Designation: B 117 – 97

Standard Practice for

Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 3. Significance and Use

1.1 This practice describes the apparatus, procedure, and 3.1 This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-
conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog) ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion
test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used is resistance information for specimens of metals and coated
described in Appendix X1. metals exposed in a given test chamber.
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci- 3.2 Prediction of performance in natural environments has
men or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as
the interpretation to be given to the results. stand alone data.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for mance based on exposure to the test environment provided by
information and may be approximate. this practice are not always predictable.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.2 Correlation and extrapolation should be considered
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the only in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- spheric exposures have been conducted.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.3 The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the
evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the
2. Referenced Documents operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient repli-
2.1 ASTM Standards: cates should be included to establish the variability of the
B 368 Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt results. Variability has been observed when similar specimens
Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)2 are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and fied in this practice.
Related Coating Products3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water4 4. Apparatus
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated 4.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) exposure
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments3 consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of
E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing
Glass Electrode5 nozzles, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber,
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method6 struction of the apparatus are optional, provided the conditions
G 85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing7 obtained meet the requirements of this practice.
4.2 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or
cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion specimens being exposed.
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory 4.3 Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shall
Corrosion Tests. not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1997. Published November 1997. Originally
published as B 117 – 39 T. Last previous edition B 117 – 95.
4.4 Material of construction shall be such that it will not
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. affect the corrosiveness of the fog.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. 4.5 All water used for this practice shall conform to Type IV
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. water in Specification D 1193 (except that for this practice
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored). This does not
7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 B 117
apply to running tap water. All other water will be referred to supports are glass, rubber, plastic, or suitably coated wood. Bare metal
as reagent grade. shall not be used. Specimens shall preferably be supported from the
bottom or the side. Slotted wooden strips are suitable for the support of flat
5. Test Specimens panels. Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as long
as the specified position of the specimens is obtained, if necessary by
5.1 The type and number of test specimens to be used, as
means of secondary support at the bottom of the specimens.
well as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results, shall be
defined in the specifications covering the material or product 8. Salt Solution
being exposed or shall be mutually agreed upon between the 8.1 The salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving 5 6 1
purchaser and the seller. parts by mass of sodium chloride in 95 parts of water
6. Preparation of Test Specimens conforming to Type IV water in Specification D 1193 (except
that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be
6.1 Specimens shall be suitably cleaned. The cleaning ignored). The salt used shall be sodium chloride substantially
method shall be optional depending on the nature of the surface free of nickel and copper and containing on the dry basis not
and the contaminants. Care shall be taken that specimens are more than 0.1 % of sodium iodide and not more than 0.3 % of
not recontaminated after cleaning by excessive or careless total impurities. Some salts contain additives that may act as
handling. corrosion inhibitors; careful attention should be given to the
6.2 Specimens for evaluation of paints and other organic chemical content of the salt. Upon agreement between the
coatings shall be prepared in accordance with applicable purchaser and the seller, analysis may be required and limits
specification(s) for the material(s) being exposed, or as agreed established for elements or compounds not specified in the
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. Otherwise, the chemical composition given above.
test specimens shall consist of steel meeting the requirements 8.2 The pH of the salt solution shall be such that when
of Practice D 609 and shall be cleaned and prepared for coating atomized at 35°C (95°F) the collected solution will be in the
in accordance with the applicable procedure of Practice D 609. pH range from 6.5 to 7.2 (Note 3). Before the solution is
6.3 Specimens coated with paints or nonmetallic coatings atomized it shall be free of suspended solids (Note 4). The pH
shall not be cleaned or handled excessively prior to test. measurement shall be made at 25°C (77°F) using a suitable
6.4 Whenever it is desired to determine the development of glass pH-sensing electrode, reference electrode, and pH meter
corrosion from an abraded area in the paint or organic coating, system in accordance with Test Method E 70.
a scratch or scribed line shall be made through the coating with
a sharp instrument so as to expose the underlying metal before NOTE 3—Temperature affects the pH of a salt solution prepared from
testing. The conditions of making the scratch shall be as water saturated with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pH adjust-
ment may be made by the following three methods:
defined in Test Method D 1654, unless otherwise agreed upon (1) When the pH of a salt solution is adjusted at room temperature, and
between the purchaser and the seller. atomized at 35°C (95°F), the pH of the collected solution will be higher
6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the cut edges of plated, than the original solution due to the loss of carbon dioxide at the higher
coated, or duplex materials and areas containing identification temperature. When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted at room
marks or in contact with the racks or supports shall be temperature, it is therefore necessary to adjust it below 6.5 so the collected
protected with a suitable coating stable under the conditions of solution after atomizing at 35°C (95°F) will meet the pH limits of 6.5 to
7.2. Take about a 50-mL sample of the salt solution as prepared at room
the practice.
temperature, boil gently for 30 s, cool, and determine the pH. When the
NOTE 1—Should it be desirable to cut test specimens from parts or from pH of the salt solution is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.2 by this procedure, the pH
preplated, painted, or otherwise coated steel sheet, the cut edges shall be of the atomized and collected solution at 35°C (95°F) will come within
protected by coating them with paint, wax, tape, or other effective media this range.
so that the development of a galvanic effect between such edges and the (2) Heating the salt solution to boiling and cooling to 35°C (95°F) and
adjacent plated or otherwise coated metal surfaces, is prevented. maintaining it at 35°C (95°F) for approximately 48 h before adjusting the
pH produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when
7. Position of Specimens During Exposure atomized at 35°C (95°F).
(3) Heating the water from which the salt solution is prepared to 35°C
7.1 The position of the specimens in the salt spray chamber
(95°F) or above, to expel carbon dioxide, and adjusting the pH of the salt
during the test shall be such that the following conditions are solution within the limits of 6.5 to 7.2 produces a solution the pH of which
met: does not materially change when atomized at 35°C (95°F).
7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the specimens shall be NOTE 4—The freshly prepared salt solution may be filtered or decanted
supported or suspended between 15 and 30° from the vertical before it is placed in the reservoir, or the end of the tube leading from the
and preferably parallel to the principal direction of flow of fog solution to the atomizer may be covered with a double layer of cheesecloth
through the chamber, based upon the dominant surface being to prevent plugging of the nozzle.
NOTE 5—The pH can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagent
tested.
grade hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions.
7.1.2 The specimens shall not contact each other or any
metallic material or any material capable of acting as a wick. 9. Air Supply
7.1.3 Each specimen shall be so placed as to permit free 9.1 The compressed air supply to the nozzle or nozzles for
settling of fog on all specimens. atomizing the salt solution shall be free of oil and dirt (Note 6)
7.1.4 Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on any and maintained between 69 and 172 kPa/m2 (10 and 25 psi).
other specimen.
NOTE 6—The air supply may be freed from oil and dirt by passing it
NOTE 2—Suitable materials for the construction or coating of racks and through a water scrubber or at least 610 mm (2 ft) of suitable cleaning

2
 B 117
material such as sheep’s wool, excelsior, slag wool, or activated8 alumina. operating continuously except for the short daily interruptions
Commercial cartridge filters which include an expiration indicator may necessary to inspect, rearrange, or remove test specimens, to
also be used. check and replenish the solution in the reservoir, and to make
10. Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber necessary recordings as described in Section 10. Operations
shall be so scheduled that these interruptions are held to a
10.1 Temperature—The exposure zone of the salt spray minimum.
chamber shall be maintained at 35 + 1.1 − 1.7°C
(95 + 2 − 3°F). The temperature within the exposure zone of 12. Period of Exposure
the closed cabinet shall be recorded at least twice a day at least
12.1 The period of exposure shall be as designated by the
7 h apart (except on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays when the
specifications covering the material or product being tested or
salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing, rearranging, or
as mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
removing test specimens or to check and replenish the solution
in the reservoir). NOTE 10—Recommended exposure periods are to be as agreed upon
between the purchaser and the seller, but exposure periods of multiples of
NOTE 7—A suitable method to record the temperature is by a continu- 24 h are suggested.
ous recording device or by a thermometer which can be read from outside
the closed cabinet. The recorded temperature must be obtained with the 13. Cleaning of Tested Specimens
salt spray chamber closed to avoid a false low reading because of wet-bulb
effect when the chamber is open. 13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the specifications cover-
ing the material or product being tested, specimens shall be
10.2 Atomization and Quantity of Fog— At least two clean treated as follows at the end of the test:
fog collectors shall be so placed within the exposure zone that 13.1.1 The specimens shall be carefully removed.
no drops of solution from the test specimens or any other 13.2 Specimens may be gently washed or dipped in clean
source shall be collected. The collectors shall be placed in the running water not warmer than 38°C (100°F) to remove salt
proximity of the test specimens, one nearest to any nozzle and deposits from their surface, and then immediately dried.
the other farthest from all nozzles. The fog shall be such that
for each 80 cm2 (12.4 in.2) of horizontal collecting area there 14. Evaluation of Results
will be collected in each collector from 1.0 to 2.0 mL of
14.1 A careful and immediate examination shall be made as
solution per hour based on an average run of at least 16 h (Note
required by the specifications covering the material or product
8). The sodium chloride concentration of the collected solution
being tested or by agreement between the purchaser and the
shall be 5 6 1 mass % (Note 9). The pH of the collected
seller.
solution shall be 6.5 to 7.2. The pH measurement shall be made
as described in 8.2 (Note 3).
15. Records and Reports
NOTE 8—Suitable collecting devices are glass or plastic funnels with 15.1 The following information shall be recorded, unless
the stems inserted through stoppers into graduated cylinders, or crystal-
lizing dishes. Funnels and dishes with a diameter of 10 cm (3.94 in.) have
otherwise prescribed in the specifications covering the material
an area of about 80 cm2 (12.4 in.2). or product being tested:
NOTE 9—A solution having a specific gravity of 1.0255 to 1.0400 at 15.1.1 Type of salt and water used in preparing the salt
25°C (77°F) will meet the concentration requirement. The sodium solution,
chloride concentration may also be determined using a suitable salinity 15.1.2 All readings of temperature within the exposure zone
meter (for example, utilizing a sodium ion-selective glass electrode) or of the chamber,
colorimetrically as follows. Dilute 5 mL of the collected solution to 100 15.1.3 Daily records of data obtained from each fog-
mL with distilled water and mix thoroughly; pipet a 10-mL aliquot into an
evaporating dish or casserole; add 40 mL of distilled water and 1 mL of
collecting device including the following:
1 % potassium chromate solution (chloride-free) and titrate with 0.1 N 15.1.3.1 Volume of salt solution collected in millilitres per
silver nitrate solution to the first appearance of a permanent red coloration. hour per 80 cm2 (12.4 in.2),
A solution that requires between 3.4 and 5.1 mL of 0.1 N silver nitrate 15.1.3.2 Concentration or specific gravity at 35°C (95°F) of
solution will meet the concentration requirements. solution collected, and
10.3 The nozzle or nozzles shall be so directed or baffled 15.1.3.3 pH of collected solution.
that none of the spray can impinge directly on the test 15.2 Type of specimen and its dimensions, or number or
specimens. description of part,
15.3 Method of cleaning specimens before and after testing,
11. Continuity of Exposure 15.4 Method of supporting or suspending article in the salt
11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the specifications cover- spray chamber,
ing the material or product being tested, the test shall be 15.5 Description of protection used as required in 6.5,
continuous for the duration of the entire test period. Continu- 15.6 Exposure period,
ous operation implies that the chamber be closed and the spray 15.7 Interruptions in exposure, cause, and length of time,
and
15.8 Results of all inspections.
8
A suitable device for maintaining the level of liquid in either the saturator tower NOTE 11—If any of the atomized salt solution which has not contacted
or reservoir of test solution may be designed by a local engineering group, or may the test specimens is returned to the reservoir, it is advisable to record the
be purchased from manufacturers of test cabinets as an accessory. concentration or specific gravity of this solution also.

3
 B 117
16. Keywords
16.1 controlled corrosive environment; corrosive condi-
tions; determining mass loss; salt spray (fog) exposure

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS

X1.1 Cabinets TABLE X1.1 Operating Characteristics of Typical Spray Nozzle

X1.1.1 Standard salt spray cabinets are available from Siphon Air Flow, dm3/min Solution Consumption, cm3/h
Height Air Pressure, kPa Air Pressure, kPa
several suppliers, but certain pertinent accessories are required cm 34 69 103 138 34 69 103 138
before they will function according to this practice and provide 10 19 26.5 31.5 36 2100 3840 4584 5256
consistent control for duplication of results. 20 19 26.5 31.5 36 636 2760 3720 4320
30 19 26.5 31.5 36 0 1380 3000 3710
X1.1.2 The salt spray cabinet consists of the basic chamber, 40 19 26.6 31.5 36 0 780 2124 2904
an air-saturator tower, a salt solution reservoir, atomizing
nozzles, specimen supports, provisions for heating the cham- Siphon
Air Flow, Solution
ber, and suitable controls for maintaining the desired tempera- L/min Consumption, mL/h
Height,
Air Pressure, psi Air Pressure, psi
ture. in.
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20
X1.1.3 Accessories such as a suitable adjustable baffle or 4 19 26.5 31.5 36 2100 3840 4584 5256
central fog tower, automatic level control for the salt reservoir, 8 19 26.5 31.5 36 636 2760 3720 4320
12 19 26.5 31.5 36 0 1380 3000 3710
and automatic level control for the air-saturator tower are 16 19 26.6 31.5 36 0 780 2124 2904
pertinent parts of the apparatus.
X1.1.4 The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that
the atomization and quantity of collected solution is within the solution-atomized are available. The operating characteristics
limits of this practice. of a typical nozzle are given in Table X1.1.
X1.1.5 The chamber shall be made of suitably inert mate- X1.3.2 It can readily be seen that air consumption is
rials such as plastic, glass, or stone, or constructed of metal and relatively stable at the pressures normally used, but a marked
lined with impervious plastics, rubber, or epoxy-type materials reduction in solution sprayed occurs if the level of the solution
or equivalent. is allowed to drop appreciably during the test. Thus, the level
X1.1.6 All piping that contacts the salt solution or spray of the solution in the salt reservoir must be maintained
should be of inert materials such as plastic. Vent piping should automatically to ensure uniform fog delivery during the test.8
be of sufficient size so that a minimum of back pressure exists X1.3.3 If the nozzle selected does not atomize the salt
and should be installed so that no solution is trapped. The solution into uniform droplets, it will be necessary to direct the
exposed end of the vent pipe should be shielded from extreme spray at a baffle or wall to pick up the larger drops and prevent
air currents that may cause fluctuation of pressure or vacuum in them from impinging on the test specimens. Pending a com-
the cabinet. plete understanding of air-pressure effects, etc., it is important
that the nozzle selected shall produce the desired condition
X1.2 Temperature Control when operated at the air pressure selected. Nozzles are not
X1.2.1 The maintenance of temperature within the salt necessarily located at one end, but may be placed in the center
chamber can be accomplished by several methods. It is and can also be directed vertically up through a suitable tower.
generally desirable to control the temperature of the surround-
ings of the salt spray chamber and to maintain it as stable as X1.4 Air for Atomization
possible. This may be accomplished by placing the apparatus X1.4.1 The air used for atomization must be free of grease,
in a constant-temperature room, but may also be achieved by oil, and dirt before use by passing through well-maintained
surrounding the basic chamber of a jacket containing water or filters. Room air may be compressed, heated, humidified, and
air at a controlled temperature. washed in a water-sealed rotary pump, if the temperature of the
X1.2.2 The use of immersion heaters in an internal salt water is suitably controlled. Otherwise cleaned air may be
solution reservoir or of heaters within the chamber is detrimen- introduced into the bottom of a tower filled with water, through
tal where heat losses are appreciable, because of solution a porous stone or multiple nozzles. The level of the water must
evaporation and radiant heat on the specimens. be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidification.
A chamber operated in accordance with this method and
X1.3 Spray Nozzles Appendix X1 will have a relative humidity between 95 and
X1.3.1 Satisfactory nozzles may be made of hard rubber, 98 %. Since salt solutions from 2 to 6 % will give the same
plastic, or other inert materials. The most commonly used type results (though for uniformity the limits are set at 4 to 6 %), it
is made of plastic. Nozzles calibrated for air consumption and is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the

4
 B 117
chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog. Table X1.2 shows the temperatures, at different pressures, that are required

NOTE 1—u—Angle of lid, 90 to 125°

1—Thermometer and thermostat for controlling heater (Item No. 8) in base
2—Automatic water leveling device
3—Humidifying tower
4—Automatic temperature regulator for controlling heater (Item No. 5)
5—Immersion heater, nonrusting
6—Air inlet, multiple openings
7—Air tube to spray nozzle
8—Heater in base
9—Hinged top, hydraulically operated, or counterbalanced
10—Brackets for rods supporting specimens, or test table
11—Internal reservoir
12—Spray nozzle above reservoir, suitably designed, located, and baffled
12A—Spray nozzle housed in dispersion tower located preferably in center of cabinet (typical examples)
13—Water seal
14—Combination drain and exhaust. Exhaust at opposite side of test space from spray nozzle (Item 12), but preferably in combination with drain, waste
trap, and forced draft waste pipe (Items 16, 17, and 19).
16—Complete separation between forced draft waste pipe (Item 17) and combination drain and exhaust (Items 14 and 19) to avoid undesirable suction
or back pressure.
17—Forced draft waste pipe
18—Automatic leveling device for reservoir
19—Waste trap
20—Air space or water jacket
21—Test table or rack, well below roof area
NOTE 2—This figure shows the various components including alternate arrangements of the spray nozzles and solution reservoir.
FIG. X1.1 Typical Salt Spray Cabinet

5
 B 117
TABLE X1.2 Temperature and Pressure Requirements for
Operation of Test at 95°F
Air Pressure, kPa
83 96 110 124
Temperature, °C 46 47 48 49
Air Pressure, psi
12 14 16 18
Temperature, °F 114 117 119 121

NOTE 1—The controls are the same, in general as for the smaller
laboratory type cabinet (Fig. X1.1), but are sized to care for the larger
cube. The chamber has the following features:
u—Angle of ceiling, 90 to 125°
1—Heavy insulated outer panels
2—Air space
3—Low-watt density heaters, or steam coils
4—Single- or double-, full-opening door (refrigeration type), with
inward sloping door sill
5—Viewing window/s
6—Inner chamber vent
7—Inner chamber drain
8—Duct boards on floor
FIG. X1.2 Walk-in Chamber, 1.5 by 2.4 m (5 by 8 ft) and Upward FIG. X1.3 Typical Spray Nozzle
in Overall Size

to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric

pressure. ceiling. Suitably located and directed spray nozzles avoid
X1.4.2 Experience has shown that most uniform spray ceiling accumulation and drip. Nozzles may be located at the
chamber atmospheres are obtained by increasing the atomizing ceiling, or 0.91 m (3 ft) from the floor directed upward at 30 to
air temperature sufficiently to offset heat losses, except those 60° over a passageway. The number of nozzles depends on type
that can be replaced otherwise at very low-temperature gradi- and capacity and is related to the area of the test space. An 11
ents. to 19 L (3 to 5-gal) reservoir is required within the chamber,
with the level controlled. The major features of a walk-in type
X1.5 Types of Construction cabinet, which differs significantly from the laboratory type,
X1.5.1 A modern laboratory cabinet is shown in Fig. X1.1. are illustrated in Fig. X1.2. Construction of a plastic nozzle,
Walk-in chambers are usually constructed with a sloping such as is furnished by several suppliers, is shown in Fig. X1.3.

X2. USE OF THE SALT SPRAY (FOG) TEST IN RESEARCH

X2.1 This practice is primarily used for process qualifica- number of specimens required to constitute an adequate sample
tion and quality acceptance. Regarding any new applications it for test purposes. In this connection it is well to point out that
is essential to correlate the results of this practice with actual Practice B 117 is not applicable to the study or testing of
field exposure results. decorative chromium plate (nickel-chromium) on steel or on
zinc-base die castings or of cadmium plate on steel. For this
X2.2 The salt spray has been used to a considerable extent
purpose Method B 368 and Practice G 85 are available, which
for the purpose of comparing different materials or finishes. It
should be noted there is usually not a direct relation between are also considered by some to be superior for comparison of
salt spray (fog) resistance and resistance to corrosion in other chemically treated aluminum (chromated, phosphated, or an-
media, because the chemistry of the reactions, including the odized), although final conclusions regarding the validity of
formation of films and their protective value, frequently varies test results related to service experience have not been reached.
greatly with the precise conditions encountered. Informed Practice B 117 and Practice G 85 are considered to be most
personnel are aware of the erratic composition of basic alloys, useful in estimating the relative behavior of closely related
the possibility of wide variations in quality and thickness of materials in marine atmospheres, since it simulates the basic
plated items produced on the same racks at the same time, and conditions with some acceleration due to either wetness or
the consequent need for a mathematical determination of the temperature, or both.

6
 B 117

X3. EVALUATION OF CORROSIVE CONDITIONS

X3.1 General—This appendix covers test panels and pro- results that may be expected when replicate panels are run
cedures for evaluating the corrosive conditions within a salt simultaneously in a salt spray cabinet, is dependent upon
spray cabinet. The procedure involves the exposure of steel test exposure time and the panel lot or source. The interlaboratory
panels and the determination of their mass losses in a specified program yielded repeatability standard deviations, Sr, from
period of time. This may be done monthly or more frequently which 95 % repeatability limits, r, were calculated as follows
to ensure consistent operation over time. It is also useful for (see Practice E 691):
correlating the corrosive conditions among different cabinets. r 5 2.8 Sr (X3.1)

X3.2 Test Panels—The required test panels, 76 by 127 by The values of Sr andr are reported in Table X3.1. Note that
0.8 mm (3.0 by 5.0 by .0315 in.), are made from SAE 1008 the corrosion rate of steel in this environment is approximately
commercial-grade cold-rolled carbon steel (UNS G10080). constant over the exposure interval and that the ratio of the
standard deviation to the average mass loss, the coefficient of
X3.3 Preparation of Panels Before Testing—Clean panels variation, Cv, varies between 5 and 10 % with a weighted
before testing by degreasing only, so that the surfaces are free average of 7.4 % and an r of 621 % of the average mass loss.
of dirt, oil, or other foreign matter that could influence the test X3.8.2 This interlaboratory program also produced results
results. After cleaning, weigh each panel on an analytical on the reproducibility of results, that is, the consistency of mass
balance to the nearest 1.0 mg and record the mass. loss results in tests in different laboratories or in different
cabinets in the same facility. This program yielded reproduc-
X3.4 Positioning of Test Panels—Place a minimum of two ibility standard deviations SR from which 95 % reproducibility
weighed panels in the cabinet, with the 127-mm (5.0 in.) length limits, R were calculated as follows (See Practice E 691):
supported 30° from vertical. Place the panels in the proximity R 5 2.8 S R (X3.2)
of the condensate collectors. (See Section 6.)
The values of SR and R are reported in Table X3.2. Note that
X3.5 Duration of Test—Expose panels to the salt fog for 48 the ratio of standard deviation to the average mass loss, the
to 168 h. coefficient of variation, Cv, varies between 8 to 18 % with a
weighted average of 12.7 % and an R of 636 % of the average
X3.6 Cleaning of Test Panels After Exposure—After re- mass loss.
moval of the panels from the cabinet, rinse each panel X3.8.3 The mass loss of steel in this salt spray practice is
immediately with running tap water to remove salt, and rinse in dependent upon the area of steel exposed, the temperature, time
reagent grade water (see Specification D 1193, Type IV). of exposure, salt solution make up and purity, pH, spray
Chemically clean each panel for 10 min at 20 to 25°C in a fresh conditions, and the metallurgy of the steel. The procedure in
solution prepared as follows: Appendix X3 for measuring the corrosivity of neutral salt spray
Mix 1000 mL of hydrochloric acid (sp gr 1.19) with 1000 mL re-
cabinets with steel panels has no bias because the value of
agent grade water (D 1193, Type IV) and add 10 g of hexamethyl- corrosivity of the salt spray is defined only in terms of this
ene tetramine. After cleaning, rinse each panel with reagent grade practice.
water (Type IV) and dry (see 13.2).
TABLE X3.1 Repeatability Statistics
X3.7 Determining Mass Loss—Immediately after drying, NOTE 1—Based on two replicates in every test run. No. 5 number of
determine the mass loss by reweighing and subtracting panel different salt spray cabinets in test program; r 5 95 % repeatability limits,
mass after exposure from its original mass. g; Cv 5 Sr/avg, coefficient of variation, %; and Sr 5 repeatability standard
X3.7.1 Data generated in the interlaboratory study using deviations, g.
this method are available from ASTM as a Research Report.9 Test Dura-
Average
Materials Mass Sr , g Cv, % r, g No.
tion, h
Loss, g
X3.8 Precision and Bias—Steel Panel Test:
QP1 48 0.8170 0.0588 7.20 0.1646 12
X3.8.1 An interlaboratory test program using three different QP1 96 1.5347 0.1048 7.28 0.2934 12
sets of UNS G10080 steel panels, 76 by 127 by 0.8 mm (3.0 by QP1 168 2.5996 0.2498 9.61 0.6994 12
AP 48 0.7787 0.0403 5.17 0.1128 10
5.0 by .0315 in.) has shown that the repeatability of the mass AP 96 1.4094 0.0923 6.55 0.2584 10
loss of the steel panels, that is, the consistency in mass loss AP 168 2.4309 0.1594 6.56 0.4463 10
QP2 48 0.8566 0.0686 8.01 0.1921 5
QP2 96 1.5720 0.0976 6.21 0.2733 5
QP2 168 2.7600 0.2588 9.38 0.7246 5
9
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR No. G1-1003.

7
 B 117
TABLE X3.2 Reproducibility Statistics

NOTE 1—No. 5 number of different salt spray cabinets in test program;

R 5 95 % reproduciblity limits, g; Cv 5 SR/avg, coefficient of variation,
%; and SR 5 reproducibility standard deviation, g.
Average
Test Dura-
Materials Mass SR, g Cv, % R, g No.
tion, h
Loss, g
QP1 48 0.8170 0.0947 11.58 0.2652 12
QP1 96 1.5347 0.2019 14.02 0.5653 12
QP1 168 2.5996 0.3255 12.52 0.9114 12
AP 48 0.7787 0.0805 10.33 0.2254 10
AP 96 1.4094 0.1626 11.54 0.4553 10
AP 168 2.4309 0.3402 14.00 0.9526 10
QP2 48 0.8566 0.1529 17.85 0.4281 5
QP2 96 1.5720 0.1319 8.39 0.3693 5
QP2 168 2.7600 0.3873 14.03 1.0844 5

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