PHYS 1120 1D Kinematics Solutions
PHYS 1120 1D Kinematics Solutions
PHYS 1120 1D Kinematics Solutions
Questions: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Physics 1120: 1D Kinematics Solutions
1. Initially, a ball has a speed of 5.0 m/s as it rolls up an incline. Some time later, at a distance of 5.5 m up
the incline, the ball has a speed of 1.5 m/s DOWN the incline.
(a) What is the acceleration? What is the average velocity? How much time did this take?
(b) At some point the velocity of the ball had to have been zero. Where and when did this occur?
A welllabeled sketch usually helps make the problem clearer.
(a) Next, we list the list the given information and what we are looking for:
v0 = +5.0 m/s
vf = 1.5 m/s
Δx = +5.5 m
a = ?
vaverage = ?
t = ?
Note that I have taken the direction up the incline as positive and that the signs are explicitly stated. It is a
very common source of error to leave out or to not consider the signs of directions of all vector quantities.
To find the acceleration, we find the kinematics equation that contains a and the given quantities.
Examining our equations we see that we can use . Rearranging this equation to find a
yields . Notice that the acceleration is negative.
This means that the acceleration points down the incline. It means that an object traveling up an incline will
slow, turn around, and roll down the incline.
The average velocity is defined .
To find the time, we find the kinematics equation that contains a and the given quantities. Examining our
equations we see that we can use . Rearranging this equation to find t yields
(b) When an object moving in 1D turns around we know that the object is instantaneously at rest and that
its velocity at that point is v3 = 0. The information that we know is thus:
v0 = +5.0 m/s
v3 = 0 m/s This is our new final velocity
a = 2.068 m/s2 From part (a)
Δx = ?
vaverage = ?
t = ?
Notice that the acceleration is a constant of the motion; it has the same value in both parts of the problem.
To find the displacement from the initial position where the ball turns around, we find the kinematics
equation that contains x and the given quantities. Examining our equations we see that we can use
. Rearranging this equation to find x yields
. Notice that this value is bigger than the original 5.5 m
and is consistent with the sketch, i.e. the ball was farther up the incline when it turned around.
To find the time it takes for the ball to reach the point where it turns around, we find the kinematics
equation that contains t and the given quantities. Examining our equations we see that we can use
. Rearranging this equation to find t yields
.Notice that this value is smaller than the time in part (a) and is consistent with the sketch, i.e. the ball
hasn't come back down the incline yet.
2. A bullet in a rifle accelerates uniformly from rest at a = 70000 m/s2. If the velocity of the bullet as it leaves
the muzzle is 500 m/s, how long is the rifle barrel? How long did it take for the bullet to travel the length of
the barrel? What is the average speed of the bullet?
To solve this problem, we list the list the given information and what we are looking for:
v0 = 0.0 m/s since the bullet is initially at rest
vf = 500 m/s velocity of the bullet as it leaves the barrel
a = 70,000 m/s
Δx = ? the length of the barrel
t = ? the time it takes to travel the barrel
vaverage = ?
To find the length of the barrel, we find the kinematics equation that contains x and the given quantities.
Examining our equations we see that we can use . Rearranging this equation to find a
yields .
To find the time it takes for the bullet to travel the length of barrel, we find the kinematics equation that
contains t and the given quantities. Examining our equations we see that we can use .
Rearranging this equation to find t yields .
The average velocity is defined .
3. A red car is stopped at a red light. As the light turns green, it accelerates forward at 2.00 m/s2. At the
exact same instant, a blue car passes by traveling at 62.0 km/h. When and how far down the road will the
cars again meet? Sketch the d versus t motion for each car on the same graph. What was the average
velocity of the red car for this time interval? For the blue car? Compare the two and explain the result?
To solve this problem, we list the list the given information
Red Car Blue Car
v0 red = 0.0 m/s v0 blue = 62.0 km/h = 17.222 m/s
ared = 2.00 m/s2 ablue = 0 m/s2 (constant velocity)
Δxred = ? Δxblue = ?
tred = ? tblue = ?
This is an example of a twobody constrained kinematics problem. Even if a sketch was not explicitly
required, we would need one anyway to get the constraints. For the sketch, recall that on a d versus t
curve an object moving forward with a uniform acceleration should be represented by a line curving
upwards while an object with constant forward velocity is represented by a straight line with a positive
slope.
Looking at the sketch, we see that our constraints are:
Δxred = Δxblue (1), and
tred = tblue (2). .
To solve the problem, we must find the kinematics equation that contains the known quantities, v0 and a,
and the unknown quantities, Δx and t. Examining our equations we see that we can use Δx= v0t + ½at2.
We substitute this equation into both sides of equation (1). This yields,
v0 redtred + ½ared(tred)2 = v0 bluetblue + ½ablue(tblue)2.
We then use equation (2) to replace tred and tblue by t,
v0 redt + ½aredt2 = v0 bluet + ½abluet2.
Plugging in the values of the given quantities yields,
½(2.00)t2= 17.2t.
The solution of this equation is t = 17.222 seconds. This is the time that elapses before the two cars meet
again.
With a value for t, we can find how far down the road the red car has traveled;
Δxred = v0 redt + ½aredt2 = ½(2.00)(17.2)2 = 297 m.
As a check, we can find how far down the road the blue car has traveled;
Δxblue = v0 bluet + ½abluet2 = (17.2)(17.2) = 297 m.
So the cars meet 297 m down the road.
According to our definition of average velocity, vaverage red= Δxred/t = (297 m)/(17.2 s) = 17.2 m/s.
Since the blue car maintains a constant velocity, vaverage blue= v0 blue = 17.2 m/s. The two quantities are
the same since the two cars have traveled the same distance in the same amount of time.
4. A speeding motorist traveling down a straight highway at 110 km/h passes a parked patrol car. It takes
the police constable 1.0 s to take a radar reading and to start up his car. The police vehicle accelerates
from rest at 2.1 m/s2. When the constable catches up with the speeder, how far down the road are they
and how much time has elapsed since the two cars passed one another?
To solve this problem, we list the list the given information
Constable Motorist
v0 police = 0.0 m/s v0 speeder = 110 km/h = 30.556 m/s
apolice = 2.00 m/s2 aspeeder = 0 m/s2 (constant velocity)
Δxpolice = ? Δxspeeder = ?
tpolice = ? tspeeder = ?
This is an example of a twobody constrained kinematics problem. We need a sketch to get the
constraints. For the sketch, recall that on a d versus t curve an object moving forward with a uniform
acceleration should be represented by a line curving upwards while an object with constant forward
velocity is represented by a straight line with a positive slope.
Looking at the sketch, we see that our constraints are:
Δxspeeder = Δxpolice (1), and
tspeeder = tpolice + 1 (2). .
To solve the problem, we must find the kinematics equation that contains the known quantities, v0 and a,
and the unknown quantities, Δx and t. Examining our equations we see that we can use Δx= v0t + ½at2.
We substitute this equation into both sides of equation (1). This yields,
v0 speedertspeeder + ½aspeeder(tspeeder)2= v0 policetpolice + ½apolice (tpolice)2.
We then use equation (2) to replace tspeeder by tpolice + 1,
v0 speeder (tpolice + 1) + ½aspeeder(tpolice + 1)2 = v0 policetpolice + ½apolice (tpolice)2.
Plugging in the values of the given quantities yields,
(30.556)( tpolice + 1) = ½(2.1)(tpolice)2.
This is a quadratic in tpolice. Solving the quadratic yields, tpolice = 30.07 seconds. It takes the police
constable 30.1s to catch up with the speeder. The speeder was traveling for 31.1 s.
With a value for tpolice, we can find how far down the road the police car has traveled;
Δxpolice = v0 policetpolice + ½apolice (tpolice)2 == ½(2.1)(30.07)2 = 949 m.
As a check, we can find how far down the road the speeder's car has traveled;
Δxspeeder = v0 speeder (tpolice + 1) + ½aspeeder(tpolice + 1)2 =30.55631.07 = 949 m.
So the cars meet 949 m down the road.
5. A ball is thrown up into the air with an initial velocity of 12.0 m/s. How long will it be in air before it
returns to its starting height? To what maximum height will it rise?
To solve this problem, we list the list the given information and what we are looking for:
v0 = 12.0 m/s velocity as it leaves the hand
vtop = 0 m/s since it turns around
vf = 12.0 m/s symmetry says it must have this value when it
returns to the same height
a = 9.81 m/s only gravity is acting
Δy = 0 since it returns to the same height
tair = ? the time it takes for the entire trip
tup = tdown = ½tair = ? symmetry requires this
We have lots and lots of information from symmetry. To find tair, choose the kinematics equation that has t
and the known quantities v0, vf, and a, that is vf = v0+ atair. Solving yields tair = (vf v0)/a = (v0v0)/(g)
= 2v0/g = 2.4465 seconds. Hence tup = tdown = 1.2232 s.
To find h, choose the kinematics equation that has Δy (h is a displacement) and the known quantities v0,
vtop, and a, that is . Upon rearrangement, this yields h = Δy = (v0)2/g = 7.34 m.
6. A ball is thrown up into the air and returns to the same level. It is in the air for 3.20 seconds. With what
initial velocity was it thrown? How high did it rise?
To solve this problem, we list the list the given information and what we are looking for:
v0 = ? velocity as it leaves the hand
vtop = 0 m/s since it turns around
symmetry says it must have this
vf = v0 value when it returns to the same
height
a = 9.81 m/s only gravity is acting
Δy = 0 since it returns to the same height
tair = 3.20 s the time it takes for the entire trip
tup = tdown = ½tair = 1.60 s symmetry requires this
We have lots and lots of information from symmetry. To find v0, choose the kinematics equation that has
v0 and the known quantities, vf = v0 , tair and a, that is vf = v0+ atair. Eliminating vf yields v0 = v0 gtair.
Rearranging gives v0 = gtair/2 = 15.7 m/s.
To find h, choose the kinematics equation that has Δy (h is a displacement) and the known quantities v0,
vtop, and a, that is . Upon rearrangement, this yields h = Δy = (v0)2/g = 12.6 m.
7. Two balls are thrown upwards from the same spot 1.15 seconds apart. The first ball had an initial velocity
of 15.0 m/s and the second was 12.0 m/s. At what height do they collide?
To solve this problem, we list the list the given information
Ball #1 Ball #2
v0 1 = 15.0 m/s v0 2 = 12.0 m/s
a1 = 9.81 m/s2 a2 = 9.81 m/s2
Δy1 = ? Δy2 = ?
t1 = ? t2 = ?
This is an example of a twobody constrained kinematics problem. We need a sketch to get the
constraints. For the sketch, recall the shape of the d versus t curve for an object thrown up into the air a
parabola.
Looking at the sketch, we see that our constraints are:
Δy1 = Δy2 (1), and
t1 = t2 + 1.15 (2). .
To solve the problem, we must find the kinematics equation that contains the known quantities, v0 and a =
g, and the unknown quantities, Δy and t. Examining our equations we see that we can use Δy = v0t
½gt2. We substitute this equation into both sides of equation (1). This yields,
v01t1 ½g(t1)2 = v02t2 ½g(t2)2.
We then use equation (2) to replace t1 by t2 + 1.15,
v01(t2+1.15) ½g(t2+1.15)2 = v02t2 ½g(t2)2.
This reduces to
1.15v01 + v01t2 ½g[(t2)2 +2.30t2 +1.3225] = v02t2 ½g(t2)2.
Upon rearrangement this becomes
(v01 v02 1.15g)t2 = (1.15v01 0.66125g) .
Thus t2 = 1.2997 s, and t1 = 2.4497 s. Now that we have the time that each ball is in the air, we can now
find h
h = v01t1 ½g(t1)2 = (15.0)(2.4497) ½g(2.4497)2 = 7.31 m ,
and doublechecking our result
h = v02t2 ½g(t2)2 = (12.0)(1.2297) ½g(1.2297)2 = 7.31 m .
So the balls collide when they are 7.31 m in the air.
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