Lembar Perhitungan

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P0

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN REAGEN

Basis volume = 210 mL


NaOH = 0,3 N (dalam 500 mL aquades)
Mol Methanol / Mol Asam Asetat = 3 : 1
Kadar NaOH = 98%
Kadar CH3COOH = 96%
Kadar CH3OH = 96%
Kadar HCl = 25%
Kadar H2SO4 = 97%

 Kebutuhan NaOH
𝑔𝑟 1000
N = 𝐵𝑀 𝑥 𝑥 𝑘𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
𝑉
𝑔𝑟 1000 𝑚𝐿
0,3 = 40 𝑔𝑟/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 98%
500 𝑚𝐿

gr = 6,12 gram

 Densitas CH3COOH
Massa pikno kosong = 20,44 gr
Massa CH3COOH + pikno = 46,69 gr
Massa CH3COOH = 26,25 gr
𝑚 26,25 𝑔𝑟
ρ CH3COOH = = = 1,05 𝑔𝑟/𝑚𝐿
𝑉 25 𝑚𝐿

 Densitas CH3OH
Massa pikno kosong = 20,44 gr
Massa CH3OH + pikno = 40,24 gr
Massa CH3OH = 20,20 gr
𝑚 19,8 𝑔𝑟
ρ CH3OH = = = 0,792 𝑔𝑟/𝑚𝐿
𝑉 25 𝑚𝐿

 Densitas H2SO4
Massa pikno kosong = 20,44 gr
Massa H2SO4 + pikno = 65,21 gr
Massa H2SO4 = 44,77 gr
𝑚 44,77 𝑔𝑟
ρ H2SO4 = = = 1,7908 𝑔𝑟/𝑚𝐿
𝑉 25 𝑚𝐿

B-1
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 Densitas HCl
Massa pikno kosong = 20,44 gr
Massa HCl + pikno = 49,94 gr
Massa HCl = 29,5 gr
𝑚 29,5 𝑔𝑟
ρ HCl = = = 1,18 𝑔𝑟/𝑚𝐿
𝑉 25 𝑚𝐿

 Kebutuhan HCl
Variabel 1 (HCl 0,15 N)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟
𝑁 𝑥 𝐵𝑀 𝑥 𝑉 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 0,15 𝑥 36,5 𝑥 210 𝑚𝐿
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
V HCl = = 𝑔𝑟 = 3,89 mL
𝜌 𝑥 % 𝑥 1000 1,18 𝑥 25% 𝑥 1000
𝑚𝐿

 Kebutuhan H2SO4
Variabel 1 (H2SO4 0,15 N)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟
𝑁 𝑥 𝐵𝑀 𝑥 𝑉 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 0,15 𝑥 98,079 𝑥 210 𝑚𝐿
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
V H2SO4= = 𝑔𝑟 = 0,889mL
𝜌 𝑥 % 𝑥 1000 1,7908 𝑥 97% 𝑥 1000
𝑚𝐿

 Kebutuhan Minyak Jarak dan Aquades


Vtotal = V katalis + V As. Asetat + V Alkohol

Variabel 1 (Katalis HCl 0,15 N)


V total = V HCl + V As. Asetat + V Methanol
V total – V HCl = V As. Asetat + V Methanol
210 ml – 3,89 ml = V As. Asetat + V Methanol
206,11 ml = V As. Asetat + V Methanol

Perbandingan mol
Asam Asetat : Methanol = 1: 3
(ρ.V)Methanol
3 𝑥96%
BM Methanol
= (ρ.V) As.Asetat
1 𝑥96%
BM As.Asetat
0,792 x V Methanol
1 32,04
= 1,05 x V As.Asetat
8
60,05

3,15 x V As. Asetat 0,792 x V Methanol


=
60,05 32,04
V As. Asetat = 0,47 V Methanol…………..………..(2)

Substitusi persamaan (2) ke persamaan (1)

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V As. Asetat + V Methanol = 206,11 ml


0,47 V As. Asetat + V Methanol = 206,11 ml
V Methanol = 140,2 ml
V As. Asetat = 65,91 ml

Variabel 2
Variabel 1 (Katalis H2SO4 0,15 N)
V total = V H2SO4 + V As. Asetat + V Methanol
V total – V H2SO4 = V As. Asetat + V Methanol
210 ml – 0,889 ml = V As. Asetat + V Methanol
209,11 ml = V As. Asetat + V Methanol

Perbandingan mol
(ρ.V)Methanol
3 𝑥96%
BM Methanol
= (ρ.V) As.Asetat
1 𝑥96%
BM As.Asetat
0,792 x V Methanol
1 32,04
= 1,05 x V As.Asetat
8
60,05

3,15 x V As. Asetat 0,792 x V Methanol


=
60,05 32,04
V As. Asetat = 0,47 V Methanol…………..………..(2)

Substitusi persamaan (2) ke persamaan (1)


V As. Asetat + V Methanol = 209,11 ml
0,47 V As. Asetat + V Methanol = 209,11 ml
V Methanol = 142,25 ml
V As. Asetat = 66,86 ml

B-3
P0

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN

Variabel 1 (HCl 0,16 N)


1. Konsentrasi Reaktan Awal
a. Casam asetat0 (CA0 )
ρ × V × kadar × 1000
CA0 =
BM × V total
𝑔𝑟
1,05 𝑚𝐿 × 65,91mL × 96% × 1000
CA0 = 𝑔𝑟
60,052 𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 210 mL

CA0 = 5,268 Molar

b. Cmethanol0 (CB0 )
ρ × V × kadar × 1000
CB0 =
BM × V total
𝑔𝑟
0,792 𝑚𝐿 × 140,2 mL × 96% × 1000
CB0 = 𝑔𝑟
32,042 𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 210 mL

CB0 = 15,8451 Molar

𝐶 15,841
c. 𝑀 = 𝐶𝐵0 = = 3,007
𝐴0 5,268

2. Konversi
a. CA
(V × N)NaOH − Vsampel × NHCl
CA =
Vsampel
(V × 0,3)NaOH − 5 × 0,15
CA =
5
V × 0,3 − 0,75
CA =
5
CA = 0,06V − 0,15

b. XA
CA
XA = 1 −
C A0

t (menit) volume NaOH (ml) CA (Molar) XA


0 64,1 3,696 0,298
10 55,0 3,150 0,402
20 52,1 2,976 0,435
30 47,8 2,718 0,484
40 43,6 2,466 0,532

B-4
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3. ΔH dan ΔG
CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔CH3COOCH3 + H2O
∆G°f reaksi = ∆G°f produk - ∆G°f reaktan

Diketahui data ΔH°f standar (Smith dkk, 2001):


∆H°f 298 CH3COOH = - 484500 J/mol
∆H°f 298CH3OH = - 238660 J/mol
∆H°f 298 CH3COOCH3 = - 445890 J/mol
∆H°f 298 H2O = - 285830 J/mol

∆H°f 298= (∆H°f 298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆H°f 298 H2O)-(∆H°f 298 CH3COOH + ∆H°f
298 CH3OH)
= (-445890 - 285830) - (-484500 - 238660)
= -8560 J/mol

Diketahui data ∆G°standar (Yaws, 1997):


∆G°f 298 CH3COOH = - 389900 J/mol
∆G°f 298CH3OH = - 166270 J/mol
∆G°f 298 CH3COOCH3 = - 324200 J/mol
∆G°f 298 H2O = - 237129 J/mol

Maka:
∆G°f 298 = (∆G°f 298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆G°f 298 H2O)-(∆G°f 298 CH3COOH + ∆G°f
298 CH3OH)
= (- 324200 - 237129) - (- 389900 - 166270)
= - 5159 J/mol
Dari persamaan Van’t Hoff:
∆G°f 298 = −RT ln K
∆G°298
ln K =
RT
1
− (−5159 mol)
ln K = 1
8,314 mol K ∙ 298 K

K = 8,0227

Suhu operasi = 50°C, maka harga K pada suhu operasi 50°C (323 K):

B-5
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K 323 ∆H°298 1 1
ln =− ( − ′)
K 298 R T T
1
K 323 (−8560) mol 1 1
ln =− 1 ( − )K
K 298 8,314 323 298
mol K
K 330
ln = −0,126187
8,0227
K 330 = 7,0716
Pada saat kesetimbangan,
CC ∙ CD (CA0 XA )(CA0 XA )
QC = =
CA ∙ CB (CA0 (1 − XA )) ∙ (CB0 − CA0 XA )
(XAe )2
QC =
(1 − XAe ) ∙ (M − XAe )
(0,532)2
QC =
(1 − 0,532) ∙ (3,007 − 0,532)
QC = 0,244

4. Konstanta Laju Reaksi


CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔CH3COOCH3 + H2O

(A) (B) (C) (D)


CA = CA0 − CA0 × XA
CB = CB0 − CA0 × XA
CC = CD = CA0 × XA
k1 k1
K 57 = → k2 =
k2 K
dCA
− = −rA = k1 CA CB − k 2 CC CD
dt
CC CD
−rA = k1 (CA CB − )
𝐾
dXA CC CD
CA0 × = k1 (CA CB − )
dt 𝐾

dXA (CA0 × XA )(CA0 × XA )


CA0 × = k1 (CA0 (1 − XA ) (CB0 − CA0 × XA − ))
dt 𝐾

2
dXA CB (CA0 × XA )
CA0 × = k1 (CA0 (1 − XA )CA0 ( 0 − XA ) − )
dt CA0 𝐾

dXA CB XA 2
CA0 × = k1 CA0 2 ((1 − XA ) × ( 0 − XA ) − )
dt CA0 𝐾

B-6
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dXA CB0 XA 2
)
= k1 CA0 ((1 − XA × ( − XA ) − )
dt CA0 K

dXA XA 2
= k1 CA0 ((1 − XA ) × (M − XA ) − )
dt K

dXA XA 2
= k1 × 5,268 ((1 − XA ) × (3,007 − XA ) − )
dt 7,0716

dXA 1
= k1 × 5,268 (3,007 − 4,007XA + XA 2 − XA 2)
dt 7,0716
dXA
= 5,268k1 (0,8586XA 2 − 4,007XA + 3,007)
dt
dXA
= 4,5231k1 (XA 2 − 4,6669XA + 3,5022)
dt
XA 𝑡
1 dXA
∫ = k 1 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
4,5231 0 (XA 2 − 4,6669XA + 3,5022) 0

Dengan menggunakan persamaan Al-Khawarizmi, dapat ditemukan kedua akar


A = 3,7273 dan B = 0,9396, maka XA 2 − 4,6669XA + 3,5022 = (XA −
3,7273)(XA − 0,9396).
XA t
dXA
∫ = 4,5231k1 ∫ dt
0 (X A 2 − 4,6669XA + 3,5022) 0
XA t
dXA
∫ = 4,5231k1 ∫ dt
0 (X A − 3,7273)(XA − 0,9396) 0
XA XA
A B
∫ dXA + ∫ dXA = 4,5231k1 t
0 XA − 3,7273 0 X A − 0,9396

A B A(XA − 0,9396) + B(XA − 3,7273)


=
XA − 3,7273 XA − 0,9396 (XA − 3,7273)(XA − 0,9396)
A(XA − 0,9396) + B(XA − 3,7273) = 1
A+B = 0
3,7273A + 0,9396B = 1
0,9396A + 0,9396B = 0
Eliminasi untuk mendapatkan 2,7877A = 1, A = 0,3587, dan B = −0,3587.
XA XA
0,3587 −0,3587
∫ dXA + ∫ dXA = 4,5231t
0 XA − 3,7273 0 X A − 0,9396

0,0793[ln(XA − 3,7273) − ln(XA − 0,9396)] = k1 t


(XA − 3,7273)(−0,9396)
k1 t = 0,0793ln [ ]
(XA − 0,9396)(−3,7273)

B-7
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(X −A)(−B)
𝛼𝑙𝑛 [(XA −B)(−A)] dapat diasumsikan sebagai y, sedangkan k1 dan t masing-
A

masing dapat diasumsikan sebagai m dan x. Ketiganya membentuk persamaan


y = mx. Dengan menggunakan persamaan ini, k1 = m dapat dicari.
t(x) XA y xy x2
0 0,298 0,023644 0 0
10 0,402 0,035226 0,352263 100
20 0,435 0,039459 0,789179 400
30 0,484 0,046370 1,391111 900
40 0,532 0,054016 2,160655 1600
Sigma 100 2,151 0,198716 4,693207 3000

Dapat menentukan nilai k1 dari gradien (m) sesuai dengan persamaan :


𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − ∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
𝑚 = 𝑘1 =
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2
(5𝑥4.693207) − (100𝑥0,198716)
𝑘1 =
(5𝑥3000) − (100)2
𝑘1 = 0,000718887 s-1
Jadi nilai k2 dapat diketahui dari persamaan :
𝑘1 0,004608
𝑘2 = = = 0,0001016583𝑠 −1
𝐾 7,0716

Variabel 2 (H2SO4 0,16 N)


1. Konsentrasi Reaktan Awal
a. Casam asetat0 (CA0 )
ρ × V × kadar × 1000
CA0 =
BM × V total
𝑔𝑟
1,05 𝑚𝐿 × 66,86 mL × 96% × 1000
CA0 = 𝑔𝑟
60,052 × 210 mL
𝑚𝑜𝑙

CA0 = 5,3441 Molar

b. Cmethanol0 (CB0 )
ρ × V × kadar × 1000
CB0 =
BM × V total
𝑔𝑟
0,792 𝑚𝐿 × 142,25 mL × 0,96 × 1000
CB0 = 𝑔𝑟
32,042 𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 210 mL

CB0 = 16,0734 Molar

B-8
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𝐶 15,841
c. 𝑀 = 𝐶𝐵0 = = 3,007
𝐴0 5,268

2. Konversi
c. CA
(V × N)NaOH − Vsampel × NHCl
CA =
Vsampel
(V mL × 0,3 N)NaOH − 5 mL × 0,15 N
CA =
5 mL
0,3V mL. N − 0,75 mL. N
CA =
5 mL
CA = 0,06V N − 0,15 N

d. XA
CA
XA = 1 −
C A0

t (menit) volume NaOH (ml) CA (Molar) XA


0 60,4 3,474 0,3499
10 52,7 3,012 0,4364
20 48,4 2,754 0,4847
30 45,0 2,550 0,5228
40 40,3 2,268 0,5756

3. ΔH dan ΔG
CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔CH3COOCH3 + H2O
∆G°f reaksi = ∆G°f produk - ∆G°f reaktan

Diketahui data ΔH°f standar (Smith dkk, 2001):


∆H°f 298 CH3COOH = - 484500 J/mol
∆H°f 298CH3OH = - 238660 J/mol
∆H°f 298 CH3COOCH3 = - 445890 J/mol
∆H°f 298 H2O = - 285830 J/mol
∆H°f 298= (∆H°f 298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆H°f 298 H2O)-(∆H°f 298 CH3COOH + ∆H°f
298 CH3OH)
= (-445890 - 285830) - (-484500 - 238660)
= -8560 J/mol
Diketahui data ∆G°standar (Yaws, 1997):
∆G°f 298 CH3COOH = - 389900 J/mol
∆G°f 298CH3OH = - 166270 J/mol
∆G°f 298 CH3COOCH3 = - 324200 J/mol

B-9
P0

∆G°f 298 H2O = - 237129 J/mol

Maka:
∆G°f 298 = (∆G°f 298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆G°f 298 H2O)-(∆G°f 298 CH3COOH + ∆G°f
298 CH3OH)
= (- 324200 - 237129) - (- 389900 - 166270)
= - 5159 J/mol
Dari persamaan Van’t Hoff:
∆G°f 298 = −RT ln K
∆G°298
ln K =
RT
1
− (−5159 mol)
ln K = 1
8,314 mol K ∙ 298 K

K = 8,0227

Suhu operasi = 50°C, maka harga K pada suhu operasi 50°C (323 K):
K 323 ∆H°298 1 1
ln =− ( − ′)
K 298 R T T
1
K 323 (−8560) mol 1 1
ln =− 1 ( − )K
K 298 8,314 323 298
mol K
K 330
ln = −0,126187
8,0227
K 330 = 7,0716
Pada saat kesetimbangan,
CC ∙ CD (CA0 XA )(CA0 XA )
QC = =
CA ∙ CB (CA0 (1 − XA )) ∙ (CB0 − CA0 XA )
(XAe )2
QC =
(1 − XAe ) ∙ (M − XAe )
(0,5756)2
QC =
(1 − 0,5756) ∙ (3,0077 − 0,5756)
QC = 0,320985

4. Konstanta Laju Reaksi


CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔CH3COOCH3 + H2O

B-10
P0

(A) (B) (C) (D)


CA = CA0 − CA0 × XA
CB = CB0 − CA0 × XA
CC = CD = CA0 × XA
k1 k1
K 57 = → k2 =
k2 K
dCA
− = −rA = k1 CA CB − k 2 CC CD
dt
CC CD
−rA = k1 (CA CB − )
𝐾
dXA CC CD
CA0 × = k1 (CA CB − )
dt 𝐾

dXA (CA0 × XA )(CA0 × XA )


CA0 × = k1 (CA0 (1 − XA ) (CB0 − CA0 × XA − ))
dt 𝐾

2
dXA CB (CA0 × XA )
CA0 × = k1 (CA0 (1 − XA )CA0 ( 0 − XA ) − )
dt CA0 𝐾

dXA 2 CB0 XA 2
CA0 × = k1 CA0 ((1 − XA ) × ( − XA ) − )
dt CA0 𝐾

dXA CB0 XA 2
= k1 CA0 ((1 − XA ) × ( − XA ) − )
dt CA0 K

dXA XA 2
= k1 CA0 ((1 − XA ) × (M − XA ) − )
dt K

dXA XA 2
= k1 × 5,3411 ((1 − XA ) × (3,0077 − XA ) − )
dt 7,0716

dXA 1
= k1 × 5,3411 (3,0077 − 4,0077XA + XA 2 − X 2)
dt 7,0716 A
dXA
= 5,3411k1 (0,8586XA 2 − 4,0077XA + 3,0077)
dt
dXA
= 4,5859k1 (XA 2 − 4,6677XA + 3,5030)
dt
XA 𝑡
1 dXA
∫ = k1 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
4,5859 0 (XA 2 − 4,6677XA + 3,5030) 0

Dengan menggunakan persamaan Al-Khawarizmi , dapat ditemukan kedua akar


A = 3,7280 dan B = 0,9396, maka XA 2 − 4,6677XA + 3,5030 = (XA −
3,7280)(XA − 0,9396).

B-11
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XA t
dXA
∫ = 4,5859k1 ∫ dt
0 (X A 2 − 4,6677XA + 3,5030) 0
XA t
dXA
∫ = 4,5859k1 ∫ dt
0 (X A − 3,7280)(XA − 0,9396) 0
XA XA
A B
∫ dXA + ∫ dXA = 4,5859k1 t
0 XA − 3,7280 0 X A − 0,9396

A B A(XA − 0,9396) + B(XA − 3,7280)


=
XA − 3,7280 XA − 0,9396 (XA − 3,7280)(XA − 0,9396)
A(XA − 0,9396) + B(XA − 3,7280) = 1
A+B = 0
3,7280A + 0,9396B = 1
0,9396A + 0,9396B = 0
Eliminasi untuk mendapatkan 2,7884A = 1, A = 0,3586, dan B = −0,3586.
XA XA
0,3586 −0,3586
∫ dXA + ∫ dXA = 4,5859t
0 XA − 3,7280 0 X A − 0,9396

0,07819[ln(XA − 3,7280) − ln(XA − 0,9396)] = k1 t


(XA − 3,7280)(−0,9396)
k1 t = 0,07819ln [ ]
(XA − 0,9396)(−3,7280)

(X −A)(−B)
𝛼𝑙𝑛 [(XA −B)(−A)] dapat diasumsikan sebagai y, sedangkan k1 dan t masing-
A

masing dapat diasumsikan sebagai m dan x. Ketiganya membentuk persamaan


y = mx. Dengan menggunakan persamaan ini, k1 = m dapat dicari.
t(x) XA y xy x2
0 0,3499 0,028718 0 0
10 0,4364 0,038856 0,388561 100
20 0,4847 0,045827 0,916537 400
30 0,5228 0,051742 1,552268 900
40 0,5756 0,061035 2,441381 1600
Sigma 100 2,3676 0,226177 5,298747 3000
Dapat menentukan nilai k1 dari gradien (m) sesuai dengan persamaan :
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − ∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
𝑚 = 𝑘1 =
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2
(5𝑥5,298747) − (100𝑥0,226177)
𝑘1 =
(5𝑥3000) − (100)2
𝑘1 = 0,000775207 s-1
Jadi nilai k2 dapat diketahui dari persamaan :
𝑘1 0,005192
𝑘2 = = = 0,0001096225748𝑠 −1
𝐾 7,0716

B-12

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