Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 34 views

    Music History 4

    Uploaded by

    Adam
    The document discusses secular music from the Medieval period including dance music, instruments, and secular singing traditions. It provides biographical information on Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, a troubadour and later knight from the late 12th century. The document also covers topics related to early polyphony such as organum, including parallel organum with consonant intervals and later developments allowing more freedom of melodic motion. It discusses the Notre Dame School and key figures such as Leonin and Perotin who advanced polyphonic composition through works like the Magnus Liber Organi. An example work "Alleluia Nativitas" by Perotin is described with a three voice texture including a plainchant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Music History 4

    Uploaded by

    Adam
    34 views16 pages
    The document discusses secular music from the Medieval period including dance music, instruments, and secular singing traditions. It provides biographical information on Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, a troubadour and later knight from the late 12th century. The document also covers topics related to early polyphony such as organum, including parallel organum with consonant intervals and later developments allowing more freedom of melodic motion. It discusses the Notre Dame School and key figures such as Leonin and Perotin who advanced polyphonic composition through works like the Magnus Liber Organi. An example work "Alleluia Nativitas" by Perotin is described with a three voice texture including a plainchant

    Original Description:

    Music History 4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses secular music from the Medieval period including dance music, instruments, and secular singing traditions. It provides biographical information on Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, a troubadour and later knight from the late 12th century. The document also covers topics related to early polyphony such as organum, including parallel organum with consonant intervals and later developments allowing more freedom of melodic motion. It discusses the Notre Dame School and key figures such as Leonin and Perotin who advanced polyphonic composition through works like the Magnus Liber Organi. An example work "Alleluia Nativitas" by Perotin is described with a three voice texture including a plainchant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views16 pages

    Music History 4

    Uploaded by

    Adam
    The document discusses secular music from the Medieval period including dance music, instruments, and secular singing traditions. It provides biographical information on Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, a troubadour and later knight from the late 12th century. The document also covers topics related to early polyphony such as organum, including parallel organum with consonant intervals and later developments allowing more freedom of melodic motion. It discusses the Notre Dame School and key figures such as Leonin and Perotin who advanced polyphonic composition through works like the Magnus Liber Organi. An example work "Alleluia Nativitas" by Perotin is described with a three voice texture including a plainchant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Secular Music

    Instruments and Dancing

    KM Music Conservatory
    Dance Music
    • It’s got a beat and you can dance to it!
    • Carole – circle dance (singers & dancers)
    • Sung in the vernacular
    • Estampie – instrumental dance
    – Open and closed cadences

    KM Music Conservatory
    Raimbaut De Vaqueiras
    • ca. 1180-1207
    • Lived mainly in what
    is now Italy
    • Troubadour, later a
    knight
    • Joined the 4th
    crusades

    KM Music Conservatory
    Melodic Analysis
    Melodic construction
    • Pitch: what pitches does the melody use?
    • Range: what are the lowest and highest notes?
    • Scale/key: what system do the pitches belong to?
    • Shape: what is the melodic contour?
    • Perceptual coherence: does the melody have patterns you can
    recognise?
    Melodic movement:
    • Intervals?
    • Conjunct (step-wise) or disjunct (leaps) motion?
    Text setting
    • Syllabic (1 note per syllable) or melismatic (Several notes per
    syllable)?

    KM Music Conservatory
    “Kalenda Maia”,
    Raimbaut de Vaqueiras

    KM Music Conservatory
    Early Harmony

    Two notes at once!


    What will they think of next?

    KM Music Conservatory
    Organum
    • Embellishes plainchant by adding additional voices;
    developed in several stages between 900 and 1300
    • In early parallel organum, a 2nd melodic line moves in
    parallel a 4th or 5th below the chant.

    • This produces a deeper effect than monophonic


    plainchant, with a bare sounding harmony.
    KM Music Conservatory
    Organum
    • Musica enchiriadis (c.900) – a theoretical treatise that explains
    rules of creating organum
    • Principal voice – original
    • Organal voice – added voice
    • Consonant intervals - Perfect 4, 5 and 8 (stable and
    acceptable)
    • Occasionally altering of the organal voice was necessary to
    avoid creating tritones (Augmented 4th/Diminished 5th)
    • Later, the tritone was referred to as Diabolus
    in musica – ‘the Devil in music’!

    KM Music Conservatory
    More Monty Python! Really???
    Yes!

    KM Music Conservatory
    Organum
    • Overtime, the organal voice acquired more freedom
    • It could appear above or below the principal voice
    • Free organum could involve different types of melodic
    motion: parallel, contrary, oblique and similar

    KM Music Conservatory
    Florid or Melismatic Organum
    • By the late 12th-century, each note of the plainchant was held
    on for longer: this voice became known as the tenor part
    (tenere – to hold, Latin)
    • The upper voice would sing a free-flowing (melismatic)
    melody in shorter note values
    • As a result some passing dissonance was unavoidable

    KM Music Conservatory
    Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris

    • Built between
    1160-1240 in the
    Gothic style
    • The aim was to
    glorify God with
    decorative
    architecture, in the
    same way that
    singing organum
    decorated the
    plainchant.

    KM Music Conservatory
    Notre Dame School
    • During Cathedral construction, musicians at Notre
    Dame were making innovations in polyphonic music
    • Leonin (c.1163-90) and Perotin (c. 1200) compiled a
    Magnus Liber Organi (Great Book of Organum),
    • Book contains musical settings in 2, 3 & 4 voices for
    the entire liturgy.
    – Organum duplum
    – Organum triplum
    – Organum quadruplum

    KM Music Conservatory
    Notre Dame School
    • Music also contained a form of rhythmic
    notation for the first time, using groups of
    notes called ligatures to indicate common
    patterns of longs (long notes) and breves
    (short notes): these patterns changed
    depending on the context and were called
    rhythmic modes
    • (see Grout pp92-4 for more details)

    KM Music Conservatory
    Perotin, “Alleluia Nativitas”

    Alleluia Nativitas gloriose


    virginis Marie ex semine
    Abrahe orta de tribu Juda
    clara ex stripe David.

    O glorious nativity of the Virgin


    Mary, born of the seed of Abraham
    of the tribe of shining Judea,
    out of the stock of David

    KM Music Conservatory
    Perotin, “Alleluia Nativitas”
    • Three voice texture
    • Plainchant drone (A-lle-lu-ia) in lower voice
    • Two organal voices above the chant

    KM Music Conservatory

    You might also like