SUPER SCHOOL

Abstract:
The success of any organization such as School of Public Health, University of Ghana
hinges its ability to acquire accurate and timely data about its operations, to manage this
data effectively, and to use it to analyze and guide its activities.

Integrated student database system offer users (Student, Registrar, HOD) with a
unified view of data from multiple sources.

To provide a single consistent result for every object represented in these data
sources, data fusion is concerned with resolving data inconsistency present in the
heterogeneous sources of data.

The main objective of this project is to build a rigid and robust integrated student
database system that will track and store records of students. This easy-to-use, integrated
database application is geared towards reducing time spent on administrative tasks.

The system is intended to accept process and generate report accurately and any
user can access the system at any point in time provided internet facility is available.

The system is also intended to provide better services to users, provide meaningful,
consistent, and timely data and information and finally promotes efficiency by converting
paper processes to electronic form.

The system was developed using technologies such as PHP, HTML, CSS and MySQL.
PHP, HTML and CSS are used to build the user interface and database was built using
MySQL. The system is free of errors and very efficient and less time consuming due to the
care taken to develop it.

All the phases of software development cycle are employed and it is worthwhile to
state that the system is very

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1. Introduction
The registrar of the School of Public Health, University of Ghana is responsible for
handling student information and gathering them during enrolment. This information
includes each student’s background information, student medical history, courses taken
student attendance at lectures grades, performance record, and other information needed
by the school.

Today, the success of School of Public Health, University of Ghana depends on its
ability to acquire accurate and timely data about its operations, to manage this data
effectively, and to use it to analyze and guide its activities.

Phrases such as the information superhighway have become ubiquitous, and

information/data processing is a rapidly growing multibillion dollar industry. Several forms
and reports are used in day to day processing of results.

A database can integrate these several components hence resulting in improved and
more efficient operations (Greenwald et al., 2005; Connolly and Begg, 2004).

Student Database System deals with all kind of student details, academic related reports,
college details, course details, curriculum, batch details and other resource related details
too.

It tracks all the details of a student from the day one to the end of his course which can
be used for all reporting purpose, tracking of attendance, progress in the course, completed
semesters years, coming semester year curriculum details, exam details, project or any
other assignment details, final exam result; and all these will be available for future
references too.

 Problem Statement
 Project Objective
 Purpose of Project
 scope

 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Information plays a vital role in the development and growth of every
organization. Currently, the various departments manage student information
independently in their own ways. There are no common, standardized process and program
for capturing, processing and storing student’s information.

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This has kept student information disintegrated in different departments and

information provided to the various departments by the students is characterized with
discrepancies. The various departments have systems in place to store and process student
data but the systems are not able to talk to each other (Interoperability).

This makes it difficult for the registrar to collate information of students across
departments. For instance, if the registrar wants information about students with respect to
their academic performance urgently, he must go to all the departments and collect the
required data.

This situation is very frustrating and impedes smooth operations and decision making
process. One of the policies of School of Public Health, for that matter University of Ghana is
the fact that students must not fail in three or more courses.

A past student who needs a transcript will have to travel all the way to the school before
he could access it because the current system is so weak to the extent that it is unable to
provide this document online.

The problems facing the current manual system are data redundancy, difficult to update
and maintain, inconsistent data, insecurity, difficult to impose constraints on various data
file and difficult to backup. It is against this backdrop that automated Student Database
System is being developed to address the problems catalogued above.

 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to develop a robust Student Database Management System
for School of Public Health. Specific Objectives

 To identify the problems involved in the implementation of the current student

information
 system;
 To develop a database system that allows the registrar to list and update students
information;
 To develop a system that permits authorized student to view their result online;
 To develop the prototype of an integrated Student Database System that can be
implemented.

 PURPOSE OF PROJECT

The proposed system is intended to make life easy. The main purpose of the
project is to build an integrated student database system to facilitate easy access
of records of students across departments.

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The Student Database System will allow the registrar of School of Public
Health, Leg on to edit, update and list personal and academic details of students.
It will also enhance efficient management of student’s information.

The proposed system is also intended to allow students to view their results
on line. This will go a long way to help students decide on what courses to
register.

 SCOPE

The proposed system is intended to manage specific information of

students such as personal details, course details and exam details etc. It is
not Student Information Management System which has a broader
application.

The system should be able to capture, validate, sort, classify, calculate,

summarize, store, retrieve, reproduce and communicate operational data.

Student Database System will store semester details, course details,

department details and all the details of students including their background
information, educational qualifications and personal details etc.
The proposed system will have the following features:

 Login module: Login module will help in authentication of user accounts.

Users who have valid login id and password can only login into their
respective accounts;
 Search module: This model allows one to search for a particular student
or group of students using search criteria such as name of student, Index
number, course code etc..
 Registration Module and Account Management: This module will help
the student get registered from anywhere if internet is present .This
module will really simplify the task of the manual registration. Also after
successful registration the user can update information and change their
password as and when required;
 User Management: This module will help the registrar in
enabling/disabling a user account and updating user information as
required.

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2. Literature Review

A project on Student Information Management system which was carried out

by , Higher authority an IT student of Institute of Engineering a maintenance of
student information.

It can be used by any educational institute or colleges to maintain records of

students easily. Achieving this objectives is difficult using a manual system as the
information is scattered, can be redundant and collecting relevant information
can be very time consuming.

All these problems are solved using this project. Throughout the project the
focus has been on presenting information in an easy and intelligible manner.

The project is very useful for those who want to know about Student
Information Management Systems and want to develop software/websites
based on the same concept.

The project provides facilities like on line registration and profile creation of
student thus reducing paper work and automating the records generation
process in an educational institution.

The goal of this chapter is to explain the theory of database management

system development which will be applied in the development of student
database management system for school of public health, University of Ghana.

The following issues will be presented respectively.

1. Integrated information system

2. Database and DBMS
3. Student records/data management
4. Web technology
5. Conclusion

This will give an insight into the project area and help to get information
that will enhance the development of the student database management
system.

2.1. Integrated Information System

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Integrated Information Systems offer users with a unified view of

heterogeneous data sources. To provide a single consistent result for every
object represented in these data sources, data fusion is concerned with resolving
data inconsistencies present in the sources.

Querying the heterogeneous data sources, combining the results, and

presenting them to the user is performed by the integration system. When
multiple sources are to be integrated into a single and consistent view, at least
the following three steps need to be performed:

 One needs to identify corresponding attributes that are used to

describe the information items in the source. The result of this step is a
schema mapping that is used to transform the data present in the sources
into a common representation;
 The different objects that are described in the data sources need to be
identified and aligned. In this way, using duplicate detection techniques,
multiple, possibly inconsistent representations of some real world objects
are found;
 As a last step, the duplicate representations need to be combined and
fused together into a single representation while inconsistencies in the
data need to be resolved;

There are two main kinds of inconsistencies in data integration:

 First, there are schematic inconsistencies between and Technology,

Maharishi provides a simple interface for sources, tables not having the
same attributes, attributes meaning the same concept but having a
different name, or stored data in a different structure and;
 Conflicts is another kind of data inconsistency

There are two types of conflicts in data integration;

Uncertainties and contradictions…

Uncertainty is a conflict between a non-null value and one or more null
values that are used to describe the same property of an object.
Usually it occurs as a result of missing information. Null values present in
tables can have different meanings.
Three interpretations of null values can be distinguished as follows:

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1. Value unknown: The value exist but whoever entered the data did not know it
2. Value inapplicable: The corresponding property is not applicable for the object
represented by this tuple.
3. Value withheld: The data exist but we are not allow to see it.

The other type of conflicts is contradiction. It is the conflict between two or

more different non-null values that are used to describe the same property of an
object. An example is the case if two or more data sources provide two or more
different values for the same attribute on the same object.

One good reason for regarding uncertainty as a special case of conflict is the
fact that it is easier to deal with uncertainty than contradiction. Several forms
and reports are used in day to day processing of documents.

2.2. Database and Database Management System

A database is an integrated collection of data, usually so large that it has to

be stored on secondary storage devices such as disks or tapes. This data can be
maintained as a collection of operating system files, or stored in a DBMS
(database management system).

A Database Management System (DBMS) is computer software designed for

the purpose of managing databases based on a variety of data models.
A DBMS is a complex set of software programs that controls the organization,
storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database.

DBMS are categorized according to their data structures or types, sometime

DBMS is also known as Database Manager.

It is a set of prewritten programs that are used to store, update and retrieve
a Database (Gerald C. , 2009) When a DBMS is used, information systems can be
changed much more easily as the organization's information requirements
change.

New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to

the existing system. Organizations may use one kind of DBMS for daily
transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that
uses another

DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis.

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Database servers are specially designed computers that hold the actual
databases and run only the DBMS and related software.

Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with RAID disk arrays
used for stable storage. Connected to one or more servers via a high speed
channel, hardware database accelerators are also used in large volume
transaction processing environments.

Advantages of DBMS
 Improved strategic use of corporate data
 Reduced complexity of the organization’s information systems
environment
 Reduced data redundancy and inconsistency
 Enhanced data integrity
 Application-data independence
 Improved security
 Reduced application development and maintenance costs
 Improved flexibility of information systems
 Increased access and availability of data and information
 Logical & Physical data independence
 Concurrent access anomalies.
 Facilitate atomicity problem.
 Provides central control on the system through DBA.

2.3. Student Records/Data Management

According to student records manual prepared by University of South Florida

(office of the registrar) the creation and maintenance of records relating to the
students of an institution are essential to:
Managing the relationship between the institution and the student;
Providing support and other services and facilities to the student;

Controlling the student’s academic progress and measuring their

achievement, both at the institution and subsequently; Providing support to the
student after they leave the institution.

In addition, student records contain data which the institution can aggregate
and analyze to inform future strategy, planning and service provision.

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A student is an individual who is registered for a university credit course or

program.
A student record/data contains information directly related to a student,
which means that the record is personally identifiable. Personal identifiers that
relate a record to a student include student name, student ID, student address,
parent/family member names, and a list of personal characteristics.

Student records could be maintained in multiple media including

handwriting, print, microfilm/fiche, computer’s main memory, magnetic tape,
cassette, disk or diskette. Student records/data may be presented by the
student, submitted on behalf of the student, or created by the University.

These records are used to assist offices in their support of basic institutional
objectives and to document student progress and achievement in the
educational process of the University.

Educational institutions and agencies are required to conform to fair

information practices. This means that persons who are subjects of data systems
(i.e., students at an institution) must be informed of the existence of such
systems have identified for them what data about them are on record, be give
assurances that such data are used only for intended purposes be given the
opportunity to request.
An amendment or correction to their record and be certain that those
responsible for data systems take reasonable precautions to prevent misuse of
the data.

2.4. Web Technology

The web is a hypermedia-based system that provides a means of browsing

information on the Internet in a non-sequential way using hyperlinks. The web is
a compelling the platform for the delivery and dissemination of data-centric,
interactive applications.

The web’s ubiquity provides global application availability to both users and
organizations. Because the architecture of the web has been designed to be
platform-independent, it has the potential to significantly lower deployment and
training cost.

Organizations are now rapidly building new database applications or

reengineering existing ones to take full advantage of the web as a strategic

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platform for implementing innovative business solutions, in effect becoming

web-centric organization.

The World Wide Web (web for short) provides a simple point and click
means of exploring the immense volume of pages of information residing on the
Internet. Information on the web is presented on the web pages which appear as
a collection of text, graphic, pictures, sound and video.

2.5. Conclusion

Finally, since the data generated in day to day transactions by School of

Public Health increase geometrically according to the registrar, it is worthwhile
and holistic to develop robust student database management system for the
school to hold the large amount of data that is generated.
The proposed system, SDMS, should be able to stand the test of time
because student records should be kept as long as is necessary to:

 Full fill and discharge the contractual obligations established between

the institution and the student, including the completion of any non-
academic disciplinary action;
 Provides information on the academic career and achievements of
the student to employers, licensing/regulatory bodies and other
organizations, as well as to the student as part of their lifelong learning
record.

The information gathered whilst reviewing existing literature on student

information management system has been very useful in the development of
the proposed system.

The project when completed will provide an efficient way to store and
organize data than spread sheet. It will also serve as a centralized facility that can
easily be modified and quickly shared among multiple users.

The proposed system will have a well-designed interface that allows users to
interact with the system via internet connection and a web browser.

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3.Methodology

This Chapter gives a brief description of the methodology used to develop

the proposed system. The main methodology involves feasibility study, data
collection, system analysis and design, developing and implementing Student
Database Management System.
The data considered necessary to build the system were collected and
analyzed. The methodology is very important to ensure that the new system
would give benefits to the school.

3.1. Data Collection

The required data including department details, course details, student

personal details, semester details, exam details etc. were collected. The data
collected would help identify attributes, relationships, classes, entities/objects
that describe, relate and interact with the system.

The data collection tools and techniques that were used are as follows:

3.1.1 Interview

Interview is a powerful tool for data gathering since it allows the interviewer
to probe and clarify a number of issues.
Face to face interview was used to interact with the registrar and the users
of the proposed system to obtain the data required for the database
management system.

3.1.2. Analysis of Current Student Information System

Purposes of the current Student Information System Analysis are:

 To identify problems inhibiting the current student information system

 To know how data is being managed
 To examine the methods used in current student information system
 To know the data flow in the system the current student information
system was studied to get some useful information for developing an
effectual Student Database System.

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Currently, the various departments manage student information

independently in their own ways. There are inadequate common, standardized
process and program for capturing, processing and storing student’s information.

This has kept student information fragmented in different departments and

information provided to the various departments by the students is
characterized by discrepancies.

The various departments have systems in place to store and process

student data but the systems are not able to talk to each other (Interoperable).
This makes it difficult for the registrar to collate information of students across
departments.

On the other hand, students are unable to view their result online for them
to know whether they are continuing the program and also to know the courses
they can register for the next semester.

3.2. Proposed System will Consist of the Following Modules

3.2.1. Security
The Student database management system will ensure that the data are
secured by assigning a unique password and username. The registrar and student
of school of public health will be allowed to access the system.

The administrator account can be accessed by the registrar and student

account can be accessed by the student using their registration number. The
respective student database management system will be encoded by the system
administrator.

In case the user forgot their password, the system offers a forgot password
module in which the user can select this menu and answer the secret question or
code that the user only knows.

A log component that chronicles information about users who login and
logout will be provided.

3.2.2. Registration and Verification

This module allows users to enter the required information including
username, password, first name, last name, address, birth date and position. This
will serve as the personal record of the users.

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The system will verify this information first before the authorized users can
enter the system. Duplication of users in the system will completely be
eliminated due to a very rigid verification method.

3.3. Functions of the Proposed System

Three different user categories will be allowed access to the system

1. register who can view and edit the details of any students

2. head of department who can add courses, departments and exams details as
well as edit and delete details

3 .students who can view and modify their details . The proposed system will
provide the following features to the registrer:

 The registrar can login into the system and execute any of the available
tasks;

 Can enable/disable student; Can edit student information in the

database;

 Can make search for a specific student;

 Can access all the details of the student.

The features that are available to the student are: Student can login
into the system and can perform any of the available options.

 Can view his/her personal details.

 Can edit his/her personal details

 Can upload his/her project topics.

 Can upload his/her image.

3.4. Specific Requirement

Use-Cases are a scenario based technique in the Unified Modelling Language

which identify the actors in an interaction and which describe the interaction

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itself. Use cases were used to describe all possible interactions of the entities
with the system.

Organizing Student Records Flow of Event The registrar is mandated to

manage student records

Use Case: Login in to the SDMS

Summary: This use case is used when the registrar wants to access the SDMS
to add/update the personal details of the student.

Actors: Registrar
Pre-condition: Registrar’s account must be active on the system

Main Flow:
MF-001: The system displays the login page and prompts the registrar for the
Login Id and Password

MF-002: The registrar provides values for the Login Id and password fields.

MF-003: The registrar hits the submit button

MF-004: The system verifies (authenticates) the password and sets the registrar’s
authorization. (AF-1.1, AF-1.2)

MF-005: The Administrator is given access to the SDMS to perform his tasks.

ALTERNATE FLOW 1.1 (AF-1.1):

AF-1.1.1: The registrar enters invalid Login Id and password then he will not be
allowed to enter the system

AF-1.1.2: Go to MF-002

ALTERNATE FLOW 1.2 (AF-1.2):

AF- 1.2.1: The system fails to authenticate user after a default of 2 continuous
unsuccessful attempts

ALTERNATE FLOW 1.3 (AF-1.3):

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AF- 1.3.1: The system fails to authenticate user after a default of 3 continuous
unsuccessful attempts

AF-1.3.2: The system deactivates user account

AF-1.3.3: System notifies the user of account deactivation via a system prompt

AF-1.3.4: The user acknowledges system prompt by clicking OK button

Post-Condition: The registrar login successfully

Use Case Report- Register student on SDMS

Use-case: Login into the SDMS

Goal: Gain access to the website

Summary: This use case is used when the student wants to access the web site

Preconditions: The registrar must enable the particular student onto the
website in order for this use case to begin.

Main Flow:
MF-001: The system displays the login page and prompts the student for the
Login_Id and Password.

MF-002: The student provides values for the Login_Id and password fields.

MF-003: The student hits the submit button

MF-004: The system verifies (authenticates) the password and sets the student’s
authorization. (AF-1.1, AF-1.2)

MF-005: The student is given access to the SDMS to perform his tasks.

ALTERNATE FLOW 1.1 (AF-1.1):

AF-1.1.1: The student enters invalid Login Id and password then he will not be
allowed to enter the system

AF-1.1.2: Go to MF-002

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ALTERNATE FLOW 1.2 (AF-1.2):

AF- 1.2.1: The system fails to authenticate user after a default of 2 continuous
unsuccessful attempts

AF-1.2.2: The system triggers image verification for any further login attempts

AF-1.2.2: Go to MF-002

ALTERNATE FLOW 1.3 (AF-1.3):

AF- 1.3.1: The system fails to authenticate user after a default of 3 continuous
unsuccessful attempts

AF-1.3.2: The system deactivates user account

AF-1.3.3: System notifies the user of account deactivation via a system prompt

AF-1.3.4: The user acknowledges system prompt by clicking OK button Post-

Condition: The student login successfully

3.5. Non-Functional Requirement

3.5.1. Safety Requirement

Operating system failure or virus can cause the database to crash at any
point in time. Database backup is very important.

3.5.2. Security Requirement

Secured database system was developed. There are three categories of
users namely registrar, faculty and student who would view either all or some
specific information from the database. Depending upon the category of user the
access rights are decided. This means that if the user is a registrar then he can be
able to modify the data, append etc. Other users can only retrieve information.

3.5.3 Performance Requirement

The proposed system would serve as the main performance system which will
go a long way to help School of Public Health manage and maintain the database
of student. All specified requirements are expected to be met by the proposed
database.

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3.6. System Design

The purpose of the system design phase was to develop a clear blueprint that
would satisfy all documented requirement for the system.

The overall system design objective was to provide an efficient, modular

design that will reduce the system’s complexity, facilitate change and result in an
easy

This blueprint provided interface design models that are consistent, user
friendly and will provide straightforward transition through the various system
functions.

3.6.1. System Architectural Design

Student database
Management system

Registration Maintaining Student View student

Of student Details Details

Fig: Architecture datagram

The SDS is system which has major components such as student detail, department
detail and course detail. One of the available options is selected as an input to the system.

The system acts and the rest of the functions are perform respectively based on the
input by the user.

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The registrar has automatic access right to manage and maintain student detail. The
student can only view their details.

3.6.2. Data Design

Entity Relationship Diagram

 function design
 Description Dataflow Diagram

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fig :dataflow diagram

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3.7 Technology Overview

The technology selected for implementing Student Database System is PHP/MYSQL.
Apache is used as the HTTP server.

client-side graphical user interface (GUI) applications. PHP can be deployed on many web
servers and operating systems, and can be used with many relational database management
systems (RDBMS). It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete
source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

3.7.1. PHP
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web
development where PHP generally runs on server. PHP code is embedded into HTML source
document.

Any PHP code is a requested file executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create
dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line scripting and

3.7.2. MySQL
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server
providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is a popular choice of
database for use in web applications and is an open source product.

The process of setting up a MySQL database varies from host to host, however we will
end up with a database name, a user name and a password. Before using the database, a
table must be created. A table is a section of the database for storing related information.

In a table, different fields must be set up which will be used in the table. Table creation in
php My Admin is not difficult. SQL statement can also be executed to create databases and
tables.

3.7.3. Apache
the Apache HTTP Server is web server software notable for playing a key role in the initial
growth of the World Wide Web. In 2009 it became the first web server software to surpass
the 100 million web site milestone.

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Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the

auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. Since April 1996 Apache has been the most
popular HTTP server software in use.

As of November 2010 Apache served over 59.36% of all websites and over 66.56% of the
first one million busiest websites.

3.7.4. XAMPP
XAMPP is a small and light Apache distribution containing the most common web
development technologies in a single package.

Its contents, small size, and portability make it the ideal tool for students developing and
testing applications in PHP and MySQL.

XAMPP is available as a free download in two specific packages: full and lite. While the
full package download provides a wide array of development tools, XAMPP Lite contains the
necessary technologies that meet the Ontario Skills Competition standards.

The light version is a small package containing Apache HTTP Server, PHP, MySQL, PHP My
Admin, Open SSL, and SQLite.

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4. Result
A web based student database system intended to track and store student records is the
outcome of the project after a critical analysis, design, building and testing of the system.
Evaluation was properly done to ensure that the system meet all the requirements and
specifications.

A stringent plan to monitor the implementation of the new system is laid-out and the
entire project documented. Finally, the new system is deployed and users will receive some
training to understand the new system.

The new system would run alongside the old system until the new system is proven to be
effective and efficient.

4.1. Technologies Used

HTML, CSS and PHP programming language are used to create an interface that allows
the front end user to interact freely with the system. PHP is an object oriented programming
language and it is flexible and user friendly because it allows the software developer to
design the system with less code using Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), manipulate and
graphically design the system.

PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language and is very powerful behind the scenes
scripting language that visitors would not see. When you visit the PHP webpage, the web
server processes the PHP code.

It then sees which part it needs to show to visitors (contents and pictures) and hide the
other stuff (file operations math calculations, etc.) then translate the PHP to HTML. After
the translation into HTML it sends the webpage to the visitor’s web browser. MySQL is also
chosen to create the database for the back end user since it is extensively used third
generation database management system.

4.1.1. Steps Involved in Database Creation

The following steps were followed to create the database in MySQL: Create the
database file in PHP My ADMIN Create a table in PHP My ADMIN Set up different fields
which will be used in the table Insert dummy data into table Browse to view records in the
table

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4.1.2. Forms Creation and Connection to the Database

HTML is used to create the forms and the ‘file name .PHP ‘file created will process the
HTML form information. Before data can be accessed in a database, a connection to the
database must be created.

In PHP this is done with My SQL _Connect() function. For example: <? PHP $con=my
SQL_ connect (“local host”, “root”,””) If(! $con) //Some data here { Die (‘could not connect’ .

My SQL_ error(()); } ?> The example above is a simple PHP script used to connect to the
MySQL database server. The die part will be executed if the connection fails.

4.1.3. Hardware Requirements Processor:

Pentium IV Ram: 512 MB RAM Hard Disk: 80 GB Hard disk

4.1.4. Software Requirements Operating System:

Microsoft XP/VISTA Database: My sql database Server Application Software:
Hypertext Pre processor (PHP)

4.2. Linking Internal Database to the Web

A series of middleware and other software products has been developed to help users
gain access to organization’s legacy data through the web. For example, a user with a web
browser might want to search the web based student database for student information. The
figure below illustrates how the user might access the database over the web.

The user would access the student database website over the internet using web
browser on his or her personal computer. The user’s browser would request data from the
student database, using HTML commands to communicate with the web server.

Because many back-end databases cannot interpret commands written in HTML, the
web server would pass this request for data to special software that translate HTML
commands into SQL so that they could be processed by the DBMS working with the
database.

The DBMS receives the SQL request and provides the required data. The figure also
shows that the middleware working between the web server and the DBMS is an application
server running on the dedicated computer.

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4.3. Implementation
Implementation includes all the activities that take place to convert from the old system
to the new. A proper implementation is required to provide a dependable system to meet
the requirements.

An improper installation may affect the success of the automated system. The most
appropriate approach used was to run the old and new system in parallel. This offers high
security, because even if there is a flaw in the automated system, the manual system can be
depended on.

4.4. How to Access the System

Mozilla or Internet Explorer can be used to access the web based student database
system Follow the steps below to access the homepage: The page can be displayed by
typing the URL address in the address field on the browser.

The system has three type of accessing modes, registrar, student and head of
department. Valid password and login Id are required on the login page to access the
system

4.5. Testing
Thorough testing was done to ensure that the system produces the right results. It was
time consuming to test the system because data must be carefully prepared, results
reviewed and corrections made in the system 4.6. Maintenance

The system will be maintained periodically through effective monitory and evaluation.
This will go a long way to help identify and debug emergency production problems and
address them accordingly. A considerable amount of time would be spent to effect changes
in data, files, reports, hardware and software.

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5. Conclusion
Information is an indispensable tool many schools and other organization use to
advance decision making. Large amount of student’s data are generated either manually or
electronically on daily basis.

When population of student in a school is less than a hundred, the manual system can
work perfectly but it is not the best method of managing records of students.

The manual and disintegrated electronic systems have numerous disadvantages

because these methods of capturing and managing data about students are prone to data
inconsistency, data redundancy, difficult to update and maintain data, bad security, difficult
to impose constraint on various data file and difficult to backup.

An integrated student database system provides prudent solutions to address problems

associated with manual system. In order to assess the performance of the school and
students overtime, there is the need to use past records of students without any missing
data.

The integrated student database system which captures and maintains longitudinal
data of students would provide an accurate and reliable data about current and past
students.

The system is free of errors and very efficient and less time consuming due to the care
taken to develop it.

All the phases of software development cycle are employed and it is worthwhile to
state that the system is very robust. Provision is made for future development in the
system.

5.1. Recommendation
Since student database system is very broad, the scope of this project covers only a
small aspect of student information system due to the fact that the stipulated three month
within which the project is expected to be executed is too short.

Students who are interested in building database system should be encouraged to

work on other aspect of student information system in that all the available related student
database system could be linked together.

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The department of biostatistics should add programming to the courses offered and it
should be made compulsory and run for both semesters. Health informatics students should
be encouraged to work in a team to develop a software application system so that they will
be well equipped with database and programming skills.

This move will go a long way to help them do their project without any difficulty. This
report could be useful to any person who wants to do a project on similar topic.

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