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平台拆除方案
Platform Demolition Scheme
 概述
Summary

导管架平台作为一种浅水固定式海洋油气开发平台，在海洋油气开发扮演重要角色，它的固定在海底导
管架和固定在导管架上端并高于海平面的平台构成。海洋石油平台类型主要有：中心生产平台、井口平台、
生活平台、火炬臂平台等，此外平台还有立管、膨胀弯、栈桥等附属设施。受不同海域的海况及水深影响，
这些平台小则几十乃至数百吨，大则数万吨，建造及海上安装成本高昂，而拆除弃置及拆解的费用也不容小
觑。其中有大量平台服役年限已接近或已超过服役时间，一般导管架平台设计使用时间在20年左右，按照
《海洋环境保护法》《海洋平台弃置管理暂行办法》等法律法规的规定，导管架平台服役到期后，如果没有
其它用途，废弃拆除。
As a shallow water fixed offshore oil and gas development platform, jacket platform plays
an important role in offshore oil and gas development. It is composed of a platform fixed
on the bottom of the jacket and a platform fixed on the top of the jacket and above the sea
level. The main types of offshore oil platforms are: central production platforms, wellhead
platforms, living platforms, torch arm platforms, etc. In addition, the platforms also have
risers, expansion bends, trestles and other ancillary facilities. Influenced by the sea
conditions and water depth in different sea areas, these platforms are tens or hundreds of
tons in size and tens of thousands of tons in size. The cost of construction and installation
at sea is high, and the cost of demolition, abandonment and dismantlement should not be
underestimated. There are a large number of platforms whose service life has approached
or exceeded the service time. The design and use time of jacket platforms is about 20
years. According to the provisions of laws and regulations such as the Marine
Environmental Protection Law and the Interim Measures for the Abandonment
Management of Offshore Platforms, jacket platforms are discarded and dismantled after

service expires if there are no other uses. 。

 涉及的领域
Areas covered

平台拆除是一项系统工程，涉及的领域有海洋、公安、渔业、交通、军
事及各管理部门的批准。包括环境、技术、价格成本核算、安全性和可靠
性、遵守的法律法规。

Platform dismantling is a systematic project, involving the approval of

ocean, public security, fishery, transportation, military and other
administrative departments. Including environment, technology, price
and cost accounting, safety and reliability, laws and regulations to be
complied with 。
 施工步骤
Construction steps

1井口拆除
Wellhead demolition

2上部结构拆除
Superstructure Demolition

3导管架的拆除
Removal of Jacket

4拆除结构件的运输
Transportation of dismantled structural
parts
 方案
programme

放压至油、套管压力为零；采用清水+洗油剂循环
井口拆除 反洗井至进出口液性一致；通井、洗井；切割油层
wellhead 套管；注水泥塞。
demolition

包括工艺管线拆除、舾装设备房拆除及其他结构物
上部结构拆除 拆除。
Superstructure Demolition

导管架的拆除 导管架拆除最为困难；拆除前需要对导管架的水上
管件进行检测， 并提出检查报告。对于导管架的
Removal of Jacket
水下杆件， 必要时可由潜水员下水进行目测检查。

根据导管架的尺寸、重量等因素选择驳船。
运输 驳船应满足导管架的装船和运输的要求.
transport
 结构拆除
Structural dismantling
 组块拆除
Block removal
 整体拆除
Overall demolition

120

70

30

2003 2004 2005 2006

 导管架拆除
Removal of jacket rack
 水下作业
Underwater operation
 水下切割
Underwater cutting
 水下作业监控
Underwater monitoring operation
 采油井口的拆除方案
Demolition Scheme of Oil Production Wellhead

高压水冲泥、气举法排泥，将每根隔水套管外侧冲泥，使隔水套管泥
面以下形成3-5 米得深坑； 潜水员到坑底安装“多功能高效金刚石线切割
任何类型的拆除都会对海洋环境产生不利影响，油气平台处置不当会导致平台内气体、液体、其他残留物的泄漏造
机”；逐个切割井口后，将导管架顶部隔水套管固定处切割后，即可将隔
成海洋环境污染，报废平台因使用时间长导致结构件损坏不稳定、疲劳断裂、破碎、塌陷和下沉，或结构物的失败
水套管吊起，装到驳船上
可能漂浮在海上或沉没海底威胁到海洋结构过量的金属离子进入海水也会对海洋渔业环境造成破坏。
平台拆除的费用高昂，如何选择拆除方案是降低风险降低成本的关键。因此方案的选择需要考虑技术的可行性、经
济和环境的影响，综合考虑平台的结构重量、完整性选择合理处置方案，然后动用拆除资源进行海上拆除施工，其
High-pressure water sludge flushing and air-lift sludge discharging
中主要处置方案有（再利用、拆除弃置）
will flush out the outside of each water-proof casing to form a 3-5
metre deep pit below the mud surface of the water-proof casing; divers
will install a "multi-functional and high-efficiency diamond wire cutting
machine" at the bottom of the pit; after cutting the wellhead one by one,
the water-proof casing at the top of the jacket can be lifted after cutting
the fixed part of the water-proof casing. Loaded on a barge.
 工艺管线及设备拆除
Removal of process pipelines and equipment

在进行工艺管线拆除时，应优先采用拆卸连接法兰的拆除方法；
如果不得不采用切割拆除，则应先将该管线与油罐等的连接处拆开并
加装盲石棉垫。在拆除工艺管线及设备时， 尽量不要采用动火作业
的方式。一般采用首先拆除设备与工艺管网的连接法兰， 然后拆除
设备与其基座间的螺栓连接， 将设备吊离平台，在陆地上进行拆除
任何类型的拆除都会对海洋环境产生不利影响，油气平台处置不当会导致平台内气体、液体、其他残留物的泄漏造
成海洋环境污染，报废平台因使用时间长导致结构件损坏不稳定、疲劳断裂、破碎、塌陷和下沉，或结构物的失败
可能漂浮在海上或沉没海底威胁到海洋结构过量的金属离子进入海水也会对海洋渔业环境造成破坏。
In the process of pipeline demolition, the method of dismantling
平台拆除的费用高昂，如何选择拆除方案是降低风险降低成本的关键。因此方案的选择需要考虑技术的可行性、经
connecting flange should be preferred; if cutting is necessary, the
济和环境的影响，综合考虑平台的结构重量、完整性选择合理处置方案，然后动用拆除资源进行海上拆除施工，其
connection between 中主要处置方案有（再利用、拆除弃置）
pipeline and oil tank should be dismantled
and blind asbestos pad installed. When dismantling process
pipelines and equipment, try not to use the way of fire operation.
In general, the connecting flange between the equipment and the
process pipe network is dismantled first, and then the bolt
connection between the equipment and its base is dismantled.
The equipment is lifted off the platform and dismantled on land.
 舾装设备拆除
Removal of outfitting equipment

在进行舾装、设备房的拆除时，其内部的设施一般应与舾装，
设备房同时吊离拆除，待上岸后再做进一步的拆除处理。当重
量超出吊机的起重能力时，也可将其内部的部分设施等先行拆
除。

When the outfitting and equipment room is dismantled, its

internal facilities should be outfitting. The equipment room
should be dismantled at the same time, and then further
dismantled after landing. When the weight exceeds the
lifting capacity of the crane, some of its internal facilities can
also be dismantled first.
 其它结构物的拆除
Demolition of other structures

在进行各类结构物得拆除时，均需根据原图纸和安装方案，确定
重物的质量、重心，进行精确配扣，制定出起吊方案。拴好吊扣后，
起钩并使结构物处于预吊状态，再进行切割吊离。

When all kinds of structures are demolished, the quality and center of
gravity of the heavy objects should be determined according to the
original drawings and installation plan, and the lifting plan should be
worked out by accurate matching and buckling. After the suspension is
fastened, the hook is lifted and the structure is in the pre-suspension state,
and then the structure is cut and lifted.
 平台上部组块拆除方案
emoval Scheme of Upper Platform Block

根据检测结果对组块结构进行强度分析； 经分析认为结构杆件有问题是， 可
采取将组块内重量大的设备或容器先进行拆除以减少组块重量等措施。
According to the test results, the strength of the block structure is analyzed,
and it is considered that there are some problems in the structural members.
Some measures, such as removing the heavy equipment or container in the
任何类型的拆除都会对海洋环境产生不利影响，油气平台处置不当会导致平台内气体、液体、其他残留物的泄漏造
block first, can be taken to reduce the weight of the block
成海洋环境污染，报废平台因使用时间长导致结构件损坏不稳定、疲劳断裂、破碎、塌陷和下沉，或结构物的失败
可能漂浮在海上或沉没海底威胁到海洋结构过量的金属离子进入海水也会对海洋渔业环境造成破坏。
对组块吊点进行强度计算， 按设计要求进行焊接， 保证开坡口的角度、深度、
平台拆除的费用高昂，如何选择拆除方案是降低风险降低成本的关键。因此方案的选择需要考虑技术的可行性、经
焊缝的高度等。
济和环境的影响，综合考虑平台的结构重量、完整性选择合理处置方案，然后动用拆除资源进行海上拆除施工，其
Strength calculation of 中主要处置方案有（再利用、拆除弃置）
block hanging point is carried out, and welding is carried
out according to design requirements to ensure the angle, depth and height of
groove opening.

根据起重船的起重能力及组块情况，决定组块的起吊程序。事先对组块装船
进行设计，画出装船图（包括所选用垫墩的型号和固定方式）。
The lifting procedure of the block is determined according to the lifting
capacity of the lifting vessel and the condition of the block. Design the block
loading in advance and draw the loading plan (including the type and fixing
method of the selected cushion pier).
 导管架拆除方案
Jacket Removal Scheme
金刚石绳锯切割机切割法（Cutting Method of Diamond Wire Saw Cutting
Machine）
金刚石绳锯机是由金刚石串珠绳、张紧机构、夹紧机构、轮系（导向轮、张
紧轮、主动轮）、进给机构、切割框架组成。工作原理是主动轮高速旋转，进给
机构使串珠绳向切割方向运动，利用金刚石的硬度与绳索的柔性对切割对象进行
磨削以完成切割任务。
任何类型的拆除都会对海洋环境产生不利影响，油气平台处置不当会导致平台内气体、液体、其他残留物的泄漏造
Diamond wire saw machine is composed of diamond bead rope, tensioning
成海洋环境污染，报废平台因使用时间长导致结构件损坏不稳定、疲劳断裂、破碎、塌陷和下沉，或结构物的失败
mechanism, clamping mechanism, gear train (guide wheel, tensioning wheel,
可能漂浮在海上或沉没海底威胁到海洋结构过量的金属离子进入海水也会对海洋渔业环境造成破坏。
driving wheel), feed mechanism and cutting frame. The working principle is that
平台拆除的费用高昂，如何选择拆除方案是降低风险降低成本的关键。因此方案的选择需要考虑技术的可行性、经
the driving wheel rotates at high speed, and the feed mechanism makes the
济和环境的影响，综合考虑平台的结构重量、完整性选择合理处置方案，然后动用拆除资源进行海上拆除施工，其
bead rope move towards 中主要处置方案有（再利用、拆除弃置）
the cutting direction. The diamond hardness and the
flexibility of the rope are used to grind the cutting object to complete the cutting
task.
旋转式内割刀（Rotary internal cutter）
内割刀在液压作用下，活塞下移推动刀片，绕刀销轴向外转动，刀片切入被
切割管壁随着液压排量的不断缓缓增加，刀片进刀深度不断增加直至完成切割。
Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston moves down to push
the blade, and the blade rotates axially and externally around the pin. With the
increase of hydraulic displacement, the cutting depth of the blade increases
gradually until the cutting is completed.
 金刚石绳锯切割
Diamond wire saw cutting

示意图（Sketch Map）
 旋转式切割技术示意图
Sketch of rotary cutting technology

示意图（Sketch Map）
 固定及运输
Fixed and transported

根据导管架的尺寸、重量等因素选择驳船。驳船应满足导管架的装船和运输
的要求，还应有适当的富裕面积以便摆放部分临时物品。

The barge is selected according to the size and weight of jacket. Barges shall
meet the requirements of loading and transportation of jackets, and shall have
任何类型的拆除都会对海洋环境产生不利影响，油气平台处置不当会导致平台内气体、液体、其他残留物的泄漏造
adequate affluent areas for the placement of part of temporary goods.
成海洋环境污染，报废平台因使用时间长导致结构件损坏不稳定、疲劳断裂、破碎、塌陷和下沉，或结构物的失败
可能漂浮在海上或沉没海底威胁到海洋结构过量的金属离子进入海水也会对海洋渔业环境造成破坏。
平台拆除的费用高昂，如何选择拆除方案是降低风险降低成本的关键。因此方案的选择需要考虑技术的可行性、经
济和环境的影响，综合考虑平台的结构重量、完整性选择合理处置方案，然后动用拆除资源进行海上拆除施工，其
切割分离了的导管架结构， 一般使用重型起重船吊离， 放到驳船或半潜驳上
中主要处置方案有（再利用、拆除弃置）
运走。起吊作业需要放置被吊离结构件的驳船或半潜驳。

The separated jacket structure is usually lifted by a heavy lifting vessel and
transported on a barge or semi-submersible barge. The barge or semi-
submersible barge with lifted structural parts should be placed in the lifting
operation.
 拆除主要设备
Removal of main equipment

起重船、甲板驳、半潜驳、拖船、多功能海上供应船等。
Crane, deck barge, semi-submersible barge, tugboat, multi-purpose marine
supply ship, etc.
 再利用与弃置
Reuse and abandonment
如果海上石油平台完好则可进行再利用，如作为
鱼礁、海上风力发电、观察站、水产养殖、旅游
和军事应用。

再利用 If offshore oil platforms are in good condition,

Reuse they can be reused as reefs, offshore wind
power generation, observation stations,
aquaculture, tourism and military applications.

部分拆除仅对桩腿深度55米以上的平台部分 拆
除，55米以下部分结构将留在原地。

Partial demolition only removes part of the

弃置 platform with a depth of more than 55 meters,
and part of the structure with a depth of less
Discard than 55 meters will remain in place.
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