March 23, 2017

REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709

CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

NOTICE
This is a standard special provision that revises or modifies CDOT’s Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge
Construction. It has gone through a formal review and approval process and has been issued by CDOT’s Project
Development Branch with formal instructions for its use on CDOT construction projects. It is to be used as written
without change. Do not use modified versions of this special provision on CDOT construction projects, and do not
use this special provision on CDOT projects in a manner other than that specified in the instructions unless such
use is first approved by CDOT’s Standards and Specifications Unit. The instructions for use on CDOT
construction projects appear below.

Other agencies which use the Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction to administer
construction projects may use this special provision as appropriate and at their own risk.

Instructions for use on CDOT construction projects:

Use on all projects with Concrete Class E and Class P

The designer will place a note in the General Notes indicating whether the project will be accepted by flexural
strength or compressive strength.

The Region Materials Engineer shall be consulted for assigning the acceptance criteria.

For rural projects the following criteria will be used for assigning acceptance criteria:

 Projects with greater than 5,000 sq. yds of PCCP will be accepted by flexural strength criteria.
 Projects with 5,000 or less sq. yds of PCCP will be accepted by compressive strength criteria
 If a rural project with greater than 5,000 sq. yds of PCCP consists of scattered repairs, or only intersection
replacements, compressive strength criteria will be used for acceptance.

For metro area projects:

 Projects with more than 50,000 sq.yds. will be flexural strength.
 Project with less than 5,000 sq.yds. will be compressive strength
 Projects with 5,000 to 50,000 sq.yds could be either compressive or flexural. Consult the RME to
determine acceptance method. Projects projected to have an on-site batch plant are encouraged to use
flexural strength acceptance
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Sections 105, 106, 412, 601 and 709 of the Standard Specifications are hereby revised for this project as follows:

Delete subsection 105.06 and replace with the following:

105.06 Conformity to the Contract of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement. Conformity to the Contract of all
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Item 412, will be determined in accordance with the following:
When the Engineer finds that the materials furnished, the work performed, or the finished product does not
conform with the Contract, or the Pay Factor (PF) for an element's process is less than 0.75 but that reasonably
acceptable work has been produced, the Engineer will determine the extent of the work that will be accepted and
remain in place. The Engineer will use a Contract Modification Order to document the justification for allowing the
work to remain in place and the price adjustment that will be applied.
When the Engineer finds the materials furnished, work performed, or the finished product is not in conformity with
the Contract, or the PF for an element's process is less than 0.75 and has resulted in an inferior or unsatisfactory
product, the work or material shall be removed and replaced or otherwise corrected by and at the expense of the
Contractor. When the PF for any process is 0.75 or greater, the finished quantity of work represented by the
process will be accepted at the calculated pay factor.
Materials will be sampled and tested by the Contractor and the Department in accordance with subsection 106.06
and with procedures contained in the Department's Field Materials Manual. The approximate quantity
represented by each sample will be as set forth in subsection 106.06, Tables 106-2 and 106-3. Additional
samples may be selected and tested at the Engineer's discretion.
(a) Incentive and Disincentive Payments (I/DP) will be made based on a statistical analysis that yields Pay
Factors (PF) and Quality Levels (QL). The PF and QL will be made based on test results for the elements of
compressive strength and pavement thickness (compressive strength criteria) or the elements of flexural
strength and pavement thickness (flexural strength criteria). The Department will indicate in the plans whether
compressive strength or flexural strength criteria will be used. If the acceptance criteria is not indicated,
flexural strength criteria shall be used.
Incentive or Disincentive payment will not be made for thickness of concrete pavement furnished by the
Contractor and placed by others.
When compressive strength criteria is indicated, then the QL will be calculated for the elements of
compressive strength and pavement thickness on a process basis. When flexural strength criteria is
indicated, then the QL will be calculated for the elements of flexural strength and pavement thickness on a
process basis. A process will consist of the test results from a series of random samples. Test results
determined to have sampling or testing errors will not be used. All materials produced will be assigned to a
process. Changes in mix design, design pavement thickness, or a break of more than 120 working days
between placements will create a new process. The following is provided to clarify changes in processes for
each element:
1. Construction of mainline pavement, including the shoulders if placed with the mainline, is a single process
for the compressive or flexural strength element, when the mix design does not change and there is not a
break of more than 120 days between placements.

2. Construction of mainline pavement, including the shoulders if placed with the mainline, is a single process
for the thickness element, when the planned thickness does not change and there is not a break of more
than 120 days between placements.

3. Construction of ramps, acceleration and deceleration lanes and shoulders placed separately are
considered separate processes.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

4. Changes in paving equipment, changes in placement method, changes in hauling equipment,

adjustments to mix designs that do not require a new mix design, changes in weather conditions, and
changes in production rate shall not create a new process in the strength or thickness elements.
The Contractor and Engineer will determine element processes and what distinguishes them as processes
during the pre-pave meetings prior to any concrete placement.
(b) When it is necessary to represent material by one or two tests, each individual test shall have a PF computed
in accordance with the following:
If the value of the test is at or above the lower tolerance limit, then PF = 1.000. If the value of the test is
below the lower tolerance limit, then:
PF = 1.00 – [0.25(TL -T0)/V]
where: PF = pay factor.
V = V factor from Tables 105-4 or 105-5.
T0 = the individual test value.
TL= lower tolerance limit.
(c) The following procedures will be used to compute Incentive and Disincentive Payments (I/DP), quality levels
(QL), and pay factors (PF) for processes represented by three or more tests:
1. Quality Level (QL) will be calculated according to CP-71.
2. Compute the PF for the process. When the process has been completed, the number of tests (Pn) it
includes shall determine the formula to be used to compute the final pay factor in accordance with the
following:
A. For compressive strength and pavement thickness:
When 3 ≤ Pn ≤ 5
If QL ≥ 85, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 85)0.001333
If QL < 85, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 85)0.005208
When 6 ≤ Pn ≤ 9
If QL ≥ 90, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 90)0.002000
If QL < 90, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 90)0.005682
When 10 ≤ Pn ≤ 25
If QL ≥ 93, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 93)0.002857
If QL < 93, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 93)0.006098
When Pn ≥ 26
If QL ≥ 95, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 95)0.004000
If QL < 95, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 95)0.006757
B. For flexural strength:
When 3 ≤ Pn ≤ 5
If QL ≥ 85, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 85)0.002000
If QL < 85, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 85)0.005208
 March 23, 2017

3
REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

When 6 ≤ Pn ≤ 9
If QL ≥ 90, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 90)0.003000
If QL < 90, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 90)0.005682
When 10 ≤ Pn ≤ 25
If QL ≥ 93, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 93)0.004286
If QL < 93, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 93)0.006098
When Pn ≥ 26
If QL ≥ 95, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 95)0.006000
If QL < 95, then PF = 1.00 + (QL - 95)0.006757

3. Compute the I/DP for the process:

I/DP = (PF-1)(QR)(UP)
where: QR = Quantity Represented by the process.
UP = Unit Price bid for the Item.
The total I/DP for an element shall be computed by accumulating the individual I/DP for each process of
that element.

(d) As acceptance test results become available, they will be used to calculate accumulated QL and Incentive
and Disincentive Payments (I/DP) for each element and for the item. The Contractor's test results and the
accumulated calculations shall be made available to the Engineer upon request. The Engineer's test results
and the calculations will be made available to the Contractor as early as reasonably practical. Numbers from
the calculations shall be carried to significant figures and rounded according to AASHTO Standard
Recommended Practice R-11, Rounding Method.
I/DP will be made to the Contractor in accordance with subsection 412.24(a). During production, interim I/DP
will be computed for information only. The Pn will change as production continues and test results
accumulate. The Pn at the time an I/DP is computed shall determine the formula to be used.
(e) The Contractor shall not have the option of accepting a price reduction or disincentive in lieu of producing
specification material. Continued production of non-specification material will not be permitted. Material
which is obviously defective may be isolated and rejected without regard to sampling sequence or location
within a process.
(f) When compressive strength is indicated, the Contractor may take cores at his own expense and in
accordance with Colorado Procedure 65 to provide an alternative determination of strength to replace
acceptance test results with a compressive strength less than 4,500 psi. The higher value of the 28 day
compressive strength of acceptance cylinders or the corresponding core’s compressive strength will be used
for I/DP.
When flexural strength is indicated, the Contractor may take cores at his own expense and in accordance with
Colorado Procedure 65 to provide an alternative determination of strength to replace QC test results with a
flexural strength less than 650 psi. The cores shall be obtained prior to 45 days after placement. The higher
value of the 28 day flexural strength of QC beams or the corresponding core’s flexural strength will be used
for I/DP.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Table 105-4
"V" FACTORS AND INCENTIVE PAYMENTS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CRITERIA
Maximum
Lower Tolerance
Element V factor Incentive Plan Value
Limit, TL
Payment
Compressive Strength 400 psi 3.00 percent 4,500 psi 4,500 psi

Plan Thickness Plan Thickness

Pavement Thickness 0.4 inch 2.00 percent
-0.4 inch

Table 105-5
"V" FACTORS AND INCENTIVE PAYMENTS
FLEXURAL STRENGTH CRITERIA
Maximum Lower Tolerance
Element V factor Incentive Limit, TL Plan Value
Payment
Flexural Strength 50 psi 3.00% 570 psi 650 psi

Plan Thickness Plan Thickness

Pavement Thickness 0.4 inch 2.00%
-0.4"

Sand Equivalence. If compressive strength criteria is indicated then the sand equivalence (SE) as determined by
CP 37 will be considered acceptable when the running average of three consecutive tests is greater than 80
percent and no individual test result is less than 75 percent. When the running average of three consecutive SE
tests falls below 80 percent or an individual SE test result falls below 75 percent, paving operations shall be
suspended. The Contractor shall submit a written plan to correct the low SE test results to the Engineer for
approval. The Contractor shall not continue paving operations until the Engineer approves the plan in writing and
three SE test results from random samples in the stockpile are above 80 percent.
Delete subsection 106.06 and replace with the following:
106.06 Sampling and Testing of Portland Cement Concrete Paving. All Portland Cement Concrete
Pavement, Item 412, shall be tested in accordance with the following quality control and acceptance testing
procedures:
(a) Quality Control Testing. The Contractor shall be responsible for quality control testing of all elements listed in
Table 106-2 or 106-3. Quality control testing shall be performed at the expense of the Contractor. The
Contractor shall develop a quality control plan (QCP) in accordance with the following:
1. Quality Control Plan. For each element listed in Tables 106-2 or 106-3, the QCP must provide adequate
details to ensure that the Contractor will perform quality control. The Contractor shall submit the QCP to
the Engineer at the preconstruction conference. The Contractor shall not start any work on the project
until the Engineer has approved the QCP in writing.

A. Frequency of Tests or Measurements. The QCP shall indicate a random sampling frequency, which
shall be equal to or more frequent than that shown in Table 106-2 or 106-3. The quality control tests
shall be independent of acceptance tests.
B. Test Result Chart. Each quality control test result, the appropriate area, volume, and the tolerance
limits shall be plotted. The chart shall be posted daily at a location convenient for viewing by the
Engineer.
C. Quality Level Chart. The QL for each element in Table 106-2 or 106-3 shall be plotted. The QL shall
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

be calculated in accordance with the procedure in CP 71 for Determining Quality Level. The QL shall
be calculated on tests 1 through 3, then tests 1 through 4, then tests 1 through 5, then thereafter the
last five consecutive test results. The area of material represented by the last test result shall
correspond to the QL.
D. F-test and t-test Charts. If flexural strength criteria is indicated, then the results of F-test and t-test
analysis between the Department's verification tests of flexural strength and the Contractor's quality
control tests of flexural strength shall be shown on charts. The F-test and t-test shall be calculated in
accordance with standard statistical procedures using all verification tests and quality control tests
completed to date. When a verification test is completed, the F-test and t-test calculations shall be
redone. The area of material represented by the last test result shall correspond to the F-test and t-
test. A warning value of 5 percent and an alert value of 1 percent shall be shown on each chart. The
chart shall be posted daily at a location convenient for viewing by the Engineer.
2. Point of Sampling. The material for quality control testing shall be sampled by the Contractor using CP
61. The location where material samples will be taken shall be indicated in the QCP.
3. Testing Standards. The QCP shall indicate which testing standards will be followed. Acceptable
standards are Colorado Procedures, AASHTO and ASTM. The order of precedence is Colorado
Procedures, AASHTO procedures and then ASTM procedures.
The compressive strength test for quality control will be the average strength of two test cylinders cast in
plastic molds from a single sample of concrete, cured under standard laboratory conditions, and tested
three to seven days after molding.

4. Testing Supervisor Qualifications. The person in charge of and responsible for the quality control testing
shall be identified in the QCP. This person shall be present on the project and possess one or more of
the following qualifications:
A. Registration as a Professional Engineer in the State of Colorado.
B. Registration as an Engineer in Training in the State of Colorado with two years of paving experience.
C. A Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering or Civil Engineering Technology with three years of paving
experience.
D. National Institute for Certification in Engineering (NICET) certification at level III or higher in the
subfields of Transportation Engineering Technology, Highway Materials, or Construction Materials
Testing Engineering Technology, Concrete and four years of paving experience.
5. Technician Qualifications. Technicians performing tests shall meet the requirements of Colorado
Procedure 10.
6. Testing Equipment. All of the testing equipment used to conduct quality control testing shall conform to
the standards specified in the test procedures and be in good working order. If flexural strength criteria is
indicated, then the Contractor shall provide the following equipment and supplies which will not be paid
for separately but shall be included in the work:
A. A separate, temperature controlled facility of at least 300 square feet usable space. This facility shall
be used exclusively for the molding, storage and testing of concrete test specimens as required. This
facility shall be provided in addition to other facilities required in Section 620. The storage facility
shall have sufficient water storage capacity for curing all required test specimens. The storage facility
shall provide separate storage tanks for each type of required testing. Each storage tank shall have a
continuously recording thermometer and sufficient blank charts for the project. Temperatures of each
storage tank shall be recorded for the duration of the project.
B. A machine for testing flexural strength of concrete specimens. The machine shall be one of the
following or an approved equal:
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

1. Forney model number FHS-300 with a Co-Pilot digital monitor.

2. Humboldt model number HCM-3000 with a iD Digital Indicator
3. Gilson model number MC-400 with Pro Controller

Both the Contractor and the Engineer will use this machine for testing concrete specimens. The
machine shall meet the requirements of AASHTO T 97 and T 22 and the following: The machine and
the flexural strength assembly shall be of a rigid construction. The applied vertical load shall be
uniformly distributed to the third points and uniformly across the width of the beam (transverse
distribution). Uniform distribution of the load is defined as less than a 3 percent variation in the load
between each of the nine strain gages placed in the middle third section of the tension face for loads
from 1,000 to 10,000 pounds. Two firms that can evaluate and assess the ability of the machine to
distribute the load evenly are KPFF Consulting Engineers, Chicago Illinois 847-859-7790 and
Construction Testing Laboratories, Skokie Illinois 847-965-7500 . Other firms may be capable of
evaluating and assessing the load distribution of the machine. The Engineer must approve the firm
prior to assessing the machine. The machine shall be ready for use and certified two days before
paving begins. After the machine has been certified and accepted by the Engineer it shall not be
moved until all portland cement concrete paving and flexural strength acceptance tests have been
completed. A weekly check of the planeness of all bearing surfaces on the flexural strength
apparatus shall be made and recorded in the Contractor’s QC notebook for each week that flexural
strength testing occurs. If the nominal maximum aggregate size of the mix is ¾ inches or less, then
the Contractor shall also provide a separate flexural strength apparatus that is configured to test
4x4x14 inch beam specimens. Swapping flexural strength apparatuses will not require recertification
of the test machine.
C. Beam molds for molding all test specimens required. Beam molds shall have a cross section of
approximately 6 inches by 6 inches. All beam molds shall be checked by the Contractor prior to
being placed in service and monthly. The checks of each beam mold shall be recorded in the
Contractor’s QC notebook. This shall include all testing described in subsection 106.06. If the
nominal maximum aggregate size of the mix is ¾ inches or less, then the Contractor shall also
provide beam molds with a cross section of 4 inches by 4 inches and a minimum length of 14 inches.
7. Reporting and Record Keeping. The Contractor shall report the results of the tests to the Engineer in
writing at least once per day.
The Contractor shall assemble a Quality Control (QC) notebook and update it daily. This notebook shall
contain all worksheets, test results forms, test results charts and quality level charts for each of the
elements listed in Table 106-2 or 106-3. The Contractor shall submit examples of worksheets, test result
forms and test results charts in accordance with CP 12B as part of the Contractor's Quality Control Plan
(QCP). The Contractor shall submit the QC notebook to the Engineer for review once a month on the
date agreed to at the Pre-Construction Conference.
The QC notebook will be returned to the Contractor with a list of recognized deficiencies within two
working days after submittal. Deficiencies may include, but are not limited to, the failure to submit the
notebook on time or an absence of the required reports. For any month in which deficiencies are
identified, the QC notebook will be submitted for review two weeks after the QC notebook is returned.
Upon the second recognized deficiency the Engineer will notify the Contractor, and the pay estimate shall
be withheld until the Contractor submits, in writing, a report detailing the cause for the recognized
deficiency. The report shall include how the Contractor plans to resolve the deficiencies. Additional
recognized deficiencies will result in a delay of the pay estimate until the Contractor has identified and
resolved the deficiency along with revising and resubmitting his QCP to address these issues. Once the
Engineer has reviewed and approved the revised QCP the estimate may be paid. Upon submittal of the
QC notebook for the semi-final estimate, the QC notebook shall become the property of the Department.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

The Contractor shall make provisions such that the Engineer can inspect quality control work in progress,
including QC notebook, sampling, testing, plants, and the Contractor's testing facilities at any time.
8. Optimized Gradation. The Contractor will be required to perform quality control testing of the combined
aggregate gradation (CAG) when an Optimized Gradation (OG) is used for Class E or P Concrete. The
combined aggregate gradation testing frequency shall be three per day. Test one shall be sampled and
tested after full production begins but before production reaches 100 cubic yards. Test two shall be
sampled and tested after four hours of continuous production or production reaches 1000 cubic yards,
whichever comes first. Test three shall be sampled and tested after seven hours of continuous production
or production reaches 1750 cubic yards, whichever comes first. The frequency shall be a minimum of one
per day if production is less than 750 cubic yards.

The Department will perform one gradation each day that may be a split of one of the three daily QC
samples. This data will not be used to determine acceptability of the material but as information only.

The Contractor’s gradation test data will be used to calculate the coarseness factor (CF) and workability
factor (WF) and must plot within the workability box. No corrective action shall be required if the data falls
within the workability box.

When the Contractor’s gradation test results and the CF and WF fall outside the workability box, the
Contractor shall immediately make corrections to bring the aggregate gradation within the workability box
and notify the Engineer. If two or more consecutive test results for any single day or two successive days
are found to fall outside the workability box, the Contractor shall immediately suspend production and
provide a written corrective plan to the Engineer for approval prior to resuming production.

Upon being allowed to resume production, the Contractor shall follow the daily sampling frequency. If the
next two consecutive gradation tests indicate the CF and WF plot inside the workability box, the
Contractor may continue production. If the first two aggregate samples do not have CF and WF that fall
inside the workability box, production shall be suspended.

Prior to resuming production the Contractor shall be required to sample the individual aggregate
stockpiles at two or more locations to determine the range of variability within each stockpile, make
appropriate adjustments to the percentages for each aggregate component, and discharge and sample
the combined aggregates. The combined aggregate gradation shall be tested to determine if the CF and
WF fall inside the workability box. Production can resume if the CF and WF plot within the workability box.
Production will continue to be suspended for additional evaluation of stockpiles and aggregate feed rates
until gradation sampling and testing indicate the CF and WF fall inside the workability box.

All gradation test information during production shall be provided to the Engineer daily. The Contractor
shall immediately report all gradation test data to the Engineer for evaluation during periods when
production is suspended or upon resuming production. The Contractor will be notified in writing in all
cases when production may resume or shall remain suspended.

(b) Acceptance Testing. Acceptance testing frequencies shall be in accordance with the Schedule (Quality
Assurance) in the Department’s Field Materials Manual. Except for flexural strength, acceptance tests will be
conducted by and at the expense of the Department. Acceptance sampling and testing procedures will be in
accordance with the Department's Field Materials Manual with the following exceptions and inclusions:
A split sample from an acceptance test shall not be used for a quality control test. The Engineer will
designate the location where samples are to be taken. Samples shall be taken by the Contractor in
accordance with CP 61. The Engineer will be present during the sampling and take possession of all
acceptance samples. Samples transported in different containers will be combined and mixed before molding
specimens. All materials are subject to inspection and testing at all times.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Pavement thickness acceptance will be determined by cores.

The compressive strength test for acceptance will be the average compressive strength of three test cylinders
cast in plastic molds from a single sample of concrete and cured under standard laboratory conditions prior to
testing. If the compressive strength of any one specimen differs from the average by more than 10 percent,
that specimen will be deleted and the average strength will be determined using the remaining two
specimens. If the compressive strength of more than one specimen differs from the average by more than 10
percent the average strength will be determined using all three specimens. Each set of three cylinders will be
tested at 28 days after molding.
Acceptance tests for flexural strength shall be the Contractor's quality control tests. The flexural strength
tests shall be the average flexural strength of four test beams. The test beams shall be prepared according to
AASHTO T 23. The flexural strength of each specimen shall be measured according to AASHTO T 97 with
the following additional requirements: If the flexural strength of only one specimen differs from the average by
more than 10 percent, that specimen shall be deleted and the average strength shall be determined using the
remaining three specimens. If the flexural strength of more than one specimen differs from the average by
more than 10 percent, the test value shall be the average of all four specimens. Each set of four beams shall
be tested at 28 days after molding. If the nominal maximum aggregate size of the mix is ¾ inches or less,
then the Contractor shall prepare three additional test beams using the 4x4x14 inch molds. The 4x4x14 inch
specimens will be tested 28 days. The results of the 4x4x14 inch specimens will be for information only and
will not be used to determine the acceptability of the concrete. Results of the 4x4x14 inch specimens will be
reported to the Engineer with the corresponding acceptance test results. These additional specimens are
being used to evaluate the validity of using smaller test specimens for acceptance.
(c) Verification Testing. Verification testing will be used only when flexural strength criteria is indicated and is the
responsibility of the Department. The Department will determine the locations where samples or
measurements are to be taken. The location of sampling shall be based on a stratified random procedure.
Verification sampling and testing procedures will be in accordance with Sections 105, 106, 412, the Schedule
for Minimum Materials Sampling, Testing and Inspection in the Department's Field Materials Manual, and CP
13. Samples for verification testing shall be taken by the Contractor in accordance with CP 61 in the
presence of the Engineer.
An analysis of test results will be performed after all test results are known using the t-test and F-test
statistical methods with an alpha value set at 0.05. If either the above t-test and F-test analysis shows a
significant difference, then the following items shall be checked: comparison of beam fracture locations and
types, computations and flexural testing machine outputs, curing tank temperature charts, slump and air
contents, plant batch tickets for major changes, review of sampling, molding, testing procedures, along with
IAT check tests and any other investigations that may clarify the significant differences. If after a review of the
data no reasons can be determined for the significant difference, the Department's test data shall be used for
determining Quality Levels and Incentive or Disincentive according to the methods in this Section.

(d) Check Testing. The Contractor and the Engineer shall conduct a check testing program (CTP) prior to the
placement of any concrete pavement. The check testing program will include a conference directed by the
Region Materials Engineer, the Contractor's testers and the Department's testers concerning methods,
procedures and equipment for compressive or flexural strength testing. Check testing shall be completed
before any portland cement concrete pavement is placed. A set of three cylinders or four beams will be
molded by both the Contractor and the Department's project testers from a split sample. The specimens will
be sampled, molded and cured for seven days and tested for compressive or flexural strength according to
the procedures of Section 106. The Department's Independent Assurance Tester will also mold, cure and
test a set of three cylinders or four beams, but the Independent Assurance Test results will not be entered in
the check testing analysis. If the results of the check tests do not meet the following criteria, then the check
testing will be repeated until the following criteria are met:
(1) The average of the Contractor's test results and the average of the Department's test results shall be
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

within 10 percent of the average of all test results.

(2) Each specimen test result shall be within 15 percent of the average of all test results.
When compressive strength criteria is indicated, a check test must also be conducted on the sand equivalent
test. A set of 5 sand equivalents will be run by both the Contractor's and the Department's project tester, from
a split sample. The average of the absolute differences between tests taken by the quality control personnel
and the acceptance testing personnel will be compared to the acceptable limits shown in Table 13-1 of CP 13.
The CTP will be continued until the acceptance and quality control test results are within the permissible
ranges shown in Table 13-1 of CP 13.
During production, split samples of randomly selected acceptance tests will be compared to the permissible
ranges shown in Table 13-1 of CP 13. The minimum frequency will be as shown in Table 106-3.
If production has been suspended and then resumed, the Engineer may order a CTP between tests taken by
quality control and acceptance testing persons to assure the test results are within the permissible ranges
shown in Table 13-1 of CP 13. Check test results shall not be included in quality control testing. The Region
Materials Engineer shall be called upon to resolve differences if a CTP shows unresolved differences beyond
the ranges shown in Table 13-1 of CP 13.
(e) Independent Assurance Testing. The sample for the IAT will be a split sample of the Contractor's quality
control test. The Department's representative performing verification tests shall also use a split sample of the
Contractor's quality control test and participate in the IAT. The IAT for flexural strength will be the average
flexural strength of four test beams prepared according to the requirements of Section 106 and cured for
seven days in the field before being transferred to the IAT lab. IAT specimens will be tested at 28 days.
(f) Testing Schedule. All samples used to determine Incentive or Disincentive payment by quality level formulas
in accordance with Section 105, will be selected by a stratified random process.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Table 106-2
QC TESTING SCHEDULE - ITEM 412
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
PAVEMENT, FLEXURAL STRENGTH CRITERIA
Minimum Testing Frequency
Element
Contractor's Quality Control
Aggregate Gradation For the first five days, minimum of 1/day, then
and Sand Equivalent 1/10,000 sq. yds. After 5 days, 1/40,000 sq. yds.
Slump First three loads each day, then as needed for control.
Water Cement Ratio First three loads each day, then 1/500 cu. yds.
Air Content and Yield Minimum of 1/day, then 1/2,500 sq. yds.
Flexural Strength Minimum of 1/day, then 1/2,500 sq. yds.
Compressive Strength 1/10,000 sq. yds.
Pavement Thickness In accordance with subsection 412.21.
Minimum of six transverse and six longitudinal joint
Pull Test Joints locations for the 1st 2500 linear feet, then three
transverse and three longitudinal joints thereafter
Load Transfer Dowel
In accordance with subsection 412.13 (b) 2
Bar Placement
1 per 528 linear feet in each lane and shoulder wider
Texture Depth
than 8 feet.

Table 106-3
QC TESTING SCHEDULE - ITEM 412
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
PAVEMENT, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CRITERIA
Minimum Testing Frequency
Element
Contractor's Quality Control
Aggregate Gradation Minimum of 1/day, then 1/10,000 sq. yds.
Slump First three loads each day, then as needed for control.
Compressive Strength,
Air Content, Yield, and Minimum of 1/day, then 1/2,500 sq. yds.
Sand Equivalent
Pavement Thickness In accordance with subsection 412.21.
Minimum of six transverse and six longitudinal joint
Pull Test Joints locations for the 1st 2500 linear feet, then three
transverse and three longitudinal joints thereafter
Load Transfer Dowel
In accordance with subsection 412.13 (b) 2
Bar Placement
1 per 528 linear feet in each lane and shoulder wider
Texture Depth
than 8 feet.
Water Cement Ratio First three loads each day, then 1/500 cu. yds.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Subsection 412.10 shall include the following:

The Contractor shall provide a MIT-Scan-2 which is manufactured by MIT GmbH.

The Contractor shall ensure the MIT-Scan-2 is calibrated for the specific dowel bar size or load transfer device
being placed, and is operating within the manufacturer’s tolerances. The Contractor shall also ensure that the
operator of the MIT-Scan-2 is fully competent in the use of the device. The Contractor shall supply the serial
number of the device to be utilized on the project.

In subsection, 412.13 (a) 3rd paragraph, delete the first sentence and replace with the following:

Holes with a diameter 1/4 inch greater than the bar diameter shall be drilled laterally into the hardened concrete
slabs at one half the slab depth, 36 inches on center, 15 to 16 inches deep.

In subsection 412.13 (a), delete the 5th paragraph and replace with the following:

When tie bars are placed in plastic state concrete or drilled and epoxied into a construction joint, and if required
by the Engineer, the Contractor shall demonstrate by testing at least 15 of the tie bars that the bar pullout
resistance is at least 11,250 pounds with slippage of 1/16 inch or less. If two or more tie bars do not meet the
required pullout resistance, then another 15 tie bars shall be tested. If any of the second 15 do not meet the
required pullout resistance, then all remaining tie bars shall be tested. The Contractor shall perform additional
pullout tests and take corrective action when and as directed. All steps taken to test bars, and to correct, repair or
replace failed tie bars and the surrounding failed area shall be at the Contractor’s expense. Concrete strength
shall have a compressive strength of at least 2500 psi before testing. ASTM E488 shall be used for performing
pullout testing..

Delete subsection 412.13 (b) 1 and 412.13 (b) 2 and replace with the following:

1. Longitudinal Weakened Plane Joints. Epoxy coated deformed steel tie bars shall be inserted into the plastic
state concrete after the auger. In the event the tie bars are placed behind the machine paving mold, vibration will
be required during placement. Other methods of bar placement may be acceptable if the Contractor can
demonstrate satisfactory performance of the alternate method. Proposals of alternate methods or additional costs
associated with other methods shall be at the Contractor’s expense. Tie bars shall be placed according to a
method approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall use an MIT Scan-2 to evaluate the location of tie bars
that cannot be visually inspected. Each longitudinal joint located within the dowel bar test locations described in
subsection 412.13 (b) 2 that were not visually inspected shall be evaluated with the MIT Scan-2. The MIT Scan-2
shall be calibrated for the tie bar size placed. The tie bars shall be located within the middle third of the slab, and
a minimum of ½ inch below the saw cut. Tie bars shall have a minimum embedment of 12 inches on each side of
the joint. The weakened plane joint shall be made by sawing in hardened concrete in accordance with the plan
details.

Tie bars that are cut during sawing operations shall be replaced at the contractor’s expense. Tie bars that are
located less than 2 inches above the bottom of the slab shall be replaced at the contractor’s expense. Tie bars
that are not embedded a minimum of 12 inches on each side of the joint shall be replaced. When the spacing
between two in-place tie bars exceeds 40 inches but less than 72 inches, a tie bar will be installed halfway
between the two tie bars, unless this installation location is within 12 inches of a transverse weakened plane joint.
When the spacing between two in-place tie bars exceeds 72 inches, tie bars will be installed at an even spacing
not to exceed 36 inches, but shall not be installed within 12 inches of a transverse weakened plane joint. The
Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a method for replacing the tie bars. The Contractor shall not proceed to
replace the tie bars until the method for replacement has been approved by the Engineer.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

2. Transverse Weakened Plane Joints. When dowel bars are specified in the Contract, they shall be installed
within the tolerances and of the size, grade, and spacing specified. Horizontal support wires or shipping braces
shall be non-deformed bars or wires with a diameter less than or equal to 0.307 inches (gauge 0 wire). The
number of horizontal support wires or shipping braces shall be limited to five per assembly. The horizontal
support wires or shipping braces shall not be cut prior to concrete placement. The center of the dowel assembly
or the insertion location shall be marked on both sides of the pavement slab for reference in sawing the joint.
Dowel bars shall be furnished in a rigid welded assembly or placed by a dowel bar insertion (DBI) machine.

When a DBI is used, the Contractor shall submit details and specifications of the proposed slip-form paver and
DBI to the Engineer a minimum of 14 calendar days prior to the Concrete Pavement Pre-Paving Conference. The
Contractor shall detail his methodology for ensuring correct marking of dowel bar insertion points and correct
sawing of the joints. The Contractor shall ensure that the slip-form paver is compatible with the DBI.

The rigid assembly shall be fabricated from number 1/0 wire or heavier with vertical support wires every 1 foot.
Assembly shall be securely fastened to the subbase and constructed to firmly hold all the dowel bars at T/2 depth,
parallel to each other and to the pavement grade and alignment.

See Standard Plan M-412-1 for schematic describing the measurement of each tolerance.

.A weighted-score system will be used to conduct a joint-by-joint evaluation of rotational misalignments of the
dowel bars. The Joint Score is a measure of the combined effects of rotational misaligned dowel bars at a joint. A
Joint Score is determined by summing the product of the weights (given in Table 412-1) and the number of bars in
each misalignment category and adding 1. For example, if a joint has four misaligned bars in the 0.6 to 0.8 inch
range, the joint score is 9; if a joint has one misaligned bar in the range 0.6 to 0.8 inch and one bar in the 1 to 1.5
inch range, the score is 8. A Joint Score of 10 is the critical level, above which the risk of joint locking is
considered high.

Table 412-1
WEIGHTING FACTORS USED TO DETERMINE JOINT SCORE

Range of Rotational
Weight
Misalignment
< 0.6 in. 0
≥ 0.6 in and < 0.8 in. 2
≥ 0.8 in and < 1 in. 4
≥ 1 in 5

Individual Dowel Bar Rejection Criteria:

Rotational Alignment:
Any bar with a misalignment greater than 1.5 in.
Longitudinal (side) shift:
Any bar that is not embedded at least 6 inches on each side of the joint
Depth:
Any bar within the top 3 inches of the pavement or at a depth less than the saw-cut depth.
Any bar within the bottom 3 inches of the pavement

When rigid assemblies are used to install dowel bars and the bars are rejected for depth, the Contractor may core
the pavement to verify the MIT Scan depth results.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Joint Rejection Criteria:

Any joint with a Joint Score greater than 10. An individual joint may be allowed if the two longitudinally
adjacent joints each have a joint score less than or equal to 10
Any joint that does not have at least three acceptable dowel bars in each wheel path.

Corrective Measures: The following corrective measures will be allowed for the bars or joints that are rejected.

Rotational misalignment.
Saw-cut the misaligned bars. Joints with less than three un-cut bars in each wheel path will require
the addition of dowel bars using an approved dowel bar retrofit method.
Longitudinal (side) Shift and missing bars.
Addition of dowel bars using an approved dowel bar retrofit method.
Depth.
Inadequate cover above the bar—Remove the bar and install a replacement bar using an approved
dowel bar retrofit method.
Inadequate cover below the bar— Addition of dowel bars using an approved dowel bar retrofit
method.

Retrofitted dowel bars shall not exceed the dowel bar rejection criteria.

In addition to the above procedures, the Contractor may propose removal and replacement of the affected slabs.

The Contractor shall submit his method of repair to the Engineer for approval.

The Contractor shall demonstrate his ability to place dowel bars in conformance with the specifications by
placement of a test section.

The test section shall be a minimum of 300 feet in length. Upon completion of the test section, the Contractor
shall shut down paving operations. During the shutdown period, the Contractor shall evaluate all joints in the test
section using the MIT-Scan-2, analyze the results and submit the results to the Engineer. Paving operations shall
not be restarted until the Engineer approves the test section results. The test section will be found acceptable if
85% of the dowel bars placed are found to be within the rejection criteria. All dowel bars exceeding the Rejection
Criteria must be addressed using the above corrective measures. The Contractor may continue paving at his own
risk before the test section evaluation is complete.

If the Project has less than 500 linear feet of pavement, the test section will not be required. If a Project does not
have sections of continuous pavement greater than 45 linear feet, the test section will not be required.

Upon completion of the test section(s) and for each week of production, the Contractor shall prepare an electronic
report generated using MagnoProof software and submit it to the Engineer at the start of each working week
during production for the previous weeks work. All data shall be submitted in the manufacturer’s native file
format, along with the calibration files.

The electronic report shall include the following:

(1) Contract number, date, highway number and direction of traffic.

(2) Joint number, lane number and station.
(3) Bar number and x-location of dowel bar.
(4) Horizontal and vertical misalignment of each bar in inches.
(5) Overall misalignment of each bar in inches of each bar
(6) Side shift of each bar in inches.
(7) Depth to center of each bar in inches.
(8) Joint Score
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

(9) All measurements exceeding the rejection criteria shall be highlighted in red.

Due to potential magnetic interference from tie bars, dowel bars located within 15 inches of a tied joint shall not be
included in the evaluation.

When the test section is found to be unacceptable, the Contractor shall perform corrective actions and place a
second test section. If the second test section is found to be unacceptable, the Contractor shall pave no more
than 500 feet per day until an acceptable test section has been achieved.

Once a test section is successfully completed, Dowel Bar Placement testing frequency shall be a minimum of one
location per 1,250 linear feet of each continuous lane including climbing lanes, passing lanes, acceleration and
deceleration lanes and ramps. Sections greater than 45 linear feet and less than 1,250 linear feet require a
minimum one of test location. . Testing locations shall be determined by a random procedure so that each area
has a randomly selected transverse joint location. At each location, five consecutive joints shall be tested.

Sections of continuous pavement constructed by the project less than 45 linear feet will not require Dowel Bar
Placement Testing.

When any joint score is greater than10 or any one bar in a single joint exceeds the rejection criteria, joints shall be
tested in each direction from the rejected joint, until two consecutive joints in each direction are found to be within
the rejection criteria.

All delays or costs associated with equipment being rejected for use by the Engineer will not be paid for by the
Department, and will be considered a Non-excusable Delay in accordance with subsection 108.08 (c) 2.

When concrete shoulders or widenings are constructed subsequent to the driving lanes, transverse weakened
plane joints shall immediately be formed in the plastic concrete of these widenings to create an extension of the
existing transverse joint. This tooled joint shall be formed in such a manner that it controls the cracking and shall
be sawed and sealed in accordance with the above requirements.
In subsection 412.21, delete the first sentence in the sixth paragraph.
In subsection 601.02, delete Class E and P Concrete from Table 601-1 and replace with the following:

Cementitious
Required Water
Material Air
Field /Cementitious
Concrete Content: Content:
Compressive Material Ratio:
Class Minimum or % Range
Strength Maximum or
Range (Total)
(psi) Range
(lbs/yd3)

4500 at 28
E 520 4–8 0.44
days
4500 at 28
P 520 4–8 0.44
days

In subsection 601.02, delete the sixth and ninth paragraphs and replace with the following:
Class E concrete is used for fast track pavements needing early strength in order to open a pavement to service
soon after placement. Class E concrete shall meet the requirements of Class P concrete. ASTM C150 Type III or
ASTM C1157 Type HE cement may be used. Accelerating admixtures may be used.
Class P concrete is used in pavements. Additional requirements are: The Required Field Flexural Strength shall
be 650 psi when flexural strength acceptance is specified. The laboratory trial mix shall produce a minimum
average 28 day flexural strength 700 psi. Two aggregate gradation options are available:
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

(a) Standard Gradation (SG). The concrete mix shall consist of a minimum 55 percent AASHTO M 43 size
No. 357 or No. 467 coarse aggregate by weight of total aggregate. If all transverse joints are doweled,
the concrete mix shall consist of a minimum 55 percent AASHTO M 43 sizes No. 57, No. 6, No. 67, No.
357, or No. 467 coarse aggregate by weight of total aggregate.

(b) Optimized Gradation (OG). Aggregate proportions must be a result of an optimized combined aggregate
gradation (CAG) developed by an approved mix design technique such as Shilstone or KU Mix. The
amount of aggregate in the CAG passing the 19 mm (¾ inch) sieve and retained on the12.5 mm (½ inch)
sieve shall be a minimum of 8 percent for the trial mix design. The coarseness factor (CF) and workability
factor (WF) must plot within the workability box (ABCD) depicted graphically by the following 4 coordinate
points:
a. Point A> (CF,WF) 72, 31
b. Point B> (CF,WF) 44.5, 35
c. Point C> (CF,WF) 44.5, 43.5
d. Point D> (CF,WF) 72, 40

Figure 601-1

CF = (S / T) x 100
Where:
S = Percent Cumulative Retained on 9.5 mm (3/8 inch) Sieve
T = Percent Cumulative retained on 2.36 mm (No. 8) Sieve

WF is the percent passing the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve. Increase workability factor by 2.5 percentage points
for every 94 pounds per cubic yard of cementitious material used in excess of 564 pounds per cubic yard
in the mix design. Decrease workability factor by 2.5 percentage points for every 94 pounds per cubic
yard of cementitious material used below 564 pounds per cubic yard in the mix design. Do not adjust the
workability factor if the amount of cementitious material is 564 pounds per cubic yard.

Delete Subsection 601.05 (7) and replace with the following:

(7) Class E and P concrete shall include AASHTO T97 (ASTM C78) Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple
Beam with Third-Point Loading). When compressive strength is indicated, at least two specimens will be
tested at 7 days and four specimens at 28 days. When flexural strength is indicated, at least two specimens
will be tested at 3, 7 and 14 days and four specimens at 28 days.

When flexural strength is indicated, the mix design shall include AASHTO T198 (ASTM C496) Splitting
Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. At least two specimens will be tested at 3, 7and 14 and
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

28 days. The splitting tensile strength specimens for each age shall be cast from the same trail batch as the
same age flexural strength specimens. Multiple trial batches may be used. The Engineer will verify the
correlation curve during production by casting and testing Splitting Tensile specimens. If the correlated
flexural strength of the splitting tensile sample is not within 50 psi of the verification beam specimen’s flexural
strength, a new correlation curve shall be required if low flexural strength specimen are to be evaluated.

Subsection 601.05 shall include the following in the second paragraph:

(8) Class P concrete with an OG shall indicate the gradation proportions that results in a combined aggregate
gradation corresponding to compliance within the specified CF and WF box and shall include the
following charts used to perform aggregate gradation analysis:
(i) Coarseness Factor
(ii) Workability Factor
(iii) 0.45 power
(iv) Combined gradation

Delete Subsection 601.06 (10) and (11) and replace with the following:

(10) Weights of fine and coarse aggregates or combined weight when an OG is pre-blended
(11) Moisture of fine and coarse aggregates or combined moisture when an OG is pre-blended

Subsection 601.06 (c) shall include the following:

Aggregates for Class P concrete using an OG, a combination of aggregates (stockpiled separately) shall be
combined prior to the stationary charging drum to meet the approved CAG.

In subsection, 709.03, delete the first paragraph and replace with the following:

709.03 Dowel Bars and Tie Bars. Tie bars for longitudinal and transverse joints shall conform to AASHTO M 284
and shall be grade 60, epoxy-coated, and deformed. Bar size shall be as designated on the Standard Plan M-
412-1.
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Colorado Procedure 65-15a

Standard Practice for

EVALUATING LOW CONCRETE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS OF CONCRETE CYLINDERS

1. SCOPE strength concrete for comparison against

approved mix design.
1.1 Field test procedures and strength test
results for standard molded and cured cylinders 2.1.3 Batch tickets will be checked to
and beams shall be evaluated separately for each determine job site water addition.
class of concrete. Such evaluation shall be
conducted to determine if tests have been 2.1.4 Evaluation of the concrete in question will
conducted in accordance with the ASTM, be made based on Subsections 2.1.1, 2.1.2 and
AASHTO and/or approved CDOT procedures 2.1.3.
and specifications.

1.1.1 The evaluation process will include 3. Section Deleted

investigation to ensure that proper procedures
were followed in the following areas:
4. CORING
-Molding
-Curing methods and temperatures 4.1 This procedure describes the method used to
-Initial curing period obtain and evaluate cores from in-place concrete.
-Laboratory curing period This will be performed in accordance with the
-Testing procedure latest revision of AASHTO T 24 (ASTM C 42),
-Personnel qualifications with the exception that immediately after removal
from the structure, cores will be cured at a
NOTE: Contact the Central Laboratory at (303) temperature between 60o - 80oF (15o - 27oC) and
398-6543 at least 48 hours before coring so at a relative humidity below 60% for the first 24
that additional instruction can be given. hours.

1.2 This practice is comprised of two methods. 4.2 Cores taken for the determination of strength
Method A for evaluation of low concrete shall be of a standard size and within appropriate
compressive strength and Method B for the tolerance.
evaluation of low concrete flexural strength.
NOTE 1 Bits cut approximately 1/4" smaller
than nominal OD (outside diameter). The 4 1/4"
2. EVALUATION and 6 1/4" OD bits produce 4" and 6".

2.1 Should cylinders or beams fall below the

specified strength, a field investigation will be 5. APPARATUS
conducted as follows:
5.1 The apparatus shall be as described in
2.1.1 If test procedures outlined in Subsection AASHTO T 24 (ASTM C 42).
1.1 were not followed, results will be considered
to be invalid and the tests shall be discarded. If
cores are required, they will be at the expense of Method A Compressive Strength
CDOT to replace acceptance cylinders and at the
expense of the Contractor to replace QC beams. 6. PROCEDURE

2.1.2 The concrete supplier will furnish 6.1 Within 45 days after placement, cores with a
concrete batch tickets of the suspected low diameter at least 3 times the nominal maximum
size of the coarse aggregate used in the concrete
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL
BARS AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

shall be obtained in accordance with AASHTO T Test Evaluation:

24 (ASTM C 42). The cores shall be conditioned
in accordance with Subsection 4.1. The cores will f 'c = 3000 psi
then be tested for compressive strength between
24 and 48 hours after removal. Average compressive strength of 3 cores - 2730
psi
6.2 At least 3 representative cores shall be taken
from the concrete represented by each out- of- Do any compressive strengths differ from the
specification cylinder set. average by more than 10%?

6.3 Coring location shall be in locations directed 10% of Average compressive strength = 273 psi
by the Engineer. .
Core 1: 2900 - 2730 = 170 psi, < 273 therefore
6.4 Core holes shall be filled with low slump OK
concrete or mortar.
Core 2: 2850 - 2730 = 120 psi, < 273 therefore
6.5 If the compressive strength of any one core OK
differs from the average by more than 10% that
core will be discarded and the average will be Core 3: 2730 - 2450 = 280 psi, > 273 therefore -
determined using the compressive strengths of discard core and re-compute average
the remaining two cores. If more than one core’s compressive strength using two
compressive strength differs from the average by remaining cores.
more than 10%, the average will be determined
using all three cores. New average compressive strength = 2875 psi

6.6 Pay factors for strength of structural concrete Use Table 601-3 to compute appropriate price
shall be according to Table 601-3 of the CDOT reduction based on 2875 psi, since core strengths
Standard Specifications, and will be used to price were higher than the cylinders strengths.
reduce the cores or standard test cylinders,
whichever are higher in strength. Pay factors for
concrete pavement will be evaluated according to
subsection 105.06 of the CDOT Standard
Specifications.

6.7 The following examples are for structural

concrete in accordance with Subsection 601.17
of the CDOT Standard Specifications:

Example 1:

Given: f 'c = 3000 psi

Concrete test cylinders averaged 2800 psi.

PSI
Core 1 2900
Core 2 2850
Core 3 2450

Average compressive strength of 3 cores = 2730

psi.

Find: Is the concrete in the structure adequate

under CDOT specifications?

Solution:
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL
BARS AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Example 2:
Price Reduction of Concrete

In this example calculation, a certain project has a pay item for 720 cubic yards of Concrete Class
D (bridge). The contractor bid $700 per cubic yards. To cover this quantity 8 sets of cylinders were
molded and tested for compressive strength at 28 days. Some of the test results showed the concrete
had less than the required 28-day compressive strength of 4500 psi. The project engineer has used all
eight sets of cylinders to calculate the appropriate price reduction.

Average
Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder
Test Strength Strength Strength Strength
Number psi psi psi Psi
1 4510 4270 4580 4450
2 6200 6100 6250 6180
3 3800 4310 3840 3980
4 4210 4380 4060 4220
5 4040 3830 3790 3890
6 4130 4020 3930 4030
7 4710 4670 4790 4720
8 4960 5160 5200 5110

TABLE 65-1

The average strength of three 28-day cylinders is used to determine the acceptability of concrete placed
in a structure. The break results of test numbers 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 are below the required 28-day strength of
4500 psi for bridge decks. According to Section 601.17(c) of the CDOT Standard Specification for Road
and Bridge Construction “The concrete will be considered acceptable when the running average of three
consecutive strength tests is equal to or greater than the specified strength and no single test falls below
the specified strength by more than 3.5 MPa (500 psi).”

Average Average
Cylinder of Three Strength
Test Strength Consecutive Below fc'
Number psi Tests (psi) psi
1 4450 --- ---
2 6180 --- ---
3 3980 4870 520
4 4220 4793 280
5 3890 4030 610
6 4030 4047 470
7 4720 4213 ---
8 5110 4620 ---

TABLE 65-2

The table above shows that the running average of three consecutive tests fall below the required
strength of 4500 psi, and the concrete placed will be price reduced according to the pay factors in Table
601-3 in Subsection 601.17. Test numbers 3, 4, 5, & 6 are represented in the low consecutive averages
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL
BARS AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

and will be price reduced. Test number 1 is considered acceptable and will not be price reduced because
its running average with the next two tests is greater than the required strength, and it is not more than 500
psi below the required strength.

To price reduce the low strength results you need to know the bid price for the concrete, and the quantity
represented by each test. As stated above, the concrete was bid at $700.00 per cubic yard. The contractor
placed 720 cubic yards of Concrete Class D (bridge). The 720 cubic yards are represented by 8 sets of
cylinders. Therefore, on this project the Engineer determined that each test represents 90 cubic yards.
This is only an example and the quantity represented per test shall be determined by the Project Engineer.
The formula for price reduction is:

PR  P  ( 1  PF )  CY
Where:
PR = Price Reduction,
P = Bid Price of Concrete,
PF = Pay Factor from Table 601-3 of Subsection 601.17,
CY = Cubic Yards represented by the test.

Average Pay
Average of Three Strength Factor
Test Strength Consecutive Below fc' Table Price
Number Psi Tests (psi) psi 601-2E Reduction
1 4450 --- --- --- ---
2 6180 --- --- --- ---
3 3980 4870 520 0.65 $22,050.00
4 4220 4793 280 0.92 $ 5,040.00
5 3890 4030 610 0.54 $28,980.00
6 4030 4047 470 0.75 $15,750.00
7 4720 4213 --- --- ---
8 5110 4620 --- --- ---
Total Price Reduction $71,820.00

TABLE 65-3

The Contractor has the option to obtain cores from the areas represented by tests 3, 4, 5 & 6 before
the concrete is 45 days old. Coring will be in accordance to CP 65. In this case the contractor elected to
obtain cores from the bridge deck. The following is a summary of the core break results:

Average
Core Core Core Core
Test Strength Strength Strength Strength
Area psi psi psi psi
3 4230 4010 4100 4110
4 4630 4570 4510 4570
5 3690 3740 3700 3710
6 4270 4510 4400 4390

TABLE 65-4
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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL
BARS AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

The core strength results will replace the cylinder strength results if the core strengths are higher. In
this case, cores from areas 3, 4 & 6 will replace the cylinder strength results for tests 3, 4 & 6. The following
table shows the new price reductions:

Average Average Pay

Cylinder Core Strength Factor
Test Strength Strength Below fc' Table Price
Number psi psi psi 601-2E Reduction
1 4450 --- --- --- ---
2 6180 --- --- --- ---
3 3980 4110 390 0.84 $ 10,080.00
4 4220 4570 --- --- ---
5 3890 3710 610 0.54 $28,980.00
6 4030 4390 110 0.96 $ 2,520.00
7 4720 --- --- --- ---
8 5110 --- --- --- ---
Total Adjusted Price Reduction $41,580.00

TABLE 65-5
 March 23, 2017

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REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL
BARS AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Method B Flexural Strength

7. PROCEDURE

7.1 Within 45 days after placement, cores of the

same size as the splitting tensile cylinders used
in the trial mix shall be obtained in accordance
with AASHTO T 24 (ASTM C 42). The cores shall
be conditioned in accordance with Subsection
4.1. The cores will then be tested for splitting
tensile strength between 24 and 48 hours after
removal.

7.2 At least 3 representative cores shall be taken

from a single slab represented by each low
flexural strength. A core containing rebar or
dowel bars shall be discarded and a new core
shall be taken.

7.3 Coring location shall be in locations directed

by the Engineer. .

7.4 Core holes shall be filled with low slump

concrete or mortar.

7.5 If the splitting tensile strength of any one core

differs from the average by more than 10% that
core will be discarded and the average will be
determined using the splitting tensile of the
remaining two cores. If more than one core’s
splitting tensile strength differs from the average
by more than 10%, the average will be
determined using all three cores.

7.6 The flexural strength of the concrete will be

determined by using a correlation of the
concrete’s flexural strength to its splitting tensile
strength.

7.6.1 Using the flexural strength and splitting

tensile strengths from the concrete’s trial mix, for
each age, plot the flexural strength on one axis
and the splitting tensile strength on the second
axis. Determine a linear equation relating the two
strengths.

7.6.2 Using the average splitting tensile

strength from a set of cores, and the equation in
section 7.6.1, determine the corresponding
flexural strength.

7.7 Pay factors for concrete pavement will be

evaluated according to subsection 105.06 of the
CDOT Standard Specifications.
 23
REVISION OF SECTIONS 105, 106, 412, 601 AND 709
CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND DOWEL BARS
AND TIE BARS FOR JOINTS

Example 3:

The following example shows a plot of flexural strength and splitting tensile strength.

Average
Splitting
Tensile
Average
Strength (psi)
Flexural
Strength
Age (psi)
3 545 480
7 580 505
14 635 560
28 720 650