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    MATHONGO - Formula Sheet - SET RELATION: Intersection of Two Sets

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    Shyam Lal Verma
    This document defines and explains key concepts relating to sets and their operations, including: 1) The union and intersection of sets are defined as the sets containing elements that are in at least one of the sets (union) or in all sets (intersection). 2) The complement of a set B in set A contains elements that are in A but not in B. 3) Properties of set operations like unions, intersections and complements are described, including De Morgan's laws. 4) Relations between sets are defined as subsets of the Cartesian product, with domains and images explained. 5) An equivalence relation is a relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

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    MATHONGO - Formula Sheet - SET RELATION: Intersection of Two Sets

    Uploaded by

    Shyam Lal Verma
    103 views3 pages
    This document defines and explains key concepts relating to sets and their operations, including: 1) The union and intersection of sets are defined as the sets containing elements that are in at least one of the sets (union) or in all sets (intersection). 2) The complement of a set B in set A contains elements that are in A but not in B. 3) Properties of set operations like unions, intersections and complements are described, including De Morgan's laws. 4) Relations between sets are defined as subsets of the Cartesian product, with domains and images explained. 5) An equivalence relation is a relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

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    Maths class 12 ch-1

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    Maths

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    This document defines and explains key concepts relating to sets and their operations, including: 1) The union and intersection of sets are defined as the sets containing elements that are in at least one of the sets (union) or in all sets (intersection). 2) The complement of a set B in set A contains elements that are in A but not in B. 3) Properties of set operations like unions, intersections and complements are described, including De Morgan's laws. 4) Relations between sets are defined as subsets of the Cartesian product, with domains and images explained. 5) An equivalence relation is a relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    103 views3 pages

    MATHONGO - Formula Sheet - SET RELATION: Intersection of Two Sets

    Uploaded by

    Shyam Lal Verma
    This document defines and explains key concepts relating to sets and their operations, including: 1) The union and intersection of sets are defined as the sets containing elements that are in at least one of the sets (union) or in all sets (intersection). 2) The complement of a set B in set A contains elements that are in A but not in B. 3) Properties of set operations like unions, intersections and complements are described, including De Morgan's laws. 4) Relations between sets are defined as subsets of the Cartesian product, with domains and images explained. 5) An equivalence relation is a relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

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    MATHONGO – formula sheet – SET RELATION

    Union of Two Sets


    A B
    Let A and B be two sets.

    Then, A  B  {x : x  A or x  B}
    Clearly, A  A  B, B  A  B A B
    and A B  B  A

    Intersection of Two Sets


    Intersection of two sets A and B is denoted by A B and,

    A  B  {x : x  A and x  B} A B
    Trivially, A  B  A, A  B  B
    and A  B  B  A.
    A B
    Complement of a Set
    Complement of a set B in set A is written as A ~ B  {x : x  A, x  B}
     
    e.g. I ~ N  {.... 3,  2,  1, 0}.
     
    The set of irrational numbers  R ~ Q

    In any discussion involving sets and their


    A B
    operations, we presume that all these
    A'
    sets are subsets of a parent set called
    Universal set, U. The complements of A
    A~B A

    and U is denoted by AC or

    A'  {x : x  A} .

    Some properties of operations on sets

    (a) A  (B  C)  ( A  B)  C
    (b) A  B  B  A, A     A B
    (c) A  B  A B  A  A B  B
    (d) (A  B)' A'B' and (A  B)' A' B' AB
    (De Morgan’s Law)

    n  n
    (e)  
    A ~  Ai   ( A ~ Ai )
     i 1  i 1
    (Generalized De Morgan’s Law)

    For more such resources and video lecture download the MathonGo App now. http://bit.ly/2CmMUs3
    MATHONGO – formula sheet – SET RELATION
    n  n
    (f)  
    A ~  Ai   ( A ~ Ai )
     i 1  i 1

    Symmetric difference of two sets


    AB  (A ~ B)  (B ~ A)

    Cartesian Product
    Let X be a non-empty set and a, b  X. Then the symbol (a,b) denotes ordered pair and is
    defined by property that (a, b)  (c,d) if and only if a  c and b  d. The cartesian product of
    sets A and B is denoted by A  B  B  A, moreover,

    A(B  C)  ( A  B)  ( A  C) and A  (B  C)  ( A  B)  ( A  C)

    Relations

    A relation from set of X to a set Y is a subset R of X Y . If Y


    (a, b) R, we say a is related to b and often write it as a R b. If

    X  Y, we say that R is relation on X. R


    Let R be a relation from X to Y. For each subset A of X, we write

    R( A)  {y Y : x R y for some x  A} X

    and call it the (direct) image of A under R, and for each subset B of Y, we write

    R 1(B)  {x  X : x R y for some y  B} and call it the inverse image of B under R.

    One can think of R1 as relation from Y to X, where

    yR1x  xRy

    that is, R 1  {(y, x ) : ( x, y )  R}

    R1 is called the reverse of the relation R.


    Domain of a relation R from a set X to a set Y is the set of all first components of the elements
    of R, i.e. dom R  {a  X : (a, b)  R for some b  R}

    Let R be a relation from X to Y and S from Y to Z, then SoR  {(x, z) | x  X, z  Z and

    y Y such that and (x, y ) R and (y, z)  S.

    For more such resources and video lecture download the MathonGo App now. http://bit.ly/2CmMUs3
    MATHONGO – formula sheet – SET RELATION
    Equivalence Relation

    A relation R on a set X (i.e. R  X  X ) is said to be

    (a) reflexive if x R x for all x  X.

    (b) symmetric if x R y  y R x, where x, y  X

    (c) transitive if x R y, y R z  x R z, where x, y, z  X

    (d) antisymmetric if x R y and y R x then x  y.

    Further, a relation R in a set X is said to be an equivalence relation if it is reflexive, symmetric


    and transitive.

    For more such resources and video lecture download the MathonGo App now. http://bit.ly/2CmMUs3

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