CWTS Handouts Factors that Govern the Quantity of Water Required

Water Sanitation and Conservation - Population

- Water – Consumption Patterns
Water
Factors have been found to Influence Water
- It is an important natural resource and should
Consumption
be managed in a holistic and sustainable way.
Today, the threat of inadequate safe water - Climate
supply is real. Water is a key development - Industrial Activity
ingredient and should be made available to - Meterage
every human being. - System Management
- Standard of Living
Water Cycle
Philippine legislators are currently working on the Clean
- It is one of nature’s most important processes.
Water Act to ensure that resource regulation covers the
Water evaporates into the atmosphere, falls to
overall management of water resources with respect to
Earth as rain or snow, and runs to the oceans to
its allocation and distribution, utilization, conservation
begin the cycle again. Energy to keep the cycle
and protection, and sustainable use. Water resource
moving smoothly comes from the sun.
management in the Philippines is currently being
- Evaporation, one of the major processes in the
handled by multiple agencies.
cycle, is the transfer of water from the surface
of the Earth to the atmosphere. By evaporation, Important water – related issues have to be addressed
water in the liquid state is transferred to the by public and private players and stake holders to
gaseous, or vapor state. ensure improved and sustainable water supply for
- Evaporation from snow and ice, the direct existing customers and to provide the poor with
conversion from solid to vapor, is known as equitable access to safe and reliable water supply. The
sublimation. critical issues include the following:
- Transpiration is the evaporation of water
1. Inadequate supply of clean water;
through minute pores, or stomata, in the leaves
2. Complex structure of water governance;
of plants. For practical purposes, transpiration
3. Sewerage and sanitation;
and the evaporation from all water, soils, snow,
4. Water pollution;
ice, vegetation and other surfaces are lumped
5. And the implementation of the Philippine Clean
together and called evapotranspiration, or total
Water Act (RA 9275)
evaporation.
- The transition process from the vapor state to
the liquid state is called condensation. Policies Pertaining to Water Use and Management
Condensation may take place as soon as the air
contains more water vapor than it can receive National Water Code in 1976
from a free water surface through evaporation Presidential Decree 1067 (1976)
at the prevailing temperature.
- By condensation, water vapor in the According to this Report, the Code defines the
atmosphere is released to form precipitation. following:
- Precipitation that falls to the Earth is distributed 1. The basic principles and structural framework
in four main ways: (1) some is returned to the relating to appropriation, control, conservation,
atmosphere by evaporation, (2) some may be and protection of water resources to achieve
intercepted by vegetation and then evaporated their optimum development and efficient use to
from the surface of leaves, (3) some percolates meet present and future needs;
into the soil by infiltration, (4) and the 2. The scope of the rights and obligations of water
remainder flows directly as surface runoff into users and provides for the protection and
the sea. Some of the infiltrated precipitation regulation of such rights
may later percolate into streams as
groundwater runoff. Other Laws and Descriptions:

Water Crisis 1. Republic Act No. 8041, National Water Crisis Act
of 1995
- 97% of the world’s water is too salty to drink - Addresses the issues of water supply,
- 2% is locked up in ice caps and glacier privatization of state – run water facilities,
- Less than 1% is left for drinking, agriculture and protection and conservation of watersheds and
nature. the waste and pilferage of water
Sources of Water 2. Republic Act No. 198, Creation of Provincial
Water Utilities (1973)
1. Surface Water - Authorizes the creation of local water districts
- Streams to operate and administer water supply and
- Lakes wastewater disposal systems in the provincial
- Rivers areas.
2. Ground Water
 3. Presidential Decree No. 1586, Environmental Marine Protected Areas – VSU Marine Sanctuary
Impact Statement System (1978)
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
- Mandates the conduct of environmental impact
assessment studies for all investments - A marine protected area (MPA) is defined as
undertaken by the government and private “any area of intertidal or subtidal terrain,
sector together with its overlying water and associated
4. Presidential Decree No. 424 flora, fauna, historical, and cultural features,
- Creation of the National Water Resource which has been reserved by law or other
Council effective means to protect part or all of the
5. Republic Act No. 7160, Local Government Code enclosed environment.” – Kelleher 1999
- Devolves enforcement of laws on sanitation to
LGUs and the provision of basic services such as MPAs in the Philippines
water supply, sanitation and flood control - The Philippines is home to range of 400 to 500
Water resources are critical to the survival of marine protected areas – the most in Southeast
humankind, but they don’t always exist when and Asia – which were mostly established by the
where they are needed. There is, therefore, a need to local government. Currently, however, less than
manage water resources efficiently and effectively to 50 of these sites are recognized as functional
have a sustainable supply of water for both the present conservation areas.
and future generations. There is a present gap between Purpose of MPAs
human demand and the availability of water in the
required quantity and quality, and this has become a - To conserve natural heritage
fundamental issue facing the water sector. As - To conserve cultural heritage
population grow, water shortages will increase, and - Sustainable production
competition for water will intensify. This brings to the To Conserve Natural Heritage
fore sustainability issues.
- The goals are to protect and restore the
Status of Water Use and Supply biodiversity within the ecosystems of an area.
According to the “2005 Little Green Data Book” Some of examples include most national marine
of the World Bank, one out of five Filipinos does not get sanctuaries and national wildlife refuges.
water from formal sources. Only 77% of the rural To Conserve Cultural Heritage
population and 90% of those urban areas have access to
an improved water source and only 44% have direct - This would include providing protection to
house connections. Those without house connections historical artifacts, such as a shipwreck. This
access water from wells, springs and communal faucets, may include some of the national marine
and/or from small scale informal providers (Mandrazo, sanctuaries, national and state parks and
A., 2002). historic monuments

Major Problems Concerning Water Use and Scarcity Sustainable Production

- Disparity between water supply and demand - The area would be managed in a way that
- Corporations also directly compete with the supports the extraction of living resources (like
people for the control and use of available fish, shellfish, plants, etc.) that depend on the
freshwater resources protected areas habitat for feeding, mating,
- Weak water use regulation and enforcement spawning, etc. Examples might include some
- Inefficient water use wildlife refuges, and certain fishing areas.
- Depletion of ground water resources
Local MPA
Cause
- VSU Marine Sanctuary
- Climate Change
Some Events that occurred in the VSU MPA
- Increased Pollution
- Increased Human Demand - Turtle Releasing
- International Coastal Clean – Up Day: VSU
Effects of Water Crisis
- Deployment of new buoy markers (heavier,
- Inadequate access to safe drinking water for with LED)
about 84 million people
Threats that occurred/ has been occurring within the
- Inadequate access to sanitation for 2.5 billion
VSU MPA
people, which often lead to water pollution
- Ground water over drafting (excessive use) - Hollowblock making
leading to diminished agricultural yields - Sand mining/ Quarrying
- Overuse and pollution of water resources - Illegal Fishing
harming biodiversity - Garbage
- Conflicts over scarce water resources
sometimes resulting in warfare
Hollowblock Making and Sand Mining: Harmful Effects Effects of Climate Change
towards the VSU MPA
- Increase in minimum (nighttime) temperatures,
- Sand Mining causes Erosion maximum (daytime) temperatures, and
- Sand Mining in Beaches Harms Local Wildlife increases in the global mean temperature.
- Sand Mining Adversely affects the beach’s - Increase in sea surface temperatures, sea level
Aesthetic beauty and changes in evaporation, and thus, changes
in rainfall patterns among others.
Climate Change – Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation
- Extreme changes in weather patterns.
What is Environment? - According to the assessment report: Global
average surface temperature increased by
- Environment is the sum of total water, air, and 0.74°C (1906 – 2005) which is higher than the
land and the interrelationships that exist among Third Assessment Report (TAR) of 0.6°C (1901 –
them with human being and other living 2000).
organism and materials. - According to Intergovernmental Panel on
- Biotic and Abiotic component Climate Change (IPCC), in February 2007,
- Responsible in Sustaining Life “…warming of the climate system is
- Natural services for humans all other species. unequivocal…and that most of the observed
- Atmospheric composition regulation increase in global average temperatures since
Climate Change the mid-20th century is very likely due to the
observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse
- A change of climate which is attributed directly gas concentrations” (IPCC FAR).
or indirectly to human activity that alters the - According to the assessment report: Global
composition of the global atmosphere which is average sea level rose at an average rate of 1.8
in addition to natural climate variability mm per year over 1961 to 2003 or a total of
observed over a comparable period of time 0.17m for the 21st century. How?
Climate System - Are there projections for further warming?
There are other projected increases from 1.4°C
- The highly complex system consisting of five to 5.8°C during the 21st century leading to an
major components: the atmosphere, the increase in the sea level from 18 – 59 cm by
hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere, 2100. In the Philippines, under the A1B
and the biosphere, and the interactions scenario, mean annual temperatures are
between them. expected to rise by about 0.9°C to 1.2°C for
2020 and 1.7°C to 2.2°C by 2050.
To be able to understand climate change is to
understand the concept of Greenhouse Effect The increase in temperature that will realized by 2100
will depend on several factors including:
Greenhouse Effect
- Population growth;
- These greenhouse gases include water vapor,
- Amount and manner of developments;
clouds, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide
- Adoption of environmentally clean technologies
and halocarbons.
and;
- By burning fossil fuels due to industrialization
- Measures or strategies to be put in place by the
and to sustain our modern lifestyle, the level of
global community.
GHGs increase rapidly.
Impacts of Climate Change
Human activities that lead to the increase in
concentration of greenhouse gases include: Coastal and Marine Ecosystem
- Worldwide deforestation - Sea level rise will greatly affect coastal areas
- Increasing industrial activity through: Inundation and erosion, Increased
- Motor vehicle emissions and; flooding, and Salt – water intrusion, and many
- Waste management practices even cause extreme events like high tides,
storm surges, and tsunamis.
Basically, there are three main human sources of GHGs:
- Bleaching of the coral reefs is associated with
- Energy generation and industrial processes the loss of symbiotic algae and/or their
- Transportation and; pigments, and the death of the corals if the
- Land – use, agriculture and forestry warming of the sea surface temperatures are
prolonged.
There are other three (3) man – made GHGs which were
initially intended to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
to prevent further depletion of the ozone layer.
However, they were found to be harmful greenhouse
gases. These are Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
Water Resources - Mitigation – Limit cause of climate change
through measures that could slow down the
- Climate change will influence the hydrological
buildup of atmospheric GHGs concentrations by
cycle, changing evaporation, precipitation and
reducing current and future emissions and by
runoff patterns which could affect water
increasing GHG sinks.
resources.
- For extreme weather events – more intense Adaptation Measures/Strategies
rainfall in the northern parts of the country; less
- Agriculture – Adjustment of planning dates and
rainfall/drought and water scarcities in
crop variety; crop relocation; improved land
provinces along and below the equator.
management, e.g. erosion control and soil
Agriculture and Food Security protection through tree planting.
- Water – Expanded rainwater harvesting; water
- For every 1°C increase in temperature, rice
storage and conservation techniques; water re-
yields will decrease by 10% - 15% (IRRI)
use; desalination; water – use and irrigation
- Water for agriculture is critical for food security.
efficiency.
Agriculture is by far the biggest consumer of
- Human Health – Heat-health action plans;
water worldwide. To raise a ton of rice, a
emergency medical services; improved climate-
thousand gallons of water. (IRRI)
sensitive disease surveillance and control safe
Health water and improved sanitation.
- Infrastructure/Settlement – Relocation;
- Death and injury due to flooding seawalls and storm surges barriers; dune
- Reduced availability of freshwater due to reinforcement; land acquisition and creation of
saltwater intrusion. marshlands/wetlands as buffer against sea level
Biodiversity (Including Forests and Wildlife) rise and flooding; protection of existing natural
barriers.
- Increased outbreaks of pests and diseases - Energy Supply – Improved supply and
- Increased risk of forest fires distribution efficiency; fuel switching from coal
- Change in species distribution, composition and to gas, renewable heat and power
abundance (hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal and
- Invasion of weeds and alien species bioenergy); combined heat and power; early
- Displacement of native plant/forest species applications of Carbon Dioxide Capture (e.g.
- Loss of plant and animal species storage of removed Carbon Dioxide from
- Migration of plant and animal species natural gas)
- Loss of wetlands - Transport – More fuel efficient vehicles; hybrid
Philippine Vulnerability to Climate Change vehicles; cleaner diesel vehicles; biofuels; non-
motorized transport (cycling, walking); land use
- Archipelago, composed of low lying small and transport planning
islands.
- 70% of cities and municipalities are coastal Significant Milestones in the Philippines Response to
areas Address Climate Change
- Highly susceptible to flooding and storm surges - Created the Inter-Agency Committee on Climate
- Low Agricultural Productivity – Rice Production Change (IACCC) in May 1991 to serve as the
in the Philippines will decline by as much as national coordination mechanism and
75%. administrative machinery to implement the
A 1 Degree increase in temperature in the Earth; country’s commitments to the United Nations
Agricultural yield declined by as much as 10% Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
High susceptible to loss of biological resources – - Signed the UNFCCC on June 1992 and ratified it
According to UN, 20% - 30% of plant and animal on August 2, 1994
species may become extinct as a result of climate - Signed the Kyoto Protocol on April 15, 1998 and
change. ratified it on November 20, 2003
- Designated the DENR as the National Authority
Climate change in the Philippines – DRIER.
for CDM on June 25, 2004 by virtue of Executive
Impacts of Climate Change Order No. 320
- Issued DENR Adm. Order 2005-17 on August
- Other extreme weather/climate events like
2005 on the IRR Governing E.O. 320
intense rains have been seen to be more
frequent.

What can we do? – Adaptation and Mitigation

- Adaptation – Increase the resilience and coping

capacity of the sector with the current and
future changes.
 - Republic Act No. 9729: Climate Change Act of WHAT WILL YOU DO?
2009 (Signed 23 October 2010)
NSTP – CWTS Orientation
An Act Mainstreaming Climate Change
into Government Policy Formulations, Introduction
Establishing the Framework, Strategy
and Program on Climate Change, - CWTS is one of the components of NSTP
Creating for this Purpose the Climate - Requirement for baccalaureate degree for both
Change Commission (CCC), and for male and female students
Other Purpose. Course Description

CCC – sole policy – making body of the - Designed to encourage youth to contribute to
government tasked to coordinate, the improvement of the general welfare and
monitor and evaluate CC programs and the quality of Filipino life.
action plans attached to the Office of - Students are required to carry out projects and
the President. activities contributory to the general welfare
- The National Framework Strategy on Climate and the betterment of life of community
Change – 2010 – 2022 members.
- The Philippine Strategy on Climate Change - Enhancement of its facilities, especially those
Adaptation – 2010 – 2022 devoted to improving health, education, safety,
livelihood, environment, entrepreneurship,
“Climate Change will not be effectively managed recreation, morals of the citizenry, and other
until individuals and communities recognize that social welfare services.
their behavior can make a difference.”
NSTP – CWTS Vision
-The Royal Society, Climate
Change: what we know and - Train students to become innovators of social
what we need to know (2002) change with a culture of excellence and to
become leaders with integrity, competence,
The Role of the Youth in the Environment Protection and commitment to render service to the
and Management community.
Youth - Develop in the youth the values of patriotism
and national pride, discipline and hard work,
- The time of life when one is Young. integrity and accountability for nation building,
- A young person. and volunteerism as valuable and effective
- Anyone below the age of 30. members of the National Service Corps of CWTS
The current population of the Philippines is 108,355,737 NSTP – CWTS Mission
(August 30, 2019, UN).
- Promote and integrate values of education,
Fifty – nine percent (59%) of the Philippine population is transformational leadership, and sustainable
below 30 years old, and the country’s median age of social mobilization for youth development,
23.1 is the age of a fresh college graduate. community building, national renewal, global
solidarity.
Why the youth?
- Providing relevant activities that will contribute
- They comprise the majority of population. to the physical, intellectual, spiritual, and social
- They are the hope of our future. development of students.
- Change makers of today. - Inculcating in students the values of leadership,
patriotism, and social responsibility.
“Our youth sector is an essential partner of the DENR in
- Training students to become project planners,
promoting environmental awareness. With their active
designers, and managers of innovative and
involvement in social media that influences many, the
sustainable community service – oriented
youth can create a climate resilient future.”
projects.
-Director Sibbaluca - Conducting capability enhancements for civic
welfare services geared toward preparing the
What you can do? youth to become result – oriented social
- Educate other people especially the other youth entrepreneurs, volunteers, and a socio-
regarding the importance of protecting the economic mobilizing force that serve
environment. communities as value-driven innovators for
- Take part in community-engaging activities progress.
which promote environmental protection and - Working closely with a network of organizations
conservation. within and outside the higher education
- Develop a lifestyle which upholds the welfare of institutions.
the environment - Creating opportunities where students can
- Be active in social media regarding these issues, render direct service to the community.
but remember DON’T JUST RANT, prove
yourself through ACTIONS.
NSTP – CWTS CORE VALUES NSTP – CWTS Dimensions of Development

- Love for God S-afety and Security

- Human Dignity
E-ducation
- Discipline, Truth, Goodness, and Social
Responsibility R-ecreation
- Awareness, Innovation, and Creativity
- Respect, Synergy, and Professionalism V-Values Formation and Moral Recovery
- Excellence and Indigenous Learning I-ndustry and Entrepreneurship
- Protection and Conservation of the
Environment C-are for Health
- Quality Service Delivery E-nvironment
Course Objectives - Safety and Security – Disaster preparedness
At the end of the course, the students will be during fire, earthquake or other calamity that
able to: needs immediate response from any trained
civilians during emergency situations. Basic life-
- Internalize virtues as the foundation of saving seminar, fire drill and the like are some
leadership, their application on an individual, of these examples.
team, and institutional levels vis-à-vis national - Education – Enhancement of institutional
development in the context of self-awareness support materials and facilities for the
and values integration and promotion of community and school e.g., providing materials
framework for understand human nature. containing basic literacy skills for preschoolers,
- Interpret the basic concepts of development alternative learning system for out-of-school
management and social mobilization. youths and adults, etc.
- Apply the concepts learned, and design civic - Recreation – Involves sports fest, parlor games
welfare projects/activities to be implemented for street children and painting that enrich
as a team in their assigned community barangay youth’s capacities to relate with one another in
or government agency. community.
- Document team activities in their assigned - Values Formation and Moral Recovery –
barangay or government agency and provide a Involves the development of youth to be good
summary of lessons learned in carrying out leaders, responsible individuals imbued with
CWTS projects and activities. good moral values and active agent of
- Generate an individual output on the CWTS development of the community.
experience, focusing on the core values learned. - Industry and Entrepreneurship – Includes
Students must present their individual outputs programs and activities that are vital to
either in written or visual forms. economic growth. CWTS students demonstrate
Duration and Equivalent Course Unit technical skills in communities like meat
processing, silkscreen making and how to
- CWTS shall be undertaken in two (2) semester, establish small business.
credited for three (3) units per semester, for 54 - Care for Health – Aims to give knowledge on
to 90 training hours per semester/ or one (1) medical-related fields and extend health
summer program in lieu to the two (2) semester services needed in the community. This also
program. includes medical services like first-aid
operation, vaccination, info dissemination, basic
NSTP – CWTS Minimum Standard
life-saving seminars, health/nutrition technical
- Minimum standard for NSTP is the development assistance and training of youth to be first aid
of common and specific modules set forth in assistants.
the IRR. - Environment – Inculcates environmental
- NSTP – CWTS includes a minimum of seven awareness and its contribution to health and
topics: related fields. This also involves management of
1. Self-Awareness and Values waste, environmental protection, dissemination
Development and application of technologies supportive of
2. Leadership Training the community needs and livelihood activities
3. Dimension of Development related to environment and other related fields
4. Community Exposure supportive of the national thrust.
5. Community Needs Assessment
Gallery
6. Community Services dwell on Drug
Addiction, Health Education, - Self-awareness and values development
Environment Education, and - Leadership training
Entrepreneurship and Culture - Dimension of Development
7. Program Implementation,
Monitoring and Evaluation
Videos Leadership Truth

- Community Exposure “We praise leaders too much when teams

- Community needs assessment succeed, and blames them too much when
- Community services dwell on drug addiction, teams fail.”
health education, environmental education and
What is leadership?
entrepreneurship and culture
- Program implementation, monitoring and - Leading people
evaluation - Influencing people
- Commanding people
Leadership Exploration and Development (LEAD)
- Guiding people
Program Objectives
Leadership Qualities that Make Great Leaders
- Understand the team concept.
- Honesty and Integrity
- This activity is intended to build camaraderie,
- Confidence
cooperation, unity, respect, trust and honesty
- Inspire Others
among members of the group.
- Commitment and Passion
- Sharpen communication techniques and skills.
- Good Communicator
- This also enhances the true spirit of servant
- Decision-making Capabilities
hood and putting responsibilities in lined to
- Accountability
ethics and discipline which touches the affective
- Delegation and Empowerment
domain of an individual.
- Creativity and Innovation
- Learn techniques for building a better team.
- Empathy
What is a Team?
Team Morale Depends On
- According to Webster’s Ninth Edition:
- Support
“A team is a number of persons associated
- Resources
together in work or activity: as a group on one
- Communication
side.”
- Personalities
In other words, when one person cannot
accomplish a job alone and several individuals Why People Join Group?
must cooperate to fulfill a mission, you need a
team. The better the cooperation, - Security
communication, and coordination among team - Status
members, the more efficient the team. - Self-esteem
- Affiliation
Common Need – The overriding need of all people - Power
working for the same team: to make the team - Goal Achievement
profitable.
Conflict Management
Conceptions of Team
- Conflict – The opposition between two
- The Athletic Perspective – Team connotes simultaneous but incompatible feelings, ideas,
winning and losing. In an athletic arena, winning or interests,
is the ultimate goal. - Benefits of Conflicts – Increased understanding,
- The Power of Two – Team implies partnership. increased group cohesion, improved self-
This includes both business and personal knowledge
partnership such as marriage. - Drawbacks of Conflicts – Personal dislike,
disengagement from work, downward spiral of
Why Teams Work
negativity and recrimination
- Team initiates change – Often those at the top
Conclusion
of the organization are challenged by what
changes are necessary within an organization. - Leadership is the process, not the position.
Teams provide a valuable source of feedback. - Combine the power and influence into process
- Teams are natural problem solving devices – A of work.
team setting opens up new communication - Keep the bright side of yours and improve the
lines. Because of the necessity of dark ones.
communication within a team, members - Enhance your skills in perceiving, managing,
encounter problems and challenges in early using, and understanding emotions.
stages and are able to head them off with - Keep followers close to the heart and improve
greater efficiency and success. them through effective delegation.
- Teams are collections of the organizations best - Establish effective groups and teams to help
assets – Each team member has specific talents. you achieve the overall goals.
By combining individuals in team fashion, all of - Understand the pros and cons conflicts, and
these talents are joined to work toward a apply the appropriate techniques to resolve
common goal. them.
“A leader is one who knows the way, goes the
way and shows the way.”
-John Maxwell