Snippet - 365: CSE (Mains) Fact File

SNIPPET - 365
CSE (Mains) Fact File
920527 4743 011-492 74400

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NOTES
GS - III
1. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of

resources, growth, development and employment
Ease of doing Business
Definitions:
• IBC consolidates various laws, regulations and rules concerning and classifies insolvency,
bankruptcy and liquidation of non-financial entities, systematically and comprehensively.
Since a ‘Code’ is a compendium of laws, thus, IBC becomes a code, than just being a
law.
• Insolvency: Inability of an entity to pay its bills as and when they become due and
payable
• Bankruptcy: Situation when an entity is declared incapable of paying their due and
payable bills
• Liquidation: Process of winding up a corporation or an incorporated entity.
Ease of doing business

Facts:
• India has jumped 30 positions to become the top 100th country in terms of ease of
doing business ranking
• The report says that it takes an average of 1,445 days (or nearly four years) to enforce
a contract in India.
• Starting a new business- The World Bank puts India at 156th position among 190
countries
• For construction permit India is ranked at 181.
• The all-told cost to a litigant to recover amounts legitimately due to him is 31% of the
value of the claim
Manufacturing
Facts
• India manufacturing sector has grown by over 7 per cent per year on average in the
past three decades and accounts for 16-20 % of India’s GDP.
• Industrial Disputes Act has lowered employment in organized manufacturing by about
25% (World Bank Study)
Global Manufacturing Index
• World Economic Forum released its Global Manufacturing Index and placed India on
the 30th position.
• Overall, India is ranked better than its neighbours Sri Lanka (66th), Pakistan (74th)
and Bangladesh (80th).
• The report took note of the ‘Make in India’ initiative to transform India into a
manufacturing hub and moving towards a more connected economy with an
announcement of a $59 billion investment in infrastructure in 2017
25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 73

Metro Pillar Number 117 • Tel. : 011-49274400, 9205274743
MSME SECTOR NOTES
Definition
• A micro enterprise: annual turnover does not exceed five crore rupees
• A small enterprise: annual turnover is more than five crore rupees but does not exceed
Rs 75 crore;
• A medium enterprise: annual turnover is more than 75 crore rupees but does not
exceed Rs 250 crore.
Schemes
1. Udyami Mitra Portal – It has been launched by SIDBI to improve accessibility of
credit and handholding services to MSMEs
2. Digital MSME Scheme – It involves usage of Cloud Computing where MSMEs use
the internet to access common as well as tailor-made IT infrastructure (including
software for managing their business processes) rather than installing in-house IT
Infrastructure
3. Revamped Scheme of Fund for Regeneration Of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)
– organizes traditional industries and artisans into clusters and make them
competitive by enhancing their marketability & equipping them with improved Skills.
4. A Scheme for Promoting Innovation, Rural Industry & Entrepreneurship
(ASPIRE) - creates new jobs & reduce unemployment, promotes entrepreneurship
culture, facilitates innovative business solution etc.
Importance of MSMEs

2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. NOTES
Growing Income Inequality in India

Our inequality materializes our upper class, vulgarizes our middle class,
brutalizes our lower class - MATTHEW ARNOLD
Definition
• Income inequality refers to income distributed in an uneven manner among a population.
• Income inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient, which is 0 when everybody has
the same income and 1 when one person has all the income) negatively affects growth
and its sustainability.
Constitution
• It is directive to government of country under Article 38 – 44th amendment– to reduce
inequalities in income, status
Report and Indexes
1. World Inequality Report 2018
• The report finds that the top 1% of income earners received 6% of the total income
in the early 1980s, close to 15% of it in 2000, and receives 22% in 2014.
2. Oxfam Report
• Oxfam report titled ‘Reward Work, Not Wealth’, noted that the richest 1% in India
cornered 73% of the wealth generated in 2017 while bottom 67 crore Indians saw
their wealth rise by just 1%
3. IMF
• According to IMF estimate, one percentage point increase in the income share of the
top 20% will drag down growth by 0.08% over five years, while a rise in the income
share of the bottom 20% actually boosts growth.
Inclusive Development Index
• India was ranked 62nd among 74 emerging economies.
Performance of India
• Of the three pillars, India ranks decent on inclusion, growth & development and inter-
generational equity.
• Though the incidence of poverty has declined in India over the past five years, 6 out of
10 Indians still live on less than $3.20 per day. Thus, there is substantial scope for
improvement for India in this aspect.
Financial Inclusion
Definition
• Financial inclusion means that individuals and businesses have access to useful and
affordable financial products and services that meet their needs – transactions, payments,
savings, credit and insurance – delivered in a responsible and sustainable way.
Facts
Global Findex Report 2017
• World Bank has released Global Findex Report.
• The number of account holders in India has risen from 35% in 2011 to 80% in 2017.
During 2014-17, 51.4 crore bank accounts were opened worldwide out of which 55%
were in India.
• However in developed countries 94% of adults have an account.

• Only 36% of account holder in India make or receive digital payments. Global average is NOTES
76% whereas the average of developed nations is 91%.
Digitisation of Economy after Demonetisation
• According to a 2014 study by Tufts University, cash operations cost the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) and commercial banks about Rs 21,000 crore annually.
• From october 2016 to May 2017 - Value-wise, UPI recorded a growth of Rs 0.49 billion
to Rs 27.65 billion, more than 56 times growth during the same period.
Employment
Unemployment Rate
• The unemployment rate in 2015-16 was 5% of the labour force, up from 4.9% in 2013-
14.
Employment in Informal Sector
• According to NSSO data, there have been more jobs created in the informal sector than
the formal and more than 90% of the population is employed in informal jobs
• According to the Arjun Sengupta Committee report 92.4% of the population is engaged
in informal sector
• In India, according to the 2015-16 Economic Survey out of the 10.5 million new
manufacturing jobs created between 1989 and 2010, only 3.7 million — about 35% —
were in the formal sector.
• The number of contract workers has increased from 12% of all registered manufacturing
workers in 1999 to 25% in 2010.
Female labour force participation
• Contribution in GDP: 17%, India has a lower share of women’s contribution to GDP
than the global average of 37%.
• National Sample Survey (NSS) data for India show that labour force participation rates
of women aged 25-54 (including primary and subsidiary status) have stagnated at about
26-28% in urban areas, and fallen substantially from 57% to 44% in rural areas,
between 1987 and 2011.
• India can potentially boost its GDP by $700 billion in 2025, translating to 1.4% per
year of incremental GDP growth, by raising female labour-force participation rate by
just 10 percentage points, from 31% to 41%. This requires us to bring in 68 million
more women into the workforce – ILO
Automation
• The IT services industry alone is set to lose 6.4 lakh low-skilled positions to automation
by 2021.
• World Bank research - Automation threatens 69% of the jobs in India, while it is 77%
in China.
MGNREGA
Objectives
1. To provide guaranteed 100 days of wage employment per year to each rural
household
2. Creation of durable rural assets
3. Social inclusion of women, SCs and STs
4. Strengthen the Panchayati Raj Institutions

Data NOTES
• In FY2015-16, out of the total employment through MGNREGA, 56% was generated for
women.
• The percentage of Scheduled Caste workers has consistently been about 20% and
Scheduled Tribe workers has been about 17%.
Problems
• Delays in wage payments have been a serious concern under MGNREGA with only 44 per
cent, 37 per cent, 27 per cent and 50 per cent of the wages being paid on time in fiscal years
2016-17, 2015-16, 2014-15 and 2013-14 respectively.
• As of 2016-17, total amount of wage pending is Rs. 11000 crore.
Benefits of MGNREGA
3. Government Budgeting
India’s Tax Base
Facts
• Currently the total number of individual taxpayers at 6.08 crore, constitute only 4.86
per cent of India’s total population of 125 crore.
• Country’s total taxpayer base increased to 6.41 crore in 2016-17 from 4.38 crore in
Assessment Year 2011-12 which shows a rise of over 46 percent over five years with
individual taxpayers registering a faster growth rate than total taxpayers.
• The Economic Survey 2017-18 highlighted that there has been a decline in the reliance
on direct taxes in India which contribute only around 35 percent of total taxes as
against a contribution of about 70 per cent in Europe.
Impact of GST on Tax Net
• The introduction of the goods and services tax (GST) has brought more firms into the
tax net. The number of enterprises paying indirect taxes has gone up by 3.4 million, an
increase of 50%.
• Tax buoyancy (responsiveness of tax growth to nominal GDP growth) is 1.2, which is
high by the historical standards for indirect taxes.

Shell Companies NOTES
Definition
• In India Shell companies are not
defined under Companies Act, 2013
or any other legislation.
• Some laws can help curb illegal
activities such as money laundering
and can indirectly be used to target
shell companies
1. Benami Transaction (Prohibition)
Amendment Act 2016;
2. The Prevention of Money
Laundering Act 2002
3. The Companies Act, 2013 etc
New Criteria for dubious firms
Subsidies
Data
• Fertiliser subsidy - about 0.73 lakh crore or 0.5 percent of GDP, second highest after
food
• Only 35% of total subsidy reaches the intended beneficiaries.
Impact of Public Expenditure and Subsidies on Productivity and Poverty

* Total subsidy is 12% of budget

Mobilisation of resource NOTES
Consumption and Saving Rate

• According to the World Bank, Household consumption accounted for 59.4% of the GDP
in 2016.
• Total savings, amounted to 32.5% of the GDP, of which household savings alone
contributed 23.6% to the GDP, according to NITI Aayog
Banking
Recapitalisation
Definition
• In the case of Public Sector banks, recapitalization is injection of capital mainly through
equity investment by the government to financially strengthen them.
Need of Recapitalisation
• Rising NPA - Compared to private sector banks, the gross NPA of PSBs have grown
exponentially over the last 10 years (from 2.9 per cent in 2013 to 13.8 per cent in
2016).
• Low credit growth -Credit growth to the services sector decelerated to 7% in September
2017 as well, down from the increase of 18.4% in September 2016.
Recapitalisation Plan for PSBs
Non-Performing Assets
Definitions:
• NPA or Non-Performing Assets are loans or advances that are in default or are in
arrears on scheduled payments of principal or interest, usually for a period of 90 days.
Data on NPAs
• All the 38 listed banks accounted for gross NPAs totalling over Rs 10.17 lakh crore in
the quarter ended March 2018. In comparison, the gross NPAs of all the banks in the
country had amounted to Rs 8.40 lakh crore as on December 31, 2017.
• Leading corporate houses and companies accounted for approximately 77 per cent of
the total gross NPAs from domestic operations for the banks.

Agricultural NPA NOTES
• According to RBI data, agriculture NPAs rose over 23 per cent from Rs 48,800 crore in
2016 to Rs 60,200 crore in 2017.
• Farm sector bad loans constitute 8.3 percent of the total banking sector NPAs of March
2017. However, it is fairly less than compared to non-priority sector with accounts
for 76.7% of total NPAs
• Compared to non-priority sector credit where borrowers have defaulted 20.83 percent
of the credit, farmers have defaulted only 6 percent of their total credit.
Power Sector NPA
• Around 22% of India’s installed power-generation capacity burdens Indian banks as
non-performing assets (NPA).
• The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Energy report noted that there were 34
stressed assets in the sector with an overall capacity of 40 GW and a total outstanding
debt of nearly Rs 2 lakh crore.
Impact of NPA
Impact of NPA
Banking Reforms Roadmap
• The reform agenda, aimed at EASE – Enhanced Access and Service Excellence, is
based on six themes. Capital infusion is dependent on PSB performance on these reform
themes
1) Customer Responsiveness
2) Responsible Banking
3) Credit Off-take
4) PSBs as UdyamiMitra
5) Deepening Financial Inclusion & Digitalisation: micro-insurance, digitalisation
6) Ensuring outcomes: Governance/HR

7. Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and NOTES
tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including

India).
Travel and Tourism
Report of the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
• In 2017 India’s travel and tourism sector ranks 7th in the world in terms of its total
contribution to the country’s GDP
• The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was 9.4% of GDP in 2017
Infrastructure
Roadways
• Nearly 5 lakh road accidents take place in the country every year, in which close to
1.5 lakh lives are lost.
• Road traffic fatalities constitute 16.6% of all deaths, making this the sixth leading
cause of death in India.
• As a signatory to the Brasilia Declaration on Road Safety, India has committed to
reducing, by 2020, the number of road crash fatalities and serious injuries by 50%.
This will be possible to achieve with the passage of the Motor Vehicles bill 2017.
Scheme
1. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana
• 82% of the target has been achieved by 2017.
2. BharatmalaPrayojana
• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has decided to develop around 1,900
km of roads as green-field expressways out of which 800 km will be taken up in the
BharatmalaPariyojana Phase-I.
• Bharatmala will provide NH linkage to 550 districts, as against around 300 Districts
Infrastructure status to Logistics
Infrastructure Status to Logistics
Ports
Data
• Inland Container depots ICDs in India containerize only 17 to 18% cargo, below the
international standards of 76 to 77 %
• Involvement of ICD will help in reducing the logistics cost, as currently it account for
14-15% of manufacturing costs, which is among the highest in the world.

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE NOTES
Facts
• India’s annual per capita spending on cities is $50 which is less than that of China
($362), South Africa ($508) and U.K. ($1772).
Schemes
• Credit linked subsidy under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Housing for All
• National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) for infrastructure development
in commercially viable projects, both Greenfield and Brownfield, including stalled projects.
Electric Vehicles
Facts
• India is expected to save over 5 crore litres of fuel every year leading to a reduction of
over 5.6 lakh tonnes of annual CO2 emission with 20,000 EVs on road.
• Cost for an electric car is just 85 paisa/km against Rs 6.5/km for normal cars. Thus
EVs help us achieve autonomy from expensive petroleum imports
• Recent targets by NITI Aayog indicate 40% of personal vehicles and public transportation
in the country should go completely electric by 2030.
Related Scheme
1. FAME India Scheme: The scheme has 4 focus areas i.e. Technology development,
Demand Creation, Pilot Projects and Charging Infrastructure.
Universal Electrification
• Definition: Existing definition to declare a village electrified is coverage of a mere 10%
of households and common facilities such as schools, panchayats and health centres.
Facts
• According to DDUGJY website, 99.8% of census villages have been electrified by February,
2018.
• “Intensive electrification” (household electrification) has been completed in around 80%
of villages.
• In India only around 71% of all households have electricity with considerable rural-
urban gap.
• DDUGJY website shows that only six states had 24-hour power supply in rural areas in
December 2017.
Energy Transition index
• It was released by World Economic Forum.
• India has been ranked at 78th position which is lower than Brazil and China
• Transmission and Distribution (T&D) or Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C)
losses are around 20% in 2015-16
• Present AT&C loss - Total AT&C Loss is 25.05% (Aug 2018)
ENERGY ACCESS
Definition
• International Energy Agency (IEA) defines energy access as “a household having reliable
and affordable access to both clean cooking facilities and to electricity, which is enough
to supply a basic bundle of energy services initially, and then an increasing level of
electricity over time to reach the regional average”.

Facts NOTES
• India is world’s third largest energy consumer after the US and China.
• In 2014, 1.06 billion people lived without access to electricity— Approx 40 % were in India.
• 25% (45 million) of rural households across the India have no electricity
• Currently, about 2.8 billion people lack access to clean cooking and 2.3 billion people
are expected to remain without access to clean cooking by 2030.
• Renewables will make up 40 % of total power generation by 2040.
• India’s refining capacity would grow by around two-thirds by 2040, becoming third-
largest refining centre behind the US and China.
Schemes for improving energy access
1. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY): It focuses on feeder separation
(rural households & agricultural) and strengthening of sub-transmission & distribution
infrastructure including metering at all levels in rural areas.
2. UDAY (Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana) for improvement in financial and operational
efficiencies of State Power Distribution Companies (DISCOMs)
3. Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojna (Saubhagya Scheme): To supply electricity
to all households by December 2018.
4. UJALA (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All)Yojana: Under it subsidised LED
bulbs were distributed to public.
5. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana- Scheme for Providing Free LPG connections to Women
from BPL Households.
Biomass
Definition:
Biomass energy constitutes wood fuels (including charcoal, wood waste wood), crop residues
(such as bagasse, rice husk and crop stalks) and animal dung (including biogas).
Facts
• As per Census 2011, about 65.9 percent of households depend on solid biomass,
including firewood, crop residue and cow dung as primary fuel for cooking in India.
• About 32% of the total primary energy use in the country is derived from biomass.
• Bio-fuels are expected to contribute 5000 MW to the overall renewable energy target of
175,000 MW by 2022
• Under NBMMP, about 47.5 Lakh biogas plants have already been installed in the
country upto 31st March, 2014.
• Potential: India has a potential of about 18 GW of energy from Biomass.
• Economy based on Biomass: Biomass power industry attracts investments of over
Rs.600 crores every year, generating more than 5000 million units of electricity and
yearly employment of more than 10 million man-days in the rural areas
Renewable Energy
Facts
• Renewable energy, accounted for 18.37 per cent of the total installed power capacity in
India in 2017
Renewable Energy Policies in a Time Of Transition
• Heating is the largest energy end-use, accounting for over 50% of total final energy
consumption in 2015, with over 70% of that met by fossil fuels.
• Transport is the second largest energy end use sector, accounting for 29% of total final
energy consumption in 2015, and 64.7% of world oil consumption.

METHANOL ECONOMY NOTES
Definition
• It is known as wood alcohol, it is colourless, obtained both naturally and artificially,
biodegradable, flammable, poisonous, and renewable source of energy.
• it is a single carbon compound made from the destructive distillation of wood and also
produced from coal, natural gas, biomass (i.e. products which are capable of producing
syngas),
Facts
• Country’s 90% of demand of methanol is met by the import.
• China is the leading producer of Methanol in the world.
• India has the 5th largest coal reserves (feedstock of methanol) which can be utilised for
methanol and DME (Dimethyl ether) production.
• India is the 6th highest consumer of fossil fuel and would become 3rd largest consumer
by 2030.
• Adoption of methanol will minimise fossil consumption e.g. Methanol will reduce 20%
diesel consumption by next 5-7 year
WIND POWER IN INDIA

Facts
• India’s overall installed capacity
with renewables accounts for
over 17% (April 2017).
• Contribution of wind power is
at 56.2% solar power is at 21.8
%
• India is at 4th position in term
of wind power installed capacity
after China, USA and Germany
• India’s Integrated Energy
Policy projects 800 GW
installed capacity in 2031-32
out of which 40 % will come
from renewable energy.
Government Steps and
initiatives
1. National Offshore Wind
Energy Policy: It paves the way
for setting up of offshore wind Wind Power Potential of India
power projects and research and development activities, in waters, in or adjacent to the
country, up to the seaward distance of 200 Nautical Miles (EEZ of the country) from the
baseline. It removes the land availability barrier for wind power generation and utilizes
7600 km coastline in India.
2. Guidelines for Development of Onshore Wind Power Projects: To facilitate development
of wind projects in an efficient, cost-effective and environmentally benign manner.
3. Green Energy Corridors Project: Power evacuation and transmission infrastructure
for renewables is being augmented as part of the “Green Energy Corridors” project.
4. Draft Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy: It aims to add wind-solar hybrid capacity of 10 GW by
2022.

Agriculture NOTES
Data
• Less than 1% of the Agricultural GDP in India is spent on research.
• Average landholding sizedecreasing from 2.3 ha in 1971 to 1.16 ha in 2011.
• According to recent estimates of the Central Statistics Office, the growth of Gross Value
Added in agriculture declined from 4.1 per cent in 2016-17 to barely 2.1 per cent in
2017-18.
• Water-demand varies across states given differing weather conditions. In Punjab, over
5,330 litres go into producing 1 kg, while in Bengal this needs 2,700 litres.
Farmer Suicide
• 6,926 farmers and agricultural labourers committed suicide in the state during 2000–
10 as per the census-based study.
• Among the victim farmers, about 79% were small and marginal farmers cultivating up
to two hectares of land.
Source of Credit in Rural area
• NABARD Report:Around one-third of total households take loan from money lenders
and other non-financial institutions.
• Although around 60 per cent of households take loans from financial institutions, the
average amount of loan from non-institution is more than double than any financial
institution.
• The average loan per household from non-institutional sources is Rs 63, 645 whereas
average loan from financial institution is Rs 28, 207.
• As per a report submitted by the RBI to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on
Agriculture in response to its queries, only 42.2% of agricultural credit disbursed in
2016-17 went to small and marginal farmers
Problem in Sugarcane Agriculture
• The cost of sugar production in India is one of the highest in the world mainly due to
high sugar cane cost, uneconomic production process, inefficient technology and high
taxes exercised by the state and the central governments.
• The per capita annual consumption of sugar is about 10 kg in India, whereas it is
about 20 kg in the world
India’s Agriculture Export
• India’s agri export - little over 2% of world agri-trade (estimated at US$ 1.37 Trillion).
• India’s rank among major exporter - 9th (WTO 2015)
• Indian agricultural exports grew at 9% compared to China (8%), Brazil (5.4%) and
US (5.1%) between 2007 and 2016.
• Agricultural export is 10 percent of Indian exports and is the fourth-largest exported
principal commodity.
Government initiatives for farmers’ welfare
1. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
2. Soil health cards
3. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
4. National Agriculture Market (eNAM)
Recommendations of Ashok Dalwai committee, on doubling farmers’ incomes (DFI)
• Improve Institutional Arrangement/Overhaul of the Union agriculture ministry

• Liberalize the definition of a ‘farmer’ to include cultivators, lessee farmers and NOTES
sharecroppers
• Undertake land reforms such as incentivizing land pooling through legislating the
Model Land Leasing Act 2016, draft a Model Contract Farming Act, encouraging Farmer
producer organisations and comprehensive digitisation of land records.
• Reduce production risks and market unpredictability
• Liberalize and simplify agriculture policies such as ensuring greater choice of inputs
to farmers at right quality and rational costs, liberalizing seed chain etc.
• Improve grassroot level participation
• Tackle climate change: through rigorous monitoring, deploying technologies to mitigate
adverse impact,preparing farmers for possible shifts in practices and habits, bringing
changes in cropping system, crop selection and livestock care.
Organic Agriculture
Definition
• Organic agriculture is defined as a production system that sustains the health of soils,
ecosystems and people. It depends on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles
adapted to local
conditions, rather than
the use of inputs with
adverse effects.
Facts
• India has the largest
number of organic
producers in the world,
according to the World of
Organic Agriculture
Report 2018. It is home
to more than 30 percent
of total number of
organic producers (2.7
million) in the world.
• Area under certified
organic cultivation, India
contributes only 2.59%
(1.5 million hectares) of
the total area (57.8
Organic Farming
million hectares).
4. Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems-storage

Micro Irrigation
Definition:
It can be defined as the application of water at low volume and frequent interval under low
pressure to plant root zone.
Data
• The average penetration level of Micro-irrigation in India is 5.5%, which is much
lesser compared to countries like Israel, US and even China

• The task force on micro irrigation had estimated a potential of 69.5 million hectare NOTES
under micro irrigation, whereas the area covered so far is only about 10 million hectares.
• A principle objective of the National Water Mission is to increase water use efficiency by
20 percent.
• Irrigation for agriculture alone accounts for over 80% of water use in India, more than
any other sector.
Indian Agriculture Sector: Productivity Challenges
Economics of animal rearing

Facts
• During the past three years, India has outpaced the global milk production with an
annual growth rate of 5.53% compared with the 2.09% achieved globally.
• India has been the largest producer of milk in the world for the past 15 years.
• The livestock sector contributes around 4% to India’s gross domestic product (GDP)
• Nearly 80 per cent of India’s milk production is contributed by small and marginal
farmers.
• Of tested birds destined for meat consumption, 87% had the super germs based on a
study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
Schemes for animal rearing
1. Rashtriya Gokul Mission that aims to raise the productivity of indigenous and
nondescript cattle by creating a “super elite” population of indigenous cattle.

Horticulture sector in India NOTES
Facts
• India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world, and a top
producer of crops like banana, mango and lemons.
• Horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural GDP.
• Production of horticulture crops (fruits, vegetables and spices) in 2017 has overtaken
the production of food grains for the fifth year in a row.
• However, India’s share in the global market accounts for just 1.7% of the global trade in
vegetables and 0.5% in fruits.
Schemes
1. Coordinated Horticulture Assessment and Management using geo-informatics
(CHAMAN): It uses Geographical Information System tools along with remote sensing
data for generating action plans for horticultural development.
2. BHUVAN is a software application which allows users to explore a 2D/3D representation
of the surface of the Earth.
3. NADAMS: This system is meant to provide real-time information about the prevalence
and severity of droughts at district and sub-district level
4. FASAL (Forecasting agricultural output using space, agro-meteorological and land-
based observations) this programme has been evolving into a reliable crop prediction
mechanism.
SILK PRODUCTION
Facts
• India is the second largest producer of silk in the world. It provides employment to
over 8.25 million people in the country.
• Four major types of silk produced in India: Mulberry, Tasar, Muga, Eri of which Mulberry
accounts for 70% of total raw silk production
• Karnataka is the leading producer of silk followed by Andhra Pradesh
Schemes and Initiatives
1. North East Region Textile Promotion Scheme (NERTPS) It aims to develop and
modernise the textile sector in the Northeast Region by providing the required
Government support in terms of raw material, machinery, skill development etc.
2. Integrated Scheme for the Development of Silk Industry It is a central sector scheme
implemented by Central Silk Board,It focuses on improving production, quality and
productivity of domestic silk so as to reduce the country’s dependence on imported silk.
SEED INDUSTRY
Facts
• The research investment by private companies remained at a meager 3-4% of revenue
against the international norm of 10-12%, due to complex and weak IPR regime and
various licensing term for the companies.
• Seed replacement rate continues to remain below the desired level of 20% for most
crops.
EDIBLE OIL IMPORT

Facts
• India is among major oilseed growers and edible oil importers.
• Palm oil accounts for more than half of India’s total edible oil imports.

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• India’s vegetable oil economy is world’s fourth largest after USA, China and Brazil. NOTES
• The oilseed accounts for 13% of the gross cropped area, 3% of the Gross National
Product and 10% value of all agricultural commodities
• Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) removed the decades-old ban on export
of bulk edible oils, except mustard oil
• Counter Argument: Country’s annual edible oil demand stands at nearly 22 million
tonnes and is growing by 3% to 4% per year. India meets only about 40% of its total
edible oil demand.
Major Schemes
1. ISOPOM (Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize)
• Financial assistance is provided to farmers for purchase of breeder seed, production
of foundation seed, production and distribution of certified seed etc.
FISHERY SECTOR IN INDIA

Facts
• India became second largest fish producing country in the world
• Constituting more than 6% of the global fish production, the sector contributes to more
than 1% of the GDP and over 5% of the agricultural GDP.
• There are two branches of fishery sector Inland Fisheries (65%Production) & Marine
Fisheries (35%).
• Fish and fish products accounts for around 10% of the total exports of the country and
nearly 20% of the agricultural exports.
Schemes and Initiatives
1. An umbrella scheme ‘Blue Revolution: Integrated Development and Management of
Fisheries’ has been formulated by merging all the existing schemes. It will cover inland
fisheries, aquaculture and marine fisheries including deep sea fishing, mariculture and
all activities undertaken by the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB).
2. “Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture” under macro-management
approach in various states. It includes Productive Utilization of Inland Saline/Alkaline
Soils for Aquaculture, Integrated Development of Inland Capture Resources etc.
LEATHER INDUSTRY
Facts
• India is the second largest producer of footwear and leather garments in the world and
accounts for 13% of the world’s leather production of hides/skins.
• The entire leather product sector is de-licensed, and 100% FDI is permitted through
the automatic route
• Highly labour intensive and employs over 3 million people (30% are women)
Schemes and Initiatives in leather industry
• Indian Footwear, Leather & Accessories Development Programme (IFLADP)
• ‘Indian Leather Development Programme (ILDP)
GARMENT SECTOR
Facts
• It contributes 14% of total Industrial Production
• Both textile and apparel sector is the second largest employment provider in the
country employing total of nearly 7.5 % of India’s workforce directly and indirectly

Schemes and Initiatives NOTES
1. Duty Drawback Scheme The scheme pertain to refund of duty of customs and duty of
central excise that are chargeable on imported and indigenous materials used in the
manufacture of exported goods
2. Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS): The government has doubled the
rates of incentives under the MEIS for garments and made-ups exporters for a period of
eight month.
3. Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP): Infuse funding for infrastructure of Textile
parks.
5. Food processing and related industries in India

Infrastructure for food processing
• Only 10-11 per cent of the fruits and vegetables produced in India use cold storage.
• Storage capacity needs to be increased by 40 per cent to avoid wastage.
6. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and

effects in everyday life
Awareness in the field of Space; biotechnology; Computers, robotics
DNA Fingerprinting
Definition: DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify an individual from a sample of
DNA by looking at different patterns in their DNA.
DNA Finger Printing
Space Debris
• Only 7% of the total 19,000 artificial objects presently being tracked in Earth orbit
are functional satellites. The remaining objects are collectively known as “space debris”.

Big Data NOTES
• Definition: Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional
data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them. Big data challenges
include capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer,
visualization, querying, updating and information privacy
Artificial Intelligence
Definitions
• Artificial Intelligence refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like
thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making.
• It enables computer system to carry out task on their own that otherwise requires
human intelligence.
• Machine Learning, a term coined by Artur Samuel in 1959, based on the idea that
systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human
intervention.
• Deep Learning is a technique for implementing Machine Learning. It is inspired by the
structure and function of the brain called artificial neural networks
Facts
• India accounts for just 6% of global AI companies.
• The IT and ITeS services sector in India has
been of tremendous importance to its
economy eventually growing to account for
7.7% of India’s GDP (2016) makes india
potentially A.I. leader
• Accenture said AI has the potential to
increase India’s annual growth rate of gross
value added (GVA) by 1.3 percentage points,
lifting the country’s income by 15 percent
by 2035.
Recent Initiatives
• Government of India has recently released
its report on the adoption of AI in India.
The report has suggested building an AI
policy with a five-year mission
• The Indian government think tank NITI Aayog
has already organised two international
hackathons on artificial intelligence, &
national case competition to explore the
application of artificial intelligence in the
field of agritech.
Application of AI
DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK
Definition
• Data protection is the process of protecting data and involves the relationship between
the collection and dissemination of data and technology, the public perception and
expectation of privacy and the political and legal underpinnings surrounding that data.

• It aims to strike a balance between individual privacy rights while still allowing data to NOTES
be used for business purposes. Data protection is also known as data privacy or
information privacy.
• Supreme Court in Puttaswamy case held the right to privacy as an intrinsic part of
the right to life and personal liberty and recognised that ‘informational privacy’ is an
important aspect of the right to privacy that can be claimed against state and non-state
actors.
Committee
• The Justice BN Srikrishna committee submitted its report on the data protection law.
Laws Related
• Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Sensitive Personal Data
or Information) Rules, 2011 provide for protection of sensitive personal data. But they
deal only with the corporate sector leaving the government out of its ambit and even
obviating the need of consent of provider in sharing information with government
agencies.
Recommendation of Justice BN Srikrishna committee
Recommendation of Justice BN Srikrishna committee

LITHIUM ION (LI-ION) BATTERY NOTES
Definition
• These are rechargeable batteries having high energy density and commonly used in
consumer electronics.
• It uses intercalated lithium compound instead of metallic lithium as its electrode and is
able to store 150 watt-hours electricity per kg of battery
Facts
• India is one of the largest importers and in 2017, it imported nearly 150 Million US
Dollar worth Li-Ion batteries.
ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (APIs)

Definition
• Bulk drugs or APIs are the active raw materials used in a drug that give it the therapeutic
effect.
Facts
• India’s API imports from top five countries stood at Rs 18,372 crore in 2016-17 with
China accounting for 66%.
Committees
• V.M. Katoch committee was formed to formulate a long-term policy and strategy for
promoting domestic manufacture of APIs/bulk drugs in India
Recommendations
• Establishment of Large Manufacturing Zones (LMZs)/ Mega Parks for APIs.
• Mega Parks need to be provided with common facilities such Effluent Treatment
Plants (ETPs), Testing facilities, Assured power supply, Common Utilities/Services
such as storage, testing laboratories, IPR management ,
• Proper rules and regulations to check on the pollution level and the quality of
output.
• Single window clearance and fiscal and Financial incentives such as tax breaks,
soft loans etc. should be made available.
7. Issues relating to intellectual property rights

Data
• As per WIPO report 2016, India is ranked 10th in terms of resident patent filing
activity.
• About 13% of the country’s high-value patents are related to green technologies in
line with the world average These technologies include green buildings, carbon capture
and storage, climate change mitigation technologies related to production and processing
goods, and water-related adaptation technologies.
8. Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization
of technology and developing new technology.
BRAIN GAIN: INDIAN SCIENTISTS RETURNING TO INDIA
• Indian scientist working internationally and returning to India showed a 70 percent
jump in last 5 years
• Funding is another major obstacle for developing a favourable environment for quality
research. India invests less than 1% of its GDP in scientific research.

Initiatives and Schemes NOTES
1. Ramanujan Fellowship Program : For Indian scientists and engineers from all over
the world, especially those who wish to return to India, to take up scientific research
positions at any of the scientific institutions and universities in India.
2. Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) Faculty Scheme:
offers a contractual research positions to Indian citizens and people of Indian origin
including NRI/PIO status with PhD (in science, engineering, pharmacy, medicine, and
agriculture related subjects) from any recognized university in the world
Disaster and disaster management
• Total global disaster losses from climate-related events in 2017 stood at US$ 320
billion making 2017 the most expensive year on record.
Climate change and disaster risk reduction
Disaster Risk

DISASTER-RELATED DISPLACEMENT IN INDIA NOTES
Facts
• UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) report, India has been ranked as the
world’s most disaster-prone country for displacement of residents.
• According to report, on an average 14 million people each year are displaced by due to
natural disaster
Committees/International Effort.
• Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction outlines seven clear targets and four
priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing
8. Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation,

environmental impact assessment.
INDIA STATE OF FOREST REPORT 2017
Facts
• India is ranked 10th in the world, with 24.4% of land area under forest (21.53%) and
tree cover. The target is to achieve 33% of area under forest cover
• There is an increase of 1% (8,021 sq km) in the total forest and tree cover of the country,
compared to the previous assessment in 2015.
• Forest Survey of India reports show that forest cover in tribal districts, constituting
60% of the country’s total forest cover, increased by 3,211 sq. km over 2001-03
Green Cover
Carbon Sink
• According to Paris Climate Agreement, India has pledged to create a carbon sink of
2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by
2030.

Climate change NOTES
• As per World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ,the world experienced its hottest
five-year period on record between 2013-17
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) show that climate change might
increase the risk of hunger and malnutrition by up to 20 percent by 2050.
• The production of major crops (rice and wheat) could reduce by 7% and 10%,
respectively, by 2030, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) assessment report of 2014.
• Parliamentary Standing Committee on Agriculture has asserted that losses due to
climate change account for overall GDP loss of 1.5% of agricultural economy.
• About 75% of all greenhouse gas emissions are CO2 emissions produced through burning
fossil fuels — oil, coal and natural gas — to generate energy.
Environment Performance of India
• India ranked 177 out of 180 in recently released Environmental Performance Index.
• Its overall low ranking was linked to poor performance in the environment health
policy and deaths due to air pollution categories.
• The low rank of emerging economies including China (120) and India (177) indicates
strain population pressures and rapid economic growth impose on the environment.
Pollution Related Death

Facts
• Pollution was responsible for 9 million deaths in 2015 worldwide.
• One in six people die due to pollution globally and most of them occur in developing
countries like India.
• Financial cost from pollution-related death, sickness and welfare is about 6% of the
global Economy.
• Over 3 million people died due to pollution in India.
- 60% due to air pollution
- 21% water pollution
- 6% to occupational exposure
- 12% linked to lead pollution.
Air pollution
• India suffered a cost of $550 billion, about 8.5% of GDP, due to air pollution, according
to World Bank
• A report of the Lancet Commission on pollution and health states that around 19 lakh
people die prematurely every year from diseases caused by outdoor and indoor air pollution.
• A WHO survey of over 1,600 cities ranked the national capital as the most polluted.
Air pollution was 40 times higher than the permissible safety limits set by the World
Health Organization (WHO) and approximately 15 times higher than the Indian
standards.
• India’s 14 cities has joined the list of top 20 most-polluted cities in the world.
Source of Air pollution Delhi
• As per IIT Kanpur Report, 98% of the sulphur dioxide and 60% of the nitrogen oxide in
Delhi’s air were the result of pollution from thermal power plants, industrial clusters,
restaurants, and diesel generators.
• Additionally, the burgeoning number of automobiles on Delhi’s roads is responsible
for 20% of the deadly particulate matter (PM2.5)

NITROGEN EMISSION NOTES
Facts
• It has replaced methane as the second largest Greenhouse Gas (GHG) from Indian
agriculture.
• Agricultural soils contributed to over 70% of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, followed by
wastewater (12%) and residential and commercial activities (6%).
Recent Initiatives
• Soil Health Card provides information to farmers on nutrient status of their soil along
with recommendations on appropriate dosage of nutrients for crop.
• Mandatory neem-coated urea production to slow down the dissolution of nitrogen
into soil, resulting into less nutrient requirement.
• Bharat Stage Norms aim to regulate the harmful emission from vehicle
• National Air Quality Index (NAQI) has been implemented in which Nitrogen Dioxide is
one of the eight pollutants to be controlled and monitored.
Sulphur Dioxide Emissions in India

• Increasing proportion of SO2: Over the last 10 years, India’s SO2 emissions have
spiked by 50% and it could become the world’s largest emitter of the toxic air pollutant.
• Major reason: 70% of India’s electricity is from coal which contains about 3% of it is
sulphur.
Water Pollution
• About 1.8 million people die every year of diseases like cholera. Millions of others are
seriously sickened by a variety of water-related ailments many of which are easily preventable
E-waste
Definition
• Electronic waste is discarded electrical or electronic devices such as Mobile Phones ,
Computers, Televisions.
Facts
• India is 5th largest producer of e-waste.
• The main sources of electronic waste in India are industrial sectors, which account for
almost 71% of total waste generation.
• About 90.5% of the e-waste in India is being handled by the informal sector
Laws Related
• The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003
• Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of E-waste, 2008
• The E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011.
• E-Waste Management Rules, 2016
Global E-Waste
Facts
• E-waste has increased by 8% from 2014 to 2016 and expected to rise again by 17% by 2021.
• The Global E-waste Monitor 2017 report estimated that the value of recoverable precious
materials like gold, silver, copper, platinum and palladium was $55 billion in 2016.
• Only 12.5% of E-Waste is recycled, and 85% are sent to landfills and incinerators are
mostly burned releasing harmful toxins in air.

Plastic Pollution NOTES
Facts
• The annual consumption of plastic in India is nearly 12.8 million tonnes, and expected
to rise at a compound annual growth rate of 10%.
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) if current pollution rates continue,
there will be more plastic in the sea than fish by 2050
• Globally, only 14% of plastics is recycled.
• In India, more than 15,000 tonnes of plastic waste is generated every day, a third of
which remains uncollected.
• Microplastics make up 94 percent of an estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in the
patch
• An estimated 100,000 marine animals are strangled, suffocated, or injured by plastics
every year.
Plastic Pollution
Single-use Plastics
Definition:
• Also referred as disposable plastics, are commonly used for plastic packaging and include
items intended to be used only once before they are thrown away or recycled
• It account for 50% of the plastic we use, with none states in India have plans in place to
tackle single use plastics
• Loss of jobs and revenue: According to an study, statewide ban in Maharashtra will
result in loss of
up to Rs 15,000
crore and nearly
3 lakh job.
Laws Related
• Plastic Waste
(Management
and Handling)
Rules, 2016.

NOTES
Circular Economy
Solid Waste Management

• Nearly 75% of the waste generated in India is not treated
• According to World Health Organisation, 22 types of diseases can be prevented or
controlled by improving solid waste management in India.
• Global example: The Korean government has promoted the “SSSR Campaign” (Ahnabada
Campaign), which stands for “Save, Share, Swap, and Reuse,”
Solid waste collection

SAND MINING NOTES
Facts
• According to Ministry of Mines, in 2015-16, there were over 19,000 cases of illegal
mining of minor minerals, which including sand.
Laws Related
• Government has amended the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification
2006 to make environmental impact clearance mandatory for small-scale sand mines.
Impact of Sand Mining
EXCESSIVE NITROGEN IN ATMOSPHERE

Facts
• Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction
in both plants and animals. It comprises about 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere
• Agriculture is the main source of nitrogen pollution in India followed by Sewage and
organic solid wastes.
• Ammonia concentration in the atmosphere over India is the highest in the world due to
cattle population and excessive fertilizer use.
• Nitrogen in the form nitrous oxide (N2O) is a 300 times more potent as a GHG as
opposed to CO2
• Health impact: By Nitrogen Blue Baby Syndrome, reduced functioning of the thyroid
gland, Vitamin A shortages etc.

Laws Related NOTES
• Gothenburg Protocol: It aims to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level
Ozone..
• Kyoto Protocol: It aims to reduce the emissions of the Greenhouse Gases such as
Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Nitrogen Cycle
9. Conservation
• “State of India’s Environment 2017: suggests a worrying 52 per cent increase
in poaching and wildlife crimes between 2014 and 2016.
Tiger Population
• According to the tiger census of 2014, India is home to 2,226 tigers which is about
60% of the world’s wild tiger population of about 3,890.
• About 100,000 tigers roamed the forests of the world in 1900, but their numbers
dwindled steadily, hitting a low of 3,200 in 2010.
10. Security challenges and their management in border areas

Kashmir Problem
• Permanent solution to the Kashmir problem was based on five Cs, which he would
define as
1. Compassion
2. Communication
3. Coexistence
4. Confidence building
5. Consistency.

Defense Expenditure NOTES
• According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) report India

is the largest weapons importer country, accounting for nearly 12% of all global
weapon imports between 2013-17.
• India’s self-reliance continues to hover at 30% to 35%
• India has overtaken the United Kingdom in defence spending and broken into the top five.
• China’s budget on defence is Approximately thrice that of India
Top 5 Global Defence Spenders

(In US $ Billions)
• United States 602.8
• China 150.5
• Saudi Arabia 76.7
• Russia 61.2
• India 52.5
• (Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies, London)
Left Wing Extremism

• Ministry of Home Affair has recently redrew the red corridor by bringing down the
number of districts affected with Naxal violence from 106 to 90, spread across 11
states and worst-affected district to 30 from 36. Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha and
Bihar are declared severely affected by Left Wing Extremism
• Incidents of violence have seen a 20% decline with a 34% reduction in related deaths in
2017 as compared to 2013 indicating success of government efforts.
AFSPA
• Supreme court said that the conferring of powers vide Section 4 of AFSPA could not be
held arbitrary or violative of Article 14, 19 or 21 of the Constitution
11. Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role

of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges.
URBAN TERROR
Definition
• Urban Terror is the threat of terrorists applied to the urban environment which seeks
to unsettle and disrupt urban infrastructure and life.
Examples
1. Bomb Blasts in Mumbai (1993).
2. Bomb Blasts in Delhi (2005),
3. Mumbai 26/11 Attacks (2006)
Related Law
• The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1373 mandates all member
countries to initiate steps in this regard.
• The “Coastal Security Scheme” launched in March 2006 by the Union Home Ministry
• Government has enacted Counter Terror Legislations such POTA and TADA which also
deal with Urban Terror.
Committees
• Kargil Review Committee has given guidelines to manage internal security and deal
with menace of Urban terror

13. Basics of cyber security NOTES
Cyber bullying
Definition:
• Cyber bullying or cyber harassment is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic
forms of contact.
• Cyber bullying has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers. Harmful
bullying behavior can include posting rumors about a person, threats, sexual remarks,
disclose victims’ personal information, or pejorative labels (i.e., hate speech)
Facts
• Internal Security Threat Report of 2017 by Symantec India - India the fifth most
vulnerable country in the world in terms of cybersecurity breaches
• The recent Wanna Cry ransomware attack (May 2017), which infected more than
2,30,000 computers in over 150 countries, brought the compelling need for
cybersecurity policies and laws into sharp focus.
• This malware infected at least 48,000 computer systems across various organizations
in India.
• In India, in May 2017, a data breach at the food delivery App, Zomato, led to personal
information of about 17 million users being stolen and put for sale on the Darknet.
• Hackers stole data from 57 million Uber riders and drivers.
• While Windows operating systems were the most vulnerable to cyberattacks, a number
of Android threats have been reported in the last couple of years, including potent
crypto-ransomware attacks on Android devices.
Report
Survey by Norton by Symantec.
• Eight out of 10 people in India have experienced some form of online harassment,
• 41% of women having faced sexual harassment on the web, according to a new survey
commissioned by cybersecurity solutions firm,
CREATION OF SPACE, CYBER AND SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMANDS

Definition
• Cyber warfare involves the actions by a nation-state or international organization to
attack and attempt to damage another nation’s computers or information networks
through, for example, computer viruses or denial-of-service attacks.
• Space warfare is combat that takes place in outer space. Space warfare therefore includes
ground-to-space warfare, such as attacking satellites from the Earth, as well as space-
to-space warfare, such as satellites attacking satellites
Committees
• The armed forces are now finalizing the plan for creation of three new tri-Service
commands to handle space, cyber and Special Forces, which will be “critical” in
deploying capabilities for conventional as well asymmetric warfare in a unified manner.
• The Initiative is based on the recommendations of Chiefs of Staff Committee (in

2012) which had recommended creation of three joint commands due to their increased
relevance in modern warfare.

List of Government’s initiative for cyber security NOTES
1. Information Technology Act, 2000 (Amended in 2008)
2. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-in)
3. National Cyber Security Policy 2013
4. National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC)
5. National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)
6. National cyber coordination centre (NCCC)
7. Indian cyber-crime coordination centre (I4C) and Cyber Warrior Police force
8. Controller of Certifying Authorities: established under IT Act to license and regulate
the working of.
9. Certifying Authorities.
10. Digital Army Programme.

ALL INDIA MAINS TEST SERIES - 2018
with Face to Face Evaluation
Modus operandi of the All India Mains Test Series
1. Copy Evaluation infront of the student b. Subject faculty of the topic concerned would be
a. A student can schedule his/her test according to taking the class.
his/her own convenience. c. If any student fails to attend that class, video of the
b. After writing the test, S/he can book half an hour slot same shall be provided.
with the faculty. 4. Answer Hints shall consists of
c. At that predetermined slot, his/her copies would be a. Structure of the Answer – It shall be indicative of the
evaluated infront of him/her. ideal framework of the answer like what should come
d. The student can discuss his/her strengths and in introduction, body and conclusion. It shall be
weaknesses based on the feedback provided by the aimed at enriching the answer writing skill of the
faculty. student.
e. A Student would be knowing the rationale behind high b. Model Answer – An standard answer shall also be
or low marks awarded to him/her in any particular provided for every question. It shall be aimed at
question. enriching the knowledge of the student.
f. Based on the assessment, the faculty would suggest 5. Questions as per UPSC Pattern
him means of improvement. a. Questions would be designed to improve candidates'
2. Performance Tracking lateral thinking and multidisciplinary approachapart
a. As far as practicable, the same faculty would be fromthe factual knowledge.
evaluating the answersheets of a particular student b. Comprehensive coverage of complete GS Syllabus
for each tests. c. Special emphasis on issues related to current affairs.
b. Thus, Focused and personalised guidance would be 6. Snippet: Mains Fact File
provided to each student. a. It shall consist of value added material like facts,
3. Discussion Class by Faculty data, graph, diagram.
a. Discussion class would be organised 1 week after the b. It shall be provided free of cost.
scheduled date of the test.
Every Sunday 9:30 to 11:30 AM

Starting: 7th October
UPPCS-2018 Prelims Test Series
25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, (Metro Pillar Number 117)
Tel. : 011-49274400, 9205274743
Dhyeya IAS Now on Whatsapp
Address: 635, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi 110009
Phone No: 011-47354625/ 26 , 9205274741/42, 011-49274400

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SNIPPET - 365

CSE (Mains) Fact File

920527 4743 011-492 74400

1. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of

Ease of doing business

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 73

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 74

Growing Income Inequality in India

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 75

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 76

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 77

New Criteria for dubious firms

Impact of Public Expenditure and Subsidies on Productivity and Poverty

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 78

Consumption and Saving Rate

Recapitalisation Plan for PSBs

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 79

Banking Reforms Roadmap

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 80

tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including

Infrastructure status to Logistics

Infrastructure Status to Logistics

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 81

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 82

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 83

WIND POWER IN INDIA

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 84

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 85

4. Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems-storage

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 86

Indian Agriculture Sector: Productivity Challenges

Economics of animal rearing

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 87

EDIBLE OIL IMPORT

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 88

आप हमारी वेबसाइट के माध्यम से भी जुड सकते हैं

FISHERY SECTOR IN INDIA

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 89

5. Food processing and related industries in India

6. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and

DNA Finger Printing

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 90

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 91

Recommendation of Justice BN Srikrishna committee

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 92

ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (APIs)

7. Issues relating to intellectual property rights

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 93

Climate change and disaster risk reduction

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 94

8. Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation,

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 95

Pollution Related Death

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 96

Sulphur Dioxide Emissions in India

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 97

25B, 2nd Floor, Pusa Road, Old Rajendra Nagar, 98

Solid Waste Management