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LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PREVENTIVE

STRATEGIES AGAINST AIRBORNE TRANSMITTED DISEASES:
BASIS FOR A MANAGEMENT MODEL

_______________

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
Doňa Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Medical Foundation
Tacloban City

_______________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the degree
Master of Arts in Nursing

_______________

by
Bhell G. Mendiola
April 2015
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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in

Nursing, this thesis entitled “LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND
PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES AGAINST AIRBORNE TRANSMITTED
DISEASES: BASIS FOR A MANAGEMENT MODEL” has been approved and
submitted by BHELL G. MENDIOLA, who is hereby recommended for Oral
Defense.

MRS. LYNN L. DE VEYRA, RN, RMT,

MBEd
Adviser
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a rating of
_______.

Mrs. Violeta B. Suyom, Ph.D.

Dean, Post Graduate Studies, RTR
Chairman

Dr. Bayani Blas, MD Mrs. Irma M. Roasa, RN, MAN Mrs. Erleta Piñero,
RN, MAN
Member Member Member

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Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Masters of Arts in Nursing

Mrs. Violeta B. Suyom,

Ph.D.
Dean, Post Graduate Studies,
RTR
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and above all, I praise God, the almighty, for providing me this

opportunity and granting me the capability to proceed successfully. This

thesis appears in its current form due to the assistance and guidance of

several people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere thanks to all of

them.

My deepest gratitude goes to Dr Violeta Suyom, Dean of the Graduate

School, for her expertise and discussions that helped me fine-tune the

technical details of my work. I am also thankful for her continuous

encouragement and guidance.

To Mrs. Lynn L. de Veyra, thesis advisor and my mentor who have

always been there to give advice. I have been amazingly fortunate to have an

advisor who gave me the freedom to explore on my own and at the same

time the guidance to recover when my steps faltered. She taught me how to

question my thoughts and express ideas. Despite of countless revisions her

patience and support helped me overcome many crisis situations and finish

this study.

To the members of defense panel, Dr, Bayani Blas, a martinet

panelist, he sets high standards for his students and encourages and guide

them to meet those standards. I am grateful to him for holding me a high

research standard and enforcing strict data analysis and interpretation which
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gave me a lot of challenge thus, gave me a deeper understanding on what I

was working and on how to properly present and interpret tables and data.

Mrs. Irma Roasa and Mrs. Erleta Piñero, both my mentor during my school

days, for the practical advises and insightful comments and constructive

criticisms at different stages of this study which helped me focus on my

ideas.

J/SSUPT Wenefredo P Abordo, Regional Director - Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology Region VIII, for the understanding and for

allowing me to conduct a study utilizing the personnel and inmates within

his jurisdiction.

J/CINSP Rill F Sonon, jail warden - Tacloban City Jail Male

Dormitory, for allowing me to conduct the study in his area.

J/INSP Ma Liezl B Rosales, jail warden - Tacloban City Jail Female

Dormitory and my girlfriend, for her assistance, understanding and support

during the conduct of tool validation.

My co - nurses at the bureau, Ramon Go and Madelyn L Mas for their

assistance during the data gathering procedure.

Ms. Avecita B. Taña, the graduate school secretary, for giving the

researcher necessary corrections and information on the study, and also for

the patience and encouragement despite of the very long period of the study.
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To my mother, Miguela Gobeebee, for her encouragement, unfailing

love and support. Also for providing financial assistance (when needed) and

her understanding for having a little time spent at home during the final

phase of this study. It was under her watchful-eye, ear-aching lectures that I

gained so much drive to and an ability to tackle challenges head on.

And most especially to God almighty for providing me everything I

needed to finish what I have started and consoling me up when I was losing

hope.

DEDICATION

“The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand,

and the determination that whether we win or lose,
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we have applied the best of ourselves

to the task at hand.”

This
thesis
is first dedicated
to Almighty God: Father, Son, and Spirit.
All things were created by Him and for Him,
and I dedicate this dissertation for His honor and glory.
To my mother, Miguela Gobeebee for her unfailing love, dedication and
support during the course of this study and in everything I have.
To my Sisters, Sheryll, Bella and Bella Mercedes.
To my girlfriend, Ms. Ma. Liezl B Rosales
for her constant assistance.
And
most of all
The role
you all
have played in my growth
and maturity has been vital
in the successful completion
of this goal.
I thank you all!
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF APPENDICES xiii

THESIS ABSTRACT xiv

CHAPTER PAGE

I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 11

Null Hypotheses 12

Theoretical Framework 12

Conceptual Framework 16

Significance of the Study 18

Scope and Delimitation 19

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Definition of Terms 20

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature 23

Related Studies 27

III. METHODOLOGY

Research Design 43

Locale of the Study 43

Research Respondents 46

Research Instruments 46

Validation of the Research Instrument 47

Data Gathering Procedure 48

Statistical Treatment of Data 49

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA
Demographic Profile of Respondents 52

Prevailing Level of Knowledge 57

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Prevailing Level of Attitude 63

Practices Perceived to be Effective in the Control

of Airborne Transmitted Diseases 68

Extent of Affirmative Agreement on Knowledge,

Attitude and Practices Perceived to be Effective
in the Control of Airborne Transmitted Diseases 72

Extent of Affirmative Agreement on the Attitudes

regarding Prevention against Airborne Transmitted
Diseases 74

Extent of Affirmative Agreement on the Practices

Perceived to be Effective on the control of Airborne
Transmitted Diseases 75

Relationship Between the Profile of the Respondents

and their Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived
Preventive Practices Effective Against Airborne
Transmitted Diseases 76

Significance of the Relationship between the Profile

and Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceived
Preventive Practices Effective against Airborne
Transmitted Diseases 78

Difference in the Level of Knowledge, Attitudes

and Perceived Preventive Practices Effective
against Airborne Transmitted Diseases between
the two groups of respondents 79

V. SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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Summary of Findings 82

Conclusions 86

Recommendations 87

VI. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT MODEL

Background and Rationale 89

General Objectives 90

Program Description 91

BIBLIOGRAPHY 95

APPENDICES 101

CURRICULUM VITAE 112

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 Age Profile of Respondents …………………………… 53

2 Educational Attainment Profile of the Respondents ….. 54

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3 Summary Table for Profile of Respondents…………… 55

4 Level of Knowledge on Airborne Transmitted Diseases

(Inmates) ……………………………………………… 58

5 Level of Knowledge on Airborne Transmitted Diseases

(Personnel) ……………………………………………. 61

6 Prevailing Attitude Towards Airborne Transmitted

Diseases (Inmates) ……………………………………. 64

7 Prevailing Attitude Towards Airborne Transmitted

Diseases (Personnel) …………………………………. 66

8 Practices Perceived to be Effective in the Control

of Airborne Transmitted Diseases (Inmates) …………. 68

9 Practices Perceived to be Effective in the control

of Airborne Transmitted Diseases (Personnel) ………. 70

10 Summary Table on Level of Knowledge, Attitude

and Practices Perceived to be Effective in the
control of Airborne Transmitted Diseases …………… 71

11 Extent of Affirmative Agreement regarding

Knowledge about Airborne Transmitted Diseases ..…. 73

12 Extent of Affirmative Agreement on the Attitudes

Regarding Prevention against Airborne Transmitted
Diseases ……………………………………………… 74

13 Extent of Affirmative Agreement on the Practices

Perceived to be Effective on the control of Airborne
Transmitted Diseases ………………………………… 75

14 Significance of the Relationship between the

Profile and Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and
Perceived Preventive Practices Effective against
Airborne Transmitted Diseases ……………………… 78
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15 Significance of the Difference in the Level of

Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Preventive
Practices Effective against Airborne Transmitted
Diseases Between the two groups of Respondents…… 80

16 Proposed Management Model on Airborne

Transmitted Diseases at Tacloban City Jail
Male Dormitory………………………………….……. 93

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Conceptual Framework …………………………… 17

2 Map of Tacloban City Showing the Tacloban

City Jail – Male Dormitory………………………... 45
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3 Management Model for Airborne Transmitted

Diseases at Tacloban City Jail – Male Dormitory … 94

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX PAGE

A. Letter Requesting Permit to Conduct Study……. 101

B. Survey Questionnaire…………………………….. 104

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ABSTRACT

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PREVENTIVE

STRATEGIES AGAINST AIRBORNE TRANSMITTED DISEASES:

BASIS FOR A MANAGEMENT MODEL

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by

Bhell G. Mendiola, RN

This study aimed to develop a health management model for airborne

transmitted diseases at Tacloban City Jail, Tacloban City.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents as to :

1.1 age and

1.2 highest educational attainment?

2. What is their level of knowledge on Airborne Transmitted Diseases

in terms of:

2.1 causative agent,

2.2 mode of transmission,

2.3 common signs and symptoms and,

2.4 prevention against disease transmission?

3. What is their prevailing attitude towards Airborne Transmitted

Diseases and its prevention?

4. What preventive strategies are perceived to be effective by the

respondents?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and their level of knowledge, attitude and preventive strategies?

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6. Is there a significant difference between the two groups of

respondents in terms of their:

6.1 level of knowledge,

6.2 prevailing attitude towards Airborne Transmitted Diseases and

its prevention and,

6.3 preventive strategies?

7. What management model on Airborne Transmitted Diseases maybe

proposed based on the findings of the study?

The study utilized the analytical research design using comparative

analysis. It used questionnaire in collecting the pertinent data. Moreover it

employed, interview and actual observations to augment the data gathered

through the use of questionnaire. The statistical tools used included

frequency tables and percentages, cross tabulation (chi-square), weighted

mean, and t-test for independent samples.

Findings:

The findings of the study herein presented are based on the problems

stated:
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On the profile of the two groups of respondents, majority of the

inmate group of respondents are young adults belonging to the age group of

33-37 years old. As to their highest educational attainment, almost one-third

reached their high school level of education. On the other hand, among the

personnel group of respondents, majority of them also belong to the adult

age group of 43-47 years old and are college graduates with two having

earned units at the post graduate level.

On the aspect of their level of knowledge on the disease itself,

causative agent, mode of transmission, common signs and symptoms and

prevention against disease transmission, majority of both groups of

respondents have a positive level of knowledge on Airborne Transmitted

Diseases except for the common signs and symptoms where the inmates

group of respondents showed better understanding than the personnel group.

With regards to the prevailing attitude, both groups of respondents

exhibits positive level of attitude however, on the issue of social stigma, the

inmates group of responded showed a more positive response than those

from the personnel group of respondents.

Moreover, both groups have a positive perception about the practices

that are effective in the control of airborne transmitted diseases. The inmates

group of respondents unanimously responded positively to the following

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attitudes: Make it a habit to cover your nose and mouth when coughing

and/or sneezing and Maintain good health thru physical Activities. As for the

personnel group they unanimously responded positively to three practices

namely: Make it a habit to cover your nose and mouth when coughing

and/or sneezing, Avoid / Quit smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages and

Maintain good health thru physical Activities.

The relationship between the profile as to age and highest educational

attainment of the inmates group of respondent suggests that a positive

attitude towards airborne transmitted diseases decreases with age and level

of educational attainment presumably because the inmates become more

selective in their choices of personal health and safety. As for the personnel

group of respondents, results show that that there is no relationship between

age and educational profile with the level of knowledge, attitude and

perceived preventive strategies against airborne transmitted diseases.

On the other hand, the values obtained when the chi-square statistics

was applied to determine the significance of the differences in the level of

knowledge, attitude and preventive practices on airborne transmitted

diseases of both group of respondents showed a no significant difference.

From the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
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Majority of the respondents from both groups belong to the young

adult to adult age. Likewise, majority of the inmates group of respondents

obtained high school level of education while the personnel group of

respondents are college graduates and two are pursued post graduate studies.

This suggests that they are eligible respondents of the study.

Both groups of respondents showed a positive response on their level

of knowledge on the disease itself, causative agent, mode of transmission,

common signs and symptoms and prevention against disease transmission.

Likewise, both groups of respondents exhibit a positive level of attitude and

have a positive perception about the practices that are effective in the control

of airborne transmitted diseases.

The relationship between the profile of the inmates group of

respondent suggests that a positive attitude towards airborne transmitted

diseases decreases with age and level of educational attainment. As for the

personnel group of respondents, the results shows that that there is no

relationship between them. The hypothesis which states “there is no

significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their level

of knowledge, attitude and preventive strategies” is rejected on two counts,

namely between age and level of attitude and age with perceived preventive

strategies among the inmate group of respondents only.

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The two groups of respondents exhibit a comparable level of

knowledge, attitude towards tuberculosis and other airborne transmitted

diseases and perception of effective preventive strategies against these

diseases. Thus, the hypothesis that states “there is no significant difference

between the two groups of respondents in terms of their level of knowledge,

prevailing attitude towards Airborne Transmitted Diseases and its prevention

and, perceived preventive strategies” cannot be rejected.”

Based on the conclusions drawn from the findings of the study, the following

are the recommendations of the researcher:

1. Information dissemination on Airborne Transmitted Diseases must

not be limited to inmates alone. Involvement and cooperation from BJMP

management and personnel must be encouraged.

2. Positive attitude and preventive strategies should be practiced and

maintained. Periodic immunization against Airborne Transmitted Diseases

must be encouraged among BJMP personnel.

3. May adopt the Management Model presented herein to facilitate

early detection, monitoring and management of diseases at any stage of inmate

detention process.

4. A qualitative study on social stigma among inmates may be done.