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Ionescu-Enache Ion

An II Conversie

Narratology

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe presents his bad experience result from fury of the nature, the shipwreck
experience. Now he tells about he went ,,eleven times” to the broken ship, trying to find some useful
objects.

He found some money, knives and forks, some silver and gold. He realised that all of these are
useful in civilized world but in that context have no worth. After that he thought to build a raft but seeing
the evolution of the weather he abandoned this idea.

Trying to make an analysis of this fragment I begin to say about the temporal relations between
the narrative and the story.

Using Genette idea I can say we have an anachrony -analepsis- protagonist evoked an event prior
to the current cours of events-shipwreck

We have in the beginning a summary ,, I had been now thirteen days on shore, and had been
eleven times on board the ship, in which time I had brought away all that one pair of hands could well be
supposed capable to bring; though I believe verily, had the calm weather held, I should have brought away
the whole ship, piece by piece.”

When Robinson said ,, I discovered a locker with drawers in it, in one of which I found two or three
razors, and one pair of large scissors, with some ten or a dozen of good knives and forks: in another I
found about thirty-six pounds value in money - some European coin, some Brazil, some pieces of eight,
some gold, and some silver. “I think we have a description pause, a nonnarative commentary.

When Robinson said I smiled to myself at the sight of this money: “O drug!” said I, aloud, “what
art thou good for? Thou art not worth to me - no, not the taking off the ground; one of those knives is
worth all this heap; I have no manner of use for thee - e’en remain where thou art, and go to the bottom
as a creature whose life is not worth saying.” we meet a monologue- scene

Speaking about narrative frequency we can say we have a singulative narrative: ,, I had been now
thirteen days on shore, and had been eleven times on board the ship, in which time I had brought away
all that one pair of hands could well be supposed capable to bring”

Further speaking about the modalities of narrative representation we can see a combination of
mimesis-showing ,, I smiled to myself…” and diegesis- telling wich is dominant.

Discussing about the narrative distance it is found narrated speech and reported speech: ,,I
believe verily, had the calm weather held, I should have brought away the whole ship, piece by piece.”,,
However, upon second thoughts I took it away; and wrapping all this in a piece of canvas, I began to think
of making another raft; but while I was preparing this, I found the sky overcast, and the wind began to
rise, and in a quarter of an hour it blew a fresh gale from the shore. It presently occurred to me that it was
in vain to pretend to make a raft with the wind offshore; and that it was my business to be gone before
the tide of flood began, otherwise I might not be able to reach the shore at all”
In narrative perspective we have an internal focalization- fixed from the protagonist Robinson,, I
discovered a locker…”

Speaking about the way in wich the narrative reflects the narrating process the time of the
narrating is subquevent-the past tense narrative is frequent,, I smiled to myself….I discovered”

Robinson as a narrator have position in the intradiegetic level also in the extradiegetic level –
homodiegetic because the narrator tells his own story.

Further exploring Booth`s theory we can say that the narrator make the mediation between the
author and the readers. The narrator and the main character are handled by the author to point his
objective. The main character is Robinson who tells his captivating life. It is a special relation between
character and reader. Narrator becomes naratee according Booth`s theory

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