SPECIFICATION SHEET

IDENTIFICATION
Name of Equipment Adsorption Tank
Equipment Code AD–1
Equipment Type Fixed–Bed Adsorber
Number Required 1 unit
BASIC DESIGN DATA
Function (continuous) To adsorb impurities (xylene isomers,
isooctane)
Temperature 273°C
Pressure 14.7 psi
Hydraulic Loading 15.7 m3 feed / (m2 bed – hr.)
Flow Rate 10.316 m3/ hr.
Materials Handled Xylene isomers, isooctane
ADSORBER DESIGN
Silicalite Type MFI-type
Silicalite Bed Length 0.49 m ≈ 1.61ft
Contact Time 54 s
Silicalite Replacement 22 days
Silicalite Weight 139.117 kg
Pressure Drop 2.61156 in H2O
Adsorption Rate 𝑘𝑔
0.09573 ( )
𝑠 − 𝑚2
Silicalite Support Succession of two metal screens with sizes 14
and 80 mesh
Adsorption System Piping 4” Schedule 40 Carbon Steel Pipe
VESSEL DESIGN
Height 1.349 m ≈ 4.42 ft
Diameter 0.91463 m ≈ 3 ft
Material of Construction UNS K03005 Carbon Steel
Wall Lining Vinyl Ester
Wall Lining Thickness 35 mils
Shell Thickness 2.5 mm
Head Thickness 2.5 mm
Collector Thickness 2.5 mm
Welding Type Double–welded butt joints (spot–examined)
ADSORBER DESIGN

Technical Specification of Silicalite

(Ref: Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook 8th Ed., Gevo Incorporated, Silicalite
Specifications)
From Table 16-5. Physical Properties of Adsorbents
From Model 12 Modular Silicalite Adsorption Vessel (pg.2)

(Justification: GEVO process suggests the usage of MFI—type Silicalite as the adsorbent for
AD-1 as the adsorbent of xylene isomers or impurities of para-xylene.:
https://prezi.com/m/vgpu6w8sjaxj/conversion-of-biobutanol-to-para-xylene/

Silicalite Type : MFI—type Silicalite

Adsorptive Capacity : 169.5 mg/g
Bulk Density : 700 kg/m3
Mean Diameter : 0.1 mm
Porosity : 0.38

From Material Balance: Feed Stream

Component Mass, m Density, ϼ Volume

(kg) (kg/m3) (m3)
p-Xylene 39.09 286.16 0.13660
Isooctene 1.34 120.78 0.01109
m-xylene 1.03 288.83 0.00356
o-xylene 1.03 294.54 0.00349
Total 42.49 0.15474

From Material Balance:

Component Mass, m Density, ϼ Volume

(kg) (kg/m3) (m3)
p-Xylene 38.89 286.16 0.13590
Isooctene 0.06 120.78 0.00050
m-xylene 0.06 288.83 0.00021
o-xylene 0.06 294.54 0.00020
Total 39.07 0.13681
Silicalite Needed

(Ref: Adsorption Design Guide by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, page 2–5)

(𝐶𝑜− 𝐶𝑒 )𝑉
𝑄=
𝑤
Where:
𝑚𝑔
Q = Adsorptive Capacity of Silicalite = 169.5 𝑔

w = mass of adsorbent (g)

V = Total volume of Feed stream

𝐶𝑒 = concentration of solute remaining in solution after adsorption is complete (at

equilibrium) (mg/L

𝐶𝑜 = initial concentration of solute in the solution before adsorption takes place.

For Isooctene:

1.34 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3

𝐶𝑜 =
0.01109 𝑚 3( 𝑘𝑔
)(
1000𝑑𝑚 3) ( 𝐿
)
= 120829.58 mg/L
0.06 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3
𝐶𝑒 = ( )( )( )
0.00050 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 1000𝑑𝑚3 𝐿
= 120000 mg/L
(𝐶𝑜− 𝐶𝑒 )𝑉
𝑄=
𝑤

mg 𝑚𝑔 1000 𝐿
( 120829.58 − 120000 )(0.15474 𝑚3 )( )
L 𝐿 1𝑚3
169.5 mg/g = 𝑊

w = 757.34 g silicalite
For m-xylene:

1.03 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3

𝐶𝑜 =
0.00356 𝑚 3( 𝑘𝑔
)(
1000𝑑𝑚 3) ( 𝐿
)
= 289325.84 mg/L
0.06 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3
𝐶𝑒 = ( ) ( ) ( )
0.00021 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 1000𝑑𝑚3 𝐿
= 285714.29 mg/L

(𝐶𝑜− 𝐶𝑒 )𝑉
𝑄=
𝑤

mg 𝑚𝑔 1000 𝐿
( 289325.84 − 285714.29 )(0.15474 𝑚3 )( )
L 𝐿 1𝑚3
169.5 mg/g = 𝑊

w = 3297.06 g silicalite

For o-xylene:

1.03 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3

𝐶𝑜 = ( )( )( )
0.00349 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 1000𝑑𝑚3 𝐿
= 383954.15 mg/L
0.06 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3
𝐶𝑒 = ( ) ( ) ( )
0.00020 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 1000𝑑𝑚3 𝐿

= 300000 mg/L

(𝐶𝑜− 𝐶𝑒 )𝑉
𝑄=
𝑤

mg 𝑚𝑔 1000 𝐿
( 383954.15 − 300000 )(0.15474 𝑚3 )( )
L 𝐿 1𝑚3
169.5 mg/g = 𝑊

w = 76643.45 g silicalite
For p-xylene:

39.09 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3

𝐶𝑜 =
0.13660𝑚 3( 𝑘𝑔
)(
1000𝑑𝑚 3) ( 𝐿
)
= 286163.98 mg/L
38.89 𝑘𝑔 106 𝑚𝑔 𝑚3 𝑑𝑚3
𝐶𝑒 = ( ) ( ) ( )
0.13590 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔 1000𝑑𝑚3 𝐿
= 286166.30 mg/L

(𝐶𝑒− 𝐶𝑜 )𝑉
𝑄=
𝑤

mg 𝑚𝑔 1000 𝐿
( 286166.30 − 286163.98 )(0.15474 𝑚3 )( )
L 𝐿 1𝑚3
169.5 mg/g = 𝑊

w = 2.11 g silicalite

Total Silicalite Needed = msilicalite for m-xylene + msilicalite for o-xylene + msilicalite for p-xylene + msilicalite for
isooctene

Total Silicalite Needed = 757.34 g + 3297.06 g + 76643.45 g + 2.11 g

Total Silicalite Needed = 80699.96 g = 80.70 kg

Volume of MFI-type Silicalite

(Ref: Adsorption Design Guide by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 3 – 3)

𝑆𝑈𝑅∙𝑡 ∗ ∙S.F.
Vsilicalite = 𝜌
𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒(𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘)

Where; S. F. = 2.5

𝑡 ∗ = Maximum usable time of adsorbent (Change out Period)

Then:

Maximum usable time of adsorbent per unit is 22 days

Change out Period / Silicalite Replacement in Unit, 𝑡 ∗ = 22 days

 (Ref: Process Design Manual for Adsorption by Swindell–Dressler Company)

S. F. = 2.5

Therefore:

(80.70 kg 𝑥 2.5 𝑥 22)

Vsilicalite = 𝑘𝑔
700 3
𝑚

Vsilicalite = 6.34 m3

Mass of Silicalite Needed for continuous operation after change out period

ms = Vsilicalite 𝑥 𝜌𝑏

𝑘𝑔
ms = 6.34m3 𝑥 (700 )
𝑚3

ms = 4438 kg

Average Density Feed Stream

𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 4438 kg 𝒌𝒈
𝜌𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = = 28680.37
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 0.15474 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑

Void Fraction 𝜺 for Fixed Bed

Assume 𝜀 = 0.38

(Ref: ChE Handbook 7th Edition, Sec 16–11, Eq. 16–1)

(Ref: ChE Handbook 7th Edition, Sec 16–11, Eq. 16–1)
𝜌𝑝 = 𝜌𝑠 (1 – 𝜀 p)

𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑠 = 2400 𝑚3

(Ref: ChE Handbook 7th Edition, Sec 2–12, Table 2–1)

𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑝 = 2400 𝑚3 (1 – 0.38)

𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑝 = 1488 𝑚3

𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝐵 = 700 𝑚3

(Ref: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Acclaim 120 C18 Carbon Specification)

 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
1488 −700 3
𝑚3 𝑚
𝜀= 𝑘𝑔
1488 3
𝑚

𝜀 = 0.5

Since the computed value for the void fraction 𝜀 for fixed bed is within the range of 0.3 – 0.5,

therefore it is valid.

Computation of Reynold’s Number

𝐷𝑉𝑠 𝜌𝜀
NRE =
𝜇

Where:

𝑚 𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑠 = Superficial Velocity 1.75 × 10-3 ≈5.74 × 10-3 , Linear flow velocity
𝑠 𝑠
(Ref: The Chemistry and Technology of Furfural and its many by products, p.234)

𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = Average Density of Feed Stream = 28680.37 𝑚3

𝜀 = Void Fraction = 0.38

𝑙𝑏
𝜇 = Viscosity of Feed 0.071 cP ≈ 4.77 × 10-5
𝑓𝑡−𝑠

𝐷 = Diameter of Particle = 0.1 mm (From Table 16-5. Physical Properties of Adsorbents)

𝑚 𝑘𝑔
0.1× 10−3 𝑚 ×1.75×10−3 𝑥28680.37 3 ×0.38
𝑠 𝑚
NRE = 0.001 𝑃𝑎−𝑠
0.071 𝑐𝑃 × 1 𝑐𝑃

NRE = 26.86

*Since 0.0015 < NRE < 55,

Computation for NSC:

𝜇
NSC =
𝜌 𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎,𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒−𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
 Where:

𝑙𝑏
𝜇 = Viscosity of Feed 0.071 cP ≈ 4.77 × 10-5
𝑓𝑡−𝑠

𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = Average Density of Feed Stream, 28680.37 𝑚3

𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎,𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒−𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = Diffusivity

(Ref: Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering by McCabe and Smith 6th Ed. pg. 521)

1/2
(𝜌𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑀𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒 ) 𝑇
𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎,𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒−𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 7.4 × 10-8 0.6
𝜇(𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 )

𝑘𝑔 1/2
(286.16 ×106.16 ) (273+273)𝐾
𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 7.4 × 10-8 0.6
460881.9144 𝑚3
0.071 𝑐𝑃 × ( )
𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

𝑐𝑚2
= 2.50206 × 10-3
𝑠

0.001 𝑃𝑎−𝑠
0.071 𝑐𝑃 ×
1 𝑐𝑃
NSC =
𝑘𝑔 𝑐𝑚2 1𝑚 2
28680.37 3 × 2.50206 × 10−3 ×( )
𝑚 𝑠 100𝑐𝑚

NSC = 0.009894

Computation of Sherwood’s Number

1.09
NSh = × (𝑁𝑅𝐸 )0.33 × (𝑁𝑆𝐶 )0.33
𝜀

1.09
NSh = 0.38 × (0.25719)0.33 × (0.009894)0.33

NSh = 0.3995

Mass Transfer Equations:

 Mass Transfer Coefficient, kF

(Ref: ChE Handbook 7th Edition, Sec 16–23)

 𝑁𝑆ℎ × 𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎,𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑒−𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒
kF =
𝐷𝑝

𝑐𝑚2 1𝑚 2
1.85241 ×2.50206× 10−3 𝑠 × (100𝑐𝑚)
kF =
0.0001
𝒎
kF = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒔

 Mass Transfer Rate

(Ref: ChE Handbook 7th Edition, Sec 16–25)

𝑁𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = kF (𝐶 A2 – 𝐶 A1)

Where:

𝑘𝑔
𝑁𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = mass transfer rate( )
𝑠−𝑚2

𝑚
kF = mass transfer coefficient ( )
𝑠

𝑘𝑔
𝐶 A1 = initial impurities concentration in feed ( )
𝑚3

𝑘𝑔
𝐶 A2 = final impurities concentration in feed ( )
𝑚3

3.4 𝑘𝑔 1000 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔 1 𝑚3

𝐶 A1 = x x x
0.15474𝑚3 1 𝑘𝑔 1𝑔 1000 𝐿
𝑚𝑔 𝑘𝑔
= 21970.92084 ≈ 21.97092 3
𝐿 𝑚

0.18 𝑘𝑔 1000 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔 1 𝑚3

𝐶 A2 = x x x
0.13681 𝑚3 1 𝑘𝑔 1𝑔 1000 𝐿
𝑚𝑔 𝑘𝑔
= 1315.69330 ≈ 1.31569 3
𝐿 𝑚

𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑁𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 4.63485𝑥10−3 (21.97092 𝑚3 − 1.31569 𝑚3 )
𝑠
𝒌𝒈
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟕𝟑 (𝒔−𝒎𝟐 )
Contact Time per Feed Volume

(Ref: Adsorption Design Guide by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, page 3-7)

Contact Time per Feed Volume

Total Area of Adsorber

𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
Aadsorber =
𝑁×𝑡

3.4 𝑘𝑔
0.6570 = 𝑘𝑔
0.09573 (𝑠−𝑚2 ) × 30𝑠

Aadsorber = 1.183885 m2

Diameter of Adsorber

𝐴𝑎𝑑𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑟 ×4
Dadsorber = √
𝜋

1.183885 ×4
=√
𝜋

Dadsorber = 1.22775 m = 4.02702 ft

Length of Bed
 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑑
Lbed = 𝑉𝐿
𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑑 HL =
𝐴𝑎𝑑𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑟
0.32196 𝑚3
Lbed =
1.183885 𝑚2 0.15474 𝑚3
HL =
1.183885 𝑚2
Lbed = 0.271952 m ≈ 0.892 ft
HL = 0.130705 m ≈ 0.4287 ft

Height of Liquid

Pressure Drop

(Ref: Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering by McCabe et.al, eq. 7.17, p.159)

2
∆𝑃 150Ṽ 𝜇 (1−𝜀)
=𝑔 𝜃 2𝑜𝐷 2 𝜀3
, Kozeny – Carman Equation
𝐿 𝑐 𝑠 𝑝

Where:

∆𝑃 = Pressure Differential

L = 0.271952 m ≈ 0.892 ft, Bed Length

𝑚 𝑓𝑡
Ṽ𝑜 = 1.75 × 10-3 ≈5.74 × 10-3 , Linear flow velocity
𝑠 𝑠
(Ref: The Chemistry and Technology of Furfural and its many by products, p.234)

𝑙𝑏
𝜇 = 0.071 cP ≈ 4.77 × 10-5 , viscosity
𝑓𝑡−𝑠

(Ref: The Chemistry and Technology of Furfural and its many by products, p.234)

𝐷𝑝 = 0.1mm ≈ 0.000328𝑓𝑡, Particle Diameter

𝜀 = 0.38, Porosity of adsorbent

𝜃𝑠 = 0.85, Sphericity of silicalite adsorbent

(Ref: McCabe and Smith, T. 7.1, p.164)

𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 274.58963 ≈ 17.15040 𝑙𝑏𝑚 /𝑓𝑡 3 , average density of feed stream
𝑚3
 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏
150 (5.74 × 10−3 )(4.77 × 10−5 ) 2
𝑠 𝑓𝑡−𝑠 (1−0.38)
∆𝑃 = 0.892 ft ft ( 𝑙𝑏𝑚∙𝑓𝑡 )
(32.2 )(0.85)2 (0.000328𝑓𝑡)2 0.383
𝑙𝑏𝑓∙𝑠2

𝑙𝑏𝑓 1𝑓𝑡 2
∆𝑃 =102.5363 (
𝑓𝑡 2 12𝑖𝑛
)

∆𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟐 psi ≈ 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟔 in H2O

Design data

Internal Lining : Vinyl Ester (35mils); for better abrasion resistance

(Ref: Adsorption Design Guide by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, page 44-45)

Carbon Support : The bed is supported at the bottom by two metal screens placed in

succession with sizes 14 and 80 mesh supported by steel grid and

support bars.

(Ref: Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design by Walas, page 19)
Inlet Distributor : Inlet flow distributor will be used for equal distribution of feed in

the activated carbon bed.

Effluent Collector : An inverted 45 degree cone will be used at the bottom of the

silicalite bed for an efficient collection of the effluent that is

connected to a 4” Schedule 40 Carbon Steel Pipe.

(Ref: Process Design Manual for Adsorption, page 3-11)

Height of Collector

3×𝑉
h=
𝜋(𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 +𝑅×𝑟)

Where:

h = height of collector

V = Volume of feed
 R = Radius of the larger base 1.22775/2 = 0.613875 m

r = Radius of the smaller base 0.094442 m

3 × 0.15475 𝑚3
h= =
𝜋(0.6138752 𝑚2 +0.0944422 𝑚2 +0.613875𝑚×0.094442𝑚)

= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟐 𝐦 ≈ 1.0923 ft

Maximum allowable pressure for the collector

𝑔
Pcollector = Patm + 𝜌hcollector
𝑔𝑐

𝑘𝑔 𝑚
Pcollector = 101325 Pa + 274.58963 (𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟐 m) (9.8m 2 )
𝑚3 𝑠

Pcollector = 102221.15 Pa ≈ 1.0088 ≈atm ≈ 14.83psi

Material of Construction

Carbon Steel UNS K03005 with 30 mils vinyl ester lining

(Ref: Adsorption Design Guide by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)

Tensile Strength: 415 Mpa (60,207.25 psi)

(Ref: ChE Handbook, 8th ed. Table 25-5, p. 25-30)

Factor of Safety = 5

Maximum Allowable Working Stress

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 S𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Sw =
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 Safety

415𝑀𝑃𝑎
Sw = = 83.00 MPa (12,041.45 psi)
5

Collector Thickness

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑀
tc = + Cc
2(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)SE

Where;
 Ei = 1.0, Efficiency of the joint

Cc = 1/16 in., Corrosion allowance

M = arithmetic mean diameter of cone

A = half the cone apex angle; 45 degrees

𝑙𝑏𝑓 12(4.02702) 𝑖𝑛 + 12(0.61954)𝑖𝑛

𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟑 × 1
𝑖𝑛2 2
tc = 𝑙𝑏𝑓 + 𝑖𝑛
2(cos 45) 12,041.45 2 ×1.0 16
𝑖𝑛

=0.087 in (2.2 mm) ≈ 𝟐. 𝟓𝒎𝒎

Height of Adsorber

Since a 10% allowance will be added at the top

Hadsorber = 1.10HL + Lbed + h

Hadsorber = 1.10 × 0.130705 m + 0.271952 m + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟐 m

Hadsorber = 0.74875 m ≈ 2.45589 ft

Maximum Allowable Internal Pressure of the adsorber

𝑔 𝑚𝑠 𝑔
Pmax = Patm + 𝜌Hliquid +
𝑔𝑐 𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑑

𝑚
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 139.11715 𝑘𝑔 × 9.8 2
𝑠
Pmax = 101325 Pa + 274.58963 (0.130705 m) 9.8 +
𝑚3 𝑠2 1.183885 𝑚2

Pmax = 102828.31 Pa ≈ 1.0148365 atm ≈ 14.9181 psi

Shell Thickness

ASME vessel design for cylindrical shell

𝑃𝑟𝑖
ts = + Cc
Sw 𝐸𝑗 −0.6𝑃

Where;
 Ej = 0.85, double – welded butt joints (spot – examined)

ri = DT/2 = 1.22775 m/2 = 0.613875 m (24.16212 in)

Cc = 1/16 in., Corrosion allowance

𝑙𝑏𝑓
(𝟏𝟒.𝟗𝟏𝟖𝟏 )(24.16212𝑖𝑛) 1
𝑖𝑛2
ts = 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑙𝑏𝑓 + in
(12,041.45 2 )(0.85)−0.6(14.9181 2 ) 16
𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛

ts = 0.09775in (2.483 mm) ≈ 2.5 mm

Head/Bottom Thickness

ASME vessel design for ellipsoidal head

𝑃𝐷
𝑇
th = 2S 𝐸 −0.2𝑃 + Cc
w 𝑖

Where;

Ei = 1.0, welding efficiency (seamless)

Cc = 1/16in., Corrosion allowance

𝑙𝑏𝑓 1𝑓𝑡 12𝑖𝑛

(14.9181 )(1.22775 𝑚 × × ) 1
𝑖𝑛2 0.3048 𝑚 1𝑓𝑡
th = 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑙𝑏𝑓 + in
2(12,041.45 2 )(1.0)−0.2(14.9181 2 ) 16
𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛

th = 0.092446 in (2.3 mm) ≈ 2.5 mm

To have a uniform thickness adsorber, the head and bottom thickness of the adsorber

would be the same as the shell which is 2.5 mm.

Hydraulic Loading

𝑉
HL = 𝑡 ∗𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝐴 𝑏𝑒𝑑

0.15474 𝑚3
= ℎ𝑟 𝜋(1.227752 )
36 𝑠 ( )( )
3600 𝑠 4

𝒎𝟑 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒅
= 13.07052 𝒎𝟐 𝒃𝒆𝒅−𝒉𝒓

Flow Rate
𝑉𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑑
Fl = 𝑡

0.15474 𝑚3
= ℎ𝑟
36 𝑠 ( )
3600 𝑠

= 15.474 m3/ hr.