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    Glacier

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    Galactic Crystal
    - Glaciers are large masses of ice that originate on land from accumulated and compressed snow. They shape landscapes through weathering, erosion, and deposition. - There are two main types of glaciers: valley glaciers found in mountainous areas, and continental ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica. - During the last ice age, large ice sheets advanced over North America several times, sculpting the land and leaving behind features like moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes.

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    Glacier

    Uploaded by

    Galactic Crystal
    78 views31 pages
    - Glaciers are large masses of ice that originate on land from accumulated and compressed snow. They shape landscapes through weathering, erosion, and deposition. - There are two main types of glaciers: valley glaciers found in mountainous areas, and continental ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica. - During the last ice age, large ice sheets advanced over North America several times, sculpting the land and leaving behind features like moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes.

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    GLACIERS AND TYPES OF GLACIERS

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    - Glaciers are large masses of ice that originate on land from accumulated and compressed snow. They shape landscapes through weathering, erosion, and deposition. - There are two main types of glaciers: valley glaciers found in mountainous areas, and continental ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica. - During the last ice age, large ice sheets advanced over North America several times, sculpting the land and leaving behind features like moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views31 pages

    Glacier

    Uploaded by

    Galactic Crystal
    - Glaciers are large masses of ice that originate on land from accumulated and compressed snow. They shape landscapes through weathering, erosion, and deposition. - There are two main types of glaciers: valley glaciers found in mountainous areas, and continental ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica. - During the last ice age, large ice sheets advanced over North America several times, sculpting the land and leaving behind features like moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    Glacier

    • a thick ice mass that originates on land from


    the accumulation, compaction, and
    recrystallization of snow.
    • Agent of weathering, erosion, and deposition
    – acquire, transport and deposit sediment
    • Occupy ~10% of land area
    • “Interrupts” hydrologic cycle by “locking up”
    water
    GLACIERS

    • Types of Glaciers
    -Valley (alpine)
    -Continental (Greenland, Antarctica)
    Glacier Types

    1. Valley (Alpine)
    • Found in mountainous areas
    • Smaller than ice sheets
    • Lengths greater than widths
    • Only cover a small region
    • Transform V-shaped valleys into U -shaped valleys
    • Makes the land more rugged
    Valley (Alpine) Glacier Glaciers
    U-Shape made by a Valley Glacier
    Glacier Types
    2. Ice sheets (Continental glacier)
    • Large scale – cover 10% of Earth’s land
    • Found in polar regions
    – Greenland – 1.7 million km2
    – Antarctica – 13.9 million km2
    Makes the land flatter
    A continental glacier (Antarctica)
    Buried snow changes to ice
    ICE AGE
    The Ice Age

    • A. When it occurred - 1,000,000 years ago, and still in it!


    • B. Extent - Intersection of Ohio and Mississippi rivers
    and as far east as NY
    • C. North America’s 3 major centers
    – 1. Labrador center - east
    – 2. Keewatin - central
    – 3. Cordilleran - west
    • D. Cycle - Advanced and receded 4x’s; 11,000 years
    ago was last advance
    North American Glaciation
    Upper Midwest Glaciation
    .
    Causes of Glacial Climates
    – A. Four facts to consider
    • 1. I million years ago, Ice Age began, including 4 major
    advances of the ice sheets.
    • 2. Warm interglacial periods came between.
    • 3. Other ice ages have occurred in the past 600 million
    years.
    • 4. In last age, glaciers advanced and receded in North and
    South hemispheres at the same time.
    .
    -B. Possible causes
    • 1. Energy from sun changes.
    • 2. Volcanic activity and dust in atmosphere.
    • 3. During mountain building more land was above snow
    line. (More land under ice, might change the climate)
    • 4. Continents in older formations may have prevented hot
    and cold water currents from mixing.
    • 5. Changes in earth’s tilt or orbital shape.
    MOVEMENT
    Glacier Movement
    • How Glaciers Move
    A. Process of movement
    1. Weight (gravity) pulls ice down
    2. Melting at bottom aids lubrication
    B. Speed
    1. Movement
    » From a few cm to 3000 cm /day
    » Faster in the middle.
    TRANSPORT
    Glaciers Transport Loose Rock
    • A. Range of particle size
    • Fine powder to giant boulders
    B. Plucked from the bedrock over
    which is flowing or carrying what has
    fallen on top of the ice sheet
    DEPOSITION
    Deposits By Glaciers
    • Drift – ALL deposits of glaciers
    – 1. Till - unsorted (under the glacier &/or in front)
    – 2. Outwash - sorted by size (left in front of glacier) by
    meltwater rivers
    TILL (Unsorted debris)
    Glacial landforms.
    Results of GLACIATION
    A. Moraines – formations of deposited particles
    once glacier recedes
    • 1. Ground moraines - in glacier before
    deposited
    • 2. Lateral moraines - deposited on sides of
    glaciers
    • 3. Medial moraines -deposited on the sides of
    two converging glaciers,
    resulting between the two
    • 4. End moraines - deposited at the ice front
    A MORAINE
    .
    B. Outwash plains
    • Formation and description - broad flat areas in front of
    glaciers (usually prairies or farmland today)

    C. Eskers
    • Formation and description - long winding ridges where
    material was deposited in tunnels within glacier
    – Examples - Maine and New York
    OUTWASH PLAIN
    OUTWASH PLAIN to farmland
    ESKER
    D. Drumlins
    – 1. Formation and description - long smooth
    canoe - shaped hills made of till produced
    when advancing glaciers have run over earlier
    glacial moraines
    – 2. Examples - Southeastern Wisconsin, South
    of Lake Ontario, Boston, Massachusetts, and
    Minnesota
    DRUMLINS
    .
    • Kames, Kettles, and Deltas
    – E. Kames
    • 1. Formation and description
    – Small cone shaped hills of sand and gravel from streams on
    top of glaciers
    – F. Kettles
    • 1. Formation and description
    – Circular hollows on terminal moraines and outwash plains
    formed from large blocks of ice settling out and melting
    – G. Deltas
    • 1. Formation and description
    – When glacial streams empty into lakes
    KAMES
    KETTLE LAKES
    • B. Kettle lakes
    – 1. Formation
    • Water from ice melt left behind in kettles
    – 2. Examples
    • Zillions of them in Minnesota and Wisconsin, not to
    mention the Great Lakes
    A Kettle Lake.
    Glaciers carve out the Great Lakes

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