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    Trisonomy 21

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    Trisomies refer to the presence of three chromosomes instead of the usual pair. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur due to a process called nondisjunction during gamete formation. Down syndrome causes intellectual disabilities and developmental delays, as well as physical characteristics like a flat face and large tongue. While life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased to around 60 years, there is no cure currently. Treatment focuses on physical, speech, occupational, and behavioral therapies to improve skills and adapt to abilities.

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    Trisonomy 21

    Uploaded by

    Seventeen's
    98 views3 pages
    Trisomies refer to the presence of three chromosomes instead of the usual pair. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur due to a process called nondisjunction during gamete formation. Down syndrome causes intellectual disabilities and developmental delays, as well as physical characteristics like a flat face and large tongue. While life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased to around 60 years, there is no cure currently. Treatment focuses on physical, speech, occupational, and behavioral therapies to improve skills and adapt to abilities.

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    file about genetic disease triosnomy 21.

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    trisonomy 21

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    Trisomies refer to the presence of three chromosomes instead of the usual pair. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur due to a process called nondisjunction during gamete formation. Down syndrome causes intellectual disabilities and developmental delays, as well as physical characteristics like a flat face and large tongue. While life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased to around 60 years, there is no cure currently. Treatment focuses on physical, speech, occupational, and behavioral therapies to improve skills and adapt to abilities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    98 views3 pages

    Trisonomy 21

    Uploaded by

    Seventeen's
    Trisomies refer to the presence of three chromosomes instead of the usual pair. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur due to a process called nondisjunction during gamete formation. Down syndrome causes intellectual disabilities and developmental delays, as well as physical characteristics like a flat face and large tongue. While life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased to around 60 years, there is no cure currently. Treatment focuses on physical, speech, occupational, and behavioral therapies to improve skills and adapt to abilities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    What are trisomies?

    The term trisomy is used to describe the presence of three chromosomes, rather than the usual matched pair of
    chromosomes. if a baby is born with three #21 chromosomes, rather than the usual pair, then the baby would be said to
    have "trisomy 21." Trisomy 21 is also known as Down syndrome.

    Down Syndrome

    Down Syndrome is a type of mental retardation caused by extra genetic material in chromosome 21. This can be due to
    a process called nondisjunction, in which genetic materials fail to separate during a crucial part of the formation of
    gametes, resulting in an extra chromosome (called trisomy 21). The cause of nondisjunction is not known, although it
    correlates with a woman’s age reference. The additional material present influences development and results in the
    state known as Down Syndrome.

    Some physical characteristics of Down Syndrome in infants are decreased muscle tone, a flat face, eyes slanting up,
    irregular shaped ears, ability to extend joints beyond the usual, large space between the big toe and its neighbouring
    toe, large tongue relative to the mouth, etc.

    Down Syndrome patients can also be afflicted with other conditions, including heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and
    leukaemia.

    Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities in humans. It occurs in about one per 1,000
    babies born each year. In 2015, Down syndrome was present in 5.4 million individuals globally and resulted in 27,000
    deaths, down from 43,000 deaths in 1990.

    Life expectancy among adults with Down syndrome is about 60 years, though average lifespan varies.

    There is no cure for Down syndrome. Doctors are not certain how to prevent the chromosomal error that causes Down
    syndrome. To date, there is no reason to believe that a parent could have done anything to cause or prevent the birth of
    a baby with Down syndrome.

    Some people claim that various high-dose vitamins given to children with Down syndrome will improve the mental
    performance and lessen the degree of intellectual disability. To date, however, no medical studies have proved that this
    actually works. It is important for new families to talk with their physician, other families, and national Down syndrome
    support agencies to learn what to expect with Down syndrome and to learn about things that may be helpful in raising a
    child with Down syndrome.

    Treatment Therapies

    Physical therapy includes activities and exercises that help build motor skills, increase muscle strength, and improve
    posture and balance.

    Speech-language therapy can help children with Down syndrome improve their communication skills and use language
    more effectively.

    Occupational therapy helps find ways to adjust everyday tasks and conditions to match a person's needs and abilities.

    Emotional and behavioral therapies work to find useful responses to both desirable and undesirable behaviors.

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