L

Lab – Co
onvertin
ng IPv4 Address
A ses to B
Binary
O
Objectives
Part 1: Co
onvert IPv4 Addresses
A frrom Dotted Decimal
D to B
Binary
Part 2: Us
se Bitwise ANDing
A Opera
ation to Dete
ermine Netwo
ork Address
ses
Part 3: Ap
pply Network
k Address Calculations

B
Backgroun
nd / Scenarrio
Every IPvv4 address is comprised off two parts: a network porti on and a hosst portion. The e network porrtion of an
address iss the same fo
or all devices that
t reside in the same ne twork. The ho entifies a specific host
ost portion ide
within a given network.. The subnet mask is used d to determinee the networkk portion of ann IP address. Devices
on the samme network can
c communic cate directly; devices on diifferent netwo
orks require a
an intermediarry Layer 3
device, su
uch as a route
er, to commun nicate.
To undersstand the ope eration of deviices on a netw
work, we nee d to look at aaddresses thee way devicess do—in
binary nottation. To do this, we mustt convert the dotted
d decima al form of an IP address and its subnet mask to
binary nottation. After th
his has been done, we can n use the bitw
wise ANDing o determine the network
operation to d
address.
This lab provides
p instru
uctions on howw to determin ne the networrk and host poortion of IP ad
ddresses by cconverting
addresses s and subnet masks from dotted
d decima al to binary, a
and then using
g the bitwise ANDing operration.
You will th
hen apply this
s information to identify add
dresses in the e network.

P
Part 1: Convert
C IP
Pv4 Addrresses fro
om Dotte
ed Decima
al to Bina
ary
In Part 1, you will conv
vert decimal numbers to the
eir binary equ
uivalent. Afterr you have maastered this a
activity,
you will co
onvert IPv4 addresses and d subnet masks from dotte ed decimal to their binary fo
orm.

S
Step 1: Co
onvert decim
mal numberrs to their binary equiv
valent.
Fill in the following tablle by converting the decimal number to an 8-bit binary number. The first number has
been com mpleted for your reference. Recall that thhe eight binarry bit values in
n an octet are
e based on th
he powers
of 2, and from
f left to rig
ght are 128, 64,
6 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1.

Dec
cimal B
Binary

192 110
000000
168 10101000
10
1 00001010
255 11111111
2 00000010

© 2013 Cisco and

d/or its affiliates. All rights reserve
ed. This docume
ent is Cisco Publiic. Page 1 of 4
Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Step 2: Convert the IPv4 addresses to their binary equivalent.

An IPv4 address can be converted using the same technique you used above. Fill in the table below with the
binary equivalent of the addresses provided. To make your answers easier to read, separate the binary octets
with a period.

Decimal Binary

192.168.10.10 11000000.10101000.00001010.00001010
209.165.200.229 11010001.10100101.11001000.11100101
172.16.18.183 10101100.00010000.10010000.10110111
10.86.252.17 00001010.10101100.11111100.10001000
255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.111111.10000000
255.255.192.0 11111111.11111111.11000000.0000000

Part 2: Use Bitwise ANDing Operation to Determine Network Addresses

In Part 2, you will use the bitwise ANDing operation to calculate the network address for the provided host
addresses. You will first need to convert an IPv4 decimal address and subnet mask to their binary equivalent.
Once you have the binary form of the network address, convert it to its decimal form.
Note: The ANDing process compares the binary value in each bit position of the 32-bit host IP with the
corresponding position in the 32-bit subnet mask. If there two 0s or a 0 and a 1, the ANDing result is 0. If
there are two 1s, the result is a 1, as shown in the example here.

Step 1: Determine the number of bits to use to calculate the network address.

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 192.168.10.131 11000000.10101000.00001010.10000011

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Network Address 192.168.10.128 11000000.10101000.00001010.10000000

How do you determine what bits to use to calculate the network address?

In the example above, how many bits are used to calculate the network address?

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. Page 2 of 4
Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Step 2: Use the ANDing operation to determine the network address.

a. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 172.16.145.29 10101100.00010000.10010001.11101000

Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.0000000.0000000
Network Address 172.16.0.0 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

b. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 192.168.10.10 11000000.10101000.00001010.00001010

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.0000000
Network Address 192.168.10.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000

c. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 192.168.68.210 11000000.10101000.10101000.11010010

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
Network Address 192.168.68.128 11000000.10101000.10101000.10000000

d. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 172.16.188.15 10101100.00010000.10111100.00001111

Subnet Mask 255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
Network Address 172.16176.0 10101100.00010000.10110000.00000000

e. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 10.172.2.8 00001010.10101100.00000010.11111000

Subnet Mask 255.224.0.0 11111111.11100000.0000000.0000000
Network Address 10.160.0.0 00000010.10100000.00000000.00000000

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. Page 3 of 4
Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Part 3: Apply Network Address Calculations

In Part 3, you must calculate the network address for the given IP addresses and subnet masks. After you
have the network address, you should be able to determine the responses needed to complete the lab.

Step 1: Determine whether IP addresses are on same network.

a. You are configuring two PCs for your network. PC-A is given an IP address of 192.168.1.18, and PC-B is
given an IP address of 192.168.1.33. Both PCs receive a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240.
What is the network address for PC-A? 192.168.1.18
What is the network address for PC-B? 192.168.1.33
Will these PCs be able to communicate directly with each other? Yes
What is the highest address that can be given to PC-B that allows it to be on the same network as PC-A?
192.168.254

b. You are configuring two PCs for your network. PC-A is given an IP address of 10.0.0.16, and PC-B is
given an IP address of 10.1.14.68. Both PCs receive a subnet mask of 255.254.0.0.
What is the network address for PC-A? 10.0.0.16
What is the network address for PC-B? 10.1.14.68
Will these PCs be able to communicate directly with each other? Yes
What is the lowest address that can be given to PC-B that allows it to be on the same network as PC-A?
10.0.0.1

Step 2: Identify the default gateway address.

a. Your company has a policy to use the first IP address in a network as the default gateway address. A
host on the local-area network (LAN) has an IP address of 172.16.140.24 and a subnet mask of
255.255.192.0.
What is the network address for this network?
172.16.140.24

What is the default gateway address for this host?

172.16.128.1
b. Your company has a policy to use the first IP address in a network as the default gateway address. You
have been instructed to configure a new server with an IP address of 192.168.184.227 and a subnet
mask of 255.255.255.248.
What is the network address for this network?
192.168.184.227
What is the default gateway for this server?
192.168.184.225

Reflection
Why is the subnet mask important in determining the network address?

We need Subnet mask for IPv4 addresses because the address doesn't give any information on the network
size. Also to be clear the purpose of the subnet mask is to determine which hosts are on the local network
and which are outside of the network. It is used to identify network address of an IP addressby performing a
bitwise AND operation on the netmask.

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