P.

A COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution)
(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Anna University)
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution – Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Pollachi-642 002

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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ME6703 COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION

1. Define – CAD and CAM

CAD may be defined as any design activity that involves the effective use if computer
to create, modify or document engineering design.
CAM may be defined as an effective use of computers and computer technology in the
planning, management and control of the manufacturing function.

2. List out the fundamental reason for implementing a CAD system.

Reasons for implementing a CAD system are
a. Identify productive activities.
b. Develop an implementation plan.
c. Establish good practices.
d. Plan your system architecture.

3. Define – CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) denotes the pervasive use of computer
system to design the products, plan the production, control the operations, and perform the
various information-processing functions needed in a manufacturing firm.
CIM = CAD + CAM + Business function

4. Write the types of production

a. continuous production
The process is carried out on a continuous stream of material, with no interruptions in
the output flow.
b. batch production
batch production is discontinuous because there are interruptions in production
between batches.
5. What is lean production?
Lean production means operating the factory with the minimum possible resources and yet
maximizing the amount of work that is accomplished with these resources.

6. Define – Production Capacity

Production capacity is defined as the maximum rate of output that a production facility is
able to produce under a given set of assumed operating conditions.

7. Define – Utilization and Availability

Utilization refers to the amount of output of a production facility relative to its capacity.

Q = actual quantity produced by the facility during a given period of time PC = production
capacity for the same period

Availability is defined using two other reliability terms, mean time between failures
(MTTF) and mean time to repair (MTTR).

8. Define – Manufacturing Lead Time

The total time required to process a given part of product through the plant, including any
lost time due to delays; time spent in storage, reliability problems and so on.

9. Define – Direct Labor, Material and Overhead Cost

Direct labor cost is the sum of wages and benefits paid to the workers who operate the
production equipment and perform the processing and assembly tasks.
Material cost is the cost of all raw materials used to make the product.
Overhead costs are all of the other expenses associated with running the manufacturing
firm.

10. Define – Fixed Cost and Variable Cost

A fixed cost is one that remains constant for any level of production output.
(Example) the cost of the factory building and production equipment, insurance and property taxes.
A variable cost is one that varies in proportion to the level of production output.
(Example) direct labor, raw materials and electric power to operate the production equipment.

11. Name five typical factory overhead expenses

1. Insurance
2. Factory and equipment depreciation
3. Applicable taxes
4. Power
 5. Maintenance crew

12. Name five typical corporate overhead expenses

1. Corporate executives
2. Sales and marketing
3. Finance department
4. Security personnel
5. Research and development

13. Define – Automation

Automation can be defined as the technology by which a process or procedure is
accomplished without human assistance. It is implemented using a program of instructions
combined with a control system that executes the instructions.

14. Write the basic elements of an automated system. An automated system consists of three
basic elements:
1. Power
2. Program of instructions
3. Control system

15. Differentiate open loop and closed loop control system in an automation system.
An open loop control system operates without the feedback loop. In this case, the controls
operate without measuring the output variable, so no comparison is made between the actual value
of the output and the desired input parameter.
A closed loop control system is one in which the output variable is compared with an input
parameter, and any difference between the two is used to drive the output into agreement with the
input.

16. Identify the five levels of automation in a production plant.

1. Device level
2. Machine level
3. Cell or system level
4. Plant level
5. Enterprise level

17. What is the role of CIM in manufacturing?

CIM is most closely associated with functions in manufacturing engineering such a
process planning and numerical control (NC) part programming.

18. What are important applications of CIM in manufacturing planning?

The applications of CIM can be divided into two broad categories.
a. Manufacturing planning b. Manufacturing control
 16 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Describe the various computerized elements of a CIM system with a block diagram.
2. List the various manufacturing planning and manufacturing control applications of CAM.
3. Write an Engineering brief about lean production and JIT production.
4. Discuss in detail computerized Elements of a cim system.
5. Explain the five levels of automation in a production plant.
6. Describe the basic activities that must be carried out in a factory to convert raw material into
finished product
7. Examine what is meant by product data management? Explain why it is important in
CAD/CAM integration.
8. Identify the main element of automated system.
9. Define MUDA and KAIZEN with example.
10. When the conditions are to be fulfilled in order to implement JIT concept effectively
11. Describe the need for CIM and the issues addressed by CIM (8)
12. Summarize are the various activities of a manufacturing plant which can be carried out through
computer control?
13. Discuss the main elements of CIM systems.
14. Express how does IT facilitate concurrent engineering?
15. Distinguish the different types of manufacturing.
16. Demonstrate the significance of concurrent engineering approach in limiting design changes.
17. Illustrate how CIM can act as an enabling technology for concurrent engineering (8)
18. Examine lean production and mass production (8)
19. Shown the characteristic of Just-In-Time (8)
20. Analyze various implementation issues on KANBANS and JIT systems.
21. Explain with various applications on flexible work force in JIT. (8)
22. Point out the effect on Pull systems with various examples. (8)
23. Compare Lean and Agile manufacturing systems. (8)
24. Analyze a case study on manufacturing in competitive environment (16)
25. Assess the contemporary implementation automation of manufacturing process,
26. Numerical control & adaptive control (16)
27. Generalize the conditions that need to be fulfilled in order to implement JIT concept
effectively.
UNIT-II PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL AND COMPUTERISED PROCESS
PLANNING

1. Define – Process Planning

Process planning involves determining the sequence of processing and assembly steps
that must be accomplished to make the product.

2. Define – Route Sheet

The processing sequence is documented on a form called a route sheet or operation sheet.

3. Define – Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering is an approach used in product development in which the functions of
design engineering, manufacturing engineering and other functions are integrated to reduce the
elapsed time required to bring a new product to market.

4. Write the benefits of CAPP.

1. Process rationalization and standardization
2. Increased productivity of process planners
3. Reduced lead time for process planning
4. Improved legibility
5. Incorporation of other application programs

5. Write the types of process planning.

1. Manual process planning
2. Computer Aided Process Planning
(a) Retrieval CAPP systems
(b) Generative CAPP systems

6. What is meant by retrieval CAPP systems?

A retrieval CAPP system, also called a variant CAPP system, is based on the principles of GT
and parts classification and coding. A standard process plan is stored in computer files for each
part family. Developing the database of these process plan requires substantial effort.

7. What is meant by generative CAPP systems?

The process sequence is planned without human assistance and without a set of predefined
standard plans.

8. Define – Production Planning and Control

PPC is concerned with the logistics problems that are encountered in manufacturing, that is,
managing the details of what and how many products to produce and when, and obtaining the raw
materials, parts and resources to produce those products.
9. What are the activities within the scope of production planning?
1. Aggregate production planning
2. Master Production Schedule (MPS)
3. Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
4. Capacity Planning (CP)

10. What is the difference between the aggregate production planning and master
production schedule?
Aggregate production planning involves planning the production output levels for major
product lines produced by the firm. Aggregate planning involves planning six months or more into
the future.
MPS which is a specific plan of the quantities to be produced of individual models within each
product line. MPS is concerned with shorter term.

11. What is meant by MRP?

MRP is a planning technique that converts the master schedule for end products into a detailed
schedule for the raw materials and components used in the end products.

12. What are the main inputs to the MRP processor?

1. Master production schedule
2. Bill of materials
3. Inventory record file

13. What are the outputs to the MRP system?

1. Planned order release
2. Reports of planned order release in future periods
3. Rescheduling notices, indicating changes in due dates for open orders
4. Reports on inventory status
5. Exception reports
6. Performance reports

14. Write the benefits of MRP system.

1. reduction in inventory
2. quicker response to changes in demand
3. reduced setup and product changeover costs
4. better machine utilization
5. improved capacity to respond to changes in the master schedule

15. What is meant by capacity planning? And write the two stages of capacity planning.
Capacity planning consists of determining what labor and equipment resources are required to
meet the current MPS as well as long-term future production needs of the firm.
Stages of Capacity planning:
(a) rough cut capacity planning (RCCP)
(b) Capacity requirements planning (CRP)
16. Define – Shop Floor Control
SFC is the set of activities in production control that is concerned with releasing production
orders to the factory, monitoring and controlling the progress of the orders through the various
work centers, and acquiring current information on the status of the orders.

17. Write the three phases of shop floor control.

1. Order release
2. Order scheduling
3. Order progress

18. Define – Shop Packet

The collection of documents through the factory called shop packet. It consists of
1. the route sheet
2. material requisitions to draw the raw materials from inventory
3. job cards means to report direct labor time devoted to the order
4. move tickets to authorize the material handling personnel to transport parts between
work centers
5. the part list

19. Define –Factory Data Collection System

The FDC system consists of the various paper documents, terminals and automated devices
located throughout the plant for collecting data on shop floor operations

20. Define – MRP II

Management Resource Planning (MRP II) can be defined as a computer-based system for
planning, scheduling and controlling the materials, resources and supporting activities needed to
meet the master production schedule.

21. Define – ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a computer software system that organizes and
integrates all of the data and business functions of an organization through a single, central data
base.

16 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain about CAPP? Discuss in Generative CAPP system.

2. Explain MRP? List down the various benefits of MRP.
3. Explain in detail, the phases of shop floor control system.
4. Explain the types of production systems.
5. Activities of production planning. Explain any one activity.
6. Explain about MRP-II, functions of MRP-II, structure of MRP-II.
7. Discuss about ERP, compare between ERP and MRP system.
8. List the two approaches commonly used in CAPP systems bringing out their advantages
and limitations.
9. Define process planning? What are the activities associated with it? (BT1) (8)
10. Describe the information required for process planning. What are the factors that influence
process planning? (8)
11. Examine details logical steps in computer aided process planning (8)
12. Identify the features of variant and generative CAPP systems. (8)
13. Name the criteria for selection of CAPP systems. (8)
14. Define what is meant by CAPP? List various advantages of CAPP systems.
15. Summarize briefly on CMPP. In what ways, CMPP is considered vary significant. (8)
16. (b) Describe the factors should be consider while selecting the best CAPP system.
17. Discuss in details in phase of shop floor control system.
18. Express about production planning process in discrete part manufacturing
19. Demonstrate production planning and control. Describe the various activities of PPC systems.
 UNIT-III CELLULAR MANUFACTURING
1. Define – Group Technology
Group Technology [GT] is a manufacturing methodology in which identical or similar
components grouped processed together during design, process planning and manufacturing so
that a wide variety of components can be manufactured, at the least expense of time,
inventory, man hours and material handling.

2. List out the stages in Group Technology.

The stages in Group Technology are
a] Production planners to setup the GT database.
b] Grouping the parts or components into part-families with some similar characteristics.
c] Re-design the shop-floor arrangement according to common shape, function or
manufacturing process and tooling.

3. Define – Part Family

Part family is defined as collection of parts which are similar either in geometric shape and size
or in the processing steps required in their manufacture.

4. What are the three methods for solving the problem of grouping parts into part families?
1. Visual inspection
2. Parts classification and coding system
3. Production flow analysis

5. What is the difference between a hierarchical structure and a chain type structure in a
classification and coding scheme?
Hierarchical structure, also known as monocode, in which the interpretation of each
successive symbol depends on the value of the preceding symbols.
Chain type structure, also known as polycode, in which the interpretation of each symbol in
the sequence is always the same; it does not depend on the value of preceding symbols.

6. Write the benefits of GT.

1. GT promotes standardization of tooling, fixturing and setups
2. Material handling is reduced
3. Process planning and production scheduling are simplified
4. Setup times are reduced, resulting in lower manufacturing lead times
5. Work-in-progress is reduced

7. Define – Production Flow Analysis (PFA)

Production flow analysis is a technique for pre-planning the division of the whole factory
into groups or departmental groups. When the knowledge of division is available, then it is
possible to plan the layout.
8. What is the weakness of PFA?
The weakness of production flow analysis (PFA) i s that the data used i n t h e t e c h n i q u
e are derived from existing production route-sheets. But the process-sequences have been prepared
by different process planners and the difference is reflected on to these route-sheets.

9. Write the steps involved in production flow analysis.

a. Data collection
b. Sortation of process routings
c. PFA chart
d. Cluster analysis

10. Define – Cellular Manufacturing

Cellular manufacturing is an application of GT in which dissimilar machines or processes
have been aggregated into cells, each of which is dedicated to the production of a part.

12. Explain the two categories of attributes of parts.

1. Design attributes, which are concerned with part characteristics such as geometry, size,
length-to-diameter ratio, surface finish and tolerances.
2. Manufacturing attributes, which consider the sequence of processing steps required to make
a part, machine tool, batch size, annual production and cutting tools.

13. Write the applications of GT.

1. Manufacturing applications
(a) Informed scheduling and routing of similar parts through selected machines
(b) Virtual machine cells
(c) Formal machine cells
2. Product design applications

14. What is meant by composite part concept?

The composite part concept takes this part family definition to its logical conclusion. The
composite part for a given part family is a hypothetical part that includes all of the design and
manufacturing attributes of the family.

15. Write the types of machine cells and layouts in GT.

1. Single machine cell
2. Group machine cell with manual handling
3. Group machine cell with semi-integrated handling
4. Flexible manufacturing cell

16. Write the various types of coding system.

1. OPITZ
2. MICLASS
3. DCLASS
17. What is key machine concept cell?
The key machine concept acknowledges that there is typically a certain machine in a cell
that is more expensive to operate than the other machines or that performs certain critical
operations. This machine is referred to as the key machine.
It is important that the utilization of this key machine be high, even if it means that the
other machines in the cell have relatively low utilizations. The other machines are referred
to as supporting machines, and they should be organized in the cell to keep the key
machine busy.
18. What is the difference between a virtual machine cell and a formal machine cell?
Virtual machine cells involve the creation of part families and the dedication of equipment
to the manufacture of these part families, but without the physical rearrangement of
machines into formal cells. The machines in the virtual cell remain in their original
locations in the factory. Formal machine cells represent the conventional GT approach in
which a group of dissimilar machines are physically relocated into a cell that is dedicated to
the production of one or a limited set of part

16 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain about parts classification and coding. (2012)

2. Explain OPITZ parts classification and coding systems. (2016)
3. Explain about CAPP (2012)
4. Explain various approaches to process planning.
5. Explain MICLASS coding system. (2008)
6. What do you mean by machine cell? Explain the various layouts.
7. Explain briefly the concept of cellular manufacturing.
(i) Discuss DCLASS and MCLASS coding system. (8)
(ii) Define part classification and coding. How is it useful in forming group technology
layout?
8. Discuss with examples the following: monocode, polycode & mixed code. (2014)
9. Briefly discuss the various benefits of implementing GT in a firm. Also bring out the
advantages and limitations of using GT. (2014)
10. Explain briefly CMPP. In what ways CMPP is considered very significant? What factors
should be considered while selecting the best CAPP system? (2014)
11. List the various benefits of implementing a GT in a firm. Also bring out the advantages and
limitation of using GT.
12. Define the Production Flow Analysis in detail. (8)
13. Describe what is Group Technology? Also explain why GT is important in achieving CAD
and CAM integration (16)
14. Identify what do you understand by cell design? What are the criteria used for cell design?
(8)
15. Examine what is MICLASS system? Compare it with DCLASS system. (8)
16. Name and briefly explain the various machine cells and layouts in used industries (16)
17. Summarize how group technology is used in designing manufacturing cells. (16)
18. Describe an engineering brief about (i) DCLASS, and (ii) Opitz Classification system (16)
 19. Discuss about (i) Composite part concept (ii) Key machine concept (8+8)
Analyze the rank order clustering technique to the part-machine incidence matrix in the
following table to identify logical part families and machine groups. Parts are identified by
letters, and machines are identified numerically. (16)

20. Explain that four machines 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been identified as belonging in a GT
machine cell. An analysis of 50 parts processed on these machines has been summarized in
the From-To chart of table below. Additional information is that 50 parts enter the machine
grouping at machine 3, 20 parts leaved after processing at machine1, and 30 parts leave
after machine 4. Determine a logical machine arrangement using Hollier method-1

21. Illustrate the form code (first five digits) in the Opitz system for a given part.
UNIT-IV FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM (FMS) AND AUTOMATED GUIDED
VEHICLE SYSTEM (AGVS)

1. Define – FMS
A Flexible Manufacturing System [FMS] is a highly automated GT machine cell,
consisting of a group of processing workstations, interconnected by an automated material
handling and storage system, and controlled by a distributed computer system

2. What are the components of FMS?

Flexible Manufacturing Systems [FMS] consists of the following four components.
1. Processing stations or workstations
2. Material handling and storage
3. Computer control system
4. Human labor

3. What are the objectives of FMS?

1. To provide flexible manufacturing facility for pan family components.

2. To provide the benefits of grouping the operation in single location.
3. To provide the flexibility in producing small and medium parts.
4. To maximize the utilization of facilities.
5. To have a good management control.

4. What are the types of layout configuration in FMS?

1. In-line layout
2. Loop layout
3. Ladder layout
4. Open field layout
5. Robot-centered cell.

5. What is the difference between a dedicated FMS and a random-order FMS?

A dedicated FMS is designed to produce a limited variety of part styles, and the complete
universe of parts to be made on the system is known in advance.
A random-order FMS is more appropriate when the part family is large, there are
substantial variations in part configurations, new part designs will be introduced into the system
and engineering changes will occur in parts currently produced, and the production schedule is
subject to change from day to day.

6. List out any two advantages and disadvantages of FMS implementation.

Advantages of FMS implementation.
1. Faster
2. Lower-cost changes from one part to another which will improve capital utilization
 Disadvantages of FMS implementation.
1. 1ower direct labor cost
2. Due to the reduction in number of workers

7. How the FMS is classified based on level of flexibility?

FMS classified based on level of flexibility are
1. Production flexibility
2. Machine flexibility
3. Mix flexibility
4. Product flexibility

8. How the FMS is classified based on number of machines?

The FMS is classified based on number of machines are
1. Single Machine Cell (SMC)
2. Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC)
3. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)

9. What are the types of FMS?

1. Dedicated FMS
2. Engineered FMS
3. Random order FMS

10. What is FMS?

FMS is a manufacturing system based on multi-operation machine tools,
incorporating (automatic part handling and storage).

11. Write the FMS benefits.

1. Increased machine utilization
2. Fewer machines required
3. Reduction in the amount of factory floor space required
4. Reduced inventory requirements
5. Lower manufacturing lead times
6. Greater responsiveness to change

12. Define – AGVS

An Automated Guided Vehicle system is a material handling system that uses
independently operated, self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways.

13. What are the components of AGVS?

1. The vehicle
2. Guide path
3. Control unit
4. Computer interface
14. Write the types of AGVS.
1. Driverless trains
A driveless train consists of a towing vehicle pulling one or more trailers to forma
train. A common application is moving heavy payloads over long distances in warehouses or
factories with or without intermediate pickup and drop-off points along the route.

2. Unit load carriers

AGV unit load carriers are used to move unit loads from one station to another.
They are often equipped for automatic loading and unloading of pallets by means of powered
rollers, moving belt, mechanized lift platforms built into the vehicle deck.

3. Pallet trucks
AG pallet trucks, are used to move palletized loads along predetermined routes.

15. Write the AGVS applications.

1. driveless train operations
2. storage and distribution
3. assembly line applications
4. flexible manufacturing systems

16. What is meant by vehicle guidance technology?

The guidance system is the method by which AGVS pathways are defined and vehicles
are controlled to follow the pathways.

17. Name the different AGVS guidance system.

1. imbedded guide wires
a. frequency select method
b. path switch select method
2. paint strips
3. self-guided vehicles

18. What is the purpose of traffic control in AGV system?

The purpose of traffic control in an automated guided vehicle system is to minimize
interference between vehicles and to prevent collisions.

19. Write the types of methods of traffic control in AGV system.

1. On-board vehicle sensing
On-board vehicle sensing, also called forward sensing, uses one or more sensors
on each vehicle to detect the presence of other vehicles and obstacles ahead on the guide path.
When the on-board sensor detects an obstacle in front of it, the vehicle stops.
2. Zone control
In zone control, the AGVS layout is divided into separate zones, and the operating
rule is that no vehicle is permitted to enter a zone that is already occupied by another vehicle.
 16 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain the various modules of SFC. (2006)

2. Explain about FMS workstation (2012)
3. Write briefly about factory data collection system.
4. Explain the various types of automatic identification systems.
5. Write briefly about the various FMS layouts.
6. (i)Explain the bar code technology in detail.
7. (ii)Illustrate different FMS layout configurations. (2013)
8. List and briefly explain the various priority sequencing rules used for job sequencing. (2014)
9. Explain briefly the technologies used in automatic identification systems for computer process
monitoring. (2014)
10. List and explain the functions of material handling system in FMS (2014)
11. Explain the vehicle guidance technology of AGV’s. (2016)
12. Define FMS and explain in detail about the FMS components. (2016)
13. List what are the major components of an FMS? Explain them in brief. (8)
14. Describe the various workstations of FMS. (8)
a. Define the various aspects of FMS layout configurations (8)
15. Identify the various functions that are performed by the FMS computer control system. (8)
16. Examine what is flexible manufacturing system? In what ways, FMS differs from other
manufacturing systems.
17. List and explain the functions of the material handling system in an FMS (8)
18. Name the applications, advantages and disadvantages of an FMS. (BT1) (8)
19. Summarize with suitable sketches, explain the various FMS layout configurations prevalent
today.
20. Discuss the important of In-process monitoring of workpiece quality in FMS.
21. Express how is tool life monitored in FMS (8)
22. Give principle of an automated storage and retrieval system. (8)
23. Discuss how is an FMS optimized? (8)
24. Show distinguishing facts between FMS and FM (8)
25. Distinguishing facts between Dedicated FMS and Random-order FMS (8)
26. Illustrate short notes various material handling equipment that are commonly found in a FMS.
27. Analyze a case study of an AGVS (10)
28. Explain what is AGV? How do they operate? (6)
29. Explain various types of software in FMS (8)
30. Point out various systems issues in FMS (8)
31. compare extrinsic and intrinsic functions. What are factors should be consider implement in
FMS?
32. Assess following types of AGVs along with their application
i. AGVs towing vehicles (4) iii) AGVs pallet trucks (4)
ii. AGVs fork lift trucks (4) iv) AGVs unit load transporters (4)
33. Develop the two main types of AGVs steering control) (8)
34. Prepare what are the advantages of AGVs over other material handling systems
 UNIT-V INDUSTRIAL ROBOTICS

1. Define – Robot
Robot is a programmable, multifunction manipulator designed to move materials, parts,
tools or special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of the
variety of tasks.

2. Write the types of joint notations.

1. Linear joint (type L joint), the relative movement between the input link and the output
link is a translational sliding motion, with the axes of the two links parallel.
2. Orthogonal joint (type O joint), this is also a translational sliding motion, but the input
and output links are perpendicular to each other during the move.
3. Rotational joint (type R joint), it provides rotational relative motion, with the axis of
rotation perpendicular to the axes of the input and output links.
4. Twisting joint (type T joint), involves rotary motion, but the axis of rotation is parallel to
the axes of the two links.
5. Revolving joint (type R joint) the axis of the input link is parallel to the axis of rotation
of the joint, and the axis of the output link is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

3. What are the four basic robot configurations available commercially?

1. Cartesian coordinate robot
2. Cylindrical configuration
3. Polar configuration
4. Jointed arm robot
5. SCARA

4. What is meant by Work space?

The space in which the end point of the robot arm is capable of operating is called as
workspace in other words reach ability of robot arm is known as workspace.

5. Define – Work Volume

The work volume of the manipulator is defined as the envelope or 3D space within
which the robot can manipulate the end of its wrist.

6. What is an end effector?

The end effector enables the robot to accomplish a specific task. The two categories of end
effectors are (a) grippers and (b) tools

7. Define – Grippers
Grippers are end effectors used to grasp and manipulate objects during the work cycle.
Types of grippers:
1. Mechanical grippers
2. Vacuum grippers
 3. Magnetic devices
4. Adhesive devices

8. Classify the sensors in robotics

1. Internal sensors are components of the robot and are used to control the position and
velocities of the various joints of the robot. These sensors form a feedback control loop with the
robot controller.
2. External sensors are used to coordinate the operation of the robot with the other
equipment in the cell.

9. Name the various sensors used in industrial robotics

1. Tactile sensors
2. Proximity sensors
3. Optical sensors
4. Machine vision

10. Define – Control Resolution, Accuracy and Repeatability of Robot

Control resolution refers to the capability of the robot’s positioning system to divide the range
of the joint into closely spaced points, called addressable points, to which the joint can be moved
by the controller.

Accuracy is the robot’s ability to position the end of its wrist at a desired location in the work
volume.

Repeatability is a measure of the robot’s ability to position its end-of-wrist at a previously

taught point in the work volume.

11. What is meant by pitch, yaw and roll?

Pitch is rotation around the X-axis, Yaw is around the Y-axis, and roll is around the Z-axis.

12. Write the applications of an industrial robot.

1. Repetitive work cycle
2. Material handling
a. Material transfer
b. Machine loading and unloading
3. Processing operations
a. Spot welding
b. Arc welding
 c. Spray coating
4. Assembly and inspection

13. Define – Robot Programming

A robot programming can be defined as a path in space to be followed by the manipulator,
combined with peripheral actions that support the work cycle.

14. Write the types of robot programming methods.

1. Lead through programming
2. Computer-like robot programming languages
3. Off-line programming

16 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. List the different types of robotic movements. (8)

2. Define the types of joints used in robots and explain its application (8)
3. List our four common robot configuration and explain its applications (8)
4. Name the relative merits and demerits of different types of robot configuration (8)
5. Describe the various types of industrial robot. (8)
6. Describe the basic structure of a robotic system with neat sketch. (8)
7. Identify and Draw the neat sketch of components of teach pendant and explain briefly
8. Describe the various types of robot control. (8)
9. Discuss briefly explain the need for robots in industries. (8)
10. Express briefly explain selection of robots. (8)
11. Differentiate the advantages, disadvantages and applications of robots (8)
12. Summarize what are robot end effectors? How do you classify them (4+4)
13. Discuss various drive system used for robot gripper. (8)
14. Demonstrate short notes on robot part programming (16)
15. Classify the various types of gripper mechanism with neat sketch. (16)
16. Explain briefly the lead through programming method in detail (8)
17. Point out the capabilities and limitations of lead-through programming methods (8)
18. Explain in detail robot language structure and motion commands used. (16)
19. Analyze a Program for pick and place robot. (16)
20. Explain at least four languages meant for robot programming and briefly discuss the
features of any two of them. (16)
21. Formulate principle of operation of teach pendent. (8)
22. Prepare What are the limitations of teach pendent control? (8)