Government of Nepal

Ministry of Physical Planning & Works

Department of Roads

DESIGN REPORT
on

Detail Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and

Design

of

Bridge over Karnali (Geruwa) River

at

Kothiyaghat, Bardiya District

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT.............................................................3

1 Background......................................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................4
1.2 Objective and Scope of Works..................................................................4
1.3 Methodology..............................................................................................4
1.3.1 Desk Study..........................................................................................5
1.3.2 Field Works.........................................................................................5
1.3.3 Design and Preparation of Drawing....................................................6
2 DETAIL ENGINEERING SURVEY..................................................................6
2.1 Topographical Survey of the Bridge Site...................................................6
2.2 Selection of Bridge site..............................................................................7
3 SOIL INVESTIGATION....................................................................................7
4 Hydrological study...........................................................................................7
5 BRIDGE DESIGN............................................................................................7
5.1 Bridge type selection.................................................................................7
5.2 General features........................................................................................8
5.2.1 Loads..................................................................................................8
5.2.2 Design Live Load................................................................................9
5.2.3 Materials.............................................................................................9
5.2.4 Width of Bridge.................................................................................10
5.3 BRIDGE STRUCTURE............................................................................10
5.3.1 Superstructure..................................................................................10
5.3.2 Approach road...................................................................................11
5.3.3 Protection works................................................................................11
5.3.4 Miscellaneous...................................................................................12
6 ENVIROMENTAL STUDY.............................................................................12
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

1. Project
1.1. Name of River :Karnali (Geruwa) River
1.2. Name of Road :Gulariya – Kothiyaghat – Rajapur Road.
1.3. Road Classification :Hulaki Road

2. Location
2.1. Development Region :Mid-Western
2.2. Zone :Bheri
2.3. District :Bardiya
2.4. Geographical Location :Latitude 2822'09"N
Longitude 8111'53"E

3. Technical Characteristics
3.1. Type of Bridge :52.5 m PSC Box Girder & 25m RCC
3.2. Span arrangement :7.5 m
3.3. Total Width of Deck :9.1 m
3.4. Type of Foundation :Well foundation

4. Design Data
4.1. Design Load :IRC Class A
4.2. Design Discharge (100 yr) :14,360 m3/s (cu.sec)
4.3. Design Method :Working Stress
4.4. Design Code :IRC Code of Practice

5. Materials
5.1. Structural Steel : Mild Steel conforming to IS 2062
5.2. Concrete for PSC Box Girder : M 40
5.3. Concrete for Substructure : M 20
5.4. Reinforcement : Fe 500 bars conforming to IS: 1786

6. River Training Works

6.1 Left Bank : 200m
6.2 Right Bank : 700m (Proposed)

7. Approach Road
7.1 Left Bank : 500m
7.2 Right Bank : 500m

8. Construction Contract
8.1. Type of contract :Design and Build
8.2. Contractor :ANK – Lumbini – Tundi J/V
8.3. Agreement Date :2067/03/02
8.4. Construction Period :5 Years
8.5. Contract No. :BP-DB-065-066/67-03
8.6. Contract Amount :Rs.866,600,000.00 (Without VAT)
1 Background

1.1 Introduction

This proposed bridge over Karnali (Geruwa) River at Kothiyaghat, Bardiya lies on
Gulariya – Kothiyaghat – Rajapur Road. For the construction of the Bridge, the
Contract has been awarded to the Contractor ANK – Lumbini – Tundi J/V on
‘Design and Build’ Basis. This Design Report has been prepared as per the
Contract and it consists of detail engineering survey, soil investigation and
Structural design of the bridge.

1.2 Objective and Scope of Works

The main objective is to design and build a permanent bridge over Geruwa Nadi
(Karnali River) at Kothiyaghat, Bardiya, on Gulariya - Rajapur Road. According to
the Contract, the main scope of works for the Design phase is as follows:

 Detail Engineering Survey

 Soil Investigation

 Structural Design of Bridge Components

 Preparation of Drawings

1.3 Methodology

The methodology consisted mainly of the following:

 Desk study

 Field works

 Design and preparation of drawings

1.3.1 Desk Study

Desk study consisted of the collection of relevant documents & data, and study of
these data for planning field works & subsequent design works. Following maps,
documents, data, etc. have been collected and studied:

 Maps of Bardiya district, Bheri zone prepared by Government of

Nepal, Department of Survey.

 Relevant Topo maps prepared by Government of Nepal, Department

of Survey.

 Nepal Road Standards

 Relevant IRC codes

 Climatological records of Nepal prepared by Government of Nepal,

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

 Other relevant documents

1.3.2 Field Works

The field works consisted mainly of the following jobs:

 Selection of the bridge site

 Topo-survey of the bridge site

 Hydrological Study

 Soil investigation works

 Meeting and discussion with DOR Officials regarding the above

mentioned survey works, identification of Quarry sites, etc.
1.3.3 Design and Preparation of Drawing

This phase involved the following works:

 Plotting of plan, profile, cross-sections as well as preparation of Topo-

plan of the bridge site with contours at 2 m intervals.

 Hydrological calculations, i.e. determination of design discharge,

scour depth, etc.

 Determination of safe bearing capacity

 Structural design of bridge components

 Geometric design of approach road

 Preparation of drawings

2 DETAIL ENGINEERING SURVEY

2.1 Topographical Survey of the Bridge Site

Tachometric survey of the bridge site has been conducted to show the
topographical features of the site, the river corridor, existing track as well as other
physical features. The survey has been carried for 500 m upstream/ downstream of
the Bridge axis and 500 m on either side of the river by using the Total Station;
seven stations have been established at the site. A Bench Mark has been fixed with
an arbitrary level 350 m. All the other levels have been related to this BM. A
traverse has been formed by joining the stations and the Bench Mark for checking
as well as to facilitate location of the points during survey layout for construction.
Contour lines have been drawn at 2 m interval.

Cross-sections of the river have been taken along the proposed bridge axis and at
every 20 m intervals up to 300 m upstream and 200 m downstream.
Longitudinal section of the river has been surveyed for 300 m on the upstream and
200 m on the downstream side of the bridge axis.

2.2 Selection of Bridge site

The Bridge lies on Gulariya – Kothiyaghat – Rajapur Road. The approach roads to
the bridge have to be constructed as part of this Bridge construction Project.
Agreement for the construction of the Bridge has been made between Government
of Nepal, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Department of Roads (Client)
and ANK – Lumbini – Tundi J/V (Contractor) on ‘Design and Build’ basis.

The location of the Bridge is presented in the Location Map attached with this
Report. The Bridge axis has been finalized after discussions with the DOR Officials
as well as the local representatives.

3 SOIL INVESTIGATION

Soil Investigation Report is attached as Annex on this Design Report and also
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey is attached as Annex on this design
report.

4 Hydrological study

Hydrological Study Report is attached as Annex on this Design Report.

5 BRIDGE DESIGN

5.1 Bridge type selection

At the Bridge site the river bed is composed of sandy gravel with boulders. Natural
linear waterway is about 960 m; the flow is concentrated on the left side of the river.
According to the requirements of the contract the minimum length of the Bridge is
1,000 m. The HFL of the river at the bridge site has been determined as 134.80 m.
The minimum clearance requirement (3.0 m) above HFL and the depth of the PSC
bridge girder (3.5 m) required the RL of the Bridge is kept at 141.80 m, which is
about 7.5 m above the existing average ground level on the river bank. Considering
all these factors the following type and span arrangement has been proposed:

16 spans of 55 m PSC Box Girder on the right and 2 spans of RCC Girder type for
end two spans. The total length of this arrangement of the Bridge will be 18×55 + 1
x 25=1,015 m.

5.2 General features

5.2.1 Loads

Loads taken into account in designing the bridge structures consists of the
following loads:

a. Dead load

b. Live load

c. Impact due to live load

d. Earth pressure

e. Longitudinal forces (Braking, Friction, etc.)

f. Buoyancy

g. Wind

h. Earthquake

Different combination of the above mentioned loads have been considered, while
designing the structure for the worst possible cases. IRC code has been adopted in
calculating the different loads.
5.2.2 Design Live Load

IRC class A loading has been adopted as Design Live Load. This loading consists
of a wheel load train composed of a driving vehicle and trailers of specified axle
spacing and loads. The maximum axle load is 114 kN.

5.2.3 Materials

a. Structural Steel

Mild Steel conforming to IS 2062-1992

Minimum Yield stress 250 N/mm2

Permissible stress in Axial tension 150 N/mm2

Permissible stress in Axial compression depends upon the l/r ratio

Permissible stress in Bending 145 N/mm2

Permissible average Shear stress 85 N/mm2

b. Concrete

For PSC Box Girder M40

For Substructure & Foundation M25, M20

c. Reinforcement (Fe 500 conforming to IS: 1786)

Permissible stress in tension 200 N/mm2

Permissible stress in direct compression 170 N/mm2

D. Pre Stressing Cable

7 Ply 12.7mm dia. Class 2 Strand As per IS: 6006

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Strand 187 Kg/mm2

5.2.4 Width of Bridge

As per the Contract requirements as well as IRC code of practice, a carriageway

width of 7.5 m with 0.6 m footpaths on either side has been adopted. The total
width of the bridge deck is 9.1 m.

5.3 BRIDGE STRUCTURE

5.3.1 Superstructure

The Superstructure consists of a simply supported 18 nos. post-tensioned concrete

(PSC) box girder of spans 55 m on the left side.

The 55m span PSC Box Girder is a monolithic structure consisting of box girder
with diaphragms at every quarter of the span. The depth of the girder inclusive of
the deck slab is 3.5 m and the distance between the ribs is 4.5 m.

The numbers of pre stressing cable is 24 consisting 12 nos. of cable of 12.7mm

dia. 7-ply class 2 strand as per IS: 6006 – 1983. In addition to these, two dummy
cables have been provisioned in case of any short fall in stressing. If there are no
short fall all strands in this dummy cables shall be taken out and grouted. The pre
stressing is applied by post tensioning method i.e. pre stressing of the cables are
tensioned after concreting.

5.3.2 Sub-structure

The Substructure consists of 2 Abutments and 18 Piers. The Abutments are RCC
wall type structures resting on Well foundation. The length of the Abutments has
been kept equal to the total width of the Bridge, i.e. 9.10 m. For smooth transition
from the approach road to the Bridge, reinforced concrete approach slabs of 4 m
length have been provided on both sides of the Bridge.
Pier No.1 to 6 is a Circular RCC column structure. The pier one supports the 25 m
span RCC T-Beam Slab on the left and 55 m PSC Box Girder on the left. The
thickness of pier cap is kept different to account for unequal depth of the Steel and
PSC span. The foundation of these Piers is a RCC well of 7 m external diameter
with 1.15 m thick steining topped with the well cap of 2.0 m thickness. The total
depth of the well excluding the well cap and inclusive of the well curb is 24 m.

Piers No. 7 to 18 are Circular RCC column structures similar to Pier No.1 to 6,
except for the foundation. The foundation of these Piers is a RCC well of 7m
external diameter with 1.15m thick steining topped with well cap of 2.0 m thickness.
The total depth of the well excluding the well cap and inclusive of the well curb is
17 m.

5.3.2 Approach road

Retaining structures and embankment slope protection structures have been

proposed as required. According to the contract, at present a gravel wearing
course has been proposed as the top surface of the road. This will serve as a sub-
base in the improvement phase in the future.

5.3.3 Protection works

The protection works consist of Gabion structures, which function as toe walls as
well for the embankment filling on both the banks.

5.3.4 Miscellaneous

a) Bearings

Bearings are provided between the superstructure and the sub-structure for
transmission of loads from the former to the latter. Besides this, they also allow the
movement of the superstructure due to expansion/ contraction as well as end
rotation. The Bearings for PSC Box Girder are circular POT bearing type which
allows rotation on both axis. According to the general practice the detail design will
be done by the manufacturer of the bearing.

b) Railing

The railing consists of RCC posts at 2m interval with 3 rows of 60mm dia. GI pipes
as per requirements mentioned in contract.

c) Expansion Joints

Expansion joints consist of compression seal type which is made of high quality
neoprene and can handle movement requirement up to 79mm.

d) Drainage

Since the carriage way of the bridge is only 7.5m a simple drainage arrangement
will be sufficient. Hence dia. 100mm steel pipes have been provided at the interval
of 5m on both sides.

6 ENVIROMENTAL STUDY

According to the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) and as per the provision of
Schedule 1 d(4) related to Rule 3 of the Environmental Protection Rules (EPR)
1997, second amendment 2007, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has
been prepared in the form of a separate document.