman will become old, losing what once made her beautiful. Women are attractive with: • High cheekbones • Full lips • Narrow jaw - because those features signify low testosterone and high estrogen • Large eyes – signal youth and fertility FEMALE BEAUTY ACROSS DIFFERENT SHORTTERM, rather than LONG-TERM CULTURES relationships. • Roman women use the powdered form of BEAUTY the metal antimony in the eyes to make the • Entirely or partially constructed from whites sparkle and lampblack to line their CULTURAL STANDARDS. eyebrows. • It is important. It matters. We notice • European women (16th–17th century) people’s faces immediately upon meeting – “bella donna” (beautiful lady) put eye drops them, and what we see affects what we think into their eyes to make their retinas appear about them. larger. GREEKS • South Korean women wear big eye • Symmetrical, in harmony and in proportion. contacts to make their eyes appear large. • Two-thirds as wide as it was high and it FEMALE BEAUTY could be divided into thirds, from chin to • Since women are considered beautiful upper lip, from upper lip to eyes, and from when they display asset of features that eyes to hairline. indicate YOUTH AND FERTILITY, beautiful women display a combination of ADULT • “GOLDEN RATIO” (Golden Section or BEAUTY and BABY BEAUTY. Golden Mean) by Pythagoras - mathematical concept could provide the • Cuteness – refers primarily to “baby beauty” mathematical model for the most beautiful and features a small face, big eyes, a small face. mouth and a large head. - mathematical number known as phi. • Parental love is triggered by the presence - Stephen Marquardt, cosmetic surgeon, of these features, which is why they are revived the theory and began mapping present in all mammal babies. beautiful faces. - “the Golden Mask” a visual • They are also highlighted in some areas of representation of the proportions that popular culture and especially POP should be found on a beautiful face CULTURE from JAPAN (anime, manga, (ideal mouth is 1.618 times wider Hello Kitty, and Ulzang from SK). than the nose). MALE BEAUTY INDIANS • Women are thought to look for indicators of •The traditional ideals of beauty include: high TESTOSTERONE in men’s faces, such •Cleanliness as: •Graceful use of clothing • Strong jaws •How a woman carries herself • Heavy eyebrows •Her skin and hair should be well • Thin lips cared of • Broad cheekbones, which indicate both •Wearing of the “bindi” on the good genes as well as the propensity to forehead. attain high status. • Women who are not ovulating respond less well to a hyper-masculine face • Women are attracted to different types of faces when they are looking for • Belk (1988) - “knowingly or unknowingly, intentionally or unintentionally, we regard our possessions as parts of ourselves. • Enhancing these self-constructions are various possessions, which are regarded by their owners as having different degrees of centrality to one or more of their individual or aggregate senses of self. The focus on possessions rather than brands highlighted the singularity of our relation with objects once they are separated from their commodity origins.
AFRICANS • Belk (1988) summarized that “the major
• Unadorned skin is seen as unattractive categories of extended self [are our] body, internal processes, ideas, and experiences, • Only woman whose body or face is marked and those persons, places, and things to through scarification would be considered which one feels attached. beautiful – the scars are both beautiful to touch and to look at. • Belk (1988) noted that possessions comprising the extended self serve not only • Large plates inserted into the lower lip (and as cues for others to form impressions about sometimes upper as well), which made a us but also as markers for individual and woman more beautiful and marriageable. collective memory. HIMBA OF NAMIBIA • The self was expected to continually • Rub their bodies in red ochre to celebrate change over the life course, and the fertility of earth and the life-giving photographs, gifts, and souvenirs were seen qualities of blood, and which also make them as prominent among the objects anchoring quite lovely. an individual’s or group’s memories of such change. Inevitably it was not simply facts but EUROPEANS emotions that were found to be cured by • Long nose came to signify beauty around these objects. the world, people in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia, prior to colonization, considered FLAT NOSES to be the most attractive. JAPANESE •The ideal female beauty was symbolized by the “geisha”, who wore thick white face paint, shaved eyebrows and painted on both thick black eyebrows and rosebud lips. •JAPANESE blackened their teeth. SEXUAL SELF fastest growing HIV epidemic in the Asia- Pacific region in recent years. • One in ten young filipino women age 15 to 19 is already a mother or pregnant with first THE BIOLOGY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR child (Final Results from the 2013 National • Refers to a broad spectrum in which Demographic and Health Survey). humans display their sexuality. • 8 percent are already mothers and another • Consists of the actions that relate to sex, 2 percent are pregnant with their first child. reproduction, and satisfaction through stimulation of sexual organs. • Among young adult women age 20 to 24, 43 percent are already mothers and 4 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM percent are pregnant with their first child. • FEMALES: External genitalia (VULVA) Internal • 44 percent for women with elementary education versus 21 percent for women with • Reproductive organs: Ovaries, Uterus, college education. Fallopian Tubes, Vagina • The survey also reveals that one in five (19 • MALES: Penis and Testicles percent) young adult Filipino women age 18 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM to 24 years had initiated their sexual activity before age 18. • The survey reveals that 15 percent of young adult women age 20 to 24 had their first marriage or began living with their first spouse or partner by age 18. • New HIV cases continued to increase in 2017, with a 3,147 percent surge since 2007 • In a February 2018 report, the DOH said 11,103 new cases were reported in 2017, up 19.85 percent from the 9,264 cases in 2016. • Compared with the 342 HIV infections • UTERUS reported in 2007, the 2017 figure is 3,147 - Once the egg has left the ovary it percent higher. can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus. The main • In contrast, new HIV cases reported function of the uterus is to nourish the worldwide had gone down, from 2.1 million in developing fetus prior to birth. 2015 to 1.8 million in 2016, according to the latest figures provided by the World Health Organization and the UN AIDS Programme. • THE OVARIES • The health department said of the new -The ovary is an organ found in the cases in 2017, more than 95 percent female reproductive system that involved male transmission. A total of 38 produces an ovum. When released, cases involved minors under 15 years old. this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become • In terms of percentage increase, the UN fertilized by a sperm. said in August 2017 the country has the • Females have a monthly reproductive SOLITARY BEHAVIOR cycle; at certain intervals the ovaries release • Self-gratification means self-stimulation an egg, which passes through the fallopian that leads to sexual arousal and generally, tube into the uterus. sexual climax. • If, in this transit, it meets with sperm, the • Usually, takes place in private, but can also sperm might penetrate and merge with the be done in a sociosexual relationship. egg, fertilizing it. • Generally, begins at or before puberty and THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM very common among males but becomes less frequent when sociosexual activity is available. SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR • This usually begins in childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining genitalia. • Petting may be done as an expression of affection and a source of pleasure, preliminary to coitus. • Males also have both internal and external THE SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE genitalia that are responsible for procreation • Sexual motivation, often referred to as and sexual intercourse. libido, is a person's overall sexual drive or • The main male sex organs are the penis desire for sexual activity. and the testicles, the latter of which produce • This is motivated by biological, semen and sperm. psychological, and social factors. • Males produce their sperm on a cycle, and • In most mammals, sex hormones control unlike the female's ovulation cycle, the male the ability to engage in sexual behaviors. sperm production cycle is constantly producing millions of sperm daily. • However, sex hormones do not directly regulate the ability to copulate in humans. • The semen and sperm, as a result of sexual intercourse, can fertilize an ovum in the • They are influenced on the motivation to female's body; the fertilized ovum (zygote) engage in sexual behaviors. develops into a fetus, which is later born as a child. THE SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE • Desire phase HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR - Sexual urges occur in response to • This is defined as any activity – solitary, sexual cues or fantasies. between two persons, or in a group – that induces sexual arousal. • Arousal Stage - A subjective sense of sexual pleasure • The inherited sexual response patterns. and physiological signs of sexual arousal: in males: penile tumescence • The degree of restraint or other types of (increased flow of blood into the influence exerted on the individual by society penis); in females: vasocongestion in the expression of his sexuality. (blood pools in the pelvic area) leading to vaginal lubrication and • Plateau breast tumescence (erect nipples). - The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow, and the vaginal • Plateau phase walls turn a dark purple. - Brief period of time before orgasm. - The woman's clitoris becomes highly • Orgasm phase sensitive (may even be painful to - In males, feelings of the inevitability touch) and retracts under the clitoral of ejaculation, followed by hood to avoid direct stimulation from ejaculation; in females, contractions the penis of the walls of the lower third of the - The man's testicles are withdrawn up vagina. into the scrotum. - Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, • Resolution phase face, and hands. - Decrease in arousal occurs after orgasm (particularly in men). SEXUAL CLIMAX • Involuntary muscle contractions begin. • The sexual response cycle is a model that describes the physiological responses that • Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing take place during sexual activity. are at their highest rates, with a rapid intake of oxygen. • According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the cycle consists of four phases. •In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus also undergoes Excitement Phase: rhythmic contractions. • Desire – sexual urges occur in response to sexual cues or fantasies. • In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis result in the • Arousal – a subjective sense of sexual ejaculation of semen. pleasure and physiological signs of sexual arousal. RESOLUTION • During resolution, the body slowly returns • Penile Tumescence – increased flow of to its normal level of functioning, and swelled blood into penis. and erect body parts return to their previous • Vasocongestion – blood pools in the pelvic size and color. area leading to vaginal lubrication and breast • This phase is marked by a general sense of tumescence. wellbeing, enhanced intimacy and, often, ▪ Muscle tension increases fatigue. ▪ Heart rate quickens and breathing is • Some women are capable of a rapid return accelerated to the orgasm phase with further sexual ▪ Skin may become flushed stimulation and may experience multiple ▪ Nipples become hardened or erect orgasms. ▪ Blood flow to the genital increases ▪ Vaginal lubrication begins • Men need recovery time after orgasm, ▪ Vaginal walls begin to swell called a refractory period, during which they ▪ Testicles swell, scrotum tightens, secreting cannot reach orgasm again. a lubricating liquid • Hypothalamus - is a small area in the center of the brain that has many jobs. It plays an important role in hormone production • Chlamydia and helps to stimulate many - is a common sexually transmitted important processes in the body. disease. It is caused by bacteria - The body's normal, balanced state of called Chlamydia trachomatis. being is known as homeostasis. The - It can infect both men and women. body is always trying to achieve this - Women can get chlamydia in the balance. The main job of the cervix, rectum, or throat. Men can get hypothalamus to keep the body in this chlamydia in the urethra (inside the state as much as possible. penis), rectum, or throat. - Abnormal vaginal discharge, which • Studies with lab animals have shown that may have a strong smell, a burning destruction of certain areas of the sensation when urinating, pain during hypothalamus causes complete elimination intercourse. of sexual behavior. - Discharge from your penis, a burning sensation when urinating, burning or ▪ Body Temperature itching around the opening of your ▪ Thirst penis, pain and swelling in one or ▪ Appetite and weight control both testicles (although this is less ▪ Emotions common). ▪ Sleep Cycles - In women, an untreated infection can ▪ Sex Behaviors spread to your uterus and fallopian ▪ Childbirth tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory ▪ Blood Pressure and Heart Rate disease (PID). PID can cause ▪ Balancing bodily fluids permanent damage to your NEUROTRANSMITTER reproductive system. This can lead to • Dopamine is a “reward chemical” because long term pelvic pain, infertility, and it saturates the brain with a feeling of ectopic pregnancy. exhilaration when a person engages in • Gonorrhea certain activities (in this case sex). - It can cause infections in the genitals, • Dopamine is the chemical that is rectum, and throat. It is a very responsible for the addictive nature of sex. common infection, especially among young people ages 15-24 years. Examples of Risky Sexual Behavior - You can get gonorrhea by having ▪ Unprotected sex vaginal, anal, or oral sex with ▪ Multiple sexual partners someone who has gonorrhea. A ▪ Anal sex pregnant woman with gonorrhea can ▪ Sex and drugs give the infection to her baby during ▪ Paying for sex childbirth. - Painful or burning sensation when SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES urinating; Increased vaginal • STDs are infections transmitted from an discharge; Vaginal bleeding between infected person to an uninfected person. periods. Discharge; Anal itching; • Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, Soreness; Bleeding; Painful bowel parasites. movements. •Syphilis Think of your last expensive purchase - A person with primary syphilis • Was it a need? Or a want? generally has a sore or sores at the • “Comforts” versus “pleasures” original site of infection. These sores (Skivotsky, 1976). usually occur on or around the genitals, around the anus or in the • People in industrialized countries rectum, or in or around the mouth. pursued comforts to the detriment of These sores are usually (but not pleasures live in a “joyless economy” always) firm, round, and painless. (Skivotsky, 1976). - Symptoms of secondary syphilis include skin rash, swollen lymph • Materialism nodes, and fever. The signs and - is a personal attitude which attaches symptoms of primary and secondary importance to acquiring and syphilis can be mild, and they might consuming material goods not be noticed. • As a personality trait, it includes three - During the latent stage, there are no original personality trait – nongenerosity, signs or symptoms. Tertiary syphilis envy, and possessiveness. is associated with severe medical problems. A doctor can usually • As a value, it promotes acquisition diagnose tertiary syphilis with the centrality, the belief that possessions are help of multiple tests. It can affect the the key to happiness and that success heart, brain, and other organs of the can be judged by a person's material body. wealth and the quality and price of - Neurosyphilis and Ocular Syphilis material goods she or he can buy. severe headache; difficulty On Materialism and Happiness coordinating muscle movements; • Using two measures of subjective paralysis (not able to move certain wellbeing, one study found that parts of your body); numbness; and materialism was negatively related to dementia (mental disorder). happiness. • Materialism also positively correlates with more serious psychological issues like depression, narcissism, and MATERIALISTIC AND ECONOMIC SELF paranoia. • Material Self • On the other hand, lower levels of - Refers to tangible objects, people, or wellbeing can cause people to be more places that carry the designation of materialistic in an effort to get external my or mine . gratification. - Bodily self and extracorporeal (beyond the body) self. To Do or To Have? • Experiential Purchases – those purchases made with the primary intention of acquiring a life experience; an event, or a series of events that one “consumes”. • Material Purchases – those purchases made with the William James’ Spiritual Self primary intention of acquiring a • He equated religion with spirituality, that is, material possession; a tangible in relation to the divine. However, he object physically retained in one’s disregarded institutional religion. Spirituality possession. is more related to the character of the person or the personality of an individual What makes experience more satisfying? • Experiences improve with time. • Spirituality is faith in God. ▪ Experiences give us pleasure in ▪ Trusting God during hard times, and retrospect – in the memories we religious adherence. revisit and the stories we tell. • Spirituality having a relationship with God. • Experiences are resistant to advantageous ▪ Claiming God as a friend and having comparisons. a special connection with Him ▪ Social comparisons and through the Holy Spirit. counterfactual comparisons can diminish the subjective value of • Spirituality is having a positive character. material possessions. ▪ It is about developing a good character, which meant being moral, • Experiences have more social value. optimistic and steadfast in times of ▪ Experiences are more likely than difficulties. material possessions to foster social • Religiosity is devotion to God. relationships. ▪ Obeying God’s commandments, reading and following the bible, and surrendering to God’s will. • Religiosity is participation in religious SPIRITUAL SELF activities. Is religiosity different from spirituality? ▪ Going to mass and confessions, • Some people identify themselves as praying the rosary and novena, and “spiritual and religious” but others identify attending religious processions. themselves as “spiritual but not religious”. • Religiosity is being moral. • Recent qualitative findings showed that ▪ Knowing what is right and wrong, Filipino youth view religiosity and spirituality and avoiding committing sins. as overlapping constructs (Ocampo et. al., How do Filipinos develop their spirituality? 2013). • Through the influence of socialization • Religion agents. - usually connotes specific behavioral, ▪ The family exposes us to religious beliefs doctrinal, and institutional features. and practices. Friends, relatives, and teachers who provide opportunities to • Spirituality participate in religious activities also serve - is typically used to represent an a role in the development of our spirituality. individual’s subjective experiences in attempting to understand life’s • By having a role in a religious community. ultimate questions and find meaning ▪ Allowing young persons to have and purpose that transcend the participation in a special way to the concerns of mundane life. community they belong to imbues their lives with meaning. • Through challenging personal experiences. traditional practices such as hilot or ▪ Overcoming difficult life experiences massage. and remorse for recalcitrance aids in developing one’s spirituality. How were the Pre-colonial Filipinos “Christianized”? • Through encountering some blocks in • Mass baptism spirituality. • Reduccion policies • Attitude of the Spanish clergy in the early ▪ Having weak faith in God, materialistic phase concerns, influence of negative models, • Adaptation of Christianity to the local and preoccupation with personal problems. context Early Filipino religious beliefs • “Spanish colonials built a Church on a • The 175 ethnolinguistic groups of the foundation of native religions that Philippines each had their own form of worshipped a plethora of gods, goddesses indigenous government prior to Islam and and demigods...The Spaniards did not Catholicism. obliterate these earlier religions but brought • Characterized as animistic, commonly in a more powerful God.” referred to as Anitism or Bathalism, or the -James Goodno, The Philippines: more modern, less Tagalog-centric Land of Broken Promises Dayawism. Modern Catholicism: Folk Catholicism • These beliefs now constitute the Philippine • Self-flagellation and crucifixion Mythology. • Spiritual healing using baptismal water • Cult of the Virgin Mary Prior to Spanish colonizers, early Filipinos • Veneration of Saints believe that: • Cult of the Child Jesus • There is a parallel spirit world. • Anting-anting or amulets • There were spirits (anito) everywhere. • Death and other rituals
• The events in the human world were
influenced by the actions and interventions of these spirits. POLITICAL SELF Babaylan • Women or feminized men of the various • Politics ethnic groups of the pre-colonial Philippine - The art or science concerned with Islands. winning and holding control over a government. • Works as spirit mediums and have spirit guides or spirit companions. • The art or science of concerned with guiding or influencing governmental policy. • Specializations: Healing and herbalism, divination, and sorcery. • Basically rooted with in the home. ▪ Parents Albularyo ▪ Siblings • Or arbularyo, is a witch doctor commonly found in the more rural areas of the • Citizenship Philippines who heals using herbs or - The most basic identification with the nation and as such, oriented towards the state and its expression in law • Growing Up in a Muslim Filipino and policies. Community - Citizenship was frequently described • Growing Up in Four Marginal in terms of attributes associated with Philippine Communities of the belonging to a larger community and Christian Majority process by which citizens negotiate • Growing Up in an Urban Poor the nature and extent of rights as Community individuals and their obligation to • Growing Up in a Developmental community. Community • Analysis of Philippine Educational • Democracy Policy - The process of fundamentally, a way of life, a means of relating with other Barriers and Bridges of Democratic Culture individuals, groups and the state, and • Poverty collective process of decision-making • Corruption in order to attain political liberty, • Patrimonialism social justice, and equality. • Personalism • Inequality Becoming a Filipino Citizen • The awareness and understanding of self • If the government officials and the society and community are both the foundation of cooperate with each other, respect each democratic practice and result of it. other, know how to handle situations or Citizenship, by convention, is the most basic problems, this will lead to a better democratic identification with the nation and as such, is government. oriented towards the state and its expression in law and policy. Filipino Values and Traits • The Filipino Hospitality • Participatory, Redistributive Democracy • Respect for Elders • Identity and a Sense of Belonging • Close Family Ties • Effective Citizenship in Democracy • Cheerful Personality • Self-sacrifice An Overview of Filipino Perspectives on • Bayanihan Democracy and Citizenship • Bahala na Attitude • Micro-order • Colonial Mentality ▪ Family • Manana Habit ▪ Peers • Ningas Kugon ▪ Schools • Pride ▪ Local Church • Crab Mentality An Overview of Filipino Perspectives on • Filipino Time Democracy and Citizenship Filipino Markers Macro-order • Proverbs or Salawikain ▪ Economic Systems • Superstitions ▪ Political Systems • Myths and Legends ▪ Cultural Systems • Heroes and Icons • Growing up in a Traditional Oral Community How to Be A Good Filipino • Growing Up in Two Transitional 1. Be an active Filipino citizen Communities 2. Study the Philippine History 3. Support local products SELECTIVE SELF-PRESENTATION AND 4. Speak the Filipino language IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT 5. Do not spread fake news and be • Self-presentation democratic in engaging with dissent – process of controlling how one is perceived by other people (Golfman, Application/Assessment 1959 and Leary,1995) • Make an acrostic which will describe you, in relation to your being a Filipino • Anything posted online should be F considered “public” no matter what our I “privacy” settings are. L • Personal Identity I P – interpersonal level of self which I differentiates the individual as unique N from others. O • Social Identity - level of self whereby the individual is identified by his or her group memberships. DIGITAL SELF • Social media friends are more updated about their daily activities, connections and • Almost two-thirds of the world’s population thoughts than their immediate families. now has a mobile phone. • Diaries that were once private or shared • More than half of the world’s web traffic now only with friends are now posted as blogs comes from mobile phones. which can be viewed by anyone. • More than half of all mobile connections • Before, photographers are not visible but around the world are now “broadband”. now, the trend is arms-length self- • More than one in five of the world’s photography (selfie/groupie). population shopped online in the past 30 • Family album turned to individual photo days. gallery. • Online Identity Results: - The sum of all our characteristics and •Phenomenon of oversharing our interactions. • “fear of missing out” • Partial Identity • People would like to remain updated - Subset of characteristics that make and they keep on sharing online up our identity. because it adds a sense of • Persona confidence. - partial identity we create that • Disinhibition effect represents ourselves in a specific • Causes people to believe that they situation. are able to express their true self better online. • “Confessions, along with contemplation, self-examination, learning, reading and writing self-critical letters to friends are a part of “technologies of the self” through which we seek to purge and cleanse ourselves” – (Foucault, 1998) • We should have a filtering system to whatever we share online and information we believe in which are being shared or posted by others online. Setting Boundaries to Your Online Self: Smart Sharing
Before posting or sharing anything online,
consider the following: • Is this post/story necessary? • Is there a real benefit to this post? Is it funny, warm-hearted, teachable – or am I just making noise online without purpose? • Will this seem funny in 5,10, or 15 years? Or is this post better suited for sharing with a small group of family members? Or maybe not at all. • Have we (as a family or parent/child) resolved this issue? An issue that is still being worked out at home, or one that is either vulnerable or highly emotional, should not be made public. • Is it appropriate? Does it stay within the boundaries of our family values? Additional guidelines for proper sharing of information and ethical use of the internet: • Stick to safer sites. • Guard your passwords. • Limit what you share • Remember that anything you put online or post on a site is there forever, even if you try to delete it. •Do not be mean or embarrass other people online. •Always tell if you see strange or bad behavior online. •Be choosy about your online friends. •Be patient.