Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 26 views

    Alternate Methods For Disposal of Plastics

    Uploaded by

    rahini balu
    This document discusses several alternative methods for disposing of plastic waste: 1) Incineration reduces waste volume by 80-90% through combustion but produces residues and air pollution. It is best for large, densely populated areas. 2) Pyrolysis uses heat to break down plastics into oil, gas, and residue that can be further processed. Low and high temperature pyrolysis have different effects. 3) Hydrogenation is similar to pyrolysis but uses hydrogen to crack molecules and saturate outputs, producing high quality synthetic crude oil. 4) Gasification converts plastics to fuel gas at high efficiency using partial combustion with gases like oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Alternate Methods For Disposal of Plastics

    Uploaded by

    rahini balu
    26 views2 pages
    This document discusses several alternative methods for disposing of plastic waste: 1) Incineration reduces waste volume by 80-90% through combustion but produces residues and air pollution. It is best for large, densely populated areas. 2) Pyrolysis uses heat to break down plastics into oil, gas, and residue that can be further processed. Low and high temperature pyrolysis have different effects. 3) Hydrogenation is similar to pyrolysis but uses hydrogen to crack molecules and saturate outputs, producing high quality synthetic crude oil. 4) Gasification converts plastics to fuel gas at high efficiency using partial combustion with gases like oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide.

    Original Description:

    Alternative method

    Original Title

    Plastic disposal

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses several alternative methods for disposing of plastic waste: 1) Incineration reduces waste volume by 80-90% through combustion but produces residues and air pollution. It is best for large, densely populated areas. 2) Pyrolysis uses heat to break down plastics into oil, gas, and residue that can be further processed. Low and high temperature pyrolysis have different effects. 3) Hydrogenation is similar to pyrolysis but uses hydrogen to crack molecules and saturate outputs, producing high quality synthetic crude oil. 4) Gasification converts plastics to fuel gas at high efficiency using partial combustion with gases like oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Alternate Methods For Disposal of Plastics

    Uploaded by

    rahini balu
    This document discusses several alternative methods for disposing of plastic waste: 1) Incineration reduces waste volume by 80-90% through combustion but produces residues and air pollution. It is best for large, densely populated areas. 2) Pyrolysis uses heat to break down plastics into oil, gas, and residue that can be further processed. Low and high temperature pyrolysis have different effects. 3) Hydrogenation is similar to pyrolysis but uses hydrogen to crack molecules and saturate outputs, producing high quality synthetic crude oil. 4) Gasification converts plastics to fuel gas at high efficiency using partial combustion with gases like oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Alternate methods for disposal of plastics

    1. Incineration:

    An alternative method of waste disposal to landfill is waste incineration. Waste


    incinerators use the process of combustion to convert the waste materials into carbon dioxide and
    water. Incineration residues usually consist of small quantities of HCl, S, and other volatile
    compounds and ash. Reduction of waste volume by 80 - 90% is achieved with incineration.
    Therefore, it should be considered as a means of reducing the amount of waste to be disposed of
    by landfill rather than a method of ultimate disposal on its own. Combustion can be regarded
    either as a pretreatment method for the waste prior to its final disposal or as a means for
    increasing value to waste by energy recovery. Co-combustion is regarded as one of the most
    promising means for economic and safety reasons. Waste combustion with energy recovery is
    usually cost-effective only in large, heavily populated metropolitan areas.

    This approach becomes less appealing with low fossil fuel cost, strong markets for paper,
    and the necessity for disposing of a substantial volume of residue, a part of which may be
    hazardous. However, the main problems to be addressed prior to extensive utilization of this
    method are the finite risk of contamination, noise, odor, fire and explosion hazards, vegetation
    damage, ground water pollution, and air pollution. Polymers are made from oil; it is not
    surprising that they are quite good fuel sources when they are burnt. The amount of energy that
    can be recovered depends on the calorific c value of the material. Literature values tend to give
    an average calorific value of mixed plastic waste as 35 MJ/kg. When compared to paper (16
    MJ/kg) and organic waste (3 MJ/kg), it can be seen that plastics give a relatively high energy
    return when incinerated.

    2. Pyrolysis:

    Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of macromolecules in the absence of air, and it


    generates oils and gases, which are suitable for chemical utilization or generation of energy.
    High-molecular weight substances cannot be purified by physical processes like distillation,
    extraction, or crystallization. They can only be recycled by pyrolysis of their macromolecules
    into smaller fragments. Pyrolysis can be used to convert mixed plastic wastes to oil products,
    combustible gas and heavy residues. The pyrolysis products may then be suitable for common
    petrochemical separation processes. In fact, the pyrolysis products consist of 34% ethylene, 9%
    propane, 39.7% oil (mainly aromatic compounds), and 1.7% residue. Pyrolysis can be split into
    two types, both carried out in an oxygen depleted environment. Low temperature pyrolysis (450-
    600 °C) is a depolymerisation technique, whilst high temperature pyrolysis (750-950 °C) is a
    thermal degradation technique.
    3. Hydrogenation:

    This is very similar to pyrolysis, but in this process the mixed plastic waste (MPW) is
    heated with hydrogen. As the molecules are cracked (the process is often termed hydro cracking,
    they are saturated with the hydrogen molecules to produce a saturated liquid and gaseous
    hydrocarbons. The synthetic crude oil produced is of a very high quality. It is necessary to keep
    the pressure of the hydrogen sufficient to suppress repolymerisation or the generation of
    undesirable by-products.

    4. Gasification:

    Gasification technology is based on the use of partial combustion. It was originally


    developed for use with coal and oil. There are a number of variations, depending upon the type
    of gases used. These include oxygen in the form of air, steam, pure oxygen, oxygen enriched air
    or carbon dioxide. The temperature required also depends on the type of fuel. It generally falls in
    the range 800-1600 °C. Gasification is favoured for fuel gas production since a single gaseous
    product is formed at high efficiency without requiring expensive and potentially dangerous
    separation plants. The synthetic gas produced can be classified according to its composition, heat
    value and application. The bulk of the carbon present in the waste feedstock is converted to gas
    leaving a virtually inert ash residue for disposal.

    5. Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT):

    Plastic waste disposal through plasma pyrolysis is a state of the art, technology, which
    integrates the thermo-chemical properties of plasma with the pyrolysis process. In plasma
    pyrolysis, firstly the plastic waste is fed into the primary chamber at 850oC through a feeder. The
    waste material dissociates into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, higher hydrocarbons etc.
    Induced draft fans drains the pyrolysis gases as well as plastics waste into a secondary chamber,
    where these gases are combusted in the presence of excess air. The inflammable gases are ignited
    with high voltage spark. The secondary chamber temperature is 1050oC. The hydro carbon,
    carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combusted into safe carbon dioxide and water. The process
    conditions are maintained so that it eliminates the possibility of formation of toxic dioxins and
    furan molecules.

    You might also like