Passive Voice

Relative Pronouns

• Discussing Creative Works • Securing Services

• Describing Tasks Accomplished • Automobile Repairs
• Discussing Things That Have • Historical Narratives
Happened to People • Discussing Opinions
• Describing Accomplishments

VOCABULARY PREVIEW

1. bicyclist 6. flowerpot 11. poodle

2. casserole 7. identification card 12. puddle
3. courier 8. invention 13. sidewalk
4. decorations 9. mural 14. uniform
5. dinosaur skeleton 10. pickpocket 15. windowsill

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 This Is a Very Scary Short Story!

Edgar Allan Poe wrote this short story.

This short story was written by Edgar Allan Poe.

A. This is a very scary short story!

B. I think so, too.

A. Who wrote it?

B. I’m not sure. I think it was written by Edgar Allan Poe.

A. This is a very elegant uniform!

B. I think so, too.

A. Who wore it?

B. I’m not sure. I think it was worn by Napoleon.

1. This is a very old airplane! 2. This is a beautiful sonata!

fly • the Wright Brothers compose • Mozart
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 3. This is really a fascinating movie! 4. This is a very funny political cartoon!
direct • Fellini draw • Richard Hill

5. This is a very interesting invention! 6. This is a magnificent portrait!

invent • Thomas Edison paint • Rembrandt

7. This is an amazing dinosaur skeleton! 8. This is an impressive building!

find • archeologists in Asia design • Frank Lloyd Wright

9. This is a very good photograph of you! 10. This is a very sad poem!
take • Uncle George write • Shakespeare

11. This is an extremely colorful mural! 12. This is a delicious tuna casserole!
do • the students at Central High School make • Millie Swensen
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 It’s Already Been Written

Somebody has written the report.

The report has been written.
Somebody has hung up the decorations.
The decorations have been hung up.

A. Do you want me to write the accident report?

B. No. Don’t worry about it. It’s already been written.

A. Do you want me to hang up the decorations?

B. No. Don’t worry about it. They’ve already been hung up.

1. sweep the floor 2. do the dishes

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 3. set the alarm 4. set up the meeting room

5. give out the paychecks 6. distribute the mail

7. make the beds in Room 219 8. hide the teacher’s birthday present

9. take out the trash 10. send the packages

11. feed the monkeys 12. sing the National Anthem

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 Have You Heard About . . . ?

A. Have you heard about Helen?

B. No, I haven’t. What happened?

A. She was given a raise last week.

B. That’s great! That’s the second time

she’s been given a raise this year!

A. Have you heard about Henry?

B. No, I haven’t. What happened?

A. He was hurt during a football game

last week.
B. That’s terrible! That’s the second time
he’s been hurt during a football game
this year!

1. Maria 2. our mail carrier 3. Aunt Martha

promoted bitten by a dog invited to the White
House

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 4. Stuart 5. Mr. and Mrs. Tyler 6. Jennifer
hit by a car robbed offered a movie contract

7. Frank 8. Mrs. Mendoza 9. Arthur

fired taken to the hospital rejected by the army

10. Diane 11. Albert 12.

sent to Honolulu on chosen “Employee of the
business Month”

Reacting to Good News Reacting to Bad News

That’s great! That’s terrible!
That’s fantastic! That’s awful!
That’s wonderful! That’s a shame!
That’s great news! That’s a pity!
That’s fantastic news! That’s too bad!
That’s wonderful news! What a shame!
I’m happy to hear that! What a pity!
I’m glad to hear that! How awful!
I’m sorry to hear that!
Practice the conversations in this lesson again. React to good and bad news in
different ways.

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 READING
ALAN ALMOST DIDN’T GET TO WORK THIS MORNING

Alan almost didn’t get to work this morning. As he was leaving his
apartment building, he was hit on the head by a flowerpot that had just
fallen from a windowsill. As he was walking to the bus stop, he was bitten
by a dog, stung* by a bee, and splashed by a car that had just driven through
a puddle. And while he was waiting for the bus, he was almost run over by
a bicyclist who was riding on the sidewalk.

While he was riding on the bus, his wallet was stolen by a pickpocket
who was standing behind him. All his money and identification cards were
taken. As he was walking into his office building, he was accidentally
knocked down by the courier who delivers the overnight mail. And when
Alan finally arrived at work an hour late, he was yelled at by a manager who
was in a very bad mood.

Poor Alan! What a way to begin the day!

* sting – stung – stung

READING CHECK-UP
TRUE, FALSE, OR MAYBE?
Answer True, False, or Maybe (if the answer isn’t in
the story).

1. As Alan was leaving his apartment building, he was

hit on the head by a windowsill.
2. As he was walking to the bus stop, a dog bit him, a Have you ever had a bad
bee stung him, and a car splashed him. day when everything
3. A bicyclist almost hit Alan. went wrong? When?
4. Alan had a lot of money in his wallet. How did you feel?
5. Alan accidentally knocked down the courier who What happened?
delivers the overnight mail.
6. Alan was yelled at because he wasn’t on time for work.

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 READING

A VERY EXCITING YEAR

In January Amelia was hired as a

secretary by the Inter-Tel Company, which
makes international telephone equipment.
In March she was sent to school by the
company to study statistics and
information technology. In April she was
given a raise. Just two months later, she
was promoted to the position of supervisor
of her department.

In August she was chosen “Employee of

the Month,” which is a great honor at
Inter-Tel. In October she was given
another raise. In November she was
invited to apply for a position in the
company’s overseas office in Bangkok. And
in December she was given the new job and
was flown to Thailand to begin work.

Amelia certainly has had a very exciting

year. She can’t believe all the wonderful
things that have happened to her since she
was hired just twelve months ago.

READING CHECK-UP
CHOOSE
1. The interviewer liked Amelia’s resume, so 4. In December she was sent overseas
she was given the . her company.
a. raise a. as
b. position b. by
2. After Amelia had worked at the company 5. Over one hundred people had the
for five months, she was . position in Bangkok.
a. promoted a. been invited to
b. hired b. applied for
3. In August Amelia was “Employee of 6. Many wonderful things have happened to
the Month.” Amelia since she was twelve
a. chosen months ago.
b. given a. hired
b. fired

Tell about things that have happened to

you during the past twelve months.
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 It’s Being Repaired Right Now

Somebody is repairing my computer.

My computer is being repaired.

A. Hello. Is this Carol’s Computer Repair Shop?

B. Yes, it is. Can I help you?

A. Yes, please. This is Mr. Lopez. I’m calling about my computer.

Has it been repaired yet?

B. Not yet. It’s being repaired right now.

A. I see. Tell me, when can I pick it up?

B. It’ll be ready in about an hour.

A. Thank you.
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 A. Hello. Is this ?

B. Yes, it is. Can I help you?

A. Yes, please. This is . I’m calling about my .

(Has it / Have they) been yet?

B. Not yet. (It’s / They’re) being right now.

A. I see. Tell me, when can I pick (it / them) up?

B. (It’ll / They’ll) be ready in about an hour.

A. Thank you.

1. Ms. Evans 2. Ted Clark

VCR • fix pants • take in

3. Mrs. Withers 4. Glen Burns

will • rewrite poodle • clip

5. Jennifer Wu 6.
wedding cake • make

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 READING

JOE’S AUTO REPAIR SHOP

Wilma Jones has been having a lot of

trouble with her car recently, so she decided
to take it to Joe’s Auto Repair Shop to be
fixed. The car is being repaired there right
now, and it is receiving a LOT of attention
from Joe and the other mechanics at his
shop.

The engine is being tuned up. The oil is

being changed. The battery is being charged.
The brakes are being adjusted. The front
bumper is being repaired. The broken
headlight is being replaced. The hood is
being repainted. The tires are being checked.
And the broken rear window is being fixed.

Wilma is aware that she’ll probably be

charged a lot of money for these repairs. But
she’s confident that her car will be returned
to her in excellent condition by the fine
people who work at Joe’s Auto Repair Shop.

READING CHECK-UP

Wilma Jones is calling Joe’s Auto Repair Shop to find out about her car. Using this model,
make questions and answers based on the story.
A. Have you tuned up the engine yet?
B. It’s being tuned up right now.

LISTENING
Listen and choose the best line to continue the conversation.
1. a. Do you want me to send them? 5. a. When will Mrs. Green begin working?
b. Who sent them? b. When will Mr. Fleming begin working?
2. a. Do you want me to make them? 6. a. When will Mrs. Davis start her new job?
b. Who made them? b. When will Ms. Clark start her new job?
3. a. Was your cat hurt badly? 7. a. Oh, good. I’ll pick it up in an hour.
b. Was your dog hurt badly? b. Oh, good. Call me when it’s been fixed.
4. a. Is she going to go? 8. a. Oh, good. I’ll pick it up right now.
b. Is he going to go? b. Oh, good. I’ll pick it up when it’s ready.

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 TALK ABOUT IT! What’s Your Opinion?

Answers should be written in your notebook.

Students should be required to take an examination.
Camping shouldn’t be allowed in public parks.

Talk about these issues with other students.

1. Should your native language be spoken 3. Should high school students be required
during English class? to do community service?

2. Should students be allowed to use 4. Should young men and women be required
dictionaries in class? to serve in the armed forces?

5. Should animals be used for medical 6. Should skateboarding be permitted on city

research? streets and sidewalks?

7. Should camping be permitted in public 8. Should children be allowed to see any

parks? movies they want to?
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 READING
A NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK

This building, which is the original headquarters

of the Lord and Lady Department Store Company,
 was designed by the famous architect
Archibald Morgan. It was built by the
Vanderpool Construction Company. Construction
was begun in 1845 and was completed in 1847.
The building was officially opened in ceremonies
that were held on April 13, 1847. These
ceremonies were attended by the mayors of
several cities, the governor, and the
vice president of the United States.

The building’s interior was destroyed by a fire

that broke out in the early hours of the
morning of February 3, 1895. After the fire, the
building wasn’t used for several years.

During World War I the structure was used

as a warehouse for clothing and other materials
that were sent to our soldiers overseas. After
the war, the interior was rebuilt. Electric lights
and modern plumbing were installed, and the
Lord and Lady Department Store was officially
reopened on June 17, 1921.

Since its opening day, the Lord and Lady

Department Store has been considered one of the
finest examples of nineteenth-century American
architecture. The store has been visited by the
presidents and prime ministers of many countries.

On December 5, 1973, this building was

officially registered as a
U.S. National Historic Landmark.

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 READING CHECK-UP
WHAT’S THE ANSWER?
1. Who was the building designed by? 8. What was the building used for during
2. Who was the building built by? World War I?
3. When was construction begun? 9. When was the interior rebuilt?
4. When was it completed? 10. When was the building reopened?
5. When was the building officially opened? 11. Since its opening day, what has the
6. Who were the opening ceremonies building been considered?
attended by? 12. What happened on December 5, 1973?
7. What happened on February 3, 1895?

CHOOSE
1. Cable TV service was in my 4. The construction has been completed,
apartment this afternoon. and now the store can be .
a. opened a. rebuilt
b. installed b. reopened
2. Our high school prom was by all 5. Our City Hall is by many tourists
the students in our class. because it’s a very historic building.
a. attended a. visited
b. visited b. registered
3. The factory downtown was by the 6. Their wedding ceremony wasn’t
fire. outside because it rained.
a. rebuilt a. considered
b. destroyed b. held

IN YOUR OWN WORDS

FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION

Tell a story about the history of the place

where you were born or a place where
you have lived. You might want to use
some of the following words in your story:

attacked discovered
begun founded
built invaded
captured liberated
closed opened
conquered rebuilt
destroyed settled

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 PRONUNCIATION Reduced Auxiliary Verbs

Listen. Then say it. Say it. Then listen.

The engine is being tuned. The oil is being changed.

The brakes are being adjusted. The tires are being checked.

The store has been rebuilt. The construction has been completed.

Write in your journal about students’ rights and

responsibilities in your school. What are
students required to do? What are they allowed
to do? What are they not allowed to do?

GRAMMAR FOCUS
PASSIVE VOICE RELATIVE PRONOUNS

This short story was written by Edgar Allan Poe. He was hit by a flowerpot that had just fallen.
The decorations have been hung up. He was knocked down by the courier who
My computer is being repaired. delivers the overnight mail.
Students should be required to take an examination. She was hired by the Inter-Tel company, which
Camping shouldn’t be allowed in public parks. makes international telephone equipment.

Choose the correct word.

1. I really like this photograph of you. I think ( it’s being it was ) taken by Dad.
2. You don’t need to make the bed. It’s already ( was been ) made.
3. My wife just got a big promotion. It’s the second time ( she’s been she has ) promoted this year.
4. The floor has ( swept been swept ), the decorations have ( hung up been hung up ), and the
meeting room ( is being has ) set up right now.
5. These are very funny cartoons. I think they ( have were ) drawn by Richard Dawson.
6. The package to Honolulu has already ( sent been sent ). It ( has was ) sent this morning.
7. A truck almost ( ran over has been run over ) a bicyclist on Main Street this morning.
8. The tires on your car ( are have ) already ( been be ) checked, and the mechanics are
( being adjusted adjusting ) the brakes right now.
9. What’s your opinion? Should students ( allow be allowed ) to use dictionaries in English class?
10. The new museum was designed by the architect ( who which ) had designed the public library.
11. After my accident, I was taken to a new hospital ( who that ) had just opened the week before.
12. I was sent by my company on a business trip to Nairobi, ( that which ) is the largest city in Kenya.
13. A. This is Ms. Chen. I’m calling about the computer ( that who ) I brought in last week.
B. Sorry. It hasn’t ( being been ) fixed yet. It’s ( being been ) fixed right now.

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 Feature Article Global Exchange
Fact File Listening
Around the World Fun with Idioms
Interview What Are They
We’ve Got Mail! Saying?

Volume 4 Number 1

Inventions That Changed the World

Famous Inventions and Their Inventors Time Line of Major
The first known antibiotic, penicillin, was
Inventions
discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It was
made from a mold called penicillin, which could
kill bacteria. Since then, many other antibiotics
have been discovered. Millions of lives have been
saved by these antibiotics.

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German

professor, Wilhelm Roentgen. People all over the
world were amazed by his invention, the X-ray
machine. This invention was so important that
Roentgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1901.
The screw was created over 2000 years ago. It
was invented by a Greek named Archimedes. It was
first used for watering fields. A person turned the
giant wooden screw, which pulled water from lakes
or rivers and sent it into fields. The water was used
for irrigating crops. Much later, in the 1600s,
screws were made by carpenters to hold things together. Today the screw
is mass-produced and has an unlimited number of uses.

The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham

Bell, a doctor and speech teacher for the deaf. The first
phone call was made by Bell in 1876. He had spilled acid
on his pants and wanted his assistant, Thomas Watson, to
help him. The first words spoken on the telephone were
“Mr. Watson, come here! I need you!”

Television was invented in 1926 by John Logie

Baird, a Scottish inventor. Baird’s television
certainly didn’t look like a television today! It was
made out of a box, knitting needles, a cake tin, a
bicycle lamp, and a cardboard disc. Electronic
televisions like the ones we have today were
invented by Vladimir Zworykin in the 1920s in the United States.

The first computer was built in 1946 by two American The wheel was invented about
engineers, J. Presper Eckert, Jr., and John W. Mauchly. It 3500 B.C. The first bicycle was
was developed for the army, and it was so large that it took ridden in France in 1791. When
up an entire room! Later, in 1971, the “microchip” was was the first microscope
invented, and small home computers were first produced invented? What happened in
for personal use. Today computers are involved in almost 1876? Talk with other students
about these major inventions.
everything we do and are found almost everywhere we go.

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 Ancient and Modern Wonders of the World

The Pyramids were built as tombs The Colosseum in Rome, Italy, was Machu Picchu was built high in the
for the kings of ancient Egypt more completed in 80 A.D. It was built as Andes Mountains of Peru by Incas
than 5000 years ago. They were an amphitheater, a place for people during the period 1460 to 1470 A.D.
constructed without machines and to go to be entertained. Fights Experts believe it was constructed
with very few tools. The kings between gladiators, fights with for religious purposes. It was
were buried with many jewels, beasts such as lions and tigers, and abandoned in the 1500s, but no one
furniture, and personal treasures. other battles were held there. knows why.

Stonehenge is a group of huge The Taj Mahal in India was The Temple of Angkor Wat in
stones that were erected in England constructed by order of Shah Jahan Cambodia is one of the largest
during the period 2800 to 1800 B.C. in the 17th century. It was designed religious structures in the world. It
No one knows who it was built by or as a tomb for his favorite wife, who was constructed in the 12th century
why. Some people think it was used had died giving birth to their child. It and took about 30 years to build.
as a sundial to follow the position of was built by 20,000 men from many The temple was dedicated to the
the sun. Others think it might have different countries. It is considered Hindu god Vishnu. Today the site is
been built as a temple for one of the most beautiful tombs in being repaired and preserved by the
worshipping the sun. the world. United Nations and many countries.

The Great Wall of China was Tenochtitlan, an elaborate city in The Panama Canal was constructed
begun in the 3rd century B.C., and Mexico, was established in in Panama to connect the Atlantic
it wasn’t completed until hundreds 1325 A.D. It was built on an island and Pacific Oceans. In 1901, the
of years later. The wall was rebuilt, in the middle of a lake. According United States was given permission
strengthened, and enlarged in the to legend, the Aztecs were told by to build the canal. It was opened on
centuries that followed. It is an omen, or sign, to construct the August 15, 1914. The canal is used
estimated to be about 6000 city there. It was inhabited by by more than 9000 ships a year, and
kilometers in length. It is said that 200,000 to 300,000 people. it is maintained by approximately
the Great Wall is even visible from Mexico City is located on its ruins. 8000 workers.
the moon!
Which of these wonders would you like to visit? Why? What are some other wonders of the
ancient or modern world that you know about?

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 So did you go to photography
school?
A Side by Side Gazette reporter recently
interviewed international photojournalist Yes, and I was chosen by my teachers
Sam Turner. Sam has been taking news as one of the most promising students
photographs for twenty years. His photos in the school. One of my photos was
have been published in newspapers and selected for a national photo
magazines all over the world. competition, and it won an award.
What has been the most
Sam, can you tell us a little about yourself? memorable event in your life?
Sure. Both my parents are American, but I was born in I was invited by a group of mountain
Sydney, Australia. My parents both worked for a big climbers to travel with them to Mt.
American bank, and they were transferred to Australia just Everest and take their photographs at
before I was born. My parents and I spent a lot of time the base camp at the bottom of the
exploring Australia during our vacations. I was very mountain. They were wonderful
influenced by those trips. I was really inspired by the people, and it was a beautiful place.
natural beauty of the country.
What photo have you been
How did you first become interested in dreaming about taking someday?
photography?
I’d like to take a photo from the TOP of
I was given a camera for my tenth birthday, and I took it Mt. Everest! I’m not physically
along on a family trip to the Australian Outback. When I prepared for that right now, but
showed my photos to people, they were really impressed! someday I hope to make that journey.
I was encouraged to study photography. It’s my dream!

I was given the ax Everybody was told about it,

at work today. but I was left in the dark.

I was held up in I was blown away by

traffic. the mechanic’s repair bill.

____ 1. I was given the ax at work today. a. I was surprised.

____ 2. Everybody was told about it, but I was left in the dark. b. I was stuck.
____ 3. I was held up in traffic. c. I was fired.
____ 4. I was blown away by the mechanic’s repair bill. d. I didn’t know.

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 Dear “Actively Against the Passive,”
Many students are confused by the
passive voice. It is used very commonly
in English, especially in written language
such as textbooks and newspaper and
magazine articles. The passive voice is
often used when it isn’t known or it isn’t
important who performs the action. For
example:
The wheel was invented in 3500 B.C.
The school was built in 1975.
The paychecks have been given out. Send a message to a keypal. Tell about some good or bad
The computer is being repaired. things that have happened to you recently.
When it is known or it is important who *G2G = Got to go.
performs an action, the passive voice is
sometimes used and is followed by a
phrase that begins with the word “by.”
For example: “News Report” True or False?
The telephone was invented by Alexander
Graham Bell. 1 a. A van was hit by a bicyclist.
This novel was written by Alice Walker. 2 b. Joe Murphy lost the race for mayor.
The passive voice is also used to focus
attention on the subject of the passive 3 c. Five people were injured in the fire.
sentence. For example: 4 d. The Terriers defeated the Eagles.
The building was opened in 1847.
5 e. The police discovered the robbery.
It was destroyed by a fire in 1895.
It was reopened in 1921.
So, even if you don’t use the passive voice
very much when you speak English, you
will see it often in print, and you will also
hear it being used. As time goes on, we’re
sure you’ll feel more comfortable with
the passive voice. Thanks for writing!
Sincerely,
Side by Side

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 CHAPTER 3 • Check-up Test        • Skills Check

Choose the correct answer.

1. I recently for a position at the 6. A. Who this picture?
Blackwell Company. B. I’m pretty sure it by your father.
installed was taken . . . took
adjusted took . . . was took
applied has taken . . . is being taken
considered took . . . was taken
2. I hear they’re going to the factory that 7. You don’t need to do the dishes.
was destroyed by a fire last year. They’re did.
rebuild They’ve been done.
reject Their being done.
compose They’ve been did.
offer 8. Mike during a hockey game last night.
3. Are you free now, Charlie? The mail needs That’s the third time this year.
to be . has been hurt . . . he was hurt
invited was being hurt . . . he hurt
promoted has hurt . . . he’s being hurt
distributed was hurt . . . he’s been hurt
dedicated 9. by the bank in March and two months
4. Someone stole my wallet. All my money later a raise.
and cards were taken. I was hired . . . I was given
construction I’ve been hired . . . I gave
identification I was being hired . . . I’ve been given
information I had hired . . . I’m being given
invention 10. A. I’m calling about my TV. fixed yet?
5. Do you think camping should be in B. fixed right now.
our city’s public parks? Is it being . . . It’s been
permitted Has it been . . . It’s being
presented Has it . . . It was
conquered Has it been being . . . It’s
received

SKILLS CHECK
K

Match the “can do” statement and the correct sentence.

1. I can express agreement. a. I’m happy to hear that!

2. I can express uncertainty. b. Do you want me to sweep the floor?
3. I can offer to do something. c. Have you heard about Helen?
4. I can decline an offer to do something. d. I’m not sure.
e. The building was destroyed by a fire
5. I can share information about a person.
in 1895.
6. I can react to good news. f. That’s terrible!
7. I can react to bad news. g. I think so, too.
8. I can give historical information. h. No. Don’t worry about it.

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