Designation: B 160 – 99

Standard Specification for

Nickel Rod and Bar1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope requirements of Specification B 160 are met.

1.1 This specification2 covers nickel (UNS N02200)* and 3.1.2 rod—material of round solid section furnished in
low carbon nickel (UNS N02201)* in the form of hot-worked straight lengths.
and cold-worked rod and bar in the conditions shown in Table
1. 4. Ordering Information
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for requirements that are necessary for the safe and satisfactory
information only. performance of material ordered under this specification.
Examples of such requirements include, but are not limited to,
2. Referenced Documents the following:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
B 162 Specification for Nickel Plate, Sheet, and Strip3 4.1.2 UNS number.
B 880 General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis 4.1.3 Section—Rod (round) or bar (square, hexagonal, or
of Nickel, Nickel Alloys, and Cobalt Alloys3 rectangular).
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials4 4.1.4 Dimensions—Dimensions including length.
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell 4.1.5 Condition.
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials4 4.1.6 Finish.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 4.1.7 Quantity—feet or number of pieces.
Determine Conformance with Specifications5 4.1.8 Certification— State if certification or a report of test
E 39 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel6 results is required (Section 15).
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals4 4.1.9 Samples for Product (Check) Analysis—State whether
samples for product (check) analysis should be furnished.
3. Terminology 4.1.10 Purchaser Inspection—If purchaser wishes to wit-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: ness tests or inspection of material at place of manufacture, the
3.1.1 bar—material of rectangular (flats), hexagonal, or purchase order must so state indicating which test or inspec-
square solid section up to and including 10 in. (254 mm) in tions are to be witnessed.
width and 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) and over in thickness in straight
lengths. 5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The material shall conform to the composition limits
NOTE 1—Hot-worked rectangular bar in widths 10 in. (254 mm) and
under may be furnished as hot-rolled plate with sheared or cut edges in specified in Table 2.
accordance with Specification B 162, provided the mechanical property 5.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the
purchaser, the material shall be done per ASTM B 880 and the
material shall conform to the product (check) analysis varia-
1
tions defined in Table 1 of ASTM B 880.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-2 on
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.
6. Mechanical and Other Requirements
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally 6.1 Mechanical Properties—The material shall conform to
published as B 160 – 41 T. Last previous edition B 160 – 93. the mechanical properties specified in Table 1.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SB-160 in Section II of that Code.
* New designations established in accordance with ASTM E527 and SAE J1086,
7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).
3
7.1 Diameter, Thickness, or Width—The permissible varia-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
4 tions from the specified dimensions as measured on the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. diameter or between parallel surfaces of cold-worked rod and
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 B 160
TABLE 1 Mechanical Properties
Condition and Diameter or Distance Tensile Strength, min, Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), Elongation in 2 in. or 50
Between Parallel Surfaces, in. (mm) psi (MPa) min. psi (MPa)A mm or 4D,min %
Nickel (UNS N02200)
Cold-worked (as worked):
Rounds, 1 (25.4) and under 80 000 (550) 60 000 (415) 10B
Rounds over 1 to 4 (25.4 to 101.6) incl. 75 000 (515) 50 000 (345) 15
Squares, hexagons, and rectangles, all sizes 65 000 (450) 40 000 (275) 25B
Hot-worked:
All sections, all sizes 60 000 (415) 15 000 (105) 35C
Rings and disksD — — —
Annealed:
Rods and bars, all sizes 55 000 (380) 15 000 (105) 40B
Rings and disksE — — —
Forging quality
F F F
All sizes
Low-Carbon Nickel (UNS N02201)
Hot-worked:
All sections, all sizes 50 000 (345) 10 000 (70) 40C
Annealed:
All products, all sizes 50 000 (345) 10 000 (70) 40B
A
See 12.2.
B
Not applicable to diameters or cross sections under 3⁄32 in. (2.4 mm).
C
For hot-worked flats 5⁄16 in. (7.9 mm) and under in thickness the elongation shall be 25%, min.
D
Hardness B45 to B80, or equivalent.
E
Hardness B45 to B70 or equivalent.
F
Forging quality is furnished to chemical requirements and surface inspection only. No tensile properties are required.

TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance

Composition Limits, % Between Parallel Surfaces of Cold-Worked Rod and Bar
Permissible Variations from
Element Low-Carbon
Nickel (UNS Specified Dimension, in. (mm)A Specified Dimension, in. (mm)
Nickel (UNS
N02200)
N02201) + −
Nickel, minA 99.0 99.0 Rounds:
Copper, max 0.25 0.25 1⁄16 (1.6) to 3⁄16 (4.8), excl 0 0.002 (0.05)
Iron, max 0.40 0.40 3⁄16 (4.8) to 1⁄2 (12.7), excl 0 0.003 (0.08)
Manganese, max 0.35 0.35 1⁄2 (12.7) to 15⁄16 (23.8), incl 0.001 (0.03) 0.002 (0.05)
Carbon, max 0.15 — Over 15⁄16 (23.8) to 115⁄16 (49.2), incl 0.0015 (0.04) 0.003 (0.08)
Carbon, max — 0.02 Over 115⁄16 (49.2) to 21⁄2 (63.5), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.004 (0.10)
Silicon, max 0.35 0.35 Over 21⁄2 (63.5) to 3 (76.2), incl 0.0025 (0.06) 0.005 (0.13)
Sulfur, max 0.01 0.01 Over 3 (76.2) to 3 (88.9), incl 0.003 (0.08) 0.006 (0.15)
A
Element shall be determined arithmetically by difference. Over 31⁄2 (88.9) to 4 (101.6), incl 0.0035 (0.09) 0.007 (0.18)
Hexagons, squares, rectangles:
1⁄2 (12.7) and less 0 0.004 (0.10)
bar shall be as prescribed in Table 3, and of hot-worked rod and Over 1⁄2 (12.7) to 7⁄8 (22.2), incl 0 0.005 (0.13)
bar as prescribed in Table 4. Over 7⁄8 (22.2) to 11⁄4 (31.8), incl 0 0.007 (0.18)
7.2 Out-of-Round— Hot-worked rods and cold-worked rods Over 11⁄4 (31.8) to 21⁄4 (57.2), incl 0 0.009 (0.23)
Over 21⁄4 (57.2) to 3 (76.2), incl 0 0.011 (0.28)
(except “forging quality”), all sizes, in straight lengths, shall Over 3 (76.2) to 31⁄2 (88.9), incl 0 0.015 (0.38)
not be out-of-round by more than one half the total permissible Over 31⁄2 (88.9) to 4 (101.6), incl 0 0.017 (0.43)
variations in diameter shown in Tables 3 and 4, except for A
Dimensions apply to diameter of rounds, to distance between parallel surfaces
hot-worked rods 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter and under, which of hexagons and squares, and separately to width and thickness of rectangles.
may be out-of-round by the total permissible variations in
diameter shown in Table 4.
7.3 Corners—Cold-worked bars will have practically exact 7.6 Straightness:
angles and sharp corners. 7.6.1 The permissible variations in straightness of cold-
7.4 Machining Allowances for Hot-Worked Materials— worked rod and bar as determined by the departure from
When the surfaces of hot-worked products are to be machined, straightness shall be as prescribed in Table 7.
the allowances prescribed in Table 5 are recommended for 7.6.2 The permissible variations in straightness of precision
normal machining operations. straightened cold-worked rod as determined by the departure
7.5 Length—The permissible variations in length of cold- from straightness shall be as prescribed in Table 8.
worked and hot-worked rod and bar shall be as prescribed in 7.6.2.1 In determining straightness in the standard 42-in.
Table 6. (1.07-m) distance between supports or, when specified, in
7.5.1 Rods and bars ordered to random or nominal lengths determining straightness in lengths not in excess of those
will be furnished with either cropped or saw-cut ends; material shown in Table 8, the rod shall be placed on a precision table
ordered to cut lengths will be furnished with square saw-cut or equipped with ballbearing rollers and a micrometer or dial
machined ends. indicator. The rod shall then be rotated slowly against the

2
 B 160
TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance 11. Specimen Preparation
Between Parallel Surfaces of Hot-Worked Rod and Bar
11.1 Tension test specimens shall be taken from material in
Permissible Variations from
Specified Dimensions, in. (mm) the final condition and tested in the direction of fabrication.
Specified Dimension, in. (mm)A
+ −
11.1.1 All rod and bar shall be tested in full cross-section
size when possible. When a full cross-section size test cannot
Rod and bar, hot-worked:
1 (25.4) and under 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41)
be performed, the largest possible round specimen shown in
Over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 0.031 (0.79) 0.016 (0.41) Test Methods E 8 shall be used. Longitudinal strip specimens
Over 2 (50.8) to 4 (101.6), incl 0.047 (1.19) 0.031 (0.79) shall be prepared in accordance with Test Methods E 8 for
Over 4 (101.6) 0.125 (3.18) 0.063 (1.60)
Rod, rough-turned or rough-ground: rectangular bar up to 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm), inclusive, in thicknesses
Under 1 (25.4) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) that are too wide to be pulled full size.
1 (25.4) and over 0.031 (0.79) 0 11.2 Hardness test specimens shall be taken from material in
Forging quality rod:B
Under 1 (25.4) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) the final condition.
1 (25.4) and over 0.031 (0.79) 0 11.3 In order that the hardness determinations may be in
A
Dimensions apply to diameter of rods, to distance between parallel surfaces of reasonable close agreement, the following procedure is sug-
hexagons and squares, and separately to width and thickness of rectangles.
B
gested:
Spot grinding is permitted to remove minor surface imperfections. The depth of
these spot ground areas shall not exceed 3 % of the diameter of the rod.
11.3.1 For rod, under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter, hardness
readings shall be taken on a flat surface prepared by filing or
grinding approximately 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) from the outside
indicator, and the deviation from straightness in any portion of surface of the rod.
the rod between the supports shall not exceed the permissible 11.3.2 For rod, 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter and larger, and
variations prescribed in Table 8. The deviation from straight- for hexagonal, square, and rectangular bar, all sizes, hardness
ness (throw in one revolution) is defined as the difference readings shall be taken on a cross section midway between the
between the maximum and minimum readings of the dial surface and center of the section.
indicator in one complete revolution of the rod.
7.6.3 The permissible variations in straightness of hot- 12. Test Methods
worked rod and bar as determined by the departure from 12.1 The chemical composition, mechanical, and other
straightness shall be as specified in Table 9. properties of the material as enumerated in this specification
shall be determined, in case of disagreement, in accordance
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance with the following methods:
8.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and condition, Test ASTM Designation
smooth, commercially straight or flat, and free of injurious Chemical Analysis E 39
imperfections. Tension E8
Rockwell Hardness E 18
Hardness Conversion E 140
9. Sampling Rounding Procedure E 29

9.1 Lot—Definition: 12.2 For purposes of determining compliance with the

9.2 A lot for chemical analysis shall consist of one heat. specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the
9.2.1 A lot for mechanical properties testing shall consist of following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall
all material from the same heat, nominal diameter of thickness, be rounded as indicated below, in accordance with the round-
and condition. ing method of Practice E 29:
9.2.1.1 Where material cannot be identified by heat, a lot Test Rounded Unit for Observed
shall consist of not more than 500 lb (227 kg) of material in the Or Calculated Value
same size and condition. Chemical composition, hardness, and Nearest unit in the last right-hand place
tolerances (when expressed in deci of figures of the specified limit. If two
9.3 Test Material Selection: mals) choices are possible, as when the
digits dropped are exactly a 5, or a 5
9.3.1 Chemical Analysis—Representative samples from followed only by zeros, choose the one
ending in an even digit, with zero
each lot shall be taken during pouring or subsequent process- defined as an even digit.
ing. Tensile strength and yield strength Nearest 1000 psi (6.9 MPa)
Elongation Nearest 1 %
9.3.1.1 Product (check) analysis shall be wholly the respon-
sibility of the purchaser.
13. Inspection
9.3.2 Mechanical Properties—Samples of the material to
provide test specimens for mechanical properties shall be taken 13.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon
from such locations in each lot as to be representative of that between the manufacturer and the purchaser as part of the
lot. purchase contract.

10. Number of Tests 14. Rejection and Rehearing

10.1 Chemical Analysis—One test per lot. 14.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
10.2 Tension—One test per lot. this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported
10.3 Hardness—One test per lot. to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of

3
 B 160
TABLE 5 Normal Machining Allowances for Hot-worked Material
Normal Machining Allowance, in. (mm)

Finished-Machined Dimensions for Finishes as Distance Between For Rectangular Bar

Indicated Below, in. (mm)A On Diameter, Parallel Surface, for
for Rods Hexagonal and
Square Bar On Thickness On Width

Hot-worked:B
Up to 7⁄8 (22.2), incl ⁄ (3.2)
18 ⁄ (3.2)
18 ⁄ (3.2)
18 ⁄ (4.8)
3 16

Over 7⁄8 to 17⁄8 (22.2 to 47.6), incl ⁄ (3.2)

18 ⁄ (4.8)
3 16 ⁄ (3.2)
18 ⁄ (4.8)
3 16

Over 17⁄8 to 27⁄8(47.6 to 73.0), incl 3⁄16 (4.8) 1⁄4 (6.4) — ⁄ (4.8)
3 16

Over 27⁄8 to 313⁄16(73.0 to 96.8), incl 1⁄4 (6.4) — — 3⁄16 (4.8)

Over 313⁄16 (96.8) 1⁄4 (6.4) — — 3⁄8 (9.5)

Hot-worked rods:
Rough-turned or Rough-ground:C
15⁄16 to 4 (23.8 to 101.6), incl in diameter ⁄ (1.6)
1 16 — — —
Over 4 to 12 (101.6 to 304.8), incl in ⁄ (3.2)
18 — —
diameter
A
Dimensions apply to diameter of rods, to distance between parallel surfaces of hexagonal and square bar, and separately to width and thickness of rectangular bar.
B
The allowances for hot-worked material in Table 5 are recommended for rods machined in lengths of 3 ft (0.91 m) or less and for bars machined in lengths of 2 ft (0.61
m) or less. Hot-worked material to be machined longer lengths should be specified showing the finished cross-sectional dimension and the length in which the material
will be machined in order that the manufacturer may supply material with sufficient oversize, including allowance for out-of-straightness.
C
Applicable to 3 ft (0.91 m) max length.

TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Length of Rods and Bars

Random mill lengths:
Hot-worked 6 to 24 ft (1.83 to 7.31 m) long with not more than 25 weight % between 6 and 9 ft (1.83 and 2.74 m)A
Cold-worked 6 to 20 ft (1.83 to 6.1 m) long with not more than 25 weight % between 6 and 10 ft (1.83 and 3.05 m).
Multiple lengths Furnished in multiples of a specified unit length, within the length limits indicated above. For each multiple, an
allowance of 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) will be made for cutting, unless otherwise specified. At the manufacturer’s option,
individual specified unit lengths may be furnished.
Nominal lengths Specified nominal lengths having a range of not less than 2 ft (610 mm) with no short lengths allowed.B
Cut lengths A specified length to which all rods and bars will be cut with a permissible variation of +1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm), − 0 for sizes 8
in. (203 mm) and less in diameter or distance between parallel surfaces. For larger sizes, the permissible variation
shall be +1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm), − 0.
A
For hot-worked sections weighing over 25 lb/ft (37 kg/m) and for smooth forged products, all sections, short lengths down to 2 ft (610 mm) may be furnished.
B
For cold-worked rods and bars under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter or distance between parallel surfaces ordered to nominal or stock lengths with a 2-ft (610 mm) range,
at least 93 % of such material shall be within the range specified; the balance may be in shorter lengths but in no case shall lengths less than 4 ft (1220 mm) be furnished.

TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Straightness Of Cold-Worked stating that material has been manufactured, tested, and in-
Rods And Bars spected in accordance with this specification, and that the test
Specified Diameter or Distance Permissible Variations in Lengths results on representative samples meet specification require-
Between Parallel Surfaces, in. Indicated, in. (mm)
(mm)A ments. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
Rounds: Depth of Chord: report of the test results shall be furnished.
1⁄2 (12.7) to 4 (101.6), incl 0.030 (0.76) per ft (305 mm) of length
Hexagons, squares, rectangles:
1⁄2 (12.7) to 4 (101.6), incl 0.030 (0.76) per ft (305 mm) of length
16. Product Marking
A
Material under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) shall be reasonably straight and free of sharp 16.1 The following information shall be marked on the
bends and kinks. material or included on the package, or on a label or tag
attached thereto: The name of the material or UNS Number,
dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer or heat number, condition (temper), ASTM Specification B 160,
supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
the size, gross, tare, and net weight, consignor and consignee
15. Certification address, contract or order number, or such other information as
15.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a may be defined in the contract or order.
manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to the purchaser

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 B 160
TABLE 8 Permissible Variations in Straightness of Precision-Straightened Cold-Worked Nickel (UNS N02200) Shafting
Specified Diameter of Standard Distance Between Permissible Variations (Throw in One Revolution)
Shafting, in. Supports from Straightness, in.
1⁄2 to 15⁄16, incl 42 in. 0.005
Over 15⁄16 to 115⁄16, incl 42 in. 0.006
Over 115⁄16 to 21⁄2, incl 42 in. 0.007
Over 21⁄2 to 4, incl 42 in. 0.008
3⁄4 to 15⁄16, incl Specified lengths of 3 to 10 ft 0.004 + 0.0025 for each foot or fraction thereof in excess of 3 ft.
Over 15⁄16 to 4, incl Specified lengths of 20 ft and less 0.005 + 0.0015 for each foot or fraction thereof in excess of 3 ft.
Specified Diameter of Standard Distance Between Permissible Variations (Throw in One Revolution)
Shafting, mm Supports from Straightness, mm
12.7 to 23.8 incl 1067 mm 0.13
Over 23.8 to 49.2, incl 1067 mm 0.15
Over 49.2 to 63.5, incl 1067 mm 0.18
Over 63.5 to 101.6, incl 1067 mm 0.20
19.1 to 23.8 incl specified lengths of 914 to 3050 mm 10.2 + 0.2 for each metre or fraction thereof in excess of 914 mm
Over 23.8 to 101.6, incl specified lengths of 6100 mm and less 12.7 + 0.13 for each metre or fraction thereof in excess of 914 mm

TABLE 9 Permissible Variations in Straightness of Hot-Worked

Rods and BarsA
Permissible
Finish Variations, in./ft.
(mm/m)B
Rods and bars, hot-worked 0.050 (4.2)C
Rounds—hot-worked, rough-ground, or rough-turned 0.050 (4.2)C
A
Not applicable to forging quality.
B
Material under 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) shall be reasonably straight and free of sharp
bends and kinks.
C
The maximum curvature (depth of chord) shall not exceed the values indicated
multiplied by the length in feet.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CONDITIONS AND FINISHES

X1.1 The various conditions and finishes in which nickel NOTE X1.1—For sizes 4 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and less, cold-
(UNS N02200) and low-carbon nickel (UNS N02201) rods and worked rod may be used also for forging by virtue of the fact such rod
bars are procurable are as indicated below. have been overhauled for removal of mechanical surface defects prior to
cold drawing. In such cases, the user should run pilot forging tests to
X1.2 Low-carbon nickel (UNS N02201) is intended essen- ensure himself that such material has the desired hot-malleability range.
tially for fused caustic and other fused salts and for tempera-
X1.2.5 Hot-Worked, Annealed—Soft with a tightly adherent
tures above 600°F (316°C). For such applications the manu-
facturer should be consulted. oxide that may vary from dark to light.
X1.2.6 Hot-Worked, Annealed and Pickled—Same as
X1.2.1 Hot-Worked— With a tightly adherent, black, mill
oxide surface. X1.2.5 except descaled for removal of mill oxide. Provides for
X1.2.2 Hot-Worked Rough-Ground—Similar to X1.2.1 ex- better surface inspection than does hot-worked material and
cept rough-ground. often employed where welding is involved where removal of
X1.2.3 Hot-Worked, Rough-Turned—Similar to X1.2.1 ex- mill oxide is desired.
cept rough-turned with a broad-nosed tool similar to a bar NOTE X1.2—Annealing prior to pickling may be required in order to
peeling operation and thus may not be straight. Intended reduce the mill oxide since uniform pickling of an unreduced oxide is
generally for machining where an overhauled surface is de- difficult.
sired, essentially for machined step down shafts or parts
machined in short lengths of 3 ft (914 mm) or less. X1.2.7 Cold-Worked, As-worked—Hot-worked overhauled,
X1.2.4 Hot-Worked Forging Quality—Rough-turned and cold-worked, and straightened with a smooth bright finish.
spot-ground, as necessary, for sizes 1 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter X1.2.8 Cold-worked Annealed—Hot-worked overhauled,
and over; rough-ground and spot-ground for sizes under 1 in. in cold-worked, and straightened. Annealed for softness and with
diameter. Material is selected from heats of known, good hot a dull matte finish.
malleability.

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 B 160
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