CEV641 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND

MANAGEMENT PLAN
SEPTEMBER 2019-JANUARY 2020
MINI PROJECT 1

GROUP MEMBERS
AHMAD FAZLI BIN MOHD GHAZALI 2016728795
MUHAMMAD HAZRY RAFIEQ BIN RAZAK MALEK 2016321741
JAMA’ATUL HASANAH BINTI MD WAZIR 2016354415
HAMZAH HAFIZUDDIN BIN HABRI 2016343911
WAN MUHAMAD ZYAID BIN RAZALI 2016524085

PREPARED FOR:
PM DR. ABDUL HADI
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN PULAU PINANG
1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1

2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED 2

3.0 PROJECT OPTIONS 2

a) Site Options 2
b) Economic of Scale 2
c) Adequacy of Land Area 3
d) Industrial Capability 3
e) ‘No Build’ Option Vs ‘Build Out’ Option 3
4.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 4

a) Introduction 4
b) Land Use 4
c) Geology 6
d) Water Quality 7
e) Air Quality 7
f) Noise and Vibration 9
g) Transport 9
h) Social Issues 9
i) Cultural Sustainability 9
j) Economic 10
k) Health 10
5.0 MITIGATION MEASURE 10

a) Mitigation measure during construction 10

b) Mitigation measure during operation 11
6.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 11

7.0 COST AND BENEFIT 12

8.0 COMPLIANCE AND IMPACT MONITORING 12

a) Wastewater treatment plant: 12

b) Groundwater conditions: 12
c) Scheduled waste records: 12
d) Noise level: 12
1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Petrochemical is industry that is wide spread throughout the whole world as the
sources can be obtained in numerous state whom discovered the main resource of the
petrochemical process. The crude oil as the most important raw material in petrochemical
industry contain large variety of components and substance that can be useful for certain
product. One of the exemplary products of this petrochemical industry is cumene or isopropyl
benzene. The market demand of cumene is increasing due to increasing demand of phenol
and acetone. From the year 2000 to 2020, the demand of cumene increases 50% interval of
20 years. Hence, cumene market demand is very dependent on the market of phenol and
acetone. Besides, cumene global demand is expected to rise to 17,988,934 tons in the year
2020, whereas the global production capacity of cumene is predicted to be above 14 million
tons per year

In response to this problem, the intent of the propose cumene production plant
therefore to meet the objectives of increasing production of cumene by providing additional
facilities which can cater the high demand of this chemical. The proposed plant is classified
as a prescribed activity under item 14(a)(i) of the EIA Order (Environmental Quality
(Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015) and the scheduled
wastes to be produced regulated under the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)
Regulations 2005, in compliance with EIA Order. EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
study is required for the proposed plant and its report submitted to the DOE for approval prior
to undertaking any works related to the proposed plant. The plant is located at Tanjung
Langsat, Johor. The proposed plant is estimated to produce 100 MTPA of cumene and
approximately 10 MTPA mainly SW202 and SW410. The proposed plant operates 24 hours
on a daily basis with a workforce of 1000 peoples.

Two flash energy integrated technology use a tubular packed bed reactor to synthesis
cumene. In this reactor, the alkylation turns propylene and benzene into cumene and also side
reaction of di-isopropyl benzene. These reactions are exothermic as it operates at 25 bar and
360 oC. This process produces yields with 97.91% of cumene. Two distillation columns are
used to separate cumene and by product of di-isopropyl benzene. This process used a solid
catalyst to be placed in a cumene reactor. The catalyst is considerably unknown with porosity
of 0.5 and density of 2000 kg/m3.

In order to obtain desired conversion of process, the product and byproduct is

suggested to undergo separation process. The differences between boiling point of product
and undesired product is alternatives to be taken to separate until achieve the purity of
product. Hence, distillation column is place after the distillation column 1 where the conversion

1
of process will achieve 99%. The top stage of distillation column 2 where cumene is come out
and proceed to product cooler. Meanwhile, the bottom stage will flow out the DIPB as
byproduct and going to wastewater treatment before it can be release to main river.

2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED

The proposed project is an attempt to meet the following needs: -

1. To produce 100,000 metric tons/year of cumene with 99% conversion.

2. To design a process wastewater treatment for DIPB removal from production of 100,000
metric tons/year of cumene.

3. To design a process, which are economic, safe, environmentally friendly and user friendly
by maintaining the sustainability of environment by treating the removal before being
discharge to the environment.

3.0 PROJECT OPTIONS

Various alternatives area available to be considered by the Project Proponent in

relation to the Proposed Plant which can be reviewed from the perspective of site options and
the ‘Build” or ‘No Build’.

a) Site Options

The primary objective of site selection is to ensure that the Proposed Plant is located
at intrinsically superior sites that by virtue of their natural features and land use setting provide
high degree of protection to public health and the environment.

The following provide a discussion of the screening process that is used in deriving the
preferred site for locating the Proposed Plant.

b) Economic of Scale

The Proposed Plant site located on lot 376, Jalan Ipil, Tanjung Langsat Industrial
Estate, Pasir Gudang, Johor is deemed suitable as it already meets the DOE’s criteria for the
siting of an off-site chemical plant which involves the following: -

 The site is already licensed as a prescribed premise;

 There area no food industries operating within the 250 m radius and;
 There are no residential units within the 500 m radius from the Proposed Plant site.

2
 c) Adequacy of Land Area

Screening of the site on lot 376, Tanjung Langsat Industrial Estate showed that the
land area is adequate to cater for the Proposed Plant.

d) Industrial Capability

A number of the industrial activities surrounding the site area also heavy industrial
activities generating air pollutant and wastewaters. Some of these industrial activities include
metal fabrication, recovery and recycling industries and chemical industries.

Therefore, based on all the above, the site on lot 376, Jalan Ipil, Tanjung Langsat
Industrial Estate, Pasir Gudang, Johor is found to be suitable for siting the Proposed Plant.

e) ‘No Build’ Option Vs ‘Build Out’ Option

The last option available for the Proposed Plant relates to whether to proceed in ‘Build
Out’ option or not to proceed in the ‘No Build’ option.

Several implications will result if the ‘No Build’ option is undertaken which include: -

 Malaysia has to rely on imported cumene solution from other country such as China.
Thus, the country must spend a lot of money in order to provide a great deal of money
to buy cumene. This is due to the fact that Malaysia has extensive crop areas such as
paddy fields, rubber estate and palm oil plantations. These areas require large
quantities of fertilizers to ensure continuous and quality yield.

The ‘Build Out’ option however has many benefits not only to the Project Proponent but to
other parties as well. Some of the implications of the ‘Build Out’ option are as follows: -

 Malaysia will be less dependent on imports cumene solution from other countries. This
is because the new chemical can increase the cumene fertilizers production and cope
with the market demands from consumers in the country.
 The presence of Proposed Plant will increase the employment opportunities in the
surrounding area. Job opportunities that will be provided such as technicians,
engineers and etc.
 The existing Proposed Plant also can nature the economic growth. Due to demand
from other countries that promote the exports activities. This is the strategic plan as
the neighboring countries such as Singapore and Indonesia require a lot of cumene
because of high demand in agriculture land and increasing plantation activities.

3
4.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
a) Introduction

The existing environment is an important feature which provides the benchmark to

access any long-term impacts of the Proposed Plant. The description of the existing
environment in terms of the physical-chemical environment, biological and human
environment at the vicinity of the proposed plant taking into consideration of the land used
within the 3 km radius from the site of the proposed plant. The site of the Propose Plant is
located within TPM Technopark, Tanjung Langsat industrial estate, which caters for the
various industrial activities comprising generally of light, medium and heavy industries.

b) Land Use

The site for the Proposed Plant is located within TPM technopark Tanjung Langsat
Industrial which has been developed to cater for the physical expansion Industrial Park. The
site located amidst various industrial activities comprising of medium and heavy industries as
shown in Figure 4.1.

The 1,400ha TLIC is being developed by JCorp subsidiary TPM Technopark Sdn Bhd.
Petrochemical industries will account for 60% of its activities and 80.93ha has been allocated
for a palm oil industrial cluster (POIC). The remaining 40% will be gas production, steel-
making, marine and marine-related industries. Tanjung Langsat industrial estate is located at
the Eastern Gate Development Zone - one of the five designated growth zones within Iskandar
Malaysia. The complex has attracted RM5bil worth of investment from Spain’s Acerinox
Group, one of the biggest stainless steel manufacturers in the world. Currently, more than 50
local and multinational companies have located their projects in TLIC.

4
 TLP Terminal Sdn. Bhd.

Asiaflex product Sdn. Bhd. Lotte Chemical Titan(M) Sdn. Bhd.

Dairen Chemical Sdn Bhd Dynac Sdn Bhd.

Figure 4.1: Surrounding activities

5
 c) Geology

The geological features of the project site are obtained from the geological map of
Peninsular Malaysia as shown in Figure 4.2. The most dominant geological feature in the area
is the existence of the Sungai Kim Kim mangrove and the Sg Johor Forest Reserve.

Figure 4.2: Geology Map

Palaeozoic rocks are widely distributed throughout east Johor, dominated by

metamorphic and volcanic rocks with minor lutaceous, arenaceous and rudaceous rocks and
limestone. Evidence of these have been found in the form of distortion and at times complete
destruction of rock texture by brecciation accompanied by introduction of minerals like pyrite
and fluoride.

6
 d) Water Quality

A marine water quality monitoring exercise was carried out at one (1) location during
high tide and low tide on 17th December 2015. The results are summarised in Table 4.1. The
marine water quality results were compared with Class 3 of the Marine Water Quality
Standard. Class 3 applies to beneficial uses of port and oil & gas field, which is the most
applicable to the coastal water of the project site area that appears to be a port. The results
show all tested parameters for MW1 during high tide and low tide were below the Class 3 of
MWQS standard limits except copper. Copper levels recorded at 17 mg/L and 18 mg/L during
high tide and low tide respectively, above the stipulated limit of 10 mg/L. Of the monitored
parameters, several parameters were below detectable limit and they are mercury, cadmium,
chromium, arsenic and lead.

Table 4.1: Testing Methods Used for Water Quality

e) Air Quality

Figure in this section shows that the baseline of air quality data obtained from
department of environment for the site whilst figure below provides the updated air quality data
for sampling site for TSP and PM10 and PM2.5.

7
 The values are within the ambient air quality guideline of 260 µg/Nm 3. PM10 levels ate
the sampling stations ranged from 69 to 77 µg/Nm 3 are within the ambient air quality guideline
of 150 µg/Nm 3 for PM10. PM2.5 levels are detected to be 0 to 21 µg/Nm 3 which are found to be
below the ambient air quality guidelines of 75 µg/Nm 3.

8
 f) Noise and Vibration

Environmental noise measurements were collected over a 24 hours period at

three identified locations. Average noise levels, for day time at N1 and N2 were well below the
DOE’s permissible noise limit [70dB(A)] but exceeded the limit [60dB(A)] for night time.

Average noise level recorded at N3 (residential area) exceeded the guideline

limit during both day time [(55dB(A)] and night time [(45dB(A)]. Noise in the area is influenced
by surrounding industrial activities and not solely that of the existing operation.

g) Transport

The road network system is connected to Johor Bharu through a four-lane Lebuhraya
Pasir Gudang, JB Eastcoast Highway and a trunk road. Several main roads connecting
Tanjung Langsat to Pair Gudang city centre includes Jalan Pekeliling, Jalan Persiaran Tanjung
Langsat and Jalan Bandar

Port access is available at Tanjung Langsat port at Tanjung Langsat, and the major
deep-water wharves at the port. The Bulk and Break Bulk cargo terminal is available for liquid
bulk and dry bulk cargoes including for dangerous cargo.

h) Social Issues

The existing of industrial area consists of manufacturing factories cause the increasing
number of immigrants to the area. This issue create competition in gaining work, thus,
increasing the level of unemployment in local communities. The nearest human settlement is
Kota Masai which is located 1 and 2 km away from the project site. Due to lack of data, an
estimate of the population within 3km radius of the project site was made based on the
information from an assessment of the socio-economic profiles of respective villages collated
by the village headmen and resident’s association.

i) Cultural Sustainability

An estimate of 40,873 people and 7,822 households live within 3km radius from the
project site. In general, males comprised about 44% while the females 56% to the population.
The majority is aged between 20 and 59 years old (89%), while 21% are aged 19 years and
below. Those above 60 years made up about 10%.

Malays make up about 88% followed by Indians (7%), Chinese (4%) and other races
(1%). The majority of the working population is in the private sector (56%), about (38%) with
the government and about 5% are self employed (small business).

9
 j) Economic

In term of job opportunities, 49.3% of the employment opportunities in Tanjung Langsat

are related to manufacturing. The high employment in the manufacturing sector can be
contributed by the increase in the allocation for industrial land in Tanjung Langsat and its
surrounding area.

k) Health

Most of the respondent rated their health at least fair, with only a very small
percentage with poor or very poor health (6.0%). The main reported illness among the
household members is asthma (17.7%), hypertension (9.3%) and diabetes. The main reason
for seeking medical attention was flu and cold (40.3%), fever (21.0%) and asthma (10.3%).

5.0 MITIGATION MEASURE

a) Mitigation measure during construction
Traffic:

 Construction employees will be provided with information concerning problem spots

on the road, for example thus influencing compliance with speed limit.
 Communication of information about public transport routes and schedules and
interadaptation of schedules and construction site hours will contribute to reducing
traffic congestion.

Noise:

 The harmful impact caused by construction time-noise and other disturbance near the
chemical plant can be mitigated by scheduling any particular noisy or disturbing
operations to weekdays and daytime.

Dust:

 Dust emission from the worksite can be reduced by means such as paving the
permanent roads in the area, reducing speed limits on dirt roads as well as cleaning
or sprinkling the roads regularly.

Land disturbance:

 Keep vehicle on specified path, well scheduling of design stage, control slope erosion
by growing some grass

10
Stormwater and dewatering management:

 To construct intercept drain, construct silt wall and silt trap at nearest drain preventing
soil runoff into waterways especially during raining day.

Stockpiles management:

 Stockpiles are to be located a minimum of 50 feet away from all drainage inlets,
Perimeter erosion barrier should be used around all stockpiles to prevent sediment
from leaving the stockpile site.

b) Mitigation measure during operation

Wastewater:

 Wastewater generated at the chemical plant shall be treated by physical and chemical
treatment. The volume of wastewater generated shall be minimized through water use
planning and recycling.

Chemical handling, transport and storage:

 Precautions have been taken for disturbance and accident associates with the
handling and storage of chemicals through sewerage, shielding pools and automatic
alarms as well as operating plans and instructions. Applicable safety guidelines and
regulations are observed in the transportation of chemicals. The risk of discharges of
harmful amounts of substances into the water and soil during operation and accident
is minor.

6.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Best EIA practice involves and engages the public at numerous points throughout the
process with a two-way exchange of information and views. Public participation may consist
of informational meetings, public hearings, and opportunities to provide written comments
about a proposed project. However, there are no consistent rules for public participation
among current EIA systems. Even within a country, there can be variations in the quality and
extent of public involvement in the EIA process, depending on the type of project being

11
7.0 COST AND BENEFIT

8.0 COMPLIANCE AND IMPACT MONITORING

a) Wastewater treatment plant:

An external water laboratory operating under official supervision monitors the

discharges from the waste water treatment plant four times a year. Several parameters will be
checked including pH, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen
demand (BOD) and total suspended solid (TSS). However, routine monitoring also will be
checked by internal supervisors for DOE compliance under Environmental Quality (Industrial
Effluents) 2009.

b) Groundwater conditions:

The impacts during the construction and operation of the final repository of operating
waste on the flow, pressure and quality of groundwater are systematically monitored both from
the construction engineering and environmental points of view.

c) Scheduled waste records:

Records are kept in compliance with the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste)
Regulations 2005 regarding the type, quantity and treatment of the waste materials generated
at the chemical plant. For ordinary waste, the records are kept in compliance with the
environmental permits of its landfill.

d) Noise level:

During construction and operation, noise level measurements will be carried out in the
areas surrounding the chemical plant. The purpose of the measurements is to ensure that the
noise generated by the chemical plant complies with the guide limits issued by public
authorities and with the design guide values from The Planning Guidelines for Environmental
Noise Limits and Control.

12