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    Nasri Tunnel Lining Design and Construction PDF

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    Irfan Putra
    The document discusses various considerations for the design and construction of final tunnel linings. It covers topics such as liner geometry, construction methods, structural loading and analysis, ground support design, waterproofing, and architectural aspects. Some key points mentioned are the use of plain versus reinforced concrete, different construction methods like spray on versus cast-in-place concrete, structural loading from rock pressure, groundwater, and seismic activity, and ensuring the durability and longevity of the lining through proper design.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Nasri Tunnel Lining Design and Construction PDF

    Uploaded by

    Irfan Putra
    517 views74 pages
    The document discusses various considerations for the design and construction of final tunnel linings. It covers topics such as liner geometry, construction methods, structural loading and analysis, ground support design, waterproofing, and architectural aspects. Some key points mentioned are the use of plain versus reinforced concrete, different construction methods like spray on versus cast-in-place concrete, structural loading from rock pressure, groundwater, and seismic activity, and ensuring the durability and longevity of the lining through proper design.

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    The document discusses various considerations for the design and construction of final tunnel linings. It covers topics such as liner geometry, construction methods, structural loading and analysis, ground support design, waterproofing, and architectural aspects. Some key points mentioned are the use of plain versus reinforced concrete, different construction methods like spray on versus cast-in-place concrete, structural loading from rock pressure, groundwater, and seismic activity, and ensuring the durability and longevity of the lining through proper design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    517 views74 pages

    Nasri Tunnel Lining Design and Construction PDF

    Uploaded by

    Irfan Putra
    The document discusses various considerations for the design and construction of final tunnel linings. It covers topics such as liner geometry, construction methods, structural loading and analysis, ground support design, waterproofing, and architectural aspects. Some key points mentioned are the use of plain versus reinforced concrete, different construction methods like spray on versus cast-in-place concrete, structural loading from rock pressure, groundwater, and seismic activity, and ensuring the durability and longevity of the lining through proper design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 74

    Tunnel Lining Design and Construction

    Verya Nasri, PhD, PE

    10th Annual Breakthroughs in Tunneling Short Course


    August 15, 2017
    Cast-in-Place Final Lining
    ❖ Design Considerations
    ➢ Strength
    ➢ Serviceability
    ➢ Durability
    ❖ Plain concrete versus reinforced concrete
    ❖ Fiber versus rebar
    ❖ Spray on concrete versus CIP concrete
    Final Tunnel Linings

    ➢ Liner Geometry
    ➢ Construction Method
    ➢ Area of Application
    Road Tunnels

    World Road
    Association (PIARC)
    Rail Tunnels
    Transit Tunnels
    Subway Stations

    Mined Cut and Cover


    Geometry Optimization
    Ventilation
    Station Cross Section
    Caverns in Competent Rock
    Permanent SOE Wall

    Munich
    Underground Parking
    Cut and Cover, Top-Down and Bottom-Up
    Cut and Cover Tunnels
    Immersed Tunnels
    Final Tunnel Linings

    ➢ Liner Loading
    ➢ Structural Analysis
    ➢ Design
    Structural Loading
    Structural Loading

    p = RL
    p = RL
    p = RL

    p=0 p=0 p=0

    Uniform Rock Load

    b=D/2
    b=D/2
    45 º

    D D

    Unbalanced Rock Load


    Groundwater Pressure
    Drained and Undrained Concepts
    WATER TABLE(HWL)

    CROWN OF ARCH

    .25Wcrown

    EFFECTIVE PRESSURE
    DISTRIBUTION

    .10Wbase

    HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
    Beam Spring Method

    US Army Corps of Engineers


    Kr=Eg/[R(1+v)]
    Kt=0.5Kr/(1+v)
    2D Structural Analysis

    Cut & Cover Box Mined Cavern

    Beam-Spring Model
    3D Structural Analysis

    Cut & Cover Box

    Mined Cavern Beam-Spring Model


    Road Deck

    Central LRT Precast Unit

    In-situ Deck

    Construction in Parallel with Excavation & Lining Pavement


    Double Deck Road
    Stacked Subway
    Design Pressure Envelopes for Braced Cuts (Peck, 1969)
    Excavation Sequence, Support Installation and Flow Analysis
    Convergence Confinement Method
    Initial Ground Support Design

    ➢ Empirical Method (e.g. Q-System)


    ➢ Analytical Method (e.g. Key-Block)
    ➢ Numerical Method (Continuum and Discontinuum Modeling)
    Continuum Analysis
    • 2D modeling
    • Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion
    • 50 % Relaxation,
    • Shotcrete Strength Varied With Excavation Sequence
    Rock Mass Parameters

    • Input
    - Intact Uniaxial Compressive
    Strength (UCS)
    - Intact Rock Modulus (Ei)
    - Disturbance Factor (D)
    - Geological Strength Index (GSI)
    - Intact Rock Parameter (mi)
    • Output
    - Hoek-Brown Strength Parameters
    - Rockmass Deformation Modulus
    Continuum Analysis Results

    • No Yielding of Initial Support


    • Small Ground Surface Deformations
    Types of Discontinuities

    CONJUGATE JOINTS

    FOLIATION

    CLUSTER

    SUBVERTICAL STRUCTURE
    FAULT / SHEAR ZONE
    Discontinuum Analysis

    Rock constitutive model: Mohr-Coulomb elastic/plastic failure

    Joint constitutive model: Barton-Bandis joint model


    Discontinuum Analysis Results
    3D Continuum Analysis
    3D Continuum Analysis Results
    3D Continuum Analysis Results
    3D Discontinuum Analysis
    3D Discontinuum Analysis Results
    Seismic Design of Tunnel Final Lining

    Design & Analysis Approach

    ❖ Force Method for surface structures

    ❖ Deformation Method for underground structures

    ❖ Two-level seismic hazard (ODE and MDE)


    Seismic Design of Tunnel Final Lining

    Deformation modes of tunnels due to seismic waves


    Fire Design of Tunnel Final Lining
    Reduction of Strength and Stiffness of Concrete
    Final Lining Protection in Concrete Sewers

    ❖ Corrosion has been identified as No. 1 cause of deterioration


    in concrete sewers.

    ❖ Quantitative approach to assess the corrosion of the


    concrete final lining

    ❖ Measures to protect the concrete final lining


    Life Expectancy of Concrete Final Lining

    The life expectancy of the concrete


    final lining:
    L=z/C

    L= service life, yr
    z= thickness of allowable loss
    (thickness covering the reinforcing
    steel), in.
    c= corrosion rate, in./yr
    Liners and Coatings

    Example: Ameron T-Lock, a PVC sheeting that locks


    mechanically into the interior wall of concrete sewer pipes
    and tunnels
    Sewers Subject to Low Corrosion Risk

    ❖ For a 100-year service life costly corrosion protection


    measures such as impermeable liners, coatings or
    polymer concrete are not warranted.

    ❖ Use calcareous aggregate and sacrificial concrete


    cover
    Sewers Subject to High Corrosion Risk

    Recommendation: A combination of corrosion protection


    schemes including

    ❖ concrete with calcareous aggregates

    ❖ sacrificial concrete thickness

    ❖ protective lining

    Initial Liner

    CIP Liner

    Protective Liner
    Waterproofing, Drained and Undrained Concepts
    Waterproofing Details
    Initial Liner Smoothness
    Criteria
    Materials: Geotextile, Membrane, and Attachment Disk
    Membrane Installation and Testing
    Sectioning, Water Barrier, and Remedial Grout Pipes
    Sprayed on Waterproofing Membrane

    Sprayed on membrane
    ➢ Elongation at rupture %100

    ➢ Bond strength 1 MPa

    ➢ Tensile strength 2-4 MPa


    New York City’s
    Second Avenue Subway
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project

    Final Concrete Lining


    (Waterproofing and Concrete Stages)
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Station Cavern – Walls
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Station Walls – Forms & Rebar
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Station Cavern – Finished Walls
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Station – Arch Forming System
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Station – Arch Forming System
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Station – Arch Forming System
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Tunnels – Invert Concrete
    72nd Street Station and Tunnels Project
    Tunnels – Arch Concrete
    Final Tunnel Linings

    Architectural Aspects
    Magenta Station, Paris
    Different Types of Structural and Architectural Concrete

    ➢ Light gray with satin finish for the entire structure


    ➢ Light gray with shiny finish for stair tunnels
    ➢ Light gray with rough finish for sidewalls of central
    cavern and side tunnels
    ➢ White only for columns and struts.
    More than 10 mix designs were
    Used to answer the structural
    and architectural requirements

    Large scale samples for testing


    the formwork surface and its
    accessories
    Completed Station
    Metal (copper, aluminum …), exotic wood, concrete with
    multiple finishes (white, satin, shiny …), marble
    Entrance
    Entrance
    Thank You

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