Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Evaporative cooling is the process by which the temperature of a substance is

reduced due to the cooling effect from the evaporation of water. The conversion of

sensible heat to latent heat causes a decrease in the ambient temperature as water

evaporated provide useful cooling. This cooling effect has been used on various

scales from small space cooling to large industrial applications. As water

evaporates, it draws energy from its surroundings which produce cooling effect.

Evaporative cooling occurs when air, that is not too humid, passes over a wet

surface so that the faster the rate of evaporation the greater the cooling and the

efficiency of an evaporative cooler depends on the humidity of the surrounding

air. Dry air can absorb moisture faster and no cooling occurs in the extreme case

of air that is totally saturated with water. Generally, an evaporative cooler is made

of a porous material that is fed with water. Hot, dry air is drawn over the material.

The water evaporates into the air raising its humidity and at the same time

reducing the temperature of the air. For better human comfort, cooling of living or

work environment is vital in tropical climates. Researches carried out till date in

evaporative air cooling process focus mainly on reducing the dry bulb temperature

of the incoming air. Theoretical efficiency of 100% can be realized when dry bulb

temperature of the room is equal to wet bulb temperature of the outside ambient

air; Evaporative cooling efficiency is defined as the ratio between drop in dry bulb

temperature across the cooler and the difference between inlet DBT and inlet

WBT. Many researchers have worked on improving evaporative cooling

efficiency to the maximum possible extent.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

The evaporative cooling is one of the earliest methods employed by men for

conditioning their houses. Only in recent years, it has been put on sound footing

thermodynamically. It is a process of adiabatic saturation of air when a spray of water

is made to 360° evaporative into it without transfer of heat from or to the

surroundings. The initial investment cost of such a system is low & the operation is

simple & cheap. Desert coolers are based on the simple principle that when

unsaturated air comes in contact with water, the water evaporates. In the process, the

moisture content of air increases, while its temperature decreases. The resulting cold

but moist air is used for providing cooling. Thus a desert cooler is a simple device,

which consists of an arrangement for blowing dry and hot air over a wet surface and

an arrangement for keeping the surface wet continuously. The cooler normally

consists of a blower and a pump. Desert coolers are economical (both initial and

running costs are low) and are effective in hot and dry areas. They are not effective in

humid areas.

Simple 360° cooling is achieved by direct contact of water particles & a moving air

stream. If the water is circulated without a source of heat & cooling, dry air will

become more humid & will drop in temperature. In a complete contact process, the air

would become saturated at WBT of the entering air.

The air may be sufficiently cooled by 360 evaporative process to results a

considerable degree of summer comfort in climates of high dry-bulb temperatures

associated with low relative humidity. The comfort given by the 360 cooling always

depends upon the outdoor temperature and Dry bulb temperature. Low Wet bulb

temperature always gives more comfort with 360° cooling. Although the 360° cooling

does not perform all the function of true air-conditioning but it provides comfort by
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

filtering & circulating the cooled air. This system does not dehumidify the air but on

the contrary, further humidify air.

Before the advent of residential air-conditioning it was the only mechanical means

available to make home interiors livable in the hot, dry, desert summers. 360 ° coolers

function well except for the few weeks of the summer “monsoon” season with its

accompanying elevated humidity and thus decreased cooler efficiency. These cooling

systems are economical in terms of energy usage. During the energy crunches of the

last two decades, 360° cooler use was promoted as one means to control household

utility bills. However, little thought was given to cooler water consumption. With

Nagpur’s rapidly increasing population, warm temperatures, and limited water supply,

360° cooler water usage can no longer be ignored.

With conservation as the cornerstone of the Groundwater Management Act,

researchers at The University of Nagpur Office of Arid Lands Studies developed in

the mid-1980s a “W-Index” or index of residential water efficiency. The index was

proposed as a device to evaluate residential water savings and as a management tool

to motivate water-saving practices.1 The researchers noted that for home cooling, the

highest index rating is received for having no 360 ° cooler, the alternative being air-

conditioning which although using more energy, uses practically no on-site water.2

This advice flies in the face of all the energy-conservation practices supported by

utility companies, industry and educational institutions and leads to confusion with

mixed messages to consumers.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

In all but a few of Nagpur city and dry weather towns, some means of cooling home

interiors in the summer is essential. Consumers have learned that air-conditioning

uses three to five times as much electricity to cool their homes as 360 ° cooling. They

know how much their utility bills rise in the summer months. Some have added

360°cooling for use during the hot, dry summer months and switch to air conditioning

during the “monsoon” season. Others have changed over completely to 360 °cooling,

reducing their cooling utility bills. Yet 360 ° cooling consumes significant amounts of

water, and water is a precious and increasingly costly commodity in Nagpur.

An evaporative cooler (also swamp cooler, desert cooler and wet air cooler) is a

device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative cooling differs

from typical air conditioning systems, which use vapor-

compression or absorption refrigeration cycles. Evaporative cooling works by

exploiting water's large enthalpy of vaporization. The temperature of dry air can be

dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor

(evaporation). This can cool air using much less energy than refrigeration. In

extremely dry climates, evaporative cooling of air has the added benefit of

conditioning the air with more moisture for the comfort of building occupants.

The cooling potential for evaporative cooling is dependent on the wet-bulb

depression, the difference between dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature.

In arid climates, evaporative cooling can reduce energy consumption and total

equipment for conditioning as an alternative to compressor-based cooling. In climates

not considered arid, indirect evaporative cooling can still take advantage of the
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

evaporative cooling process without increasing humidity. Passive evaporative cooling

strategies offer the same benefits of mechanical evaporative cooling systems without

the complexity of equipment and ductwork.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 2

2.LITERATURE SURVEY

O. Amer, R. Boukhanouf, and H. G. Ibrahim , ‘A Review of Evaporative Cooling

Technologies’, Air-conditioning plays an essential role in ensuring occupants thermal
comfort. However, building’s electricity bills have become unaffordable. Yet the
commercially dominant cooling systems are intensively power-consuming ones, i.e.
vapor compression systems. This paper aims to review the recent developments
concerning evaporative cooling technologies that could potentially provide sufficient
cooling comfort, reduce environmental impact and lower energy consumption in
buildings. An extensive literature review has been conducted and mapped out the
state-of-the-art evaporative cooling systems. The review covers direct evaporative
cooling, indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-indirect cooling systems.
The indirect evaporative coolers include both wet-bulb temperature evaporative
coolers and dew point evaporative coolers have been of particular interest because of
high thermal performance. The dew point evaporative coolers have shown great
potential of development and research opportunity for their improved efficiency and
low energy use. [1]

Miss.Namrata Govekar, Mr.Akshay Bhosale, Mr.Amol Yadav, ‘MODERN

EVAPORATIVE COOLER’, Human always tries for better comfort and
sophistication at each level of his life. Considering airconditioning, evaporative cooler
is used in dry climates. But such evaporative coolers are not suitable in humid
environment and also their performance is poor in the places where ventilation is not
proper. Reason behind this is nothing but, uncontrollable humidity increment in the
working environment (cabin) due to process of evaporation. Report is sequential
details about research carried out on the evaporative cooler in order to remove this
disadvantage. The important parameter in whole report is nothing but relative
humidity which should be maintained in specific range for getting better thermal
comfort. Report briefly explains the basic concept required to understand evaporative
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

cooling and performance of evaporative cooling. It also explains why evaporative

cooler is not as effective as air conditioners. [2]

Akhilesh Yadav, Rajatkumar Bachchan, Sankesh Toraskar, Dattaprasad

Tendolkar, Prof. Ramankumar, ‘Design and Fabrication of 360 cooler cum
Heater’, This paper is based on innovation to conventional coolers. In conventional
or normal cooler we get one directional air flow only. This cooler is designed in such
a way that the people sitting in any area in the room will get equivalent cooled air.
The cubical cooling chamber consist of four cooling pads. The exhaust fan in
mounted above the chamber, below which the heating coil is mounted. Thus this
cooler can be used as a heater in winter season and as a cooler in a summer season.
[3]

Sunil J.Kavle, Vivek M. Shahane, Nivrutti Satpute, Vitthal N. Garje, Prof.

Shrikant D Jadhav5, ‘Manufacturing Of 360 Degree Rotation Air Cooler’,
India’s energy demands are expected to be more than double by 2030, and there is a
pressing need to develop ways to conserve energy for future generations. Thus energy
consumption can be reduced drastically by using energy efficient appliances. In India,
the Union ministry of power's research pointed out that about 20-25% of the total
electricity utilized in government buildings in India is wasted due to unproductive
design, resulting in an annual energy related financial loss of about Rs 1.5 billion.
Conventional heating ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) consume
approximately 50% of the building energy. This type of air conditioning is therefore
neither eco- friendly nor sustainable. Selection of proper air conditioning system for
buildings can not only help the country save electrical energy but also reduce green
house emissions. An evaporative cooler (also swamp cooler, desert cooler and wet air
cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative
cooling differs from typical air conditioning systems which use vapor-compression or
absorption refrigeration cycles. Evaporative cooling works by exploiting water's large
enthalpy of vaporization. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly
through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor (evaporation), which can
cool air using much less energy than refrigeration. In extremely dry climates,
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

evaporative cooling of air has the added benefit of conditioning the air with more
moisture for the comfort of building occupants. Evaporative cooling, being used by
mankind for centuries is based on a very simple principle. When a hot and dry air is
allowed to pass through a wet pad, the temperature of incoming air is reduced with an
increase in specific humidity as some water from the pads is evaporated taking the
latent heat of vaporization from the incoming air. 360 air cooler is cheaper than air
conditioning also consumes less power than air conditioning. Externally mounted
evaporative cooling devices were used in some automobiles to cool interior air—often
as aftermarket accessories until modern vapor-compression air conditioning became
widely available After some time air may be sufficiently cooled by 360 Evaporative
process, results in considerable increase of humidity. For better effect add ice cube or
chilled water in bottom tank.[4]

Rajesh Maurya, Dr. Nitin Shrivastava, Vipin Shrivastava, ‘Performance

Evaluation of Alternative Evaporative Cooling Media’,In this paper different
cooling pads have been studied. Three types of cooling pad made of a cellulose, aspen
fiber, and coconut coir were comparatively studied. This study is performed in
summer and based on weather conditions of Bhopal, India; maximum dry bulb
temperature of air 41.2 ˚C and 26.1 ˚C wet bulb temperature. The relative humidity of
31.1 % is carried out from online psychrometric calculator. The primary air velocity
considered varies between 0.5 m/s to 3.0 m/s and the performance of the cooling pads
are analyzed based on the saturation efficiency, leaving air temperature, specific
humidity, relative humidity, cooling capacity and water consumption. Graphs are
plotted for variation in Saturation efficiency and cooling capacity for different
materials of pad with air mass flow rate. Saturation efficiency of the cooling pads
made of cellulose was in the ranges of 64.55 to 55.29 %, for aspen it was 80.99 to
68.86%, and for coconut coir 68.15 % to 50.79 % was observed. It is seen that the
saturation efficiency decreases with increase in velocity of air and the cooling
capacity increases with air velocity. It is also observed that the Aspen fiber has higher
efficiency while coconut coir has lower and the water consumption rate increases with
air mass flow rate. [5]
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Alosaimy A S (2013), “Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled with

Solar Water Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air”, In the present work,
novel configuration of solar powered desiccant dehumidification system is
investigated. The proposed system comprises two evaporative air coolers. One of the
two coolers functions as an absorber and the second, which is coupled with solar
water heater, functions as a desiccant regenerator. In the experimental part of this
investigation, Calcium Chloride is regenerated using solar energy. Hot water from a
solar collector is circulated through an air heater to regenerate the liquid desiccant.
Mathematical model, which can be applied for analysis of the proposed system, is
developed. Absorption-regeneration cycle for the dehumidifier is described and
analyzed. An expression for the efficiency of the simple cycle is introduced.
Theoretical analysis shows that strong and weak solution concentration limits play a
decisive role in the value of cycle efficiency. System efficiency with consideration of
heat and work added to the system is well defined. The limits of regeneration
temperature and mass of strong solution per kg of produced vapor are found highly
dependent on the operating concentration of desiccant. Experimental results show that
solution with 30% concentration can be regenerated up to 50% using solar energy.
Good agreement is found between the trained data of the ANN model and the
experimental measurements for the whole range of the air inlet temperature.[6]

Farhan Khmamas (2012), “Improving the Environmental Cooling for Air-

Coolers by Using the Indirect-Cooling Method”, Air-coolers are widely used as a
cheap and convenient method for cooling; however, noise, humidity, smoking, and
difficulty in controlling the interior temperature are its major disadvantages. In this
research, we suggest using the indirect evaporative cooling method instead of the
direct method. In this method the air-cooler is modified to operate as a cooling tower
to produce cooling water by the evaporation process; this represents the outdoor unit.
The cooled water is pumped to the indoor unit which consists of a fan coil unit. Many
experiments were carried out to calculate the Evaporation Cooling Effectiveness
(ECE) in case of the direct and indirect cooling (forced or natural). The results for the
two cases were compared. It is concluded that the (ECE) reduces by 15% for forced
evaporation case, and by 22% for the natural case, as compared with the direct case
and (with in 30/5/2008 and 16/6/2008).
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Table 2.1 Studies related to the effect of cooling pad material

2.6. STUDIES ON MODELING OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS

A mathematical model is the mathematical representation of a process, device or

concept; it uses a number of variables to represent inputs and internal states, and sets

of equations and inequalities to describe their interaction. Mathematical models

developed for evaporative cooling system are used to predict the system behaviors
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

like cooling efficiency, temperature drop, optimum air velocity for various inlet

conditions.

Landsberg et al (1979) developed a mathematical model to estimate the average air

temperature inside the glasshouse, subjected to any specified radiant energy load,

outside temperature and humidity. Kimmel et al (1991) developed a theoretical model

of an evaporative cooling in a wetted hide; simulations have showed that the

evaporative effectiveness and effective wettedness depend on the parameters like

temperature, humidity, and air velocity and on intrinsic local properties such as water

content and distribution within the hide. Thomson et al (1994) have developed a

mathematical model using logarithmic approximation for estimating the performance

of natural draft evaporative coolers. Abdel-Wahab (1994) have developed a

mathematical model to estimate the water evaporation rate, air flow rate and cooling

effect in an evaporative cooling system for a farm structure. Singh et al (1997) have

developed a mathematical model to evaluate the relative thermal performance of a

building coupled with an indirect and direct evaporative cooler. Zalewski and

Gryglaszewski (1997) have developed a mathematical model of heat and mass

transfer processes in evaporative fluid coolers. The model consisted of four ordinary

differential equations with necessary boundary conditions and some associated

algebraic equations. Alonso et al (1998) developed a mathematical model to predict

the heat and mass transfer of an indirect evaporative cooler, the model is also be used

for energy analysis and system optimization. Halasz (1998) developed a general non

dimensional mathematical model used for all types of evaporative cooling devices, for

each device a unique rating procedure is established, irrespective of flow direction of

the fluid involved. Zalewski et al (2000) have developed an algorithm for the

optimization of evaporative fluid coolers incorporating the heat and mass transfer,
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

operating costs and production costs of heat exchanger. Sweetland and Lienhard

(2000) have developed a mathematical model using a Karman-Pohlhausen treatment

of the velocity and thermal boundary layers accounting the evaporation of an

entrained water spray and investigated the effect of the water sprays commonly used

to cool freshly drawn glass fibers. In general, a reasonably good matching between

the model and experimental data are reported in these studies.

Al-Nimr et al (2002) have proposed a novel summer airconditioning system

incorporating adiabatic dehumification using moisture absorbent and developed a

mathematical model to predict the improvement in the performance. Dai et al (2002)

investigated a cross-flow direct evaporative cooler, in which the wet durable

honeycomb paper constitutes as the packing material; a mathematical model is

developed that include the governing equations of liquid film and gas phases as well

as the interface conditions. Shammiri (2002) have developed a correlation for

measuring the rate of evaporation of water as the function of salinity of water. Kittas

et al (2003) have predicted the temperature gradient in a partially shaded large green

house equipped with evaporative cooling pads, a simple climate model is developed

incorporating the effect of ventilation rate, roof shading and crop transpiration.

Fisenko et al (2004) have developed a new mathematical model to predict the

performance of mechanical draft cooling tower. Riffat and Zhu (2004) have

developed a mathematical model of indirect evaporative air cooler which utilizes a

porous ceramic and heat pipe; the mathematical model analyzed the effect of humidity

and air velocity of passages. Fuchs et al (2006) have developed a procedure to

evaluate latent heat cooling by means of crop transpiration and free water evaporation

in a wet pad and fan system. Beshkani and Hosseini (2006) have developed a

mathematical model of a rigid media evaporative air cooler, equipped with corrugated
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

papers as a wetted medium; saturation efficiency and pressure drop were evolved as a

function of air velocity and depth of the media. Hettiarachchi et al (2007) investigated

the longitudinal heat conduction in the exchanger wall of a compact plate cross flow

indirect evaporative air cooler using NTU (Number of transfer units) method and

block iterative numerical method. Wang et al (2008) have developed a fuzzy

mathematical method and evaluated the suitability of an evaporative pad cooling

system for poultry houses in China. Wu et al (2009a) conducted a theoretical analysis

to evaluate the heat and mass transfer between air and water film in a direct

evaporative cooler with wet durable honeycomb papers constituting the pad modules.

Wu et al (2009b) investigated the heat and mass transfer in a direct evaporative cooler

numerically; a simplified mathematical model is developed to describe the heat and

moisture transfer between water and air in a direct evaporative cooler. In these

studies, the predictions are reported to be in good agreement with the experimental

data.

2.7 CONCLUSIONS FROM THE LITERATURE REVIEW

From the review of literature presented above, the following are the major

conclusions:

I. With the ongoing energy crisis and pollutant emission constrains, use of

evaporative air coolers are much advantages.

II. The difference between the outside air dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb

temperature is the key factor which decides the use of evaporative coolers.

Larger the difference, usefulness of evaporative coolers is better.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

III. Evaporative cooling can reduce the incoming ambient air temperature to the

room considerably. It is inexpensive, energy efficient and potentially

attractive.

IV. Pre cooling of water could enhance a direct evaporative cooler that cools the

air even below its inlet WBT.

V. The reduction in temperature comes at the expense of higher relative humidity.

It may be disadvantages in certain applications.

VI. Cabinet type evaporative cooler are most popular. The pad material, pad

thickness, air velocity, water circulation rate, and flow arrangements are found

to affect the performance of such evaporative coolers.

VII. Various attempts have been made to study the effect of various parameters on

the evaporative cooler performance. The pad material, and pad thickness are

found have the major role for a given air flow rate.

VIII. For the given conditions, there exists an optimum pad thickness balancing the

evaporation rate and pressure drop across the pads.

IX. Studies have shown that excessive water circulation does not contribute in

improving the performance. Considerable energy savings are possible by

optimizing the pump operations.

X. Cabinet type coolers are sufficient for cooling of small air volumes. For large

spaces, more cabinet coolers are employed.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT OVERVIEW

An earlier form of evaporative cooling, the windcatcher, was used in ancient

Egypt and Persia thousands of years ago in the form of wind shafts on the roof. They

caught the wind, passed it over subterranean water in a qanat and discharged the

cooled air into the building. Modern Iranians have widely adopted powered

evaporative coolers (coolere âbi).

Fig 3.1 Schematic diagram of an ancient Iranian windcatcher and qanat, used

for evaporative cooling of buildings

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

The evaporative cooler was the subject of numerous US patents in the 20th century;

many of these, starting in 1906, suggested or assumed the use of excelsior (wood

wool) pads as the elements to bring a large volume of water in contact with moving

air to allow evaporation to occur. A typical design, as shown in a 1945 patent,

includes a water reservoir (usually with level controlled by a float valve), a pump to

circulate water over the excelsior pads and a centrifugal fan to draw air through the

pads and into the house.[3] This design and this material remain dominant in

evaporative coolers in the American Southwest, where they are also used to increase

humidity.[4] In the United States, the use of the term swamp cooler may be due to the

odor of algae produced by early units.

Externally mounted evaporative cooling devices (car coolers) were used in some

automobiles to cool interior air—often as aftermarket accessories[6]—until modern

vapor-compression air conditioning became widely available.

Passive evaporative cooling techniques in buildings, such as evaporative cooling

towers, have only been developed and studied in the last 30 years. In 1974, William

H. Goettl invented the "Combination Refrigeration and Evaporative Cooling Air

Conditioner" in Arizona after noticing that evaporative cooling technology works

better in arid climates rather than humidity but that a combination unit would be more

effective. In 1986, two researchers at the University of Arizona, Tucson, W.

Cunningham and T. Thompson, constructed the first passive evaporative cooling

tower in Tucson, AZ. This performance data from this experimental facility became

the foundation of today’s evaporative cooling tower design guidelines, developed by

Baruch Givoni.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Physical principle

Evaporative coolers lower the temperature of air using the principle of evaporative

cooling, unlike typical air conditioning systems which use vapor-compression

refrigeration or absorption refrigerator. Evaporative cooling is the conversion of

liquid water into vapor using the thermal energy in the air, resulting in a lower air

temperature. The energy needed to evaporate the water is taken from the air in the

form of sensible heat, which affects the temperature of the air, and converted

into latent heat, the energy present in the water vapor component of the air, whilst the

air remains at a constant enthalpy value. This conversion of sensible heat to latent

heat is known as an isenthalpic processbecause it occurs at a constant enthalpy value.

Evaporative cooling therefore causes a drop in the temperature of air proportional to

the sensible heat drop and an increase in humidity proportional to the latent heat gain.

Evaporative cooling can be visualized using a psychrometric chart by finding the

initial air condition and moving along a line of constant enthalpy toward a state of

higher humidity.[8]

A simple example of natural evaporative cooling is perspiration, or sweat, secreted by

the body, evaporation of which cools the body. The amount of heat transfer depends

on the evaporation rate, however for each kilogram of water vaporized 2,257 kJ of

energy (about 890 BTU per pound of pure water, at 95 °F (35 °C)) are transferred.

The evaporation rate depends on the temperature and humidity of the air, which is

why sweat accumulates more on humid days, as it does not evaporate fast enough.

Vapor-compression refrigeration uses evaporative cooling, but the evaporated vapor is

within a sealed system, and is then compressed ready to evaporate again, using energy

to do so. A simple evaporative cooler's water is evaporated into the environment, and
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

not recovered. In an interior space cooling unit, the evaporated water is introduced

into the space along with the now-cooled air; in an evaporative tower the evaporated

water is carried off in the airflow exhaust.

Other types of phase-change cooling

A closely related process, sublimation cooling differs from evaporative cooling in that

a phase transition from solid to vapor, rather than liquid to vapor, occurs.

Sublimation cooling has been observed to operate on a planetary scale on the

planetoid Pluto, where it has been called an anti-greenhouse effect.

Another application of a phase change to cooling is the "self-refrigerating" beverage

can. A separate compartment inside the can contains a desiccant and a liquid. Just

before drinking, a tab is pulled so that the desiccant comes into contact with the liquid

and dissolves. As it does so it absorbs an amount of heat energy called the latent heat

of fusion. Evaporative cooling works with the phase change of liquid into vapor and

the latent heat of vaporization, but the self-cooling can uses a change from solid to

liquid, and the latent heat of fusion to achieve the same result.

Applications

Before the advent of refrigeration, evaporative cooling was used for millennia. A

porous earthenware vessel would cool water by evaporation through its

walls; frescoes from about 2500 BC show slaves fanning jars of water to cool rooms.

A vessel could also be placed in a bowl of water, covered with a wet cloth dipping

into the water, to keep milk or butter as fresh as possible.

Evaporative cooling is a common form of cooling buildings for thermal comfort since

it is relatively cheap and requires less energy than other forms of cooling.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Fig 3.2 shows psychrometric chart

The figure showing the Salt Lake City weather data represents the typical summer

climate (June to September). The colored lines illustrate the potential of direct and

indirect evaporative cooling strategies to expand the comfort range in summer time. It

is mainly explained by the combination of a higher air speed on one hand and

elevated indoor humidity when the region permits the direct evaporative cooling

strategy on the other hand. Evaporative cooling strategies that involve the

humidification of the air should be implemented in dry condition where the increase

in moisture content stays below recommendations for occupant’s comfort and indoor

air quality. Passive cooling towers lack the control that traditional HVAC systems

offer to occupants. However, the additional air movement provided into the space can

improve occupant comfort.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Evaporative cooling is most effective when the relative humidity is on the low side,

limiting its popularity to dry climates. Evaporative cooling raises the internal

humidity level significantly, which desert inhabitants may appreciate as the moist air

re-hydrates dry skin and sinuses. Therefore, assessing typical climate data is an

essential procedure to determine the potential of evaporative cooling strategies for a

building. The three most important climate considerations are dry-bulb

temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb depression during the summer

design day. It is important to determine if the wet-bulb depression can provide

sufficient cooling during the summer design day. By subtracting the wet-bulb

depression from the outside dry-bulb temperature, one can estimate the approximate

air temperature leaving the evaporative cooler. It is important to consider that the

ability for the exterior dry-bulb temperature to reach the wet-bulb temperature

depends on the saturation efficiency. A general recommendation for applying direct

evaporative cooling is to implement it in places where the wet-bulb temperature of the

outdoor air does not exceed 22 °C (71.6 °F).[7] However, in the example of Salt Lake

City, the upper limit for the direct evaporative cooling on psychrometric chart is

20 °C (68 °F). Despite this lower value, this climate is still suitable for this technique.

Evaporative cooling is especially well suited for climates where the air is hot

and humidity is low. In the United States, the western/mountain states are good

locations, with evaporative coolers prevalent in cities like Denver, Salt Lake

City, Albuquerque, El Paso, Tucson, and Fresno. Evaporative air conditioning is also

popular and well-suited to the southern (temperate) part of Australia. In dry, arid

climates, the installation and operating cost of an evaporative cooler can be much

lower than that of refrigerative air conditioning, often by 80% or so. However,

evaporative cooling and vapor-compression air conditioning are sometimes used in

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

combination to yield optimal cooling results. Some evaporative coolers may also

serve as humidifiers in the heating season. Even in regions that are mostly arid, short

periods of high humidity may prevent evaporative cooling from being an effective

cooling strategy. An example of this event is the monsoon season in New Mexico and

southern Arizona in July and August.

In locations with moderate humidity there are many cost-effective uses for

evaporative cooling, in addition to their widespread use in dry climates. For example,

industrial plants, commercial kitchens, laundries, dry cleaners, greenhouses, spot

cooling (loading docks, warehouses, factories, construction sites, athletic events,

workshops, garages, and kennels) and confinement farming (poultry ranches, hog, and

dairy) often employ evaporative cooling. In highly humid climates, evaporative

cooling may have little thermal comfort benefit beyond the increased ventilation and

air movement it provides.

3.1 What is 3600 cooling?

In 360°cooler we are going to use four direction cooling pads which allows maximum

efficiency & cooling more area in short time also we have designed special flapper to

flow air in all direction with control. When trying to understand 360 ° cooling, it may

be best to think of air as a type of sponge. Like a sponge, as air comes into contact

with water, it absorbs it. The amount of water absorbed depends largely on how much

water is already in the air. After all, how easily you clean up a spill depend on how

dry a sponge you are using. The term ‘humidity’ describes the level of water in the

air. If the air holds 20% of its capacity, the humidity would be 20%. A humidity of
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

100% indicates that the air is holding all the moisture it can. The lower the humidity,

the more water the air can hold, and the greater amount of evaporation that can take

place.

When describing the amount of moisture in the air, the term relative humidity is used

because the sponginess of air changes relative to air temperature. The warmer the air,

the more spongy it becomes and the more water it can hold.

3.2 Thermodynamics of Evaporative cooling.

360° Evaporative cooling is considering as an adiabatic systems therefore the

process therefore occurs at constant enthalpy.

The cooling of air is the result of transferring the sensible heat of air to the

evaporated water carried by with the air and this sensible heat is transferred in the

form of latent heat. The latent heat required to evaporate the water carried with the

air, when it is passing through a spray of water is taken from the sensible heat of

air. The constant enthalpy adiabatic 360 Evaporative cooling is represented on

psychometric chart as point A represents the condition of ambient air and point C

is the condition of air leaving the 360 Evaporative cooler as the system in

adiabatic cooling.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Sensible Cooling with Dehumidification :

FIG.3.3 In this process the dry-bulb temperature and the moisture content of air

are decreased.

3.3 Conventional Cooler

3.3.1 Drip Type Cooler:-

These coolers are most commonally known as desert coolers. They are

inexpensive and of small size. They are in wide use for cooling rooms, residence,

office and small commercial establishments. The equipment is usually mounted

on the window or on the platform. Cooler consist of various components. Exhaust

fan is used which sucks the air from atmosphere. Fan is surrounded by vertical

porous pads on three sides. These pads are kept wet by dripping in the water tank

or by gravity water distribution. The pad also acts as a filter. Fresh outside air is

drawn in through the wet pads by the fan, when both air and water come in
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

contact, the air gets cooled by evaporation of water into it. The cooling of air on

being delivered to rooms absorbs heat and is permitted to escape freely outside.

3.3.2 Desert Coolers:

The desert cooler is a mini recirculation air-washer incorporating all the elements of

an air-washer in one casing. It is thus unitary equipment. It is used for the evaporative

cooling of rooms where dry ambient conditions (high dry bulb temperature and low to

very low RH level) prevail. A fan sucks the surrounding air through the continuously

wetted pads made up of wooden shavings or loosely knit fibrous material (khus-khus),

whereby the outside air is cooled and humidified. This air is supplied to the room,

where it picks up sensible heat and maintains fairly comfortable conditions. As the

surrounding air is continuously being pumped into the room, the air from the room

should be allowed to escape out through an opening at the farthest end of the

room.The pads are fixed on all the three sides of the casing in louvered panels, which

are provided with perforated water channels on the top. The bottom panel of the

cooler is made is a water tray to which a water supply connection is given; a float

valve controls the water level. A tiny pump picks up the water from the tray and

pumps it to the perforated water channels provided on the louvered side panels. The

water from the channels trickles down the pads to the tray, thus keeping the pads wet.

Over a period of use the pads get dirty and contaminated with dust as the surrounding

air passes through. Therefore the pads have to be cleaned periodically. The packing of

the pads can settle down during operation. So the pads have to be respired in regular

intervals. As is obvious, the desert cooler can be used only when the ambient air is

dry. A well designed and maintained desert cooler can give about 85 to 90%

saturation efficiency.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Other examples

Trees transpire large amounts of water through pores in their leaves called stomata,

and through this process of evaporative cooling, forests interact with climate at local

and global scales

Evaporative cooling is commonly used in cryogenic applications. The vapor above a

reservoir of cryogenic liquid is pumped away, and the liquid continuously evaporates

as long as the liquid's vapor pressure is significant. Evaporative cooling of

ordinary helium forms a 1-K pot, which can cool to at least 1.2 K. Evaporative

cooling of helium-3 can provide temperatures below 300 mK. These techniques can

be used to make cryocoolers, or as components of lower-temperature cryostats such

as dilution refrigerators. As the temperature decreases, the vapor pressure of the liquid

also falls, and cooling becomes less effective. This sets a lower limit to the

temperature attainable with a given liquid.

Evaporative cooling is also the last cooling step in order to reach the ultra-low

temperatures required for Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC). Here, so-called forced

evaporative cooling is used to selectively remove high-energetic ("hot") atoms from

an atom cloud until the remaining cloud is cooled below the BEC transition

temperature. For a cloud of 1 million alkali atoms, this temperature is about 1μK.

Although robotic spacecraft use thermal radiation almost exclusively, many manned

spacecraft have short missions that permit open-cycle evaporative cooling. Examples

include the Space Shuttle, the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM), Lunar

Module and Portable Life Support System. The Apollo CSM and the Space Shuttle

also had radiators, and the Shuttle could evaporate ammonia as well as water. The

Apollo spacecraft used sublimators, compact and largely passive devices that dump
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

waste heat in water vapor (steam) that is vented to space.[citation needed]

When liquid

water is exposed to vacuum it boils vigorously, carrying away enough heat to freeze

the remainder to ice that covers the sublimator and automatically regulates the

feedwater flow depending on the heat load. The water expended is often available in

surplus from the fuel cells used by many manned spacecraft to produce electricity.

However the ice crystals from dumped urine, water etc., which are flying through

space at orbital velocities, have been found to "sand blast" space craft.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

Figure 4.1 of 360° cooler

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

The set-up consisted of the following components:

 Exhaust Fan

 Motor

 Frame

 Cooler Body

 Water Sump

4.1 Exhaust Fan:

Air cooling systems in Cooler most commonly rely on forced air. Forced air is passed

through cooling elements and circulated to the desired locations. Exhaust Fan

provides this air movement. Blower Fan Fan efficiency is the ratio between the

power transferred to the air stream and the power delivered by the motor to the fan.

The power of the airflow is the product of the pressure and the flow, corrected for unit

consistency. Another term for efficiency that is often used with fans is static

efficiency, which uses static pressure instead of total pressure in estimating the

efficiency. When evaluating fan performance, it is important to know which

efficiency term is being used. The fan efficiency depends on the type of fan and

impeller. As the flow rate increases, the efficiency increases to certain height.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Fig 4.2 Fan

4.2 Motor:

Fig.4.3 Motor
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Feature:
 Easy to maintain
 Elevated Performance
 Easy Handling

Specifications:
 Size: 1 Inch
 Material Use: Aluminum Winding
 Usage: Cooler Motor
 Speed (RPM) : 3 Speed

Application:

 Desert Cooler,

 Climate Cooler,

 Double Blower Cooler,

 Single Blower Cooler

Rated Power:

1/7 hp, 1/10 hp

Speed:

1400 rpm

Voltage:

230 V

Frequency:

50 Hz

Out Put Power:

42 Watt

Current: 0.50 A
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Forced air is passed through heating or cooling elements and circulated to the desired

locations. Blower motors provide that air movement. A blower motor is a term that

actually describes a combined unit-- an electrical motor and a fan. Most often, a

centrifugal fan, which looks like a 6- to 10-inch hamster cage, is used. These fans--

mounted in "housings"--are used to force hot or cold air through ducting and vents.

These blower motors are compact in structure and elegant in design, and highly

demanded due to their minimum energy consumption and requirement of low

maintenance. These Cooler Motors are commonly installed in a variety of coolers.

4.3 Re-circulating water pump:

Fig 4.4 Re-circulating water pump

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Voltage: 220-240 V/50Hz

Power: 55 W

Output: 2000 liters/hour

Weight: 1200 grams

A re-circulating pump draws water from the basin under the pumps it through a

system of sprays (or water distributors) from which the water is directed onto the tube

surfaces. Air is induced or forced over the wetted tube surfaces and through the rain

of water droplets. By intimate contact of the air with the wetted tube surfaces and

water droplets evaporation of part of the water occurs thus cooling both the tube

surfaces and the water simultaneously. In this manner evaporation is used to increase

the rate of heat transfer from the tubes to the air. Pump body and casing are made of

high quality plastic which is anti corrosive and highly durable Pumps have excellent

insulation and it is combines pumping, filtration, oxygenation and fountain in one.

Cooling Pad:

Fig.4.5 Cooler Pad

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Most of the cooling pads are made of either aspen fibre or cellulose. A cellulose pad

typically needs more air and water flow than does an aspen pad. More evaporation

can take place through a 6-inch pad than a 4-inch pad. Wide Range of Evaporative

Cooling Pads is available in the market. Evaporative Cooling is the process in which

air is cooled by using the heat in the air to evaporate the water from an adjacent

surface. A temperature reduction of 10 to 200 C (50-68 degree F) can be achieved by

passing the hot fresh air through the wetted pads. Eco Cool Evaporative Cooling Pads

that were manufactured using special cellulose material. Top quality material is useful

in achieving high cooling efficiency and ensuring degradation resistance. The pads are

known for their exceptional wetting properties and airflow to achieve maximum

cooling.

Heating Coil

A heating element converts electrical energy into heat through the process of
resistive or Joule heating. Electric current passing through the element
encounters resistance, resulting in heating of the element. Unlike the Peltier effect,
this process is independent of the direction of current flow.

A typical heating element is usually a coil, ribbon (straight or corrugated), or

strip of wire that gives off heat much like a lamp filament. When an electric current
flows through it, it glows red hot and converts the electrical energy passing through it
intoheat, which it radiates out in all directions
Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 5

DESIGN AND CALCULATION

Design Criteria of the Cooling System

The storage system is rectangular in shape, and the design specifications for the

system as well

as the reservoir seat were done in accordance with Adeniran et al., (2011) as follows;

I. Design of Front and Rear Sides of the Storage System The design of the rear

side of the system was achieved using Equation

Area = length x height

Ar = 0.6096 x 0.762 = 0.0.4645 m2 Where;

Ar = Area of rear side,

Lr = Length of rear side,

Hr = Height of rear side

II. Design of Right and Left Sides of the Storage System The design of the right

and left sides of the system was achieved using Equation

Area = length x height

Ar = 0.4572 x 0.762 = 0.3484 m2 Where;

Ar = Area of rear side,

Lr = Length of rear side,

Hr = Height of rear side

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

The right hand side of the system has the same design with the left side

of the system, with three wellspaced circular openings for insertion of

the suction fans. Each having an area as shown in Equation

(3) 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑥 0.27942

= 0.2451 m2

Where; A = Area, r = Radius

III. Volume of Reservoir: The volume of the reservoir was determined using

Equation

Voulme = length x height x breadth

Vr = 0.6096 x 0.6858 x 0.1778 = 0.07433 m3= 74.33 litres

Where; Vr = volume of reservoir,

Hr = height of reservoir The aluminum frames that make up the storage cabin

were extended upward by 0.1m to serve as reservoir stand while reservoir seat

was constructed above it, as shown Figure 1 – 4. The water distribution

network consists of pipes, an overhead tank and a bottom pipe network to

collect the excess water that drips from the jute. The pipe network also

consists of a control valve which will be used to regulate the flow rate.

IV. Air delivery : from the specification of motor we have found that the motor

delivers air at the rate of 4500 m3 per hour.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Comparison with conventional cooler :

Sr no. Parameters Conventional 360 degree cooler

Cooler
1 Initial Temperature 30°C 30°C
2 Final Temperature 27 °C 23 °C
3 Temperature drop 3°C 7 °C
4 Time required 1.5 hr 1.5 hr
5 Speed of Fan 1300 rpm 1300 rpm

Heating Coil reading:

Sr no. Parameters
1 Initial Temperature 30°C
2 Final Temperature 33°C
3 Temperature Increased 3°C
4 Time required 1.5 hr
5 Speed of Fan 1300 rpm

Heat Load Calculations :

Calculations

Size Of Cooler :-

Air delivery or Air displacement(in Cubic feet per minute CFM) = [Area of room in
square feet ] x [height of room]

= 10*10*10 = 500 CFM

i.e. V1 = 14 cub m/min

[1 CFM = 0.028 cub m/min]

The factor 2 in denominator denotes that the air in the room is changed once in every
2 minutes.

HEAT LOAD CALCULATION:-

1BTU/hr=0.293 Watt Area of room (BTU )

= L*W*31.25 = 10*10*31.25

= 3125 BTU/hr

= 915.625 Watt
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

2. North window without shading(BTU) = L*W*1.4 = 2*2*1.4

=5.6 BTU/hr

= 1.6408 W

3. South window without shading (BTU) = L*W*1.4 =2*2*1.4

=5.6 BTU/hr = 1.6408 W 4. Occupant (BTU)

= No. of People *600

= 3*600 =1800 BTU/hr

= 527.4 W

Note:- assuming 600 BTU per person

Heat gain:-

Color TV =100w/24hr =4.1667w/hr

Computer = 6.25w

Lighting Equip. = 2(22)+40 = 84W/24hr =3.5 W/hr

5. Equipment (BTU)

= Total equipment Watts*3.4 =(4.1667+6.25)*3.4

= 35.4167 BTU = 10.3771 W

6. Lighting (BTU) = Total Lighting Watts*4.25

= 3.5*4.25

= 14.875 BTU

= 4.3583 W

7. Total (BTU) = eqn (1+2+3+4+5+6)

= 1461.042 W Air delivery

= 500 CFM Through air cooler

= 500*163.17 BTU/hr
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

= 500*16317*0.293 =23904.405W >HeatLoad (i.e. 1461.04 W)

Psychometric Chart Assuming:-

RH Std. air condition = 40 degree c DBT & 20 Degree c WBT Expected / Required
condition =20 degree c DBT & 55%.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 6

WORKING OF 360°COOLER

It works on the principle that when moist but unsaturated air comes in contact with a

wetted surface (whose temperature is higher than the dew point temperature of air)

some water from the wetted surface evaporates into air. In this project the cooling of

air is done by using cold water or any other refrigerant which is circulated over the

surrounding mesh for the purpose of reducing the heat in the surrounding

environment, where it is of great importance in widely distributed areas. This project

consist of Exhaust fan which sucks the air from atmosphere. Fan is surrounded by

vertical porous wood shavings on three sides. These wood shavings are kept wet by

dripping in the water tank or by gravity water distribution. Instead of mounting the

fan in traditional way as in desert cooler, it is mounted horizontally, so that the air will

be circulated in all directions.

Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

Fig 5.1 actual model of 360 degree cooler

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 7

OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

 Energy Crisis: this A.C. consumes less electricity.

 It doesn’t create any type of pollution so it is eco-friendly.

 This A.C. supplies air without increasing humidity compared with

conventional air coolers.

 It has low operational and overall cost.

 It can be used in winter for heating rooms

 360 direction will allow to sit people any where

Motivation
Low humidity cause respiratory illness or certain allergies breathing problems

and may cause joint pain.

On the other hand high humidity encourages bacteria mould and fungus growth

To design such a system which can work at relative humidity levels and to

maintain optimum rang of humidity.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 8

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

8.1 ADVANTAGES

 low cost

 high effectiveness

 permitting a wide range of applications

 versatility in the buildings, dwellings, commercial and industrial sectors.

 They can be specially applied in dry and hot climates, as the minimum cooling

temperature for the air depend on its the wet bulb temperature.

 Evaporative air coolers which are used for air-conditioning in hot and dry

climates, have considerably low energy consumption compared to refrigerated

systems. Because they do not need any refrigerant.

 Evaporative air coolers have another important advantage over refrigerated

systems which are associated with the ozone layer depletion problem.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

5.2 DISADVANTAGE

 water consumption associated to the operation of these systems, which is a

scarce resource in dry and hot climates, where these systems best work. the

reduction in electric consumption implies compensation in the global amount

of water consumed. This is due to the fact that conventional power plants with

an average performance.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 9

COST ESTIMATION

SR. NO. LIST OF MATERIAL COST

1. GI SHEET 950/-

2. FAN 150/-

3. MOTOR 850/-

4. FRAME 720/-

5. COOLER BODY 4000/

6. DIMMER AND ELECTRIC WIRES 250/-

7. WATER SUMP 350/-

8. HEATING COIL 500/-

8. JOINING MATERIAL 570/-

9. MISCELLENEOUS 1500/-

10. WELDING AND FAN MAKING LABOUR COST 1800/-

TOTAL 11640/-

TABLE 9.1 COST ESTIMATION TABLE

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 10

FUTURE SCOPE

1. It works best for comfort cooling in hot and dry. EACs are widely used in the

Middle East Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Eastern African, northern

Mexico, and the southwestern United States.

2. IEAC can be useful in some comfort cooling applications and also for many

commercial applications such as greenhouses and poultry houses.

3. It is low cost as well as low power consumption as compared to compressor

based A/C system.

4. 360 design will allow person to sit in any direction.

5. During winter it can be used for heating room.

 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION

The output of the project is

• Comfort thermal conditions achieved in the living room. That is room temperature
up to 20.7 °C and relative humidity of 52%.

• At lower cost natural cooling cabin for preservation of food has been developed. So
as comparing the cost of this product with the existing products in the market is, solar
product appeals better and affordable by common people. This solar product perfectly
suits for villages, schools and offices and thus prevention from the power cut
problems. It comprises of many attractive features such as usage of solar energy,
cooler and cooling cabin at lower cost. The above method is eco-friendly and natural,
electricity savers. Durability of our product is more thus minimizing the cost. No
electricity is spent so this product saves the energy and saves environment from
getting polluted.

 360 degree evaporative cooler has been successfully fabricated, which supplies
cooled air in all direction to achieve comfort and reduce the temperature throughout
the space to be cooled
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

REFERENCES

1. O. Amer, R. Boukhanouf, And H. G. Ibrahim, ‘A Review Of Evaporative

Cooling Technologies’ International Journal Of Environmental Science And
Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, February 2015
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Evaporative Cooler’, Novateur Publications International Journal Of
Innovations In Engineering Research And Technology [Ijiert] , Issn: 2394-
3696, Volume 2, Issue 4, Apr.-2015
3. Akhilesh Yadav, Rajatkumar Bachchan, Sankesh Toraskar, Dattaprasad
Tendolkar, Prof. Ramankumar, ‘Design And Fabrication Of 360 Cooler Cum
Heater’, International Research Journal Of Engineering And Technology
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Vivek M. Shahane, Nivrutti Satpute, Vitthal N. Garje, Prof. Shrikant D
Jadhav5, ‘Manufacturing Of 360 Degree Rotation Air Cooler’, International
Research Journal Of Engineering And Technology (Irjet) E-Issn: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018
4. Rajesh Maurya, Dr. Nitin Shrivastava, Vipin Shrivastava, ‘Performance
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Issn 2229-5518
5. Alosaimy A S (2013), “Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled with
Solar Water Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air”, International Journal
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New Delhi. Page no. 1460-1474.
9. R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning” S. Chand
Publication House. Page no. 198-212.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

10. C.P. Arora, “Thermodynamics” Tata McGraw-Hill Publication company

Limited, New Delhi. Page no. Page no. 62-76.
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Publication company Limited, New Delhi. Page no. 64-80.
 Design And Fabrication Of 360 DEGREE AIR COOLER

ACTUAL MODEL OF PROJECT