Anachem Act. 1 and 2

Analytical Chemistry in Medical Laboratory Science
MTCC 104
Activity No. 1
IDENTIFICATION OF ANALYTICAL LABORATORY
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
I. INTRODUCTION
Analytical chemistry is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas
and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering, and medicine. The
indispensable contribution of analytical chemistry in many fields of study propelled
minds and works to greater heights of discoveries and innovations even up to this day.
In medicine, application of analytical chemistry can be illustrated in the
measurement of concentration of oxygen and of carbon dioxide in millions of blood
sample every day and used to diagnose and treat illnesses. Quantitative measurements
of ionized calcium in blood serum help diagnose parathyroid disease in humans.
Spectrophotometric analysis of blood to measure concentrations of blood glucose and
lipids to diagnose patients at risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases,
respectively, is also a contribution of the principles of analytical chemistry. These are
some of the many applications of analytical chemistry in the field of medicine and these
sophisticated methods also rely on the accuracy, precision, and usefulness of the
different laboratory apparatuses and equipment.
Ensuring the quality of procedures and results entails ensuring the correct use of
the different instruments. Knowing their sensitivities in measurement is also a factor to
be considered. In this activity, you will familiarize the different analytical apparatus
commonly used in analytical chemistry. Take note of their uses and how they are being
used since incorrect handling or usage of these instruments could also lead to errors
and breakdown of equipment.
II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the activity, the students must be able to:
1. identify correctly the different apparatus and equipment for general analytical use,
mass measurement and volume measurement together with their uses as the
instructor introduces these different apparatuses to them;
2. compare accurately the sensitivities of measurement of each apparatus and
equipment as basis for choice of use for any particular process or technique required
by considering their calibrations, and
3. illustrate creatively the different laboratory apparatus and equipment by using
pictures and actual apparatuses as their reference.
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NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
MTCC 104
III. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENTS
Electric Water Bath Evaporating Dish or Casserole
Aluminum Water Bath Bunsen Burner
Hot Plates Tripod
Centrifuge machine Wire Gauze
Furnace Test Tube Holder
Electric Oven Centrifuge Tubes
Analytical Balance TC Pipettes
Top Loading Balance TD Pipettes
Triple Beam Balance Pasteur Pipette
Fume Hood Beral Pipettes
Soxhlet Extractor Rubber Pipettor
Thin Layer Chromatography Automatic Pipettor
Gas Generating Apparatus Burets with Teflon Stopcock
Filtration Set-Ups Funnels
Rotary Evaporator Spatulas
Safety Equipments Wash Bottles
IV. PROCEDURES
1. The laboratory instructor will give a brief lecture with demonstration of the
various uses of the above-mentioned apparatus or equipment. The discussion shall
include precautions, do’s and don’ts, and current applications.
2. Classify as to general use (transfer of liquids or solids/container/measurement of
mass/measurement of volume/ heating accessory/ source of heat etc., and
sensitivity—for microanalytical work/ semi-microanalytical/macroanalytical)/ or
state the specific use in the table in the answer sheet
3. Answer questions on space provided or on another sheet if necessary.
V. REFERENCES
Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2013). Fundamentals of
Analytical Chemistry (9th ed.). Philippines: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
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MTCC 104
Activity No. 1
IDENTIFICATION OF ANALYTICAL LABORATORY
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
REPORT SHEET
Name: ____________________________________ Rating:__________________
Year and Section: ___________________________ Date: ___________________
Instructor: _________________________________ Remarks:________________
1. Illustrate the different laboratory apparatus and equipment shown during the
demonstration and cite their uses.
Name of
Illustration Use/s
Instrument
1. Electric
Water Bath
2. Aluminum
Water Bath
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MTCC 104
3. Hot Plates
4. Electric
Oven
5. Furnace
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6. Bunsen
Burner
7. Centrifuge
Machine
8. Analytical
Balance
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9. Top Loading
Balance
10. Triple Beam

Balance
11. Fume Hood
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MTCC 104
12. Soxhlet
Extractor
13. Thin Layer

Chromatography
Apparatus
14. Gas
Generating
Apparatus
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MTCC 104
15. Filtration
Set-Up
16. Rotary
Evaporator
17. Safety
Equipments
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18. Evaporating
Dish or
Casserole
19. Tripod
20. Wire Gauze
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21. Test Tube

Holder
22. Centrifuge
Tubes
23. TC Pipettes
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24. TD Pipettes
25. Pasteur
Pipette
26. Beral
Pipettes
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27. Rubber
Pipettor
28. Automatic
Pipettor
29. Burets with

Teflon
Stopcock
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30. Funnels
31. Spatulas
32. Wash Bottles
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REVIEW TASKS:
1. Name 5 general rules to be observed in weighing.
2. Name 5 general rules to be observed in volume measurement.
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3. Name all safety equipment that should be found in an analytical laboratory and describe
how each should be used.
4. Compare the sensitivities of Analytical Balance, Top Loading Balance, and Triple
Beam Balance for mass measurement; Beaker, TC/TD Pipettes, Volumetric Flask,
Graduated Cylinder, and Erlenmeyer Flask for volume measurement using a table.
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MTCC 104
Activity No. 2
PIPETTING
I. INTRODUCTION
Pipettes are used for the transfer of a volume of liquid from one container to
another. They are designed either to contain (TC) a specific volume of liquid or to
deliver (TD) a specified volume. Pipettes used in clinical, molecular diagnostic, and
analytical laboratories include manual transfer and measuring pipettes, micropipettes,
electronic and mechanical pipetting devices. Developments in improved design of
pipetting systems include robotic automation, the capability to provide electronic and
personal computer (PC) control of pipetting devices, and careful attention to advanced
ergonomic design features.
II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the activity, the students must be able to:
1. perform the different techniques of correct pipetting;
2. develop skills acquired from this activity, and
3. identify different kinds of pipettes and their uses.
III. MATERIALS
Serological Pipettes (10 mL, 5 mL, 1 (2) Beakers with Liquid Solution
mL, 0.1 mL) 5 test tubes
Rubber Pipettor Test tube rack
IV. PROCEDURES
1. The pipette is grasped by the thumb and middle finger.
2. Place the index finger over the upper opening that will be used to control the flow
of liquid.
3. Lower the pipette into the solution. Allow sufficient depth to fill the pipette above
the calibration mark.
4. Apply suction using the pipette bulb and load the pipette to a point above the
calibration mark. In cases of a critically low volume of the solution, fill the pipette
slowly and watch carefully to avoid aspiration of air. (Do not pipette by mouth!)
5. Remove the pipette from the solution. Wipe the tip with a tissue or gauze.
6. Hold the pipette in a vertical solution. Empty the pipette slowly until the lower
meniscus touches the calibration mark.
7. Touch the tip to a clean, dry receptacle to remove any pendant drop.
8. Drain the pipette freely up to the desired calibration in a vertical position.
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The pipette has been calibrated to deliver its specified volume in a vertical position
with a constant rate of delivery. Changing the angle of the pipette changes the rate
of delivery. For the same reason, do not attempt to force the liquid from the pipette
at a faster rate than free drainage permits.
9. When the liquid enters the stem just below the bulb, touch the tip to the side of the
receiving vessel, but not into the liquid. Allow several seconds for pipette to drain.
9.1. If the pipette has a continuous ring near at the top of the pipette, it is
called a blowout pipette. This means that the last drop of liquid shall be
expelled into the receiving vessel.
9.2. When the markings are absent from a pipette, it is self-draining, and
contents should be allowed to drain by gravity.
10. Continue procedures 1-9 and practice measuring and delivering volumes 3 mL, 16
mL, 19 mL, 23 mL and 34 mL in five respective test tubes. Let your instructor
check the volumes you dispensed.
V. REFERENCES
Burtis, C. A., Ashwood, E. R., & Bruns, D. E. (Eds.). (2012). Tietz textbook of clinical
chemistry and molecular diagnostics (5th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier
Inc.
Delfin, M. A. (2016). Laboratory Manual in Clinical Chemistry 1. Koronadal City, South
Cotabato: NDMU Research and Public Center.
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Activity No. 2
PIPETTING
REPORT SHEET
Name: ____________________________________ Rating:__________________
Year and Section: ___________________________ Date: ___________________
Instructor: _________________________________ Remarks:________________
I. Illustrate the following types of pipette:

A. Serological Pipette
B. Mohr Pipette
C. Volumetric Pipette
D. Ostwald-Folin Pipette
E. Pasteur Pipette
F. Sahli Pipette
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REVIEW QUESTIONS/TASKS:
1. Compare and differentiate Serological Pipette with Mohr Pipette; Volumetric Pipette with
Ostwald-Folin Pipette.
2. Enumerate the Ten Commandments of Pipetting
3. How are pipettes being calibrated?
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Analytical Chemistry in Medical Laboratory Science

10. Triple Beam

11. Fume Hood

13. Thin Layer

20. Wire Gauze

21. Test Tube

29. Burets with

32. Wash Bottles

2. Name 5 general rules to be observed in volume measurement.

I. Illustrate the following types of pipette:

2. Enumerate the Ten Commandments of Pipetting

3. How are pipettes being calibrated?

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