TEKNISK RIKTLINJE 1 (19)

Enhet, verksamhetsområde Datum Version

NT, Teknik 08-07-09 A TR 5-15E
Samråd

BOLTED CONNECTORS
FOR 220 kV AND 400 kV OH LINES

Introduction
This document in English shall be regarded as a translation of the corresponding
guidelines in Swedish. The aim of the translation is to provide support to foreign
manufacturers. The wording in Swedish and the interpretation thereof shall govern
contract and legal relations between the parties of the purchasing process.

These guidelines describe the requirements on bolted connectors with limited tensile
strength for steel reinforced aluminium conductors, aluminium conductors and
aluminium alloy conductors in accordance with TR 5-04E for overhead
transmission lines and cover design and inspection. The guidelines intend to
guarantee satisfactory performance of bolted connectors during the lifetime of the
overhead line and shall be used at purchasing of bolted connectors.

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CONTENT PAGE
15.1 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................3
15.2 SCOPE .......................................................................................................5
15.3 DEFINITIONS.............................................................................................5
15.4 DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................5
15.4.1 Bolted connector ............................................................................................................ 5
15.5 REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................6
15.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 6
15.5.2 Material .......................................................................................................................... 6
15.5.3 Design............................................................................................................................ 6
15.5.4 Mechanical requirements................................................................................................ 9
15.5.5 Electrical requirements ................................................................................................... 9
15.6 TYPE TEST ..............................................................................................10
15.6.1 General .........................................................................................................................10
15.6.2 Dimensions ...................................................................................................................10
15.6.3 Contact force.................................................................................................................10
15.6.4 Deformation ..................................................................................................................10
15.6.5 Threaded holes .............................................................................................................11
15.6.6 Washers........................................................................................................................11
15.6.7 Corona ..........................................................................................................................11
15.6.8 Resistance ....................................................................................................................11
15.7 CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY .................................................................12
15.7.1 General .........................................................................................................................12
15.7.2 Documentation ..............................................................................................................12
15.8 INSTALLATION .......................................................................................12
15.8.1 General .........................................................................................................................12
15.8.2 Measurement of resistance............................................................................................13
15.9 TABLES ...................................................................................................14
Table 1 Bolted connectors with two current carrying parts for connection of parallel conductors..14
Table 2 Bolted connectors with keepers for connection of conductors (T-clamp).........................15
Table 3 Tensile strength, hardness and resistivity of aluminium for bolted connectors ................15
15.10 FIGURES..................................................................................................16
Figure 1 Bolted connectors with two current carrying parts for connection of parallel conductors..16
Figure 2 Bolted connectors with keepers for connection of conductors (T-clamp).........................16
Figure 3 Current-carrying contact surface in bolted connectors with two current-carrying parts ....16
Figure 4 Current-carrying contact surface in bolted connectors with keepers ...............................17
Figure 5 Contact surface of keepers in bolted connectors............................................................17
Figure 6 Contact force in bolted connectors with two current-carrying parts .................................17
Figure 7 Contact force in bolted connectors with keepers ............................................................18
Figure 8 Measurement of resistance, type test ............................................................................18
Figure 9 Measurement of resistance, type test ............................................................................18
Figure 10 Measurement of resistance, installation records.............................................................19

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15.1 REFERENCES
Note that standards, regulations etc. which are referred to in these guidelines are
subject to continuous change and can be withdrawn, revised or replaced. It is the
obligation that the contractor immediately will inform the client of such changes
SS ISO 2178 Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates -
Measurement of coating thickness - Magnetic method
ISO 4015 Hexagon head bolts -- Product grade B -- Reduced shank
(shank diameter approximately equal to pitch diameter)
SS 1964 Threaded blind holes - ISO metric screw threads -Coarse
pitch
SS 2173 Diameters of spot facings, counter-bores and countersinks
- Screws and nuts with ISO metric screw threads and
tapping screws
SS-EN 9001 Quality management systems - Requirements
SS-EN 10002-1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test
at ambient temperature
SS-EN 61284 Overhead lines – Requirements and tests for fittings
SS-EN ISO 887 Plain washers for metric bolts, screws and nuts for general
purposes - General plan (ISO 887:2000)
SS-EN ISO 1302 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of
surface texture in technical product documentation (ISO
1302:2002)
SS-EN ISO 1461 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of
surface texture in technical product documentation (ISO
1302:2002)
SS-EN ISO 7089 Plain washers - Normal series - Product grade A
SS-EN ISO 3506-1 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel
fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
SS-EN ISO 3506-2 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel
fasteners -- Part 2: Nuts
SS-EN ISO 4014 Hexagon head bolts - Product grades A and B (ISO
4014:1999)
SS-EN ISO 4032 Hexagon nuts, style 1 - Product grades A and B
SS-EN ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test
method
SS-ISO 272 Fasteners -- Hexagon products -- Widths across flats
SS-ISO 1101 Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing -
Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out -
Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings
EBR U303K Maintenance of transmission lines 0,4 – 420 kV
SvK TR 5-04E Technical Guidelines – Conductors

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SvK TR 8E Technical Guidelines – Documentation

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15.2 SCOPE
These guidelines describe the requirements on bolted connectors with limited
tensile strength for steel reinforced aluminium conductors, aluminium conductors
and aluminium alloy conductors in accordance with TR 5-04E for overhead
transmission lines and cover design and inspection. The guidelines intend to
guarantee satisfactory performance of bolted connectors during lifetime of the
overhead line and shall be used at purchasing of bolted connectors.
SS-EN 61284 has been taken into consideration at the establishment of these
technical guidelines. The standards requirements has been studied and analysed at
which it has been found that they do not give a sufficient level against
deterioration in the current carrying capacity during the calculated technical
lifetime of the overhead line which have give rise to that the technical guidelines
have got this shape.

15.3 DEFINITIONS
Technical terms and definitions used in these guidelines.
Body
That part of the bolted connector in which the current is transferred between the
conductors attached to the connector.
Highest voltage for equipment
The highest value of phase-to-phase voltage for which the equipment is designed.
Corona extinction voltage
The voltage where no corona is visible when the voltage is reduced from a level
with visible corona.
Fault current
The greatest short duration current which is caused by either a short-circuit (Ik) or
an earth fault (3I0)
Keeper
That part of the bolted connector that clamps the conductor to the body.

15.4 DESCRIPTION
15.4.1 BOLTED CONNECTOR
Device, comprising several parts for jointing two conductors in order to provide
electrical contact between two conductors, where the contact is acquired by bolt
connection. Bolted connector is intended for low tension forces in the connected
conductors.
15.4.1.1 Parallel groove clamp
Bolted connector to create connection between wrap-over conductors. See
Figure 1.
15.4.1.2 T-clamp
Bolted connector to create connection between main conductor and branch
conductor. See Figure 2.

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15.5 REQUIREMENTS
15.5.1 GENERAL
Bolted connectors shall be able to withstand the mechanical stresses which can
occur during transport, handling and installation at temperatures as low as –40° C,
in addition to the mechanical stresses which can occur during the technical
lifetime of the overhead line at temperatures from -50° to +100° C.
15.5.2 MATERIAL
15.5.2.1 Aluminium
Connectors shall be manufactured from aluminium alloy. The alloy, which must
not contain more than 0,1 % Cu, shall not be liable to stress, cracking or layer
corrosion.
Cast and wrought aluminium shall fulfil the requirements relating to tensile
strength, hardness and resistivity as specified in Table 3.
15.5.2.2 Steel
Bolts and nuts shall be made of stainless steel and fulfil the requirements for A2-
80 or A4-80 in accordance with and SS-EN ISO 3506-1 and SS-EN ISO 3506-2.
Washers and thread inserts shall be made of stainless steel, and shall have at least
the same resistance to corrosion as steel grade A2 in accordance with SS-EN ISO
3506-1.
15.5.3 DESIGN
15.5.3.1 General
Connectors shall be so designed that water collection is eliminated. If this is not
possible, they shall have drainage holes with a minimum diameter of 6 mm.
Current-carrying parts of the connectors shall be cast or forged in one piece.
Connectors intended for connection of parallel stranded conductors shall consist
of two current-carrying parts. Bolts shall be positioned between the conductor
grooves. The number of bolts shall be as specified in Table 1.
Connectors with keepers shall have the number of keepers as specified in Table 2.
There shall be two bolts for each keeper. Bolts shall be equally positioned on
each side of the conductor groove.
15.5.3.2 Conductor grooves
The connectors shall have a conductor groove for each conductor.
Each groove shall be adapted to the conductors in accordance with SvK TR 5-04E
in such way that it is possible to install that any of the conductors with the same
external diameter without causing permanent deformation of the connectors.
Conductor groove lengths shall be as specified in Table 1 and 2.
Conductor grooves shall be so designed that they do not reduce the strength of the
conductors.
The edges of conductor grooves, G in accordance with Figures 3 to 5, shall be
rounded with a minimum radius of 1 mm.
The ends of conductor grooves, K in accordance with Figures 3 to 5, shall be
rounded, with a minimum radius of 2 mm.

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Conductor grooves for stranded conductors terminating in the connectors shall be

provided with a lashing notch for the end of the stranded conductor. This notch
shall have a minimum length of 8 mm and a minimum depth of 2 mm.
15.5.3.3 Contact surfaces
Current-carrying contact surfaces of cast aluminium shall be machined and free
from casting skin. Current-carrying contact surfaces of wrought aluminium need
not necessarily be machined. Current-carrying contact surfaces in conductor
grooves for stranded conductors shall have a surface smoothness R not less than
N8 in accordance with SS-EN ISO 1302. The contact surfaces may be
transversely furrowed but the depth of such furrows shall not exceed 1 mm.
Contact surfaces in keeper shall be smooth.
15.5.3.3.1 Parallel groove clamps
Parallel groove clamps shall have current-carrying contact surfaces in accordance
with Tables 1. Current-carrying contact surfaces in parallel groove clamps, see
Figure 3, is calculated in accordance with:
A = [πD − 2(D − 2S ) − 4G ](L − 2 K )
A= Contact surface of the keepers
D= Conductor diameter in accordance with SvK TR 5-04E
S= Nominal depth of conductor groove
G= Nominal rounding of edges of conductor groove
L= Nominal length of conductor groove
K= Nominal rounding of ends of conductor groove
U= Total area of notches which reduce the contact surface in conductor groove
in the keepers for each conductor
Note: Nominal size in accordance with this figure shall be the mean value of
high and low limits.
15.5.3.3.2 Clamps with keepers
Clamps with keepers shall have current-carrying contact surfaces in accordance
with Tables 2. Current-carrying contact surfaces in clamps with keepers, see
Figure 4, is calculated in accordance with:
A = [0.5πD − 2(0.5 D − S ) − 2G ]( L − 2 K )
A= Current-carrying contact surface in the conductor groove
D= Conductor diameter in accordance with SvK TR 5-04E
S= Nominal depth of conductor groove
G= Nominal rounding of edges of conductor groove
L= Nominal length of conductor groove
K= Nominal rounding of ends of conductor groove
U= Total area of notches which reduce the contact surface in conductor groove
Note: Nominal size in accordance with this figure shall be the mean value of
high and low limits.

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15.5.3.3.3 Keepers
Keepers shall have contact surfaces in accordance with Tables 2. Contact
surfaces in keepers, see Figure 5, is calculated in accordance with:
B = [0.5πD − 2(0.5D − T ) − 2G ]( M − 2 K ) N
B= Contact surface of the keepers
D= Conductor diameter in accordance with SvK TR 5-04E
T= Nominal depth of conductor groove
G= Nominal rounding of edges of conductor groove
M= Nominal length of each keeper
K= Nominal rounding of ends of conductor groove
N= Number of keepers for each conductor
U= Total area of notches which reduce the contact surface in conductor groove
in the keepers for each conductor
Note: Nominal size in accordance with this figure shall be the mean value of
high and low limits.
15.5.3.4 Bolts and nuts
Bolts and nuts should be captive in the clamps, in order to simplify hot line
working.
The connectors shall be equipped with the number of bolts as specified in Table 1
and 2.
Bolt threads shall be M10 or M12.
Bolts, which are tightened during installation, shall have bolt heads in accordance
with ISO 4014 or ISO 4015. Nuts, which are tightened during installation, shall
be in accordance with ISO 4032. The width across flats shall be in accordance
with SS-ISO 272. Other designs of bolt heads and nuts shall be approved by
Svenska Kraftnät.
The bolts shall be so long that they end outside the nut threads in the installed
position.
Countersinks for tightening tools shall be in accordance with SS 2173.
15.5.3.5 Washers
Flat washers shall be fitted beneath bolts and nuts which are tightened during
installation. The washers shall be in accordance with SS-EN ISO 887 and SS-EN
ISO 7089.
15.5.3.6 Threaded hols
Threaded blind holes shall have sufficient depth to ensure full tightening of bolts
without bottoming. Threaded holes in cast aluminium according to Table 3 shall
be fitted with thread inserts. Threaded holes in forged aluminium according to
Table 3 may be cut directly in the aluminium and shall be in accordance with
SS 1964.

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15.5.4 MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

15.5.4.1 Tightening torque
Tightening torques for bolts and nuts shall be 45 Nm for M10 and 75 Nm for
M12.
15.5.4.2 Threaded hols
Threaded holes shall have at least the same strength as nuts in quality A2-80
according to SS-EN ISO 3506-2.
15.5.4.3 Washers
Washers shall have a hardness of minimum HV 200 at test in accordance with SS-
EN ISO 6507-1.
15.5.4.4 Contact force
The mean value for the pre-stressing forces in the bolts shall for each separate
conductor connection be 25 kN for M10 and 35 kN for M12 with respect to the
difference in thermal expansion between aluminium and stainless steel.
The connectors shall provide the contact forces specified in Table 1 and 2.
Contact forces are defined in Figure 6 and 7.
15.5.4.5 Deformation
Permanent deformation shall not occur in current carrying parts or creepers at
110% of the tightening torques in accordance with Clause 14.5.4.1.
15.5.5 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
15.5.5.1 General
Permanent deformation, cracks or failure shall not occur in current carrying parts
due to clashing of conductors at fault current. The connector surface shall not be
treated in order to increase the emission coefficient.
15.5.5.2 Continuous current
The bolted connector shall be capable to carry the continuous currents in
accordance with SvK TR 5-04E without reaching a temperature higher than the
weakest conductor connected by the connector.
15.5.5.3 Corona
Connectors shall have no visible corona at the test voltage defined by:
Um
Test voltage = * 1,1
3
Where Um is 245 kV respectively 420 kV.
15.5.5.4 Resistance
Bolted connector for phase conductor shall have a resistance (R1) of maximum
55% of the resistance value for the corresponding length of conductor, measured
from conductor to conductor in the vicinity of the connector. See Figures 8 and 9.
Furthermore, the resistance R2 according to Figure 9 shall be measured.

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15.6 TYPE TEST

15.6.1 GENERAL
Type inspection relates to tests as described in Clauses 14.6.2 – 14.6.8, intended
to confirm and document that the connectors tendered fulfil the requirements of
this technical guideline.
Tests shall be carried out and paid for by the manufacturer. By agreement with
the client, tests may be carried out by the manufacturer. Tests may be carried out
indoors and at room temperature.
Unless otherwise prescribed, test shall be performed on at least three (3) samples.
After agreement with Svenska Kraftnät this number may be reduced. Tests shall
be performed in such a manner that neither the test procedures nor the test
equipment affect the result. By agreement with the client, connectors consisting
of parts which have already been tested may be partly or entirely approved
without further testing.
15.6.2 DIMENSIONS
This test intends to check that the connectors fulfil the requirements in accordance
with Clause 14.5.3 and that they are also in accordance with the manufacturers
drawing regarding measurements.
15.6.3 CONTACT FORCE
This test is intended to document that the connectors fulfil the requirements of
Clause 14.5.4.4 in respect of contact forces.
Contact forces shall be measured for three successive installations. The contact
force may be measured by means of a load cell.
For connectors consisting of two current carrying parts the contact force may be
measured for one bolt and one conductor groove at a time, see Figure 6. When
carrying out the tests, a steel-bar of the appropriate size may be fitted in the other
conductor groove. When measuring contact forces for one bolt and one conductor
groove at a time, the total contact force for each conductor groove will be given
by the sum of the individual measured forces.
For connectors with keepers in accordance with Figure 7, it is permissible for the
contact forces to be measured for one keeper at a time. The total contact force for
each conductor groove will then be given by the sum of the individual measured
forces.
The contact force for conductor groove must exceed the contact forces specified
in Tables 1 and 2 in all three installations. If the connectors are equipped with
bigger bolts then given in those tables a corresponding higher contact forces shall
have been reached.
15.6.4 DEFORMATION
This test is intended to document that the connectors fulfil the requirements of
Clause 14.5.4.4 in respect of permanent deformations.
Connectors shall be installed and removed three times successively at AL1
conductors in accordance with SvK TR 5-04E. New conductors shall be used for
each successive installation.

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Deformation in the connectors shall be measured during testing. This can be done
by means of strain gauges.
After completion of tests the residual elongation shall not exceed 0,15 % in any
part of the connectors. Moderate impressions by the conductors in conductor
grooves will not be regarded as permanent deformation. Threaded parts shall not
have sheared. After the three installations/dismantling the contact forces shall be
measured in accordance with Clause 14.6.3.
15.6.5 THREADED HOLES
This test is intended to document that threaded holes in aluminium parts with and
without threaded inserts fulfil the requirements of Clause 14.5.4.2.
The bolts shall be inserted 15 mm in the threaded holes for M10 and 18 mm for
M12.
The bolts shall be tension loaded in the axial direction of the bolt with the test
force of 45 kN for M10 and 67 kN for M12.
After completion of the test no failure of the threaded holes shall have arisen. The
bolts shall be easy to turn by the fingers.
15.6.6 WASHERS
This test is intended to document that the hardness of the washers fulfil the
requirements of Clause 14.5.4.3.
The test shall be in accordance with SS-EN ISO 6507-1.
15.6.7 CORONA
The intention of this test is to establish the corona extinction voltage and is to be
performed in a fully darkened room. During the corona test the use of either field-
glass with a minimum optical performance of 7x50 or an image intensifier with
light amplification greater than 40000 in accordance with SS-EN 61284 is
recommended.
The connector shall be installed on conductors in accordance with SvK TR 5-04E.
A minimum clearance of 4 metres from live objects to earth shall be maintained.
The connector shall be subjected to an alternating current with a frequency of 50
Hz.
The corona extinction voltage shall exceed the test voltage of Clause 14.5.5.3. It
should be recorded by colour photographs, one with visible corona and one at the
corona extinction voltage level. The voltage levels should be indicated on the
photographs.
The test shall be performed in accordance with SS-EN 61284 where applicable.
15.6.8 RESISTANCE
The test is intended to verify that the connectors meet the requirements of
resistance according to Clause 14.5.5.4.
Contact paste shall not be used at the test.

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15.7 CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY

15.7.1 GENERAL
The client shall, according to these guidelines, approve the connector before
delivery. On request form the client the manufacturer shall certify that inspection
in accordance with 14.7 have been carried out with approved results. For
approval the manufacturer shall show that the connector conforms with these
guidelines.
15.7.2 DOCUMENTATION
General requirements for documentation see SvK TR 8E.
15.7.2.1 Assembly drawing
The assembly drawing shall have a minimum of two views at an appropriate scale
in accordance with SS-ISO 5455. On the drawing shall be given:
• Type and/or catalogue number
• Principal dimensions
• The dimensions after installation
• All marking.
• Weight.
• List of materials.
• Required compression tools
15.7.2.2 List of material
Description of material in included parts.
15.7.2.3 Manufacturing process
Description of the manufacturing process.
15.7.2.4 Quality system
Quality system in accordance with SS-EN ISO 9001.
15.7.2.5 Installation instruction
Installation instructions in Swedish or English with the required figures.
15.7.2.6 Type test report
Type test report in accordance with Clause 14.6.

15.8 INSTALLATION
15.8.1 GENERAL
The installation shall be in accordance with the installation instruction.
When bolted connector is installed on the conductor in the vicinity of a dead end
clamp the distance between the dead end clamp and the bolted connector shall be
at least 500 mm.
When parallel grove clamps is installed on the conductor they shall always be
installed two in series with a distance of one connector length in between.

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15.8.2 MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE

After installation the resistance be shall measured. The measurement shall be
made over the entire connector from conductor to conductor R1 in the vicinity of
the connector see Figure 10 and for the T-clamps also measurement of R2 from
the conductor in the vicinity of the connector to above the lashing notch for
branch conductor. Description of relevant procedure for the measurement can be
found in EBR 303K.
The measured resistances, span number and in which conductor the connector is
situated shall be kept in a record according to Figure 8 and in a data file.
Connector with resistance 10% greater than the resistance given in the type test
report shall be dismantled and the contact surfaces shall be greased with contact
paste and brushed with a steel brush and then reinstalled.

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15.9 TABLES
TABLE 1 BOLTED CONNECTORS WITH TWO CURRENT CARRYING PARTS
FOR CONNECTION OF PARALLEL CONDUCTORS
Conductor A, see Figure 1 Conductor B, see Figure 1

Conductor groove
Current carrying

Current carrying

Bolt dimension
Contact force

Contact force
designation

designation
Conductor

Conductor
surface

surface

length

Bolt
area A F area A F L N
mm² mm² kN mm² mm² kN Mm numbers

454 8100 70 454 8100 70 140 4 M12

593 9800 70 593 9800 70 140 4 M12

593 9800 70 454 8100 70 140 4 M12

774 13500 87,5 774 13500 87,5 170 5 M12

774 10800 70 593 9800 70 140 4 M12
774 10800 70 454 8100 70 140 4 M12

910 15000 87,5 910 15000 87,5 170 5 M12

910 15000 87,5 774 13500 87,5 170 5 M12
910 12000 70 593 9800 70 140 4 M12
910 12000 70 454 8100 70 140 4 M12

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TABLE 2 BOLTED CONNECTORS WITH KEEPERS FOR CONNECTION OF

CONDUCTORS (T-CLAMP)
Conductor A, see Figure 2 Conductor B, see Figure 2

Conductor groove

Conductor groove
Current carrying

Current carrying
Contact surface

Contact surface

Bolt dimension
Contact force

Contact force
designation

designation
Conductor

Conductor
in keeper

in keeper
surface

surface
Keeper

Keeper
length

length
Area N L A B F Area N L A B F
mm² antal mm mm² mm² kN mm² antal mm Mm² mm² kN

454 3 115 3900 2700 150 454 3 115 3900 2700 150 M10

593 3 115 4600 3300 150 593 3 115 4600 3300 150 M10
593 3 115 4600 3300 150 454 3 115 3900 2700 150 M10

774 4 155 7300 5400 200 774 4 155 7300 5400 200 M10
774 3 115 5300 4100 150 593 3 115 4600 3300 150 M10
774 3 115 5300 4100 150 454 3 115 3900 2700 150 M10

910 4 155 8000 5800 200 910 4 155 8000 5800 200 M10
910 4 155 8000 5800 200 774 4 155 7300 5400 200 M10
910 3 115 5900 4300 150 593 3 115 4600 3300 150 M10
910 3 115 5900 4300 150 454 3 115 3900 2700 150 M10

TABLE 3 TENSILE STRENGTH, HARDNESS AND RESISTIVITY OF ALUMINIUM

FOR BOLTED CONNECTORS
Tensile strength Hardness Resistivity
Rp 0,2 Rm A5
min. min. min. max. max.
MPa MPa % HB nΩ
Ωm

Separate cast test rod 190 230 2

1) 1) 1) 2)
Cast 180 200 1 75 50
Forged 240 290 5 85 402)

1) Values for machined test pieces manufactured from connector parts.

2) Values for current-carrying parts

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15.10 FIGURES
FIGURE 1 BOLTED CONNECTORS WITH TWO CURRENT CARRYING PARTS
FOR CONNECTION OF PARALLEL CONDUCTORS

FIGURE 2 BOLTED CONNECTORS WITH KEEPERS FOR CONNECTION OF

CONDUCTORS (T-CLAMP)

FIGURE 3 CURRENT-CARRYING CONTACT SURFACE IN BOLTED

CONNECTORS WITH TWO CURRENT-CARRYING PARTS

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FIGURE 4 CURRENT-CARRYING CONTACT SURFACE IN BOLTED

CONNECTORS WITH KEEPERS

FIGURE 5 CONTACT SURFACE OF KEEPERS IN BOLTED CONNECTORS

FIGURE 6 CONTACT FORCE IN BOLTED CONNECTORS WITH TWO CURRENT-

CARRYING PARTS

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FIGURE 7 CONTACT FORCE IN BOLTED CONNECTORS WITH KEEPERS

FIGURE 8 MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE, TYPE TEST

R1

FIGURE 9 MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE, TYPE TEST

R2 R1

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FIGURE 10 MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE, INSTALLATION RECORDS

Conductor numbering

Phase 1 2 3

a b a b a b
Triplex
c c c

Duplex a b a b a b

Towards greater structure number

R1

R2 R1

Bolted connector type Parallel groove clamp T-clamp

Line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Line designation:. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conductor A: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conductor B: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Span Conductor Bolted Measured Installation performed

connector resistance
No No Type R1 R2 Datum Signature Remarks
µΩ µΩ

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