Electronics and Communication Engineering: I Semester

1
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
I SEMESTER :
COURSE
CODE THEORY/LAB L T P C
AHE1101 English 4 0 0 4
ABM1101 Mathematics-I 4 1 0 4
ABP1101 Physics 4 1 0 4
ABC1101 Chemistry 4 1 0 4
AEE1101 Basic Network Analysis 4 1 0 4
AHE1102 English Language Lab 0 0 3 2
AMT1101 Engineering Workshop 0 0 3 2
ABP1102 Physics and Chemistry Lab 0 0 3 2
Total 20 4 9 26
II SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
ABM1102 Mathematics -II 4 1 0 4
AME1103 Engineering Mechanics 4 1 0 4
ABE1101 Environmental Studies 4 0 0 4
ACT1102 Computer Programming through C 4 1 0 4
AEC1101 Electronic Devices 4 1 0 4
AEC1102 Electronic Devices Lab 0 0 3 2
ACT1103 Computer Programming Lab 0 0 3 2
AME1102 Engineering Drawing 0 0 3 2
Total 20 4 9 26
G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

2
III SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
ABM1104 Mathematics –III 4 0 0 4
AEC1103 Electronic Circuits 4 1 0 4
AEC1104 Signals & Systems 4 1 0 4
AEE1137 Electrical Technology 4 1 0 4
AEC1105 Pulse & Digital Circuits 4 1 0 4
AEC1106 Switching Theory and Logic Design 4 1 0 4
AEC1107 Electronic Circuits Lab 0 0 3 2
AEE1138 Electrical Technology Lab 0 0 3 2
Total 24 5 6 28
IV SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
ABM1107 Mathematics –IV 4 0 0 4
AEC1108 Digital IC Applications 4 1 0 4
AEC1109 Analog Communications 4 1 0 4
AEC1110 Linear IC Applications 4 1 0 4
ACT1104 Computer Organization 4 1 0 4
AEC1111 EM Waves and Transmission Lines 4 1 0 4
AEC1112 IC and PDC Lab 0 0 3 2
AEC1113 Analog Communications Lab 0 0 3 2
Total 24 5 6 28
V SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
AEE1109 Control Systems 4 0 0 4
AEE1106 Network Analysis & Synthesis 4 1 0 4
AEC1114 Digital Communications 4 1 0 4
AEC1115 Microprocessors and Interfacing 4 1 0 4
AEC1116 Antennas and Wave Propagation 4 1 0 4
AEC1117 VLSI Design 4 1 0 4
AEC1118 VLSI Design Lab 0 0 3 2
AEC1119 Digital Communications Lab 0 0 3 2
Total 24 5 6 28
3
VI SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
AHM1101 Managerial Economics & 4 0 0 4
Financial Analysis
AEC1120 Telecommn.Switching Sys. & 4 1 0 4
Networks
AEC1121 Microcontrollers and Applications 4 1 0 4
AEC1122 Microwave Engineering 4 1 0 4
AEC1123 Digital Signal Processing 4 1 0 4
AEC1124 Elec. Measurements & 4 1 0 4
Instrumentation
AEC1125 Microprocessors & 0 0 3 2
Microcontrollers Lab
AHE1103 Advanced Communication skills Lab0 0 3 2
Total 24 5 6 28
VII SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
AHM1102 Management Science 4 0 0 4
AEC1126 Radar Engineering 4 1 0 4
AEC1127 Data Communications 4 1 0 4
AEC1128 Optical Communications 4 1 0 4
Elective-I 4 1 0 4
AEC1129 Digital Image Processing
AEC1130 Bio Medical Instrumentation
AEC1131 Robotics
AIT1114 Data structures for
Engineering Applications
AEE1142 Design Concepts for Engineers
Elective-II 4 1 0 4
AEC1132 Satellite Communication
AEC1133 EMI/EMC
ACT1108 Operating Systems
ACS1114 Software Development Engineering

4
AEE1125 Reliability Evaluation of

Engineering Systems
AEC1134 Microwave & Optical
Communication Lab 0 0 3 2
AEC1135 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 2
AEC11MP Industry Oriented Mini-Project - - - 2
Total 24 5 6 30
VIII SEMESTER :
COURSE
THEORY/LAB L T P C
CODE
AEC1136 Computer Networks 4 1 0 4
Elective-III 4 1 0 4
AEC1137 Digital Design through Verilog
AEC1138 Embedded Systems
AEC1139 Industrial Electronics
Elective-IV 4 1 0 4
AEC1140 DSP Processors and Architecture
AEC1141 Wireless Communications
AEE1112 Power Electronics
AEC1142 Process Control and Automation
AEC11SM Seminar
AEC11CV Comprehensive viva - - - 4
AEC11PW Project work 0 0 9 12
Total 12 3 12 30

SYLLABI FOR I SEMESTER
5
ENGLISH
Course Code : AHE1101 L T P C

4 0 0 4
Reading and Writing skills
OBJECTIVES :
The primary objective of the course is to help students of engineering to
achieve a sound foundation in communicational skills, basic grammar and
vocabulary. It also enables them to become successful communicators in
academic, professional and social areas of life.
The course aims to enable the students to use English effectively for the
purpose of
Understanding class room lectures in different subjects
Reading technical and general materials
Effective written communication in professional contexts
OUTCOMES :
The learners develop adequate skills in skimming, scanning,
intensive and extensive reading
The learners also develop enough vocabulary to be clearly
expressive in any group - Professional or Managerial or Social
The learners can correspond and communicate in descriptive,
analytical modes with ease.
COURSE WORK :
To achieve the above objectives, instruction will be imparted through
relevant ESP materials, articles from newspapers, technical journals,
magazines, industry materials etc. in classes and laboratory. Students will
be given individual and holistic practice in LSRW skills.
6
Contents :
Reading :
Reading with a purpose; Reading for understanding; skimming,
scanning etc;
Reading and interpreting charts and diagrams
Vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms, prefixes, suffixes, confusables,
one-word substitutes etc.
Writing :
o common errors, articles, prepositions, tenses, concord, phrasal
verbs, modals, conditionals etc. ( Remedial Grammar)
o Practice of writing- definition, description
o Paragraph writing with coherence, cohesiveness and clarity
o Essay, report and précis writing
Reference skills : Use of dictionary, thesaurus, library and internet materials.
UNIT - I
1. Around the House (Language in Use)
2. Education on Education (English for Engineers)
UNIT - II
1. On Holiday (Language in Use)
2. Vocabulary- synonyms, antonyms, prefixes, suffixes, confusables,
one-word substitutes etc.
UNIT - III
1. Imagining (Language in Use)
2. Tenses & Concord, Articles & Prepositions
UNIT - IV
1. New Information Technology and Poverty Eradication (English
for Engineers)
2. The media (Language in Use)

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UNIT - V
1. What we must Learn from the West (English for Engineers)
2. Paragraph writing, Note-making and Minute writing
UNIT - VI
1. Essay writing
2. Value added Life (English for Engineers)
UNIT - VII
1. Breaking the Law (Language in Use)
2. Key item (English for Engineers)
UNIT - VIII
1. Letter and Précis writing
2. Dialogue writing
TEXT BOOKS :
1. “Language in Use(Intermediate)”, Cambridge University Press
India Pvt. Ltd.- Reprint-2008.
2. “English for Engineers”, Regional Institute of English, Bangalore,
Foundation Books Pvt. Ltd, 2006.
REFERENCES :
1. Eric H. Glendinning & Beverly Holmstorm,“Study reading- A course
in Reading Skills for Academic Purposes”-CUP , 2004.
2. Liz Hamp Lyons, Ben Heasley, “Study writing”, CUP, 2004.
3. Norman Lewis, “Word Power Made Easy”, Lotus Press, 2006.
4. Michael Swan, “Practical English Usage”, Oxford University Press,
3rd Edition, 2005.
5. Murphy “Murphy’s English Grammar”, CUP, 3rd Edition, 2004.
SUGGESTED READING : Stories of humour, adventure, mystery and
autobiographies of eminent scientists.
Q
8
MATHEMATICS – I
(Common to all Branches)
Course Code : ABM1101 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM :
To impart the necessary fundamental principles that are essential to study
the core courses of Engineering.
OBJECTIVE :
To motivate and inculcate the logical thinking and methodical approach to
solve mathematical problems
UNIT - I
Sequences – Series – Convergence and divergence – Comparison test –
Ratio test –Integral test –Alternating series, Leibniz’s test
(9.1 to 9.9, 9.12).
Rolle ’s theorem – Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem – Cauchy’s mean
value Theorem –Taylor’s theorem and Maclaurin’s series (all theorems
without proof)
(4.3, 4.4).
UNIT - II
Differential equations of first order (linear, Bernoulli), Linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Method of Variation of parameters .
(11.9, 11.10, 13.1, 13.3-13.8(i), 13.9)
UNIT - III
Applications of Linear differential equations: orthogonal trajectories,
Newton’s law of cooling, Simple harmonic motion, Oscillatory electrical
circuits (LC and LCR circuits).
(12.3, 12.6, 14.2, 14.5)

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UNIT - IV
Laplace transform of elementary functions, properties, Transforms of
derivatives and integrals – Unit step function – second shifting theorem,
Periodic function.
(21.1-21.5, 21.7-21.11)
UNIT - V
Inverse transform –- Inverse transform of Derivatives and Integrals -
Convolution theorem – Application of Laplace transforms to ordinary
differential equations, Unit step function, Unit impulse function.
(21.12-21.15, 21.17, 21.18)
UNIT - VI
Partial differentiation: Total derivative, change of variables, Jacobians,
Taylor’s theorem for functions of two variables, maxima and minima of
functions of two variables.
(5.5 – 5.9, 5.11)
UNIT - VII
Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary
constants and arbitrary functions – solutions of first order linear (Lagrange)
equation and nonlinear first order (standard type) equations.
(17.1 to 17.3, 17.5, 17.6)
UNIT - VIII
Method of separation of variables – Classification of second order linear
Partial Differential Equations, solutions of one dimensional heat equation,
wave equation and two-dimensional Laplace’s equation under initial and
boundary conditions.
( 18.1 to 18.7)
TEXT BOOK :
Dr.B.S.Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40th Edition, Khanna
Publishers.

10
REFERENCES :
1. Kreyszig E, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th Ed. John
Wiley, Singapore, 2001.
2. Greenberg M D, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 2nd Ed,
Pearson Education, Singapore, Indian Print, 2003.

11
PHYSICS
Course Code : ABP1101 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM :
To give prerequisites in understanding the advanced Physics leading to
applications in engineering field.
OBJECTIVE :
To impart the students the concept and principles in Engineering to enable
them to comprehend and take up the experimental work independently.
UNIT - I
VIBRATIONS & ACOUSTICS OF BUILDINGS :
i) Overview of vibrations with emphasis on damped and forced
oscillations- resonance, coupled oscillators - two coupled pendulums
and normal mode solutions.
(Engineering Physics - Gaur & Gupta Chap - 33, and Unified Physics,
Vol-1, S L Gupta & Sanjeev Gupta, Chap-11 (coupled oscillators)
ii) Reverberation and Reverberation time – Sabine’s formula for
reverberation time – measurement of absorption coefficient of material-
Basic requirements of acoustically good hall -Factors affecting the
architectural acoustics and their remedies.
(Engineering Physics - Gaur & Gupta Chap - 14)
UNIT – II
PHYSICAL OPTICS :
INTERFERENCE: Superposition of waves, Young’s double slit
experiment, Interference in thin films by reflection, Newton’s rings
experiment with necessary theory.
DIFFRACTION: Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Diffraction at single
slit and diffraction grating, determination of wavelengths of various spectral
lines, resolving power of grating.
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Polarization: Types of Polarizations, Brewster’s law, Double refraction,

Nicol Prism, Polaroid’s.
(Engineering Physics - Gaur & Gupta Chap - 26, 27, 28 & 29)
UNIT – III
CRYSTAL PHYSICS & SUPERCONDUCTIVITY :
i) Crystal Physics : Space lattice, basis and crystal structure, Unit cell,
primitive cell, Seven crystal systems, Bravais lattices- SC, BCC, FCC
crystal structures- crystal planes and Directions- Miller indices,
Derivation of inter planar spacing.
(Applied Physics for Engineers - P K Palanisamy Chap - 2)
ii) Superconductivity: superconducting phenomenon, Meissner effect,
Type I & Type II Super conductors, BCS theory, DC and AC
Josephson effects, SQUIDS, High Temperature Super conductors-
Applications.
UNIT – IV
QUANTUM MECHANICS : Dual nature of matter, DeBroglie wave
length, Time independent Schrödinger wave equation, Physical significance
of wave function, particle in a potential well, rigid and non rigid walls,
Tunneling effect
UNIT – V
FREE ELECTRON THEORY : Introduction, Quantum free electron
theory, Fermi-Dirac distribution and its dependence on temperature, Fermi
energy, Electron scattering and resistance, motion of an electron in periodic
potential, Kronig-Penney model (qualitative treatment), effective mass;
classification of solids.
(Applied Physics for Engineers - P K Palanisamy Chap - 4 & 5)
UNIT – VI
DIELECTRICS : Basic definitions, relation between P,D and E vectors,
Polarization mechanisms, expression for electronic polarizability, Internal
fields in solids, Claussius-Mosotti equation, frequency and temperature
13
dependence of electronic polarization, Dielectric strength, Dielectric loss,

Loss tangent and Dielectric breakdown, Applications.
UNIT – VII
LASERS AND FIBER OPTICS :
i) Introduction, Characteristics of lasers, Induced absorption,
spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, Population
Inversion, Einstein’s coefficients, Low and high power Lasers, Ruby
laser, He-Ne laser, CO2 and semiconductor laser, Applications of
lasers.
ii) Basic principle of propagation of light in optical fibers, Numerical
aperture, acceptance angle, Derivation of Numerical aperture,
Classification of optical fibers on the basis of refractive index profile,
Fiber optic communication system, Applications.
UNIT – VIII
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS :
i) Bio materials, SMART materials, metallic glasses, metal matrix
composites, Electrets – piezo and ferro electric matrerials.
(Engineering Physics by V Rajendran, Chap - 21, 24, 25, materials
Science - M Armugam - Metal Matrix composites and Electrets,
SMART Materials chap -11)
ii) Nanophase materials: Introduction to nano materials, types of nano
materials, Fabrication Techniques: ball milling, nano lithography, CVD,
carbon nano tubes (CNT’s), Applications.
(Engineering Physics M R Sirnivasn, Chap - 15)
TEXT BOOKS :
th
1. R.K. Gaur and S.L.Gupta, “Engineering Physics”, 8 Edition,
Dhanpaat Rai, 2003.
nd
2. P.K. Palanisamy, “Applied Physics”, 2 Edition, Scitech Publishers,
2010.
14
3. M.R. Srinivasan, “Engineering Physics”, 1st Edition, New Age

Publishers, 2009.
4. V. Rajendran, “Engineering Physics”, TMH, 2009.
REFERENCES :
1. C.Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, 7th Edition, John
Wiley, 2007.
2. M Ross, Lowrence, Shepard, J Wulff, “Structure and Properties of
Materials”, (Volume-4, Electronic properties), Wiley East Publishers,
2004.
th
3. Avadhanulu & Kshirasagar, “Engineering Physics”, 9 Edition,
S. Chand Publishers, 2008.
4. S.O. Pillai, “Solid State Physics”, New Age Publishers, 2004.
5. Sulabh. K. Kulkarni, “Nano Technology - Principles and Practices”,
2006.
th
6. V.Raghavan, “Material Science”, 5 Edition, PHI, 2007.
7. R.L.Singhal, “Solid State Physics”, 6th Edition, Kedarnadh, Ramnadh
Publishers, 2003.
th
8. A. Beiser., “Perspectives in Modern Physics”, 5 Edition, McGraw
Hill Publishers, 2006.
st
9. A.J. Dekker, “Electrical Engineering materials”, 1 Edition, Mac
Millan, 2007.
rd
10. M. Armugam, “Material Science”,3 Edition, Anuradha Publishers,
2009.
th
11. S.L. Gupta, & Sanjeev Gupta, “Unified Physics”, Vol - 1, 16 Edition,
Jaiprakash Nath & Co., 2007.

15
CHEMISTRY
Course Code : ABC1101 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM :
The aim of the course is to provide basic chemistry background required
for under graduate students of engineering.
OBJECTIVE :
The Objective of the course is to provide an over view of chemical
properties of materials which the engineers are likely to use during their
professional careers.
UNIT - I
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE : Electrode potential, Nernest equation,
EMF of electro chemical cell, calculation of cell potential, concentration
cell, determination of PH of solution.
BATTERIES - primary cell-Dry or Lachanche cell, alkaline battery;
secondary cells (storage batteries or accumulators) – Lead-acid
Accumulator, Nickel-cadmium battery.and lithium ion battery.
Fuel cells - hydrogen, oxygen fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, solid
oxide fuel cells.
UNIT - II
CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL : Introduction-Dry or chemical
corrosion, Wet or Electrochemical corrosion-Hydrogen evolution type,
oxygen absorption type, Galvanic corrosion and concentration cell
corrosion, pitting ,waterline, and stress corrosion; passivity; Galvanic series;
factors influencing corrosion. Corrosion control-proper designing, cathodic
protection, modifying the environment and using inhibitors. Protective
coatings- anodic and cathodic coatings; Hot dipping-Galvanizing and
Tinning, Metal cladding; Electroplating; Electro less plating; cementation
or diffusion coatings.
16
UNIT - III
CHEMICAL KINETICS : Arrhenius theory-effect of temperature on
reaction rates –concept of activated complex; collision theory of reaction
rates; Lindeman's theory of unimolecular reactions, steady state
approximation; Transition state theory.
UNIT - IV
BONDING IN COORDINATION COMPOUNDS : Valence bond
theory- limitations, crystal field theory, ligand field theory- octahedral and
tetrahedral complexes. Spectral properties of d1 ions & magnetic properties
of low spin and high spin complexes.Molecular orbital theory as applied
to octahedral complexes not involving pi-bonding.
UNIT - V
PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISMS OF ORGANIC REACTIONS
Bond fission – homolysis and heterolysis-examples. Types of reagents-
electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents -examples. Concept of aromaticity,
Huckel’s (4n+2) rule. Introduction to mechanistic aspect of electrophilic
aromatic substitution- nitration, sulphonation. Friedel-Crafts alkylation and
acylation.
UNIT - VI
POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : Nomenclature; Types
of polymerization, Mechanism of addition and condensation polymerization,
Effect of polymer structure on properties. Plastics- Thermo and
thermosetting plastics, constituents of a plastic. Preparation, properties
and uses of polythene, PVC, Teflon, nylons-6,6, bakelite and silicones.
RUBBER - Natural rubber-structure-vulcanization, compounding of
rubber; synthetic rubbers-Buna-Sand Buna-N.
UNIT - VII
SEMI CONDUCTING MATERIALS : Band theory of solids, Types-
Intrinsic, extrinsic,( n-type, p-type,) non-elemental semi conducting
materials- stoichiometric semi conducting compounds, defect
semiconductors, controlled valency semiconductors. Preparation of
semiconductors- Zone refining, Czochralski crystal pulling technique,
Doping technique.

17
UNIT - VIII
CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Cement - classification; Portland cement- raw materials, manufacture of
Portland cement, chemical constititution of Portland cement, setting and
hardening of Portland cement.
REFRACTORIES - Classification and properties of refractories
FUELS - classification; calorific value and its determination using Bomb
and Junker's gas calorimeter, theoretical calculation of calorific value-
Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal; Refining of petroleum-, catalytic
cracking; catalytic reforming, knocking, octane rating, improvement in anti
knock characteristics, unleaded petrol; diesel engine fuels, cetane value
LUBRICANTS - Friction- mechanism of lubrication-Fluid film lubrication;
thin or boundary lubrication and extreme pressure lubrication, classification-
Lubricating oils, greases and solid lubricants.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Jain& Jain, “A text book of Engineering Chemistry”, Dhanapat Roy
th
publishing company, 15 Edition, 2006.
2. Shiva Shankar, “Engineering Chemistry”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2008.
REFERENCES :
1. Sashi chawala, “Engineering Chemistry”, Dhanpath Rai Publications,
rd
3 Edition, 2010.
2. C. Parameswara Murthy, C.V. Agarwal and Andhra Naidu, “A Text
st
Book of Engineering Chemistry”, B.S. Publications, 1 Edition, 2006.
3. J.D.Lee, “Concise inorganic Chemistry”, Black Well Science
th
Publications, 5 Edition, 2005.
4. Arun Bahl & B.S.Bahl, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, S.Chand
Publications, 2010.
rd
5. Gurudeep Raj, “Physical Chemistry”, Goel Publications, 3 Edition,
2007.
6. S.S. Dara, “Text book of Engineering Chemistry”, S. Chand
th
Q
18
BASIC NETWORK ANALYSIS
Course Code : AEE1101 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM :
The aim of the course is to teach Principles of Electrical Network Analysis.
OBJECTIVES :
Network Analysis is a basic foundation course for the disciplines EEE and
ECE .Hence this is introduced in I-Year –I Sem so that the students feel
comfortable with various other Electrical and Electronics Courses they
come across.
UNIT - I
Network elements , Active & passive elements, Volt- Ampere – Power
relation in R,L,C with basic laws , Constant Flux linkage & Constant Charge
theorems , Mutual Inductance and Dot Convention, Source Transformation.
UNIT - II
D-C Resistive Circuit Analysis, Branch variables, solving by direct
application KCL & KCL, Mesh (loop)Analysis, Nodal Analysis, Super
Mesh and Super Node, Star – Delta Transformation.
UNIT - III
Transient in R-L, R-C & RLC circuit with DC Excitation, using differential
equations.
Concept of steady state.
UNIT - IV
Sinusoidal steady state: Effective value of an alternative current /voltage
excitation to inductance and capacitance. Inductive and Capacitive
reactances, Average Power, Phasor representation.

19
UNIT - V
RL , RC and RLC – Series , parallel and series parallel circuits, average
power and power factor , Impedance , complex impedance , complex
power , real and reactor powers, Response of RLC Networks to harmonic
excitation, Locus diagrams.
UNIT - VI
Resonance in RLC Circuits: Series resonance, parallel resonance,
bandwidth & quality factor. Implications with voltage and current excitation.
UNIT - VII
Three phase circuit analysis: 3 –phase sources & loads (balanced &
unbalanced) 3-phase, 4 -wire and 3 phase 3-wire systems. Analysis of
balanced and unbalanced circuits, 3-phase power.
UNIT - VIII
Network Theorems (with proofs) : Linearity and superposition,
superposition theorem , reciprocity theorem , Thevenin and Norton theorem,
compensation theorem, Millmann Theorem.
TEXT BOOK :
N.C.Jagan and C. Lakshmi Narayana, “Network Analysis”, 2nd Edition
B.S.Publications (From relevant chapters.), 2008.
REFERENCES :
1. M.E Van Valkenburg , “Network Analysis”, Prentice Hall of India,
PVT Ltd, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 1994.
2. Hayt and Kemmerly, “Circuit Analysis”, 6th Edition, TMH, 2003.

20
ENGLISH LANGUAGE LAB
Course Code: AHE1102 L T P C

0 0 3 2
The Language Lab focuses on the production and practice of sounds
of language and familiarizes the students with the use of English in everyday
situations and contexts.
Objectives :
• To make students recognise the sounds of English through Audio-
Visual aids and Computer Software.
• To help them overcome their inhibitions and self- consciousness while
speaking in English and to build their confidence. The focus shall
be on fluency rather than accuracy.
• To enable them to speak English correctly with focus on stress and
intonation.
Syllabus :
The following course content is prescribed for the English Language
Laboratory sessions:
1. Introduction to the Sounds of English- Vowels, Diphthongs &
Consonants.
2. Introduction to Stress and Intonation.
3. Situational Dialogues / Role Play.
4. Oral Presentations- Prepared and Extempore/Speaking personally
5. ‘Just A Minute’ Sessions (JAM).
6. Describing things / Narration
7. Information Transfer
8. Debate
9. Telephoning Skills.
10. Giving Directions.

21
Suggested Software :
• Cambridge Advanced Learners’ English Dictionary with CD.
• The Rosetta Stone English Library
• Clarity Pronunciation Power
• Mastering English in Vocabulary, Grammar, Spellings, Composition
• Dorling Kindersley series of Grammar, Punctuation, Composition
etc.
• Language in Use, Foundation Books Pvt Ltd with CD.
• Learning to Speak English - 4 CDs
• Microsoft Encarta with CD
• Murphy’s English Grammar, Cambridge with CD
References :
1. Spoken English (CIEFL) in 3 volumes with 6 cassettes, OUP.
2. Daniel Jones, “English Pronouncing Dictionary”, Current Edition
with CD.
3. R. K. Bansal and J. B. Harrison, “Spoken English”, Orient
Longman 2006.
4. J. Sethi, Kamlesh Sadanand & D.V. Jindal, “A Practical course
in English Pronunciation, (with two Audio cassettes)”, Prentice-
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. T.Balasubramanian (Macmillan), “A text book of English Phonetics
for Indian Students”, 18th Reprint, 2005.
6. English Skills for Technical Students, WBSCTE with British
Council, OL

22
ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
Course Code : AMT1101 L T P C

0 0 3 2
Aim : To provide hands on experience on basic Engineering and IT related
skills.
Objectives :
* To train the student in the basics of computer components,
maintenance, software(s) installation and office tools.
* To demonstrate and train the students in basic professional
trades.
Compulsory Exercises :
Identification of the peripherals of a computer, components in a
CPU and its functions - Block diagram of the CPU along with
the configuration of each peripheral. Disassembly and assembly
of a personal computer.
Installation of MS windows on the personal computer.
One lamp controlled by a one-way switch and (b) Two-way
switching for stair-case lamp
Any Nine Exercises From The Following :
Carpentry: Making a Cross-half lap joint using wooden pieces
Carpentry: Making a Mortise and Tenon joint using wooden
pieces
Fitting: Preparation of a V-fit between mild steel flat pieces
Fitting: Preparation of a Square-fit between mild steel flat pieces
Foundry: Preparation of a sand mould using a single piece pattern
Foundry: Preparation of a sand mould using a split piece pattern

23
Tin-Smithy: Preparation of a sheet metal pipe-joint using tin-

smithy tools
Tin-Smithy: Preparation of a sheet metal funnel using tin-smithy
tools
Welding: Making a Lap joint through arc welding
Lathe Machine: Demonstration of turning related activities on
Lathe machine
Black smithy: Demonstration of Black smithy trade
Plumbing: Demonstration of Plumbing trade
Installation of Linux on the computer wherein the windows
was installed. The system should be configured as dual boot
with both windows and Linux.
Hardware Troubleshooting : Identification of the problem of
a PC which does not boot (due to improper assembly or defective
peripherals) and fixing it to get the computer back to working
condition.
Software Troubleshooting : Identification of the problem of a
malfunctioning CPU (due to some system software problems)
and fixing it to get the computer back to working condition.
Connectivity Boot Camp : Connectivity to the Local Area
Network and accessibility to the Internet. TCP / IP setting.
Web Browsers, Surfing the Web : Customization the web
browsers with the LAN proxy settings, bookmarks, search
toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia
Flash and JRE for applets should be configured.
Using LaTeX and / word : Creation of project certificate.
Exposure to features like:- Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap
in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing,
Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date
and Time option in both LaTeX and / Word.
Creating project abstract : Features to be covered are:
Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Bullets and Numbering,

24
Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink,

Symbols, Spell Check, Track Changes.
Creating a Newsletter : Features to be covered are : Table of
Content, Newspaper columns, Images from files and clipart,
Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes
and Paragraphs
Creating a Feedback form - Features to be covered are:
Forms, Text Fields, Inserting objects, Mail Merge in Word.
Excel Orientation : Introduction of Excel as a Spreadsheet
tool, Using Excel –Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel
files, Using help and resources
Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered are: Gridlines,
Format Cells, Summation, auto fill, Formatting Text
Calculating GPA - Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing,
Formulae in excel – average, standard deviation, Charts,
Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count
function, LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Performance Analysis - Features to be covered:- Split cells,
freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical
operators, Conditional formatting
Power point presentation
Exposure to basic power point utilities and tools (PPT
Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting
Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows
in both LaTeX and Power point, Hyperlinks, inserting Images,
Clip Art, Audio, Video, Objects, Tables, Charts) .to create basic
power point presentation.

25
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LAB
Course Code : ABP1102 L T P C

0 0 3 2
AIM :
To give prerequisites to understand the advanced Physics & Chemistry
leading to applications in engineering field.
OBJECTIVES :
Training the students to understand the principles and concepts helpful in
performing experiments in laboratory classes individually. To mould them
to solve any technical problem in general.
LIST OF PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

Any SIX of the following experiments are to be performed during the
semester
01. Determination of rigidity modulus of the material of a given wire–
Torsional pendulum
02. Verification of laws of vibration of stretched string - Sonometer
03. Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens - Newton’s
rings
04. Determination of wavelength of spectral lines of a mercury
spectrum - Diffraction grating
05. Study of frequency response of LCR series and parallel resonant
circuits
06. Study of variation of magnetic field along a circular current carrying
conductor – Stewart & Gee apparatus
07. Determination of Hall coefficient and carrier concentration - Hall
effect

26
08. Study of I-V characteristics of a solar cell

09. Optical Fibers – Determination of numerical aperture and losses in
fibers
10. Measurement of dielectric constant of material by Waveguide method
LIST OF CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS

Any SIX of the following experiments are to be performed during the
semester.
1. Preparation of standard potassium dichromate and determination of
ferrous iron.
2. Determination of hardness of water by EDTA method.
3. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.
4. Determination of chlorides in water.
5. Determination of iron-II by potentiometric method.
6. Determination of viscosity of lubricant by viscometer.
7. Determination of flash and fire points of oils.
8. Determination of percentage residue of carbon in oils.
9. Determination of calorific value of solid fuels.
10. Colorometric determination of iron in cement.
REFERENCES :
1. J.Mendham Et.al., “Vogel’s text book of Quantitative Chemical
Analysis”, 6th Edn. Pearson Education.
2. Dr. K. B. Chandrasekhar, “Chemistry practical lab manual”.
3. K.Sudha Rani, “Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry”

SYLLABI FOR II SEMESTER
27
MATHEMATICS – II
(Common to all Branches)
Course Code : ABM1102 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM :
To impart the necessary fundamental principles that are essential to study
the core courses of Engineering
OBJECTIVE :
To motivate and inculcate the logical thinking and methodical approach to
solve mathematical problems
UNIT - I
Matrices: Rank – Normal form - Echelon form – Consistency – Solution
of system of simultaneous linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous
equations.(Gauss Jordan)
(2.8, 2.11)
UNIT - II
Eigen values, Eigen vectors – properties – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem (only
statement) - Inverse and powers of a matrix by Cayley-Hamilton theorem
– Diagonalisation of matrix. (2.14-2.17)
UNIT - III
Quadratic forms - Linear Transformation - Orthogonal Transformation.
Reduction of quadratic form to canonical form, Nature of the quadratic
form.
(2.12, 2.18 , 2.19).
UNIT - IV
Double and triple integrals, Change of order, change of variables
(7.1 – 7.3 , 7.5, 7.7).

28
UNIT - V
Vector Differentiation: Differentiation of vectors, Scalar and Vector point
functions. Gradient of a scalar field and directional derivatives- Divergence
and curl of a Vector field and it’s physical interpretation.
(8.1, 8.4 – 8.8)
UNIT - VI
Vector Integration - Line integral – -Circulation-work done - surface and
volume integrals Vector integral theorems: Green’s theorem- Stoke’s and
Gauss’s Divergence Theorem (Without proof). Verification of Green’s -
Stoke’s and Gauss’s Theorems. (8.10 – 8.17)
UNIT - VII
Fourier series: Euler’s formulae, Conditions for Fourier expansion, Change
of interval, even and odd functions, half range series.
(10.1 – 10.7)
UNIT - VIII
Fourier integral theorem – Fourier sine and cosine integrals. Fourier
transforms – Fourier sine and cosine transforms – properties – Finite
Fourier transforms.
(22.1 – 22.4)
TEXT BOOK :
1. Dr.B.S.Grewal “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40th Edition,
Khanna Publishers
REFERENCES :
1. Kreyszig E, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th Edn. John
Wiley, Singapore (2001)
2. Greenberg M D, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 2nd Edn,
Pearson Education, Singapore, Indian Print (2003).

29
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Course Code : AME1103 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES :
1. To develop logical thinking approach to engineering problems.
2. Calculation and estimation of fourses developed in various engineering
structures.
UNIT - I
SYSTEMS OF FORCES : Introduction – parallelogram law – Forces
and components - Resultant of coplanar concurrent forces - component
forces in space - vector notation – moment of force – principle of moments
– couples. Resultant of planar force systems and spatial concurrent force
system.
UNIT - II
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS : Equilibrium – free body
diagrams – Equations of equilibrium – equilibrium of planar systems –
graphical methods and analytical methods for equilibrium of planar systems
– equilibrium of spatial concurrent force systems.
UNIT - III
FRICTION: Introduction – Theory of friction – Angle of friction – Laws
of friction - static friction – Kinetic friction-friction in bodies moving up or
down on an inclined plane-screw friction and screw jack.
UNIT - IV
CENTROIDS AND CENTERS OF GRAVITY : Centre of gravity –
centroids of area and lines – determination of centroids by integration –
centroids of composite figures – theorems of Pappus.
UNIT - V
AREA MOMENT OF INERTIA : Moment of inertia – polar moment
of Inertia – Radius of gyration - Transfer theorem for moment of Inertia –
Moment of inertia of composite areas – product of inertia – Transfer formula
for product of Inertia.
30
MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA : Moment of inertia of masses –

Radius of gyration – Transfer formula for mass moment of inertia – Mass
moment of Inertia by Integration.
UNIT - VI
KINEMATICS : Rectilinear motion-curvilinear motion - Rectangular
components of curvilinear motion - Normal and Tangential components of
acceleration, Radial and transverse components - Kinematics of rigid
bodies - angular motion – fixed axis rotation – Definition and analysis of
plane motion.
UNIT - VII
KINETICS: Kinetics of rigid bodies – equation of planes motion – fixed
axis rotation – rolling bodies (simple examples) - general plane motion
(Simple examples).
UNIT - VIII
WORK ENERGY METHODS : Work energy equations for translation
– applications to particle motion – connected systems – fixed axis rotation
(Simple cases)
TEXT BOOKS :
1. I.B. Prasad, “Applied Mechanics”, Khanna Publishers, 19th Edition,
2009.
2. Ferdinand L. Singer, “Engineering Mechanics”, Harper Collins
Publishers India, 3rd Edition, 2008.
REFERENCES :
1. Irving. H. Shames, “Engineering Mechanics”, PHI Publishers,
4th Edition, 2008.
2. Timoshenko & Young , “Engineering Mechanics”, MGH Publishers,
4th Edition, 2010.
3. A.K. Tayal, “Engineering Mechanics”, Umesh Publishers,
13th Edition, 2008.
4. K.L. Kumar, “Engineering Mechanics”, TMH Publishers,
3rd Edition, 2009.
Q
31
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Course Code : ABE1101 L T P C

4 0 0 4
AIM :
To create awareness on environmental hazards.
OBJECTIVE :
The student shall acquire knowledge regarding utilization of natural
resources, and the imbalance in ecosystems, environmental pollution caused
by various practices and safe guards to be taken.
UNIT - I
MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES : Definition, Scope and Importance – Need for Public
Awareness.
UNIT - II
NATURAL RESOURCES : Renewable and non-renewable resources
– Natural resources and associated problems – Forest resources – Use
and over – exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber extraction –
Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water
resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods,
drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems -Mineral
resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources, case studies. - Food resources: World food
problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern
agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.
– Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable
energy sources use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. Land
resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides,
soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of
natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
32
UNIT - III
ECOSYSTEMS : Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of
an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow
in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and
ecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure
and function of the following ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems
(ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
UNIT - IV
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION : Introduction -
Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.- Bio-geographical
classification of India - Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive
use, social,ethical, aesthetic and option values - . Biodiversity at global,
National and local levels. - . India as a megadiversity nation - Hot-sports
of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife,
manwildlife conflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India -
Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Exsitu conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT - V
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION : Definition, Cause, effects and
control measures of :
a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT : Causes, effects and control
measures of urban and industrial wastes. – Role of an individual in
prevention of pollution. - Pollution case studies. - Disaster management:
floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

33
UNIT - VI
SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT : From Unsustainable
to Sustainable development -Urban problems related to energy -Water
conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management -Resettlement
and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies -
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. -Climate change, global
warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust.
Case Studies. -Wasteland reclamation. -Consumerism and waste products.
–Environment Protection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution)
Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act -Issues involved in
enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.
UNIT - VII
HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT : Population
growth, variation among nations. Population explosion - Family Welfare
Programme. -Environment and human health. -Human Rights. -Value
Education. -HIV/AIDS. -Women and Child Welfare. -Role of information
Technology in Environment and human health. -Case Studies.
UNIT - VIII
FIELD WORK : Visit to a local area to document environmental assets
River /forest grassland/hill/mountain -Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/
Rural/industrial/ Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, birds. - Study
of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
TEXT BOOKS :
1 Erach Bharucha, “Textbook of Environmental Studies for
Undergraduate Courses”, University Press, Reprint 2005.
2 R. Rajagopalan, “Environmental Studies”, Oxford University Press,
2nd Edn. 2011..
REFERENCE :
1. M. Anji Reddy, B “Textbook of Environmental Sciences and
Technology”
Q
34
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING THROUGH C

Course Code : ACT1102 L T P C
4 1 0 4
AIM :
To give the basic idea about programming.
OBJECTIVE :
To make the students capable of programming in high level computer
languages as well as applications.
UNIT - I
Algorithm, Flow chart, Program development steps, Basic structures of C
Language, C tokens, Data types and sizes, Declaration of variables,
Assigning values, Arithmetic, Relational and Logical operators, Increment
and decrement operators, Conditional operator, Bitwise operators, Type
conversions, Expressions, evaluation, Input output statements, blocks.
UNIT - II
If and switch statements, while, do while and for statements. C programs
covering all the above aspects.
UNIT - III
One dimensional and two dimensional arrays, Initialization, String variables
declaration, reading, writing, basics of functions, parameter passing, String
handling functions.
UNIT - IV
User defined functions, recursive functions, variables and storage classes,
scope rules, block structure, header files, C preprocessor, Example C
Programs.

35
UNIT - V
Pointers and arrays: Pointers and addresses, Pointers and arrays, Pointers
and function arguments, address arithmetic, character pointers and functions
UNIT - VI
Pointers to pointers, multi-dimensional arrays, initialization of pointer arrays,
command line arguments, pointers to functions, function pointers.
UNIT - VII
Structure definition, initializing, assigning values, passing of structures as
arguments, arrays of structures, pointers to structures, self reference to
structures, unions, type-defs, bit fields, C program examples.
UNIT - VIII
Console and file-I/O: Standard I/O, Formatted I/O, Opening and closing
of files, I/O operations on files, command line arguments.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Herbert Schild, “Complete Reference Using C”, 4th Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2009.
2. Yashawanth Kanethkar, “Let us C”, 9th Edition, BPB Publishers, 2009.
REFERENCES :
1. B.A.Fouruzan and R.F.Gilberg, “Computer Science, A structured
Programming Approach using C”, 3rd Edition, Thomson Publishers,
2008.
2. B.W.Kerninghan and Dennis M. Ritche, “C Programming Language”,
2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
3. Stephen G.Kochan, “Programming in C” 3rd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2005.
4. N. B. Venkateswarlu, E. V. Prasad, “C & Data structures”, 1st Edition,
S. Chand Publications, 2002.
Q
36
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Course Code : AEC1101 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES :
All electronic equipment in the world consist of various components Like
Diodes , Transistors, SCR etc. The different combinations of these active
components result in the development of new equipment for various
applications.
In this course the fundamental characteristics of various devices
(components) are studied. The applications of all these devices are
discussed.
UNIT - I
ENERGY BANDS AND CHARGE CARRIERS IN
SEMICONDUCTORS : Bonding forces in solids, energy bands, Metal,
Semiconductor, Insulators, Direct & Indirect Semiconductor, Variation of
energy bands with alloy composition, Electrons and holes, Effective mass,
Intrinsic and Extrinsic material, Fermi level, carrier concentrations at
equilibrium, temperature dependence of carrier concentrations,
compensation and space charge neutrality, conductivity, mobility, hall effect.
UNIT - II
EXCESS CARRIERS IN SEMICONDUCTORS : Direct
recombination, indirect recombination, Steady state carrier generation,
diffusion processes, diffusion and drift of carriers, continuity equation, steady
state carrier injection, diffusion length.
UNIT - III
PN JUNCTION : The contact potential , equilibrium Fermi levels, space
charges at a junction, qualitative and quantitative description of current
flow at a junction, carrier injection, majority and minority carrier current.
Zener & Avalanche Breakdown, time variation of stored charge, reverse
recovery transient, capacitance of PN Junction region, ohmic contacts.
37
UNIT - IV
SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE CHARACTERISTICS : V-I
characteristics of diode, temperature dependence, Zener diode
characteristics, Zener diode as series and shunt regulator, Varactor Diode,
LED, Photodiode, Solar cells.
UNIT - V
RECTIFIERS, FILTERS & REGULATORS : Half-wave rectifier,
ripple factor, full-wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier, harmonic components in
a rectifier circuit, inductor filter, capacitor filter, L- Section filters, multiple
L- section filter, PI filter, comparison of various filter circuits in terms of
ripple factor and regulation, Introduction to Power Supply and regulators.
UNIT - VI
BJT CHARACTERISTICS : Junction transistor, transistor current
components, transistor as an amplifier & switch, input and output
characteristics of transistor in C-B, C-E, C-C configurations, α, β and γ
relation, typical voltage values.
UNIT - VII
FET & UJT CHARACTERISTICS : JFET characteristics (qualitative
& quantitative discussion), MOSFET characteristics.
(Enhancement and Depletion Type), Negative resistance, UJT
characteristics and applications.
UNIT - VIII
SPECIAL DEVICES : Degenerate semiconductors, tunnel diode,
Semiconductor Lasers, PNPN device, SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, LCD,
Schottky diode.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Millman Jacob Halkias C Christos, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”,
2nd Edition, Tata Mcgrawhill Publications, 2007.
2. B.G. Streetman, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, 5th Edition, Prentice
Hall of India Publications, 2002.

38
REFERENCES :
1. B.Visweswara Rao, K.Bhaskarram Murthy, K.Raja Rajeswari,
P.Chalam Raju Pantulu, “Electronic Devices And Circuits”, Pearson
Publications, 2nd Edition, 2009.
2. Raju GSN, “Electronic Devices And Circuits”, IK International
st
Publishing House, 1 Edition, 2006.
3. Boylestad.Robert, “Electronic Devices And Circuits Theory”, PHI
th
4. Lal Kishore, “Electronic Devices & Circuits Vol I”, BSP publications,
nd
2 Edition, 2005.
5. Sanjeev Gupta, “Electronic Devices And Circuits”, Dhanpat Rai
Publications, Reprint, 2003.
6. K.Satyaprasad, “Electronic Devices And Circuits”, VGS Publications,
2006.

39
ELECTRONIC DEVICES LAB
Course Code: AEC1102 L T P C

0 0 3 2
Aim and Objectives :
The lab is intended for the student to get the hands on experience in deal-
ing with components. The experiments are conducted as per the circuits
given to them. The students shall make an attempt to find the similarities
and the dissimilarities between the text book data and the data observed
during the experimentation in the lab.
Any ten of the following experiments are to be performed dur-
ing the semester
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. PN Junction Diode Characteristics
2. Zener Diode Characteristics & Voltage Regulator
3. Rectifiers without Filters(Full wave & Half wave)
4. Rectifiers with Filters(Full wave & Half wave)
5. Bipolar Junction Transistor CB Characteristics
6. Bipolar Junction Transistor CE Characteristics
7. Bipolar Junction Transistor CC Characteristics
8. JFET Characteristics
9. MOSFET Characteristics
10. UJT Characteristics
11. LED Characteristics
12. TRIAC Characteristics
13. SCR Characteristics
14. DIAC Characteristics

40
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
Course Code : ACT1103 L T P C

0 0 3 2
AIM :
To give basic knowledge with practical orientation of programming language.
OBJECTIVE :
To train the students to write programmes in C language for different
applications.
LIST OF PROGRAMMES :
1. To write C programs for the following
a) Sum of individual digits of a positive integer.
b) A Fibonacci sequence is defined as follows: the first and second
terms in the sequence are 0 and 1.Subsequent terms are found
by adding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a c
program to generate to generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci
sequence.
2
a) To write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between
1 and n, where n is a value supplied by the user
b) To write a C program to calculate the following sum:
Sum=1+x2/2!+x4/4! ————— upto given ‘n’ terms.
c) To write a c program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.
3. To write C programs that uses both recursive and non-recursive
functions
i) To find the factorial of a given number.
ii) To find the GCD(greatest common divisor) of two given integers.
iii) To solve Towers of Hanoi problem.
41
4. The total distance traveled by vehicle in ‘t’ seconds is given by

distance=ut+1/2at2 where ‘u’ and ‘a’ are the initial velocity (m/sec)
and acceleration (m/sec2). Write a C program to find the distance
traveled at regular intervals of time given values of ‘u’ and ‘a’. The
program should provide the flexibility to the user to select his own
time intervals and repeat the calculations for different values of ‘u’
and ‘a’.
5. Using switch-case statement, write a C program that takes two
operands and one operator from the user, performs the operation
and then prints the answer. (consider operators +, -, *, and %).
6. Write a C program to find the largest and smallest number in a list of
integers.
7. Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following
a. Addition of Two Matrices
b. Multiplication of Two Matrices
8. Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following
operations
a. To insert a sub-string in to given main string from a given position
b. To delete n characters from a given position in given string.
9. Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or
not.
10.
a) Write a C program that displays the position or index in the
string S where the string T begins, or -1 if S does not contain
T.
b) Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a
given text.
11. To write a C program
a) to generate Pascal’s triangle
b) to construct a pyramid of numbers

42
12. To write a C program to read in two numbers, x and n, and then

compute the sum of this geometric progression 1+x+x2+x3+…xn
For example : if n is 3 and x is 5, then the program computes
1+5+25+125. print x,n, the sum.
Perform error checking. For example the formula does not make
sense for negative
Exponents – if n is less than 0. Have your program print an error
message if n<0, then go back and read in the nest pair of numbers of
without computing the sum. Are any values of x also illegal? If so, test
for them too..
a) to find the 2’s compliments of a binary number.
b) to convert a Roman numeral to its decimal equivalent
14. To write a C program that uses functions to perform the following
operations
a. Reading a complex number
b. Writing a complex number
c. Addition of 2 complex numbers
d. Multiplication of 2 complex numbers
(Note: represent complex number using a structure)
a) to copy the contents from one file to another.
b) to reverse the first n characters in a file.
(Note: the file name and n are specified on the command line)
c) to fine the no. of characters, no. of words, no. of lines in a given
file.
16. To implement the algorithms for the below given iterative methods
using C to find one root of the equation f(x)=x sinx + cosx=0
a) Bisection b) False Position c) Newton-Raphson
d) Successive approximation

43
17. To write C programs to implement the Lagrange interpolation

18. To implement the Newton- Gregory forward interpolation using C
language.
19. To implement in C the linear regression algorithm.
20. To implement in C the polynomial regression algorithm.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. P. Dey & M. Ghosh, “Programming in C”, Oxford Univ. Press
2. E. Balaguruswamy, “C and Data Structures”, TMH publications
3. P. Padmanabham, “C Programming and Data Structures”, 3rd Edition,
BS publications.
4. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar & R.K. Jain, “Numerical Methods for
Scientific and Engineering Computation”, New Age International
Publishers.
5. Aitkinson & Han, “Elementary Numerical Analysis”, Wiely India, 3rd
Edition 2006.

44
ENGINEERING DRAWING
Course Code : AME1102 L T P C

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVES :
1. To make the student familiar to the drawing practices and
convention
2. To familiarize the student about various engineering curves used
in industry
3. To enable the student draft simple engineering components.
LIST OF EXERCISES
1 Introduction to Engineering drawing & basics of Geometrical
construction
2 Construction of parabola, ellipse, hyperbola
3 Construction of Involutes and Cycloidal curves
4 Projections of points and lines inclined to one plane
5 Projections of lines inclined to both the planes
6 Projections of planes in simple positions, planes inclined to one plane
7 Projections of planes inclined to both the planes
8 Demonstration & Practice: Computer aided drafting of lines, planes
and dimensioning
9 Projections of solids in simple positions
10 Projections of solids inclined to both the planes
11 Isometric projections
12 Demonstration & Practice: Computer aided drafting of solids and
dimensioning.
45
TEXT BOOKS :
1. N.D. Bhatt, V.M. Panchal, “Engineering Drawing”, Charotar
Publication House, 49th Edition, 2008.
2. R.B. Choudary “Engineering graphics with Auto CAD”, Anuradha
Publishes
3. Trymbaka Murthy, “Computer Aided Engineering Drawing”, I.K.
International, 3rd Edn. I.K. International, 2007

46

SYLLABI FOR III SEMESTER
47
MATHEMATICS – III
(Common to ECE, EEE)
Course Code: ABM1104 L T P C

4 0 0 4
AIM:
To acquire basic knowledge in the theory of functions of complex variables
and special functions.
OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of this course is to introduce the special functions
and to develop the theory that is prominent in applications of the subject.
A special emphasis has been given to the application of residues and
conformal mappings.
UNIT-I
BETA AND GAMMA FUNCTIONS: Beta-function and Gamma
function, relation between Beta and Gamma functions, results and problems.
(7.14 - 7.16)
UNIT-II
BESSEL’S AND LEGENDRE’S FUNCTIONS: Bessel’s function,
Recurrence formulae, Expansions for J0(x), J1(x), Generating function,
Orthogonality of Bessel functions
Legendre’s function, Rodrigue’s formula, Recurrence formulae,
Orthogonality of Legendre polynomials. (16.6 – 16.9, 16.11, 16.13 –
16.17)
UNIT – III
FUNCTIONS OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE: Complex function,
Limit, Continuity and Derivative of a Complex function, Cauchy- Riemann
equations in Cartesian and polar form, Analytic functions, Harmonic
functions, Milne –Thomson method. (20.2 – 20.5)

48
UNIT- IV
ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE:
Exponential and Circular functions of a Complex variable, Hyperbolic and
Inverse Hyperbolic functions, Real and Imaginary parts of Circular and
Hyperbolic functions, Logarithmic function of a complex variable. (19.8
- 19.13)
UNIT- V
COMPLEX INTEGRATION: Complex Integration, Cauchy’s theorem,
Cauchy’s Integral Formula, Morera’s theorem, Cauchy’s inequality,
Liouville’s theorem, Poisson’s integral formulae. (20.12 - 20.15)
UNIT-VI
COMPLEX POWER SERIES: Series of complex terms, Taylor’s
series, Laurent’s series,Zeros of an analytic function (20.16 - 20.17)
UNIT-VII
RESIDUES: Residues, Residue theorem, Calculation of residues,
Evaluation of real definite integrals. (20.18 - 20.20)
UNIT-VIII
CONFORMAL MAPPINGS: Geometrical representation of w=f(z),
Standard transformations, bilinear transformation, Conformal
transformations: w=z2, w=z + 1/z, w=ez, w=sin z, w=cos z,
w=sinh z, w=cosh z. (20.7, 20.8, 20.10)
TEXT BOOK:
Dr.B.S.Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40th Edition, Khanna
Publishers
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. James Ward Brown & Ruel V. Churchill, “Complex Variables
and Applications”, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. Goyal JK , Gupta KP, “Functions Of A Complex Variable”,
Pragati Prakashan.
Q
49
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the basic design concepts of low frequency, high frequency
amplifiers and oscillators circuits using various transistors for different
applications.
UNIT-I
BIASING AND STABILIZATION: BJT biasing, DC equivalent model,
criteria for fixing operating point, methods of Bias stabilization, Thermal
runaway, Thermal stability, Compensation Techniques, Biasing of JFET
and MOSFET.
UNIT-II
SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS : h-parameter representation of a
transistor, Analysis of single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters:
AV, AI, Ri, Ro (CB, CE & CC), Small signal model of FET and MOSFET
(CG, CD & CS configurations).
UNIT -III
MULTI STAGE AMPLIFIERS: Concept of Multi Stage Amplifiers,
Methods of Inter Stage Coupling, Two Stage RC Coupled amplifier (CE
configuration), n –Stage Cascaded Amplifiers, Equivalent Circuits, Miller’s
Theorem, Frequency Effects, High Input Resistance Transistor Circuits:
Cascode Transistor Configuration, CE-CC Amplifiers, Frequency
response of RC Coupled Amplifiers using BJT, Gain Bandwidth Product.
UNIT -IV
HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS: Transistor at
High Frequencies, Hybrid-ð Common Emitter Transconductance Model,

50
Determination of Hybrid- ð Conductances, Variation of Hybrid Parameters

with |IC|, |VCE| and Temperature, The Parameters fô, expression for f á,
f â , Current Gain with Resistance Load, CE Short Circuit Current Gain.
UNIT- V
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS: Concept of feedback, Classification of
feedback amplifiers, General characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers,
Effect of Feedback on Amplifier characteristics, Analysis of negative
feedback amplifiers.
UNIT-VI
OSCILLATORS: Condition for oscillations, RC and LC type Oscillators:
Hartley, and Colpitts Oscillators, RC-phase shift and Wien-bridge oscillators
using BJT and JFET, Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators,
Crystal oscillators.
UNIT -VII
POWER AMPLIFIERS: Class- A Power Amplifier, Maximum Value
of Efficiency of Class- A Amplifier, Transformer Coupled Amplifier,
Transformer Coupled Audio Amplifier, Push Pull Amplifier, Complimentary
Symmetry Circuits (Transformer Less Class B Power Amplifier), Class
C Power Amplifier, Phase Inverters, Class D Operation, Class S Operation,
Heat Sinks.
UNIT -VIII
TUNED AMPLIFIERS: Single Tuned Capacitive Coupled Amplifier,
Tapped Single Tuned Capacitance Coupled Amplifier, Single Tuned
Transformer Coupled or Inductively Coupled Amplifier, CE Double
Tuned Amplifier, Stagger Tuning, Stability Considerations, Tuned Class
B and Class C Amplifiers, Wideband Amplifiers, Applications of Tuned
Amplifiers.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.Millman and C.C.Halkias, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”,
2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
2. R.L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and
Circuits”, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 10th Edition, 2008.

51
3. B.Visweswara Rao, K.Bhaskarram Murthy, K.Raja Rajeswari,

P.Chalam Raju Pantulu, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”,
Pearson Publications, 2nd Edition, 2009.
4. Raju GSN, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, IK International,
1st Edition, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. T.F. Bogart Jr., J.S.Beasley and G.Rico, “Electronic Devices
and Circuits”, Pearson Education, 6th edition, 2004.
2. S.G.Burns and P.R.Bond, “Principles of Electronic Circuits”,
Galgotia Publications, 2nd Edn.,1998.
3. Millman and Grabel, “Microelectronics”, 2nd Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2001.
4. S.Salivahanan, N.Suresh Kumar, A.Vallavaraj, “Electronic
Devices and Circuits”, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.
5. K. Lal Kishore, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, B.S.
Publications, 2nd Edition, 2005.

52
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
1. To introduce various signals & transforms that are involved in
audio & video communications.
2. To make students familiar with signal operations & system
analysis which are used in communications & signal processing.
UNIT-I
SIGNALANALYSIS: Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal
signal space, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean
square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality
in complex functions, Classification of signals, Singularity functions, Concept
of Impulse function, Unit step function, Signum function.
UNIT-II
FOURIER SERIES: Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time
periodic signals, Properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions,
Trigonometric Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Complex
Fourier spectrum.
UNIT-III
FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier
series, Fourier transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard
signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, Properties of Fourier
transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum
function, Introduction to Hilbert Transform.
UNIT-IV
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS:
Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time
invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Transfer function

53
of a LTI system, Filter characteristics of linear systems, Distortion less

transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, System bandwidth,
Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener
criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise
time.
UNIT-V
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS: Concept
of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical
representation of convolution, Convolution property of Fourier transforms,
Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation
function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density
spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power
spectral density function, Relation between convolution and correlation,
Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation,
Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
UNIT-VI
SAMPLING: Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for
Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling,
Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling –
Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.
UNIT-VII
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Review of Laplace transforms, Partial
fraction expansion, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of
convergence (ROC), constraints on ROC for various classes of signals,
Properties of L.T’s. Relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal, Laplace
transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
UNIT-VIII
Z–TRANSFORMS: Fundamental difference between continuous and
discrete time signals, discrete time signal representation using complex
exponential and sinusoidal components, Concept of Z- Transform of a
discrete sequence, Distinction between Laplace, Fourier and Z transforms,
Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on ROC for various
classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, Properties of Z-transforms.

54
TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.P. Lathi, “Signals, Systems & Communication”, BS
Publications, 5th Reprint 2008.
2. A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, “Signals and
Systems”, PHI, 2nd Edition, 1997.
3. K.Raja Rajeswari, B.Visvesvara Rao, “Signals & Systems”,
1st Edition, PHI, 2009.
4. P.Rama Krishna Rao, “Signals & Systems”, 1st Edition, TMH,
2008.
REFERENCES:
1. Simon Haykin and Van Veen, “Signals & Systems”, Wiley, 2nd
Edition, 2002.
2. M.E. Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”, PHI Publications,
3rd Edn., 2000.
3. Robert, “Signals & Systems Analysis Using Transformation
Methods & MATLAB”, TMH, 2003.
4. C. L. Philips, J.M.Parr and Eve A.Riskin, “Signals, Systems and
Transforms”, Pearson Education. 3rd Edition, 2004.

55
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: AEE1137 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize the student with the principles of Electro-Mechanical Energy
Conversion with D.C, A.C Machines that find wide application in industry.
The course covers construction, Principle of D.C, A.C Machines and
Instruments.
OBJECTIVE:
In this course the different types of Instruments, DC generators, DC
motors, Induction Motors, Alternators and Single Phase Motors which
are widely used in industry are covered and their performance aspects
will be studied.
UNIT-I
DC GENERATORS: Principle of operation of DC Machines- EMF
equation – Types of generators – Magnetization and load characteristics
of DC generators
UNIT-II
DC MOTORS: DC Motors – Types of DC Motors – Characteristics
of DC motors – 3-point starters for DC shunt motor – Losses and
efficiency – Swinburne’s test – Speed control of DC shunt motor – Flux
and Armature voltage control methods.
UNIT-III
TRANSFORMERS: Principle of operation of single phase transformer
– types – Constructional features – Phasor diagram on No Load and
Load – Equivalent circuit
UNIT-IV
PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFORMERS: Losses and Efficiency
of transformer and Regulation–OC and SC tests – Predetermination of
efficiency and regulation (Simple Problems).

56
UNIT –V
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR: Principle of operation of
three-phase induction motors –Slip ring and Squirrel cage motors –
Torque equation-Slip-Torque characteristics – Efficiency calculation –
Starting methods.
UNIT –VI
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES: Constructional features – Principle
of operation – Types - EMF Equation – Distribution and Coil span factors
– Armature parameters-armature resistance-synchronous reactance-phasor
diagram-unity power factor-lagging power factor –leading power factor-
Predetermination of regulation by Synchronous Impedance Method –
OC and SC tests-principle of operation of synchronous motors.
UNIT- VII
SINCE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS: Principle of operation -
Shaded pole motors – Capacitor motors, AC servomotor, AC tachometers,
Synchros, Stepper Motors – Characteristics.
UNIT-VIII
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS: Types of instruments (Indicating,
Integrating, Recording) - Basic Principles of indicating instruments –
Moving Coil and Moving Iron Instruments (Ammeters and Voltmeters)
wattmeters and energy meters.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M.S Naidu and S.Kamakshaiah, “Introduction to Electrical
Engineering”, TMH Pubications..
2. Vincent Del Toro, “Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, PHI
Publishers 2nd Edition.
REFERENCES:
1. V.K Mehta, “Principles of Electrical Engineering”, S.Chand
Publications.
2. I.J. Nagrath and D.P Kothari, “Theory and Problems of Basic
Electrical Engineering”, PHI Publications.
3. David V. Kerns, JR. J. David Irwin, “Essentials of Electrical and
Computer Engineering”.
57
PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS


4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
1. To design Linear & Non Linear waveshaping Circuits.
2. To design Logic circuits using semiconductor devices.
3. Generation of various waveforms.
UNIT -I
LINEAR WAVESHAPING: Low pass &High pass RC circuits, their
response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and ramp inputs, RC network
as differentiator and integrator, attenuators, its applications in CRO probe,
RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input, Ringing circuit.
UNIT -II
NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING: Diode clippers, Transistor clippers,
clipping at two independent levels, Transfer characteristics of clippers,
Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of voltage comparators,
clamping operation, clamping circuits using diode with different inputs,
Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits, effect of diode
characteristics on clamping voltage, Transfer characteristics of clampers.
UNIT -III
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES: Diode as a
switch, piecewise linear diode characteristics, Transistor as a switch,
Break down voltage consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of
Transistor and their variation with temperature, Design of transistor switch,
transistor-switching times.

58
UNIT -IV
MULTIVIBRATORS: Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable,
Astable Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger using transistors.
UNIT -V
TIME BASE GENERATORS: General features of a time base signal,
methods of generating time base waveform, Miller and Bootstrap time
base generators – basic principles, Transistor miller time base generator,
Transistor Bootstrap time base generator, Current time base generators.
UNIT-VI
SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION: Principles
of Synchronization, Frequency division in sweep circuit, Astable relaxation
circuits, Monostable relaxation circuits, Synchronization of a sweep circuit
with symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division with a sweep
circuit.
UNIT-VII
SAMPLING GATES: Basic operating principles of sampling gates,
Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling gates, Reduction of pedestal
in gate circuits, Applications of sampling gates.
UNIT -VIII
REALIZATION OF LOGIC GATES USING DIODES &
TRANSISTORS: AND, OR gates using Diodes, Resistor, Transistor
Logic, Diode Transistor Logic.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J. Millman and H. Taub, Pulse, “Digital and Switching
Waveforms”, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
2. A. Anand Kumar, “Pulse and Digital Circuits”, PHI, 2nd Edition,
2005.
REFERENCES:
1. David A. Bell, “Solid State Pulse Circuits”, PHI, 4th Edn., 2002
2. L. Strauss, “Wave Generation and Shaping”, 2nd Edition, TMH,
1970.
3. R.Venkataraman, “Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer
Fundamentals”, 3rd Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publications, Delhi
1994.
Q
59
SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN

Course Code : AEC1106 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
1. To design combinational & sequential digital circuits used in
digital systems.
2. To introduce programmable logic devices.
UNIT-I
NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES: Philosophy of number systems,
complement representation of negative numbers,binary arithmetic,binary
codes,error detecting & error correcting codes, hamming codes.
UNIT-II
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND SWITCHING FUNCTIONS:
Fundamental postulates of Boolean Algebra, Basic theorems and
properties, switching functions,Canonical and Standard forms,Algebraic
simplification digital logic gates, properties of XOR gates,universal
gates,Multilevel NAND/NOR realizations.
UNIT-III
MINIMIZATION OF SWITCHING FUNCTIONS: Map method,
Prime implicants, Don’t care combinations, Minimal SOP and POS
forms, Tabular Method, Prime –Implicants chart, simplification rules.
UNIT-IV
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN: Design using conventional
logic gates, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer, Modular
design using IC chips, MUX Realization of switching functions, Parity bit
generator, Code-converters, Hazards and hazard free realizations.
UNIT -V
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES, THRESHOLD LOGIC:
Basic PLD’s-ROM, PROM, PLA, PAL Realization of Switching functions,

60
Capabilities and limitations of Threshold gate, Synthesis of Threshold

functions, Multigate Synthesis.
UNIT -VI
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - I: Classification of sequential circuits
(Synchronous, Asynchronous, Pulse mode, Level mode with examples),
Basic flip-flops-Triggering and excitation tables, registers, shift registers,
Steps in synchronous sequential circuit design, synchronous counters,
ripple counters.
UNIT -VII
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - II: Design of modulo-N Ring & Shift
counters, Serial binary adder, sequence detector, Finite state machine-
capabilities and limitations, Mealy and Moore models-minimization of
completely specified sequential machines, Partition techniques, incompletely
specified sequential machines using merger table.
UNIT -VIII
ALGORITHMIC STATE MACHINES: Salient features of the ASM
chart, Simple examples, System design using data path and control
subsystems, control implementations, examples of weighing machine and
binary multiplier.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2006.
2. Zvi Kohavi, “Switching & Finite Automata theory”, TMH, 2nd
Edition, 2008.
3. R.P.Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, TMH, 3rd Edition, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Fletcher, “An Engineering Approach to Digital Design”, PHI,
1980.
2. Charles H. Roth, “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, Thomson
Publications, 5th Edition, 2004.
3. John M. Yarbrough, “Digital Logic Applications and Design”,
Thomson Learning Publications, 2001.
Q
61
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To design & implement various electronic circuits such as amplifiers and
oscillators.Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using Multisim
or Pspice or Equivalent Simulation Software and Testing in the Hardware
Laboratory.
EXPERIMENTS:
1. CE Amplifier
2. CC Amplifier (Emitter Follower).
3. Two stage R-C coupled Amplifier.
4. Feedback amplifier (Current Series).
5. Feedback amplifier (Voltage Series).
6. Feedback amplifier (Current Shunt).
7. Feedback amplifier (Voltage Shunt)
8. FET amplifier (Common Source)
9. Wien Bridge Oscillator
10. RC Phase Shift Oscillator
11. Colpitts Oscillator.
12. Crystal Oscillator
13. Class A Power Amplifier (Transformer less)
14. Class B Complementary Symmetry Amplifier
15. Series Voltage Regulator
16. Shunt Voltage Regulator
17. Tuned Amplifier
Note: Any TEN of the above experiments are to be conducted.
Q
62
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB

0 0 3 2
AIM:
To introduce the Network theorems and AC & DC Machines basic
concepts.
OBJECTIVE:
The Lab is intended for the students to get hands on experience in dealing
with Network theory, AC & DC Machines and their performance.
PART – A
1. Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws.
2. Series Resonance – Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Q-
factor determination for RLC network.
3. Time response of first order R-L and R-C network for periodic
Non-sinusoidal inputs – time constant and steady state error
determination.
4. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.
5. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem.
6. Experimental determination of Thevenin’s equivalent circuits and
verification by direct test.
PART – B
1. Magnetization characteristics of D.C. Shunt generator.
Determination of critical field resistance and critical speed.
2. Swinburne’s Test on DC shunt machine.
3. Brake test on DC shunt motor.
4. OC & SC tests on Single-phase transformer.
5. Brake test on 3-phase Induction motor.
6. Regulation of alternator by synchronous impedance method.
Note: Any FIVE experiments from Part-A and FIVE experiments
from Part-B are to be conducted.
Q
SYLLABI FOR IV SEMESTER
63
MATHEMATICS – IV
Course Code: ABM1107 L T P C

4 0 0 4
AIM:
To acquire basic knowledge of probability and numerical computation.
OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of this course is to introduce the Mathematical
concepts of probability that are sufficiently general they can apply to any
suitably defined random phenomena and also shall be able to apply
methods of numerical computation for real time problems.
UNIT-I
PROBABILITY: Probability Introduced through Sets and Relative
Frequency, Joint and Conditional Probability, Independent Events,
Combined Experiments, (1.3 – 1.6 of [1])
UNIT-II
RANDOM VARIABLE-EXPECTATION: The Random Variable
Concept, Distribution Function, Density Function, The Gaussian Random
Variable, Conditional Distribution and Density Function, Expectation,
Transformations of a Random Variable. ( 2.1 –2.4, 2.6, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4 of
[1] )
UNIT-III
MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES: Vector Random Variables,
Joint Distribution and Its Properties, Joint Density and Its Properties,
Conditional Distribution and Density, Statistical Independence, Distribution
and Density of a sum of Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem
(without proof). 4.1 – 4.7 of [1])

64
UNIT-1V
OPERATIONS ON MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES :
Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables, Jointly Gaussian
Random Variables, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables.
(5.1, 5.3, 5.4 of [1] )
UNIT- V
RANDOM PROCESS – TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS: The
Random Process Concept, Stationarity and Independence, Correlation
Functions, Measurement of Correlation Functions, Gaussian Random
Processes, Poisson Random Process (6.1 – 6.6 of [1] )
UNIT- VI
SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL
EQUATIONS: Introduction to Numerical Methods, Solution of algebraic
and transcendental equations-Bisection method, method of false position,
Newton’s method, Iteration method, Finite differences, Differences of a
polynomial, Difference operators
(28.1, 28.2, 29.1, 29.2 & 29.4 of [2] )
UNIT-VII
INTERPOLATION: Newton’s interpolation formulae, Central difference
interpolation formulae, Interpolation with unequal intervals – Lagrange’s
formula, Newton’s divided difference formula, Inverse interpolation.
( 29.5, 29.6, 29.8& 29.9 of [2] )
UNIT-VIII
NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION:
Numerical differentiation, Numerical Integration – Newton-cote’s formula,
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, Simpson’s 3/8th rule, Weddle’s
rule. (29.10, 29.12 of [2])
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr., Ph.D. “Probability, Random Variables
and Random Signal Principles”, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2002.
65
2. Dr. B.S.Grewal “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40th Edition,

Khanna Publishers
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Athanasios Papoulis and S.Unnikrishna Pillai, “Probability,
Random Variables and Stochastic Processes”, PHI, 4th Edition
2002.
2. M.K.Jain, S.R.K.Iyengar and R.K.Jain, “Numerical Methods
for Scientific and Engineering Computation”, New age
International Publishers.
3. S. S. Sastry, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis”,
Prentice Hall India Pvt., Limited.

66
DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
1. Familiarization of various Digital Logic families
2. Design of digital circuits using VHDL Programming.
UNIT -I
LOGIC FAMILIES: Introduction to logic families, RTL, DCTL, DTL,
HTL, IIL, TTL, Schottky TTL and Emitter coupled logic, NMOS,
PMOS, CMOS logic, Comparison of logic families.
UNIT -II
CMOS INTERFACING: CMOS steady state electrical behavior,
CMOS dynamic electrical behavior, CMOS logic families, CMOS/TTL
interfacing, low voltage CMOS logic and interfacing, Familiarity with
standard 74xx and CMOS 40xx series ICs—specifications.
UNIT -III
VHDL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE: Design flow,
program structure, types and constants, functions and procedures, libraries
and packages.
UNIT -IV
VHDL DESIGN ELEMENTS: Structural design elements, data flow
design elements, behavioral design elements, time dimension and simulation
synthesis.
UNIT -V
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN: Decoders, encoders, three
state devices, multiplexers and demultiplexers, Code Converters, EX-OR
gates and parity circuits, comparators, adders & subtractors, Basic
Concepts of ALUs, Combinational multipliers, VHDL models for the
above ICs.
67
UNIT -VI
DESIGN EXAMPLES: Design examples (using VHDL) - Barrel shifter,
comparators, floating-point encoder, dual parity encoder.
UNIT -VII
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC DESIGN: Latches and flip-flops, PLDs,
counters, shift register, and their VHDL models, synchronous design
methodology, impediments to synchronous design.
UNIT -VIII
MEMORIES: ROM - Internal structure, 2D-decoding commercial
types, timing and applications.
Static RAM - Internal structure, SRAM timing, standard SRAMS,
synchronous SRAMS.
Dynamic RAM - Internal structure, timing, synchronous DRAMs.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. John F.Wakerly, “Digital Design Principles & Practices”, PHI/
Pearson Education Asia, 3rd Ed., 2005.
2. J.Bhasker, “VHDL Primer”, Pearson Education, PHI, 3rd Edition,
1989.
REFERENCES:
1. Charles H. Roth Jr., “Digital System Design Using VHDL”,
PWS Publications, 1998.
2. Alan B. Marcovitz, “Introduction to Logic Design”, TMH,
2nd Edition, 2005.
3. Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vramesic, “Fundamentals of
Digital Logic with VHDL Design”, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition.
2005.
4. R.P.Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, Mc Graw Hill, 3rd
Edition, 2006.
Q
68
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To impart the knowledge about different modulation & demodulation
techniques which are used in analog communication systems.
UNIT -I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to communication system, Need for
modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing, Amplitude Modulation,
Definition, Time domain and frequency domain description, single tone
modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves,
square law Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves;
Square law detector, Envelope detector.
UNIT -II
DSB MODULATION AND DEMODULATION: Double side band
suppressed carrier modulators, time domain and frequency domain
description, Generation of DSBSC Waves, Balanced Modulators, Ring
Modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves, COSTAS
Loop.
UNIT -III
SSB MODULATION AND DEMODULATION: Frequency domain
description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of AM SSB
Modulated Wave, Time domain description, Phase discrimination method
for generating AM SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB Waves,
Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of
VSB Modulated wave, Time domain description, Envelope detection of
a VSB Wave pulse Carrier, Comparison of AM Techniques, Applications
of different AM Systems.

69
UNIT -IV
ANGLE MODULATION: Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation:
Single tone frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM
Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power,
Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave.
UNIT -V
GENERATION AND DETECTION OF FM: Generation of FM
Waves: Direct (Parameter Variation) and Indirect (Armstrong) methods,
Detection of FM Waves: Single slope detector, Stagger tuned detector,
Foster-Seeley discriminator, Ratio detector, Zero crossing detector, Phase
locked loop, Comparison of PM, FM & AM.
UNIT -VI
MODELING OF NOISE SOURCES: Resistive (Thermal) Noise
Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Effective
Noise Temperature of cascaded networks, Antenna as a Noise Source,
Modeling of Practical Noisy Networks: Average Noise Figures,
Relationship between Average Noise Figure and Effective Noise
Temperature, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks.
UNIT -VII
NOISE IN MODULATION SYSTEM: Noise in Analog communication
System, System Noise in AM System, Noise in DSB System & Noise
in SSB System, Introduction to Noise in Angle Modulation System,
Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis & de-
emphasis.
UNIT -VIII
PULSE MODULATION: Time Division Multiplexing, Types of Pulse
modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double polarity), PWM: Generation
& demodulation of PWM (Direct and Indirect methods), PPM, Generation
and demodulation of PPM.

70
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Simon Haykin, John Wiley, “Principles of Communication
Systems”, 3rd Edition, 1994.
2. H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, “Principles of
Communication Systems”, TMH, 2007 3rdEdition.
3. B.P. Lathi, “Communication Systems”, BS Publication, 2006.
4. George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, “Electronics &
Communication System”, TMH 2004.
REFERENCES:
1. R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, “Communication Systems”, 2nd Edition,
TMH, 2007.
2. John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi, “Fundamentals of
Communication Systems” PEA, 2006.

71
LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
1. Study of linear ICs for various applications.
2. To design the analog electronic circuits such as amplifiers,
oscillators, filters using linear ICs.
UNIT -I
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS: Differential Amplifier- DC and AC
analysis of Dual input Balanced output Configuration, Properties of other
differential amplifier configuration (Dual Input Unbalanced Output, Single
Ended Input – Balanced/ Unbalanced Output), DC Coupling and Cascade
Differential Amplifier Stages, Level translator.
UNIT - II
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Integrated circuits-Types, Classification,
Package Types and temperature ranges, Power supply requirements,
Op-Amp Block Diagram, Characteristics of OP-Amps, ideal and practical
Op-Amp specifications, DC and AC characteristics: 741 op-amp & its
features, Op-Amp parameters & their measurements, Input & Output
Offset voltages & currents, slew rate, CMRR, PSRR, Drift, Frequency
Compensation techniques.
UNIT -III
LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP- AMPS: Inverting and Non-
inverting amplifier, Integrator and differentiator, Difference amplifier,
Instrumentation amplifier, AC amplifier, Voltage to current and current
to Voltage converters, Buffers.
UNIT -IV
NON-LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP- AMPS: Comparators,
Schmitt Trigger, Multivibrators, Triangular and Square wave generators,
Log and Anti log amplifiers, Precision rectifiers.
UNIT -V
FILTERS AND OSCILLATORS: Introduction, Butter worth filters

72
– 1st order, 2nd order LPF, HPF filters, Band pass, Band reject and
All pass filters, Oscillators – Introduction, classification: RC and Wien
bridge oscillators, VCO (566).
UNIT -VI
TIMERS & PHASE LOCKED LOOPS: Introduction to 555 timer,
functional diagram, Monostable and Astable operations and applications,
555 timer as Schmitt Trigger. PLL - introduction, block schematic, principles
and description of individual blocks, 565 PLL, Applications of PLL –
frequency multiplication, frequency translation, AM, FM & FSK
demodulators.
UNIT -VII
D to A & A to D CONVERTERS: Introduction, basic DAC techniques,
weighted resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and
IC 1408 DAC, Different types of ADCs - parallel comparator type ADC,
counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC and dual slope ADC.
DAC and ADC Specifications, IC AD574 (12 bit ADC).
UNIT -VIII
VOLTAGE REGULATORS: Voltage Regulator Types, Fixed and
Variable voltage regulators, IC723 voltage regulator, Three Terminal
Voltage Regulators – IC 7805, Switching Regulator IC 1723, Balanced
modulator IC 1496.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, “Op-Amps & Linear ICs”, 4th Edition,
PHI, 2002.
2. D. Roy Chowdhury, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, New Age
International (P) Ltd, 2nd Edition,2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers & Analog
Integrated Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 1988.
2. R.F.Coughlin & Fredrick Driscoll, “Operational Amplifiers &
Linear Integrated Circuits”, PHI, 5th Edition, 1998.
3. Millman, “Micro Electronics”, McGraw Hill,2001.
4. C.G. Clayton, “Operational Amplifiers”, 5th Edition, Newnes
Publishers, 2003.
Q
73
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
(Common to ECE, CSE, IT)
Course Code: ACT1104 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To give detailed information about the structure of computers and internal
organization of different units regarding memory I/O devices registers.
OBJECTIVE:
Student will get an idea about the internal organization of the computer
system and its internal operations.
UNIT-I
BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer Types,
Functional unit, Basic operational concepts, Bus structures, Software,
Performance, multiprocessors and multi computers, Multicore processors,
Data Representation. Fixed Point Representation & Arithmetic, Error
Detection codes.
UNIT-II
REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE AND MICRO
OPERATIONS: Register Transfer language, Register Transfer Bus and
memory transfers, Arithmetic Micro-operations, logic micro operations,
shift micro operations, Arithmetic logic shift unit. Instruction codes.
Computer Registers Computer instructions – Instruction cycle.
Memory – Reference Instructions. Input – Output and Interrupt. STACK
organization. Instruction formats. Addressing modes. DATA Transfer and
manipulation. Program control. Reduced Instruction set computer.

74
UNIT-III
MICRO PROGRAMMED CONTROL: Control memory, Address
sequencing, microprogram example, design of control unit Hard wired
control. Microprogrammed control
UNIT-IV
COMPUTER ARITHMETIC: Addition and subtraction, multiplication
Algorithms, Division Algorithms, Floating – Point Representation, Floating
– point Arithmetic operations, Decimal Arithmetic unit Decimal Arithmetic
operations.
UNIT-V
THE MEMORY SYSTEM: Basic concepts, semiconductor RAM
memories, Read-only memories Cache memories performance
considerations, Virtual memories secondary storage. Introduction to RAID,
Hierarchical memory features.
UNIT-VI
INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Peripheral Devices, Input-
Output Interface, Asynchronous data transfer Modes of Transfer, Priority
Interrupt Direct memory Access, Input –Output Processor (IOP) Serial
communication; Introduction to peripheral component, Interconnect (PCI)
bus. Introduction to standard serial communication protocols like RS232,
USB, IEEE1394.
UNIT-VII
PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING: Parallel Processing,
Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, RISC Pipeline Vector
Processing, Array Processors.
UNIT-VIII
MULTI PROCESSORS: Characteristics or Multiprocessors,
Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor Arbitration. InterProcessor
Communication and Synchronization Cache Coherance. Shared Memory
Multiprocessors.

75
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, “Computer
Organization”, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2009.
2. M.Moris Mano, “Computer Systems Architecture”, 3rd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. William Stallings, “Computer Organization and Architecture”,
6th Edition, Pearson Education 2006.
2. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Structured Computer Organization”,
5th Edition, PHI/Pearson Education, 2006.
3. Sivaraama Dandamudi, “Fundamentals of Computer
Organization and Design”, Springer Int. Edition, Springer, 2009.
4. John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, “Computer
Architecture a Quantitative Approach”, 4th Edition Elsevier,
2009.
5. Joseph D. Dumas II, “Computer Architecture - Fundamentals
and principles of Computer Design”, 1st Edition, BS Publication,
2010.
6. John P. Hayes, “Computer Architecture and Organization”, 3rd
Edition, Tata McGraw hill, 2009.

76
EM WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To impart the fundamental knowledge about the Static & Time varying
fields used in different media such as free space, transmission lines and
wave guides.
UNIT -I
ELECTROSTATICS: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity – Fields
due to Different Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law
and Applications, Electric Potential, Relations Between E and V, Maxwell’s
Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Related Problems,
Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and
Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time, Poisson’s
and Laplace’s Equations; Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial, Spherical
Capacitors.
UNIT -II
MAGNETOSTATICS: Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and
Applications, Magnetic Flux Density, Maxwell’s Two Equations for
Magneto static Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due
to Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic
Energy.
UNIT -III
MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law
and Transformer emf, Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and Displacement
Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and Word
Statements. Conditions at a Boundary Surface: Dielectric-Dielectric,
Dielectric-Conductor and conductor-free space Interfaces.
77
UNIT -IV
EM WAVE CHARACTERISTICS - I: Wave Equations for Conducting
and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform Plane Waves – Definition, All
Relations between E & H, Sinusoidal Variations, Wave Propagation in
Lossless and Conducting Media, Conductors & Dielectrics –
Characterization, Wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good
Dielectrics, Polarization.
UNIT -V
EM WAVE CHARACTERUISTICS – II: Reflection and Refraction
of Plane Waves, Normal and Oblique Incidences for both Perfect
Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and
Total Internal Reflection, Surface Impedance, Poynting Vector and Poynting
Theorem – Applications.
UNIT -VI
TRANSMISSION LINES - I: Types, Parameters, Transmission Line
Equations, Primary & Secondary Constants, Expressions for Characteristic
Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite
Line Concepts, Loss less ness /Low Loss Characterization, Distortion
– Condition for Distortionless and Minimum Attenuation, Loading - Types
of Loading.
UNIT -VII
TRANSMISSION LINES – II: Input Impedance Relations, SC and
OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, UHF Lines as Circuit Elements,
ë/4, ë/2, ë/8 Lines – Impedance Transformations, Smith Chart –
Configuration and Applications, Single and Double Stub Matching.
UNIT -VIII
WAVEGUIDES: Introduction, TE, TM, TEM Modes - Concepts and
Analysis, Cut-off Frequencies, Velocities, Wavelengths, Wave Impedances,
Attenuation Factor – Expression for TE, TM and TEM Case, Circular
waveguides (qualitative treatment).

78
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Matthew N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, Oxford
Univ. Press, 3rd Edition, 2001.
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and
Radiating Systems”, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.
3. Umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan, “Transmission Lines and
Networks”, Tech. India Publications, New Delhi, 2001.
4. G.S.N. Raju, “Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission
Lines”, Pearson Edn. Pte. Ltd., 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Nathan Ida, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, Springer (India)
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 2005.
2. John D. Ryder, “Networks, Lines and Fields”, PHI, 2nd Edition,
1999.
3. William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, “Engineering
Electromagnetics”, TMH, 7th Edition, 2006.

79
IC and PDC LAB
CourseCode: AEC1112 L T P C
0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
1. To design analog circuits using linear ICs for various applications.
2. To design electronic circuits for generation of linear and non –
linear wave forms using discrete components.
EXPERIMENTS:
1. Linear wave shaping.
2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers and Clampers.
3. Astable Multivibrator.
4. Monostable Multivibrator.
5. Schmitt Trigger.
6. Bootstrap sweep circuit.
7. Integrator and differentiator using IC 741
8. Band Pass and Band stop filters using IC 741.
9. Function Generator using IC 741.
10. Astable and Monostable Multivibrator using 555 Timer.
11. PLL Using IC 565.
12. Voltage regulator using IC 723.
13. Study of Logic Gates using Discrete components.
14. 4-bit D/A converter.

80
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
To design various modulation & demodulation processes using different
methods used in analog communication systems.
1. Amplitude modulation and demodulation.
2. MATLAB Simulation of Amplitude modulation and demodulation
3. Frequency modulation and demodulation.
4. Balanced modulator.
5. MATLAB Simulation of DSB-SC Modulation and Demodulation
6. Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis.
7. Characteristics of mixer.
8. Digital Phase detector.
9. Phase locked loop.
10. Synchronous detector.
11. SSB system.
12. Spectral analysis of AM and FM signals using spectrum analyzer.
13. Squelch Circuit.
14. Frequency Synthesizer.
15. AGC Characteristics.
Note: Minimum TEN experiments should be conducted.

SYLLABI FOR V SEMESTER
81
CONTROL SYSTEMS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To study the Time frequency Response Analysis and various methods to
find out stability of Control Systems.
OBJECTIVE:
In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the principles and
applications of control systems in everyday life. The basic concepts of
block diagram reduction, time domain analysis solutions to time invariant
systems and also deals with the different aspects of stability analysis of
systems in frequency domain and time domain.
UNIT – I
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING: Concepts of Control Systems-
Open Loop and closed loop control systems and their differences-
Different examples of control systems- Classification of control systems,
Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects of feedback.
Mathematical models – Differential equations, transfer functions - Block
diagram representation of systems considering electrical systems as
examples -Block diagram algebra – Representation by Signal flow graph
– Reduction using Mason’s gain formula.
UNIT II
TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION: Translational and
Rotational mechanical systems, Transfer Function of DC Servo motor -
AC Servo motor- Synchro transmitter and Receiver, DC and AC
position control systems
UNIT-III
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS AND STABILITY: Standard test
signals - Time response of first order systems – Characteristic Equation
of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems
82
- Time domain specifications – Steady state response - Steady state

errors and error constants.
The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion – qualitative stability
and conditional stability – limitations of Routh’s stability
UNIT – IV
ROOT LOCUS ANALYSIS: The root locus concept - construction of
root loci-effects of adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root loci.
UNIT – V
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS-I: Introduction, Frequency
domain specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination of Frequency domain
specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase margin
and Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots.
UNIT – VI
Frequency Response Analysis-II
Polar Plots- Nyquist Plots- Stability Analysis
UNIT – VII
CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES: Compensation
techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag Controllers design in frequency Domain,
– Effects of proportional derivative, proportional integral systems. PID
Controllers.
UNIT – VIII
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS:
Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of state
models from block diagrams, Diagonalization- Solving the Time invariant
state Equations- State Transition Matrix and it’s Properties – Concepts
of Controllability and Observability.
Text Books:
1. I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering”,
New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 2nd Edition.
2. Norman. S. Nise, “Control Systems Engineering”, 3rd Edition,
John wiley & Sons.

83
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Katsuhiko Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition, 1998.
2. N. K. Sinha, “Control Systems”, New Age International (P)
Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998.
3. B. C. Kuo, “Automatic Control Systems”, John wiley and
son’s.,8th edition, 2003
4. Narciso F. Macia George J. Thaler, “Modelling & Control Of
Dynamic Systems”, Thomson Publishers.

84
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
This second course in Network Analysis can be treated both as complement
and supplement to the basic course. This course opens for entry to wide
range of advanced courses such as Systems Theory, Control Systems,
Analog & Digital Networks etc.,
OBJECTIVE:
This course trains the student to think deep into the subject for analyzing
the time – advance and frequency domain analysis of systems in general
and prepare, the student for advanced learning and research.
UNIT – I :
NETWORK TOPOLOGY : Linear Graphs in Electrical Networks,
Basic Definitions, Incidence, Loop and cut-set matrices,Fundamental
Loop and Fundamental Cut-Set Matrices,GraphTheoretic version of
KCL and KVL,Loop Impedance and Node Admittance Matrices.
UNIT – II :
A REVIEW OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Laplace Transform of
unit step,unit ramp,exponential and periodic signals,Laplace Transform of
Impulse and Doublet Functions,Inverse Transform Shifting Theorems,
Initial Value & Final Value Theorems, Convolution Theorem.
UNIT – III :
LAPLACE TRANSFORM APPLICATION TO NETWORK
ANALYSIS: Solution of RLC Networks using Laplace
Transforms,concept of complex frequency, Transform Impedance (or
Operational Impedance) unit step and unit impulse responses, Impulse
response and convolution,Embedding initial conditions as circuit
elements,Evaluation of Initial State of a Network ,the special cases of
85
all inductor loops and all capacitor cut sets.

UNIT – IV :
NETWORK FUNCTIONS POLES AND ZEROS AND TWO-
PORT NETWORKS: Driving Point Functions Poles and Zeros, O.C
& S.C critical frequencies, Properties of Driving Point Functions,Two
Port Networks,immittance,Transmission and Hybrid Parameters,
Interconnection of 2 – Ports.
UNIT – V :
FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Fourier Series of Typical Wave Forms,
Complex Fourier Series, Fourier Spectra Fourier Integral and Fourier
Transforms of typical signals, Analysis of simple networks in steady state
to Non-sinusoidal periodic signals,Power Spectrum of Periodic Signals.
UNIT – VI :
NETWORK SYNTHESIS (DRIVING POINT SYNTHESIS
ONLY): Positive Real (PR) functions,Hurwitz Polynomials,Testing of PR
functions, Elementary Synthesis Operations.
UNIT – VII :
LC NETWORK SYNTHESIS: Driving Point Functions of LC
Networks Interlacing Properties of Poles & Zeros and Foster’s Reactance
Theorem, Synthesis by Foster’s and Cauer Forms.
UNIT – VIII :
RC AND RL NETWORK SYNTHESIS: The driving Point Functions
of RC & RL Networks derived from LC functions, Foster and Cauer
forms of RC & RL driving Point Functions.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M.E. Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,2000.
2. Frankyln F.Kuo, “Network Analysis and Synthesis”, Wiley
International, 2006.
3. N.C.Jagan and C. Lakshmi Narayana, “Network Analysis”, B.S.
Publications, 2008.

86
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. M.E. Van Valkenburg, “Introduction to Modern Network
Synthesis”, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi,1993.
2. Charles K. Alexander, Mathew N.O Sadika, “Fundamentals of
Electric Circuts”, TMH Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
3rd Editions, 2008.
3. Umesh Sinha, “Network Analysis and Synthesis”, Satya
Publications, 2007.

87
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To introduce various concepts in digital communications and evaluation
of digital channel performance in terms of resources. (Power, Bandwidth)
OBJECTIVE:
To impart the knowledge on Digital modulation and demodulation schemes
of communication systems.
UNIT-I
PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication
systems, advantages of digital communication systems, Elements of PCM:
Sampling, Quantization & Coding, Quantization error, Companding in
PCM systems. Differential PCM systems (DPCM).
UNIT-II
DELTA MODULATION: Delta modulation, adaptive delta modulation,
comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.
UNIT-III
DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATION TECHNIQUES:
Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, M-ary PSK, ASK,
FSK, similarity of BFSK and BPSK.
UNIT-IV
DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION: Base band signal receiver,
probability of error, the optimum filter, matched filter, probability of error
using matched filter, coherent reception, non-coherent detection of FSK,
calculation of error probability of ASK, BPSK, BFSK,QPSK.
UNIT-V
INFORMATION THEORY: Discrete messages, concept of amount
of information and its properties. Average information, Entropy and its
properties. Information rate, Mutual information and its properties
88
UNIT-VI
SOURCE CODING: Introduction, Advantages, Shannon’s theorem,
Shanon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, efficiency calculations, channel
capacity of discrete and analog Channels, capacity of a Gaussian channel,
bandwidth –S/N trade off.
UNIT-VII
LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction, Matrix description of Linear
Block codes, Error detection and error Correction capabilities of Linear
block codes, Hamming codes, Binary cyclic codes, Algebraic structure,
encoding, syndrome calculation, BCH Codes.
UNIT-VIII
CONVOLUTION CODES: Introduction, encoding of convolution
codes, time domain approach, transform domain approach, Graphical
approach: state, tree and trellis diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Simon Haykin, “Digital communications”, John Wiley,
2005,1st Edn.
2. H. Taub and D. Schilling, “Principles of Communication
Systems”, TMH, 3rd Edn. 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. K.Sam Shanmugam, “Digital and Analog Communication
Systems”, John Wiley, 2005,1st Edn.
2. John Proakis, “Digital Communications”, TMH, 5th ed., 1983.
3. R.Singh and S.Sapre, “Communication Systems-Analog &
Digital”, TMH, 2nd ed., 2004.
4. B.P.Lathi, “Modern Analog and Digital Communication”, Oxford
reprint, 3rd edition, 2004.
5. George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, “Electronic Communication
Systems”, TMH, 4th edition, 2004.
6. Bernard Sklar and Pabitra Kumar Ray, “Digial Communications
– Fundamentals and Applications”, Pearson, 2nd Ed., 2001.
Q
89
MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To give an understanding of Microprocessor Architecture, programming
and interfacing Techniques.
OBJECTIVE:
To familiarize with 8086 microprocessor architecture, assembly language
programming, interfacing chips, advanced processors.
UNIT-I
8086 INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE : Architecture of
8086 Microprocessor, Functions of Different Registers-General purpose,
flag register, segment & index registers, Addressing modes of 8086,
Instruction set of 8086, Assembler directives.
UNIT-II
8086 PROGRAMMING : Assembly language programs involving logical,
Branch & call instructions, Sorting, evaluation of arithmetic expressions,
string manipulation, Procedures and macros.
UNIT-III
8086 PIN DIAGRAM AND MEMORY INTERFACING : Pin
diagram of 8086-Minimum mode and maximum mode of operation,
Timing diagram, Memory interfacing to 8086 (Static RAM & EPROM).
UNIT-IV
8086 INTERRUPTS AND 8259 PIC : Interrupt structure of 8086,
Vector interrupt table, Interrupt service routines, 8259 Programmable
Interrupt Controller (PIC) - Architecture and interfacing, cascading of
Interrupt controller and its importance.

90
UNIT-V
8255 PIO/PPI : 8255 PPI – various modes of operation and interfacing
examples to 8086, Interfacing of 7-Segment LED, Keyboard, D/A and
A/D converters, Stepper Motor.
UNIT-VI
8279 KEYBOARD/DISPLAY CONTROLLER & DMA: Keyboard/
Display Controller 8279, Need for DMA, DMA data transfer Method,
8237 (DMA Controller) - transfer modes.
UNIT-VII
8251 USART : Serial data transfer schemes, Asynchronous and
Synchronous data transfer schemes, 8251 USART architecture and
interfacing, TTL to RS 232C and RS232C to TTL conversion, Sample
program of serial data transfer.
UNIT-VIII
ADVANCED PROCESSORS : The 80286 and 80386 architectures,
Real Address Mode, Protected Mode, Paging and Segmentation, Salient
features of Pentium, Branch Prediction.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi, “Advanced Microprocessors
and Peripherals”, TMH, 2nd ed., 2006.
2. Douglas V. Hall, “Micro Processors & Interfacing”, 2nd ed.,
2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Barry B. Brey, “The Intel Microprocessors-Architecture,
Programming & Interfacing”, Pearson Education, 6th Edition,
2004.
2. Liu and GA Gibson, “Micro Computer System 8086/8088
Family Architecture, Programming and Design”, PHI, 2nd
Edition, 2006.
Q
91
ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

4 1 0 4
AIM:
Enable the student to study the various types of antennas and wave
propagation.
OBJECTIVE: To study
G Radiation from a current element.
G Antenna arrays.
G Aperture antennas.
G Radio wave propagation.
UNIT-I
ANTENNA BASICS : Introduction, Radiation Mechanism, Antenna
Parameters-Radiation Patterns, Patterns in Principle Planes, Main Lobe
and Side Lobes, Beam widths, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam
Efficiency, Directivity, Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture
Efficiency, Effective Height, Antenna Theorems- Applicability and Proofs
for equivalence of directional characteristics.
UNIT-II
ELECTRIC DIPOLE AND THIN LINEAR ANTENNAS : Retarded
Potentials, Small Electric Dipole, Quarter wave Monopole and Half wave
Dipole Radiation characteristics.
UNIT-III
ANTENNA ARRAYS : 2 element arrays, Principle of Pattern
Multiplication, N element Uniform Linear Arrays - Broadside, End fire
Arrays, EFA with Increased directivity, Binomial Arrays, Methods of
Array synthesis- Tchebyscheff Distribution and Fourier Transform Method.

92
UNIT-IV
LF, VLF, HF ANTENNAS: Introduction, Traveling wave radiators –
basic concepts, Long wire antennas-field strength calculations and patterns,
V-antennas, Rhombic Antennas and Design Relations, Small Loop
antennas- Concept of short magnetic dipole, Broadband Antennas: Helical
Antennas-Significance, Geometry, basic properties, Design considerations
for monofilar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes (Qualitative
Treatment).
UNIT-V
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS: Folded Dipoles &
their characteristics, Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi Uda Arrays,
Reflector Antennas: Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors, Paraboloidal
Reflectors, Cassegrain Feeds. Slot antennas-Babinets principle,
Introduction to Microstrip antennas, Horn Antennas, Lens Antennas-
Geometry, Features, Dielectric Lenses and Zoning, Applications
(Qualitative Treatment).
UNIT-VI
ANTENNA MEASUREMENT THEORY: Antenna Measurements-
Patterns Required, Set Up, Distance Criterion, Directivity and Gain
Measurements (Comparison, Absolute and 3Antenna Methods).
UNIT-VII
WAVE PROPAGATION-I : Concepts of Propagation- frequency ranges
and types of propagations. Ground Wave propagation - characteristics,
Parameters, Wave Tilt, Flat and Spherical Earth Considerations, Sky
Wave Propagation-Formation of Ionospheric Layers and their
characteristics, Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction, Critical Frequency,
MUF & Skip Distance Calculations for flat and spherical earth cases,
Optimum Frequency, LUHF, Virtual Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities,
Ionospheric Absorption.
UNIT-VIII
WAVE PROPAGATION-II: Fundamental Equation for Free-Space
Propagation, Basic Transmission Loss Calculations, Space Wave
Propagation - Mechanism, LOS and Radio Horizon, Tropospheric Wave

93
Propagation- Radius of Curvature of path, Effective Earth’s Radius,

Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Field Strength Calculations, M-Curves and
Duct Propagation, Troposphere Scattering.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. E. C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and
Radiating Systems”, PHI, 2nd edition, 2000.
2. G.S.N Raju, “Antennas and Wave Propagation”, 1st Edn Pearson
Education, 2004.
3. John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka, “Antennas and Wave
Propagation” TMH, 4th Edition, 2010.
4. K.D.Prasad, Satya Prakashan, “Antennas and Wave
Propagation” Tech Publications, 3rd Edn, 2001.
REFERENCE:
1. C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory”, 3rd Edn., John Wiley & Sons,
2009.

94
VLSI DESIGN

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarise student with the Concepts of VLSI Technology.
OBJECTIVE:
To acquire knowledge of fabrication process involved in MOS Devices
and to introduce the basic electrical properties of MOS devices and VLSI
Circuit Design Processes.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO MOS TECHNOLOGIES:
VLSI Design Flow, Introduction to IC Technology–MOS, PMOS,
NMOS, CMOS & Bi-CMOS technologies.
UNIT-II
BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES: Basic Electrical Properties of
MOS and Bi-CMOS Circuits: Ids - Vds relationships, MOS transistor
threshold Voltage, gm, gds, figure of merit, Pass transistor, NMOS Inverter,
Various pull ups, CMOS Inverter analysis and design, Bi-CMOS Inverters.
UNIT-III
VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN PROCESSES: VLSI Design Flow, MOS
Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design Rules and Layout, CMOS Design rules
for wires, Contacts and Transistors Layout Diagrams for NMOS and
CMOS Inverters and Gates, Scaling of MOS circuits, Limitations of
Scaling.
UNIT-IV
GATE LEVEL DESIGN : Logic Gates and Other complex gates,
Switch logic, Alternate gate circuits, Basic circuit concepts, Sheet Resistance
RS and its concept to MOS, Area Capacitance Units, Calculations,
Delays, Driving large Capacitive Loads, Wiring Capacitances, Fan-in and
fan-out, Choice of layers.
95
UNIT-V
SUBSYSTEM DESIGN: Sub system Design, Shifters, Adders, ALUs,
Multipliers, Parity generators, Comparators, Zero/One Detectors,
Counters, High Density Memory Elements.
UNIT-VI
SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN: PLAs,
FPGAs, CPLDs, Standard Cells, Programmable Array Logic, Design
Approach.
UNIT-VII
CMOS DESIGN METHODS AND TESTING: Design methods,
Design capture tools, Design Verification Tools, CMOS Testing, Need
for testing, Test Principles, Design Strategies for test, Chip level Test
Techniques, System-level Test Techniques, Layout Design for Improved
Testability.
UNIT-VIII
INTRODUCTION TO CMOS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY:
Oxidation, Lithography, Diffusion, Ion implantation, Metallization,
Encapsulation, Probe testing, Integrated Resistors and Capacitors.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles and A.Pucknell,
“Essentials of VLSI circuits and systems”, 3rd Edn, PHI, 2005.
2. Weste and Eshraghian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design”,
Pearson Education, 3rd edn 1999.
3. S.M. SZE, “VLSI Technology”, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. John .P. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems”,
1st Edn., 2003. John Wiley
2. John M. Rabaey, “Digital Integrated Circuits” , PHI, EEE, 2nd
Edn 1997.
3. Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI Design”, Pearson Education, 3rd
Edition, 1997.
4. Behzad Razavi,”Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”,
The McGraw Hill, 2001.
96
VLSI DESIGN LAB

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
01. Design of digital IC’s using VHDL on Xilinx platform and to
simulate using Model-sim Simulator
02. Implementation on Xilinx Spartan kits.
03. Verification of digital ICs in Hardware Laboratory.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1) Logic gates
2) 3X8 Decoder-74X138
3) 8X1 Multiplexer-74X151
4) 16X1 Multiplexer-74X150
5) 4 bit comparator-74X85
6) D Flip-flop-7474
7) 4 bit counter- 7493
8) Decade counter-7490
9) Universal shift register-74194
10) serial In ,parallel out shift register
11) 4-bit ALU -74X381
12) Priority Encoder-74X148

97
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVES:
To Design and compare the Modulation and De-modulation schemes of
Digital Carrier Modulation techniques and multiplexing techniques.
1. Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation
2. Pulse Width Modulation and Demodulation
3. Pulse Position Modulation and Demodulation
4. Sampling Theorem –verification
5. Time Division Multiplexing
6. Digital Time Division Multiplexing
7. Pulse Code Modulation
8. Delta Modulation
9. Amplitude Shift Keying
10. Frequency Shift Keying
11. Phase Shift Keying
12. Differential Phase Shift Keying

98

SYLLABI FOR VI SEMESTER
99
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Course Code: AHM 1101 L T P C

4 0 0 4
OBJECTIVE:
To explain the basic principles of managerial economics, accounting
practices and financial management techniques for effective business
decision making and to promote entrepreneurial abilities among budding
engineers.
OUTCOME:
To understand the economic environment and to give an idea on various
accounting and financial management techniques for effective utilization
of economic resources.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS: Definition,
Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics, Demand Analysis, Demand
Determinants, Law of Demand and its exceptions
UNIT-II
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND DEMAND FORECASTING:
Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of Elasticity of Demand
Demand Forecasting, Factors governing demand forecasting, Methods
of demand forecasting (Survey method, Statistical method, Expert opinion
method, Test marketing, Controlled experiment, Judgmental approach).
UNIT-III
THEORY OF PRODUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS: Production
Function – Isoquants and Isocosts, Laws of returns, Internal and External
Economies of Scale Cost Analysis: Types of Costs, Break Even Analysis
(BEA) – Determination of Break Even Point (Simple numerical problems)
– managerial significance and limitations of BEA.

100
UNIT-IV
INTRODUCTION TO MARKETS: Market Structures: Types of
competition, features of perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic
competition, price output determination in case of perfect competition and
monopoly.
UNIT-V
FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS: Features of Business,
Advantages, Limitations of Sole Proprietorship, Partnership and Joint
Stock Company, Types of companies – Features of Public and Private
limited companies.
UNIT-VI
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: Accounting:
Principles, concepts, conventions, double entry book keeping, Journal,
Ledger Trial Balance, Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and
Balance Sheet with simple adjustments, international financial reporting
standards (simple numerical problems).
UNIT-VII
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS THROUGH RATIOS: Introduction,
Advantages and limitations, Computation, Analysis and Interpretation of
Liquidity ratios, Activity ratios, Solvency ratios and Profitability ratios
(simple numerical problems).
UNIT-VIII
BUDGETING AND CAPITAL BUDGETING: Introduction to
Budgeting: Production budget, Flexible budget and Cash budget Definition,
nature and scope of capital budgeting, features of capital budgeting
proposals, methods of capital budgeting: Traditional and discounted
methods (simple numerical problems).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. A R Aryasri, “Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis”,
3rd Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2009.
2. Siddiqui & Siddiqui, “Managerial Economics and Financial
Analysis”, 1st Edition, New Age Publishers, 2005.

101
REFERENCES :
RL Varshney and KL Maheswari, “Managerial Economics”, 19th Edition,
Sultan Chand & Sons, 2007.
D Ragnunath Reddy & M V Narasimha Chary, “Managerial Economics
and Financial Analysis”, 1st Edition, SciTech Publishers , 2008.
Dwivedi , “Managerial Economics”, 7th Edition, Vikas Publishers, 2009.
P K Sharma and Shashi K Gupta, “Management Accounting”, 1st Edition,
Kalyani Publishers, 2002.
S P Jain and K L Narang, “Financial Accounting”, 1st Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, 2002.
S N Maheswari & S K Maheswari, “Financial Accounting”, 4th Edition,
Vikas Publishers, 2006.
P L Mehta , “Managerial Economics”, 15th Edition, Sultan Chand,
2010.

102
TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize students to various switching systems and data communication
networks.
OBJECTIVE:
To understand the development of switching techniques and their
operational maintenance for real time telecommunication in Telephone
Exchanges.
UNIT-I
TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction,
Elements of switching systems, switching network configuration, principles
of cross bar switching.
UNIT-II
Electronic space division switching, Time division switching, Combination
switching.
UNIT-III
TELEPHONE NETWORKS: Subscriber loop systems, switching
hierarchy and routing, transmission plan, numbering plan, charging plans.
UNIT-IV
SIGNALING TECHNIQUES: In channel signaling, common channel
signaling. Network traffic load and parameters, grade of service and
blocking probability.
UNIT-V
DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKS : Introduction, layered
network architecture, Data Communication Protocols, Data communication
circuits, Public switched data networks, connection oriented & connection
less service.
103
UNIT-VI
COMPUTER NETWORKS: OSI reference model, LAN, WAN,
MAN & Internet, Circuit Switching, packet switching, Message switching
and virtual circuit switching concepts, Repeaters, Bridges, Routers and
gate ways.
UNIT-VII
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) :
Introduction, motivation, ISDN architecture, ISDN interfaces, functional
grouping, reference points, protocol architecture, signaling, numbering,
addressing, BISDN.
UNIT-VIII
DSL TECHNOLOGY : ADSL, Cable Modem, Traditional Cable
Networks, HFC Networks, Sharing, CM & CMTS and DOCSIS
SONET: Devices, Frame, Frame Transmission, Synchronous Transport
Signals, STS I, Virtual Tributaries and Higher rate of service, Broadband
technology.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Thyagarajan Viswanath, “Tele Communication Switching System
and Networks”, PHI, 1st Edn, 2000.
2. Wayne Tomasi, “Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems”, PHI, 6th Edn.2008.
REFERENCES:
1. J. Bellamy, “Digital Telephony” John Wiley, 3rd edition, 2004.
2. Achyut. S.Godbole, “Data Communications & Networks”,
TMH, 1st ed., 2002.
3. H. Taub & D. Schilling, “Principles of Communication Systems”,
TMH, 3rd Edition, 2003.
4. B.A. Forouzan, “Data Communication & Networking”, TMH,
4th Edition, 2004.
5. J E Flood, “Telecommunication switching, Traffic and Networks”,
Q
104
MICROCONTROLLERS AND APPLICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To provide an understanding of different architectures of microcontrollers
and programming of 8051 microcontroller.
OBJECTIVE:
To familiarize students with 8051 architecture, instruction set and interfacing
through assembly language programming. Introduce them to industrial
applications and various other features like capture control, RTOS etc.
UNIT-I
8051 MICROCONTROLLERS: Microcontrollers and embedded
processors, Overview of 8051 family, Pin description of the 8051, Program
counter and ROM space in 8051, 256-byte on-chip RAM, 8051 flag
bits and PSW register, 8051 register banks and stack.
UNIT-II
INSTRUCTION SET OF 8051: Data Transfer, arithmetic, logical and
branching instructions - Arithmetic instructions, Logic and compare
instructions, Rotate instructions, Call instructions, 8051 I/O programming,
I/O bit manipulation programming, Immediate and register addressing
modes, Accessing memory using addressing modes, Bit addresses for
I/O and RAM.
UNIT-III
SFRs, TIMER PROGRAMMING, SERIAL PORT
PROGRAMMING AND INTERRUPTS : Programming 8051 timers,
counter programming, Basics of serial communication, 8051 connection
to RS232, 8051 serial port programming in Assembly, 8051 interrupts,
Programming timer interrupts, Programming external hardware interrupts,
Programming serial communication interrupt, interrupt priority.

105
UNIT-IV
8051 INTERFACING TO MEMORYAND PERIPHERAL
INTERFACING, PORT STRUCTURE : Interfacing with external
ROM, Accessing internal RAM, Interfacing with external RAM, accessing
external data memory space, LCD and keyboard interfacing, ADC and
DAC interfacing, stepper motor interfacing.,
UNIT-V
INTERFACING TO EXTERNAL DEVICES: Programmable
instruments interface using IEEE 488 bus, interfacing to High Power
Devices, Analog input interfacing, Analog output interfacing, Optical shaft
encoders interfacing, Industrial process control system and Prototype
MCU based Measuring instruments, Interface to RF transreciever.
UNIT-VI
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM FOR MICRO-
CONTROLLERS: Real Time operating system, RTOS of Keil (RTX51),
Use of RTOS in Design, Software development tools for Microcontrollers.
UNIT-VII
16-BIT MICROCONTROLLERS: Hardware Architecture - Memory
map of Intel 80196 family MCU system, I/O ports, Programmable Timers
and High-speed outputs and input captures, Interrupts, Instructions.
UNIT-VIII
ARM 32 Bit MCUs: Introduction to 16/32 Bit processors, ARM
architecture and organization, ARM / Thumb programming model, ARM
/ Thumb instruction set, Development tools.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mazidi and Mazidi, “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded
Systems”, 2nd Edn PHI, 2004.
2. Raj Kamal “Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming,
Interfacing and System Design”, Pearson Education, 1st
Edn.2005.
3. Bendapudy Kanta Rao, “Embedded Systems”, Prentice Hall
India, 1st Edition, 2011.

106
REFERENCES:
1. A.V. Deshmukh, “Microcontrollers (Theory & Applications)”,
TMH, 1st ed., 2004.
2. John B. Peatman, “Design with PIC Microcontrollers”, Pearson
Education, 1st Edn, 2005.

107
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize Microwave components, terminology, tubes &Solid state
Microwave Devices.
OBJECTIVES:
After the course students should be able to:
• Apply electromagnetic field theory to calculations regarding
waveguides.
• Describe and analyze simple microwave circuits and devices
e.g. matching circuits, couplers.
• Describe common devices such as microwave vacuum tubes
and ferrite devices.
• Handle microwave equipment and be able to make measurements.
UNIT-I
WAVEGUIDES: Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands,
Applications of Microwaves, Rectangular Waveguides, Circular
Waveguides, Cavity resonators.
UNIT-II
MICROWAVE COMPONENTS: Coupling Mechanisms – Probe,
Loop, Aperture types, Waveguide joints, bends, corners, transitions,
twists, Waveguide Discontinuities – Waveguide irises, Tuning Screws and
Posts, Matched Loads, Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Card, Rotary
Vane types; Waveguide Phase Shifters – Dielectric, Rotary Vane types.
UNIT-III
MICROWAVE JUNCTIONS: Waveguide Multiport Junctions – E
plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Hybrid Ring; Directional Couplers

108
– Two Hole, Bethe Hole types, Ferrites– Composition and Characteristics,

Faraday Rotation, Ferrite Devices – Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator, Scattering
Matrix–Significance, Formulation and Properties, S Matrix Calculations
for Multi port Junctions- E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional
Coupler, Circulator and Isolator.
UNIT-IV
O-TYPE TUBES: Limitations and Losses of conventional tubes at
microwave frequencies,
Microwave tubes – O type and M type classifications, O-type tubes :
2 Cavity Klystrons – Structure, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation
Process and Applegate Diagram, Bunching Process and Small Signal
Theory – Expressions for o/p Power and Efficiency, Reflex Klystrons –
Structure, Applegate Diagram and Principle of working, Mathematical
Theory of Bunching, Power Output, Efficiency, Electronic Admittance;
Oscillating Modes and o/p Characteristics, Electronic and Mechanical
Tuning, Related Problems.
UNIT-V
TWTS & BWO: Significance, Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave
Structures; Structure of TWT and Amplification Process (qualitative
treatment), Suppression of Oscillations, Nature of the four Propagation
Constants, Gain Considerations, BWO- Operation, characteristics and
Applications.
UNIT-VI
M-TYPE TUBES: Introduction, Cross-field effects, Magnetrons –
Different Types, 8-Cavity Cylindrical Travelling Wave Magnetron – Hull
Cut-off and Hartree Conditions, Modes of Resonance and ð-Mode
Operation, Separation of ð-Mode, o/p characteristics.
UNIT-VII
MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES: Introduction, Classification,
Applications, Varactor Diodes, Parametric Amplifiers, PIN Diode, Tunnel
Diode –Principle, Characteristics, Applications. TEDs – Introduction,
Gunn Diode – Principle, Characteristics, Basic Modes of Operation,

109
Oscillation Modes. Avalanche Transit Time Devices – Introduction,

IMPATT, TRAPATT and BARITT Diodes – Principle of Operation and
Characteristics.
UNIT-VIII
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Description of Microwave Bench
– Different Blocks and their Features, Precautions; Microwave Power
Measurement – Bolometer Method, Measurement of Attenuation,
Frequency, VSWR, Impedance Measurements.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Samuel Y. Liao, “Microwave Devices and Circuits”, PHI, 3rd
Edition, 1996.
2. M. Kulkarni, “Micro Wave and Radar Engineering”, Umesh
Publications, 3rd Edn.1998.
REFERENCES:
1. R.E. Collin, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, IEEE
Press, John Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2002.
2. Annapurna Das and Sisir K Das, “Microwave Engineering”,
TMH, 2nd ed., 2008.
3. M.L. Sisodia and G.S.Raghuvanshi, “Microwave Circuits and
Passive Devices”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Age International
Publishers Ltd., 1995.
4. Peter A. Rizzi, “Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits”, PHI,
1999.
5. R. Chatterjee, “Elements of Microwave Engineering”, Affiliated
East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
6. Herbert J. Reich, J.G. Skalnik, P.F. Ordung and H.L. Krauss,
“Microwave Principles”, CBS Publishers and Distributors,
New Delhi, 2004.

110
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To review signals and systems, study DFT and FFT, applications of z-
transforms, discuss the design of IIR & FIR filters and study typical
applications of digital signal processing.
OBJECTIVES:
• To have an overview of signals and systems.
To study
• DFS, DFT & FFT.
• The applications of Z-transforms.
• The design of IIR filters.
• The design of FIR filters.
• The Multirate DSP & the applications of DSP.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Review
of discrete-time signals and systems, analysis of discrete-time linear time
invariant systems, Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals
and systems.
UNIT-II
DISCRETE FOURIER SERIES: DFS representation of periodic
sequences, Properties of Discrete Fourier Series, Discrete Fourier
Transforms: Properties of DFT, linear convolution of sequences using
DFT, Computation of DFT, Relation between Z-transform and DFS.
UNIT-III
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) -
Radix-2 decimation in time and decimation in frequency FFT Algorithms,
Inverse FFT.
111
UNIT-IV
REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS: Review of Z-transforms,
Applications of Z – transforms, solution of difference equations of digital
filters, Block diagram representation of linear constant-coefficient difference
equations, Basic structures of IIR systems, Basic structures of FIR systems,
System function.
UNIT-V
IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog filter approximations – Butter worth
and Chebyshev, Design of IIR Digital filters from analog filters, Design
Examples: Analog-Digital transformations.
UNIT-VI
FIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, frequency
response, Design of FIR Digital Filters using Window Techniques,
Frequency Sampling technique, Comparison of IIR & FIR filters.
UNIT-VII
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Decimation,
interpolation, sampling rate conversion, Implementation of sampling rate
conversion.
UNIT-VIII
APPLICATIONS OF DSP: Voice Synthesizers, Vocoders, Image
processing. (Qualitative treatment only)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal
Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications”, Pearson
Education, 4th Edn. 2007.
2. A.V.Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, “Discrete Time Signal
Processing”, PHI.,2nd Edn ,2008
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Andreas Antoniou , “Digital Signal Processing”, TATA McGraw
Hill ,1st ed., 2006
2. MH Hayes, “Digital Signal Processing: Schaum’s Outlines”,
TATA Mc-Graw Hill, 2nd ed., 2009.
112
3. C. Britton Rorabaugh, “DSP Primer”, Tata McGraw Hill,

1st ed., 2005.
4. Robert J. Schilling, Sandra L. Harris, “Fundamentals of Digital
Signal Processing using Matlab”, Thomson, 2007
5. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer, “Digital Signal
Processing” PHI 1st Ed., 2006.

113
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS &

INSTRUMENTATION

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation
requirement as a vital ingredient of electronics and communication
engineering.
OBJECTIVE:
To learn
· Basic measurement concepts
· Concepts of electronic measurements
· Importance of Signal analyzers in measurements
· Relevance of digital instruments in measurements.
UNIT-I
CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS:
Performance characteristics of instruments, Static characteristics, Accuracy,
Resolution, Precision, Expected value, Error, Sensitivity. Errors in
Measurement, Dynamic Characteristics-speed of response, Fidelity, Lag
and Dynamic error, Grounding and earthing concepts.
UNIT-II
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEASUREMENT METERS:
DC Voltmeters, Ammeters- Multi-range, Range extension, AC voltmeters-
multi-range, range extension,-shunt. Thermocouple type RF ammeter,
Ohm meters series type, shunt type, Voltage, Current, Resistance
measurement using DMM, Auto zeroing, Auto ranging.

114
UNIT-III
TIME AND FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS:
Phase and Magnitude Measurement at high frequency using instruments
such as vector voltmeter, Frequency, Time and Period measurements.
UNIT-IV
CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPES: Oscilloscopes CRT features,
vertical amplifiers, horizontal deflection system, sweep, trigger pulse,
delay line, sync selector circuits, simple CRO, triggered sweep CRO,
Dual beam CRO.
UNIT-V
ANALYZERS: Wave Analyzers, Harmonic Distortion Analyzers,
Spectrum Analyzer - FFT analyzer, Logic analyzer, Digital signal analyzer,
Digital Fourier analyzer.
UNIT-VI
OSCILLOSCOPE: Dual trace oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope,
storage oscilloscope, digital readout oscilloscope, digital storage
oscilloscope, Lissajous method of phase measurement, standard
specifications of CRO, probes for CRO- Active & Passive, attenuator
types.
UNIT-VII
BRIDGES: AC Bridges Measurement of inductance- Maxwell’s bridge,
Anderson bridge, Measurement of capacitance -Schearing Bridge,
Wheatstone bridge, Wien Bridge, Errors and precautions in using bridges.
LCR-Q meter - principle of digital LCR-Q meter, specifications &
applications.
UNIT-VIII
TRANSDUCERS : Transducers- active & passive transducers :
Resistance, Capacitance, inductance; Strain gauges, LVDT, Piezo Electric
transducers, Acoustic Transducers ,Resistance Thermometers,
Thermocouples, Measurement of physical parameters: force, humidity,
speed.

115
TEXT BOOKS:
1. H.S.Kalsi, “Electronic Instrumentation”, 3rd Edition - Tata
McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. A.D. Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, “Modern Electronic
Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques”, PHI, 5th Edition,
2002.
REFERENCES:
1. David A. Bell, “Electronic Instrumentation & Measurements”
PHI, 2nd Edition, 2003.
2. Robert A. Witte, “Electronic Test Instruments, Analog and Digital
Measurements”, Pearson Education, 2nd Ed., 2004.
3. K. Lal Kishore, “Electronic Measurements & Instrumentations”,
Pearson Education - 1st Edn, 2005.

116
MICROPROCESSORS AND
MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To verify 8086 Microprocessor programming through MASM, interfacing
peripherals to 8086 and simulate 8051 programming through KEIL.
I. Microprocessor 8086/Microcontroller 8051 :
1. Familiarization of MASM
2. 16-bit addition and subtraction, signed and unsigned
multiplication and division operations.
3. Converting ASCII operands to packed BCD form, Converting
packed BCD to unpacked BCD form.
4. Reversing string, Sorting, Scan a byte in a series of numbers.
5. DOS/BIOS Programming, reading keyboard( buffered with and
without echo) -Display characters
II. INTERFACING :
1. 8259 – Interrupt Controller : Generate an interrupt using 8259
timer
2. 8279 – Keyboard interfacing to 8086: program to display a
string of characters.
3. 8255– PPI: ALP to generate sinusoidal wave using PPI.
4. 8251 – USART: ALP to establish communication between two
processors.
III. MICROCONTROLLER 8051:
1. Reading and Writing data on a parallel port.
2. Timer in different modes.
3. Serial communication implementation.

117
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR LABORATORIES:

1. 8086 ìP Kits
2. 8051 Micro Controller kits
3. Interfaces/peripheral subsystems
i. 8259 PIC
ii. 8279-KB/Display
iii. 8255 PPI
iv. 8251 USART
4. Keil & MASM software

118
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
CODE: AHE1103 L T P C
0 0 3 2
INTRODUCTION :
The introduction of English Language Lab is considered essential at III/
IV B.Tech year level. At this stage the students need to prepare themselves
for their careers which may require them to listen to, read, speak and
write in English both for their professional and interpersonal communication
in the globalised context. This is an integrated theory and lab course to
enable students use ‘good’ English and perform the following:
Gathering ideas and information: organizing ideas relevantly
and coherently.
Engaging in debates.
Participating in group discussions.
Facing interviews.
Writing project/research/technical reports
Making oral presentations.
Writing formal letters and essays.
Transferring information from non-verbal to verbal texts and
vice versa.
Taking part in social and professional communication.
OBJECTIVES:
The Lab focuses on using computer-aided multimedia instruction for
language development to meet the following targets:
To improve the students’ accuracy and fluency in English through
a well-developed vocabulary, and enable them listen to English
spoken at normal conversational speed by educated English
speakers and respond appropriately in different socio-cultural
and professional contexts.
119
To enable them communicate their ideas relevantly and coherently

in writing.
TEXT BOOK: LANGUAGE IN USE (Upper-Intermediate)
by Adrian Doff and Christopher Jones, Cambridge
University Publications.
UNIT-I
Reading and Listening comprehension – reading for facts,
guessing meanings from context, scanning, skimming, inference,
critical reading
(Lesson 2: Communicating)
UNIT-II
Vocabulary building, Creativity & Innovation, Using
Advertisements and Music, Case studies
Decision-Making, Time Management, Positive Thinking
(Lesson 4: Sports and Games, Lesson 8: In The Market-Place)
UNIT-III
Cross-Cultural Communication- Problems of Language, Lack
of Language equivalency/difficulties in using English.
Non-Verbal Communication across different Cultures.
(Lesson 13: Right and Wrong)
UNIT-IV
Literary reviews- reviewing the choicest genres like science
fiction, autobiographies, travelogues, modern poetry etc.
UNIT-V
Group Discussion – dynamics of group discussion , Lateral
thinking, Brainstorming and Negotiation skills
( Lesson 10: Life, the universe and everything & Lesson 16:
World Affairs)
UNIT-VI
Resume writing – structure and presentation, planning, defining
the career objective

120
Interview Skills – concept and process, pre-interview planning,

opening strategies, answering-strategies, interview through tele
and video-conferencing
UNIT-VII
Writing essays for competitive examinations
Media writing-writing headlines, analyzing newspaper articles
Analytical writing
UNIT-VIII
Technical Report writing – Types of formats and styles, subject
matter – organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning,
data-collection, tools, analysis.- Progress and Project Reports.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS
1. M. Ashraf Rizvi, “Effective Technical Communication”, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2005.
2. Bhanu Ranjan, “An Approach to Communication Skills”,
DhanpatRai &Co, 2010.
3. Raymond V. Lesikar, Marie E. Flatley, “Basic Business
Communication: Skills for Empowering The Internet Generation”,
11th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2006.
4. Stephen Bailey, “Academic Writing- A Practical guide for
students”, Routledge Falmer, London & New York, 2004.
5. Dr A. Ramakrishna Rao, Dr G.Natanam & Prof S.A.
Sankaranarayanan, “English Language Communication : A Reader
cum Lab Manual”, Anuradha Publications, Chennai, 2006.
6. Dr. Shalini Verma, “Body Language- Your Success Mantra”, S.
Chand, 2006.
7. Barron’s, “DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test:
Advanced Skill Practice”, New Age International (P) Ltd.,
Publishers, New Delh, Books on TOEFL/GRE/GMAT/CAT,
2011.
8. “IELTS series with CDs”, CUP, 2010.

121
9. Daniel G. Riordan & Steven E. Pauley, “Technical Report Writing

Today”, Biztantra Publishers, 2005.
10. Andrea J. Rutherford, “Basic Communication Skills for
Technology”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
11. Sunita Mishra & C. Muralikrishna, “Communication Skills for
Engineers”, Pearson Education, 2007.
12. Jolene Gear & Robert Gear, “Cambridge Preparation for the
TOEFL” Test, 2010.
13. Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, “Technical
Communication”, OUP, 2010.
14. Nick Ceremilla & Elizabeth Lee, “Cambridge English for the
Media”, CUP, 2010
General Reading
1. A Reader’s Digest Selection, “Classic Short Stories” (India
Today group), 2004.
2. Saros Cowasjee, “More Stories from the Raj and After”,
HarperCollins Publishers India, 1986.
3. Girish Karnad, “Hayavadana”, OUP 1976.
4. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam “Wings of Fire”, Universities Press, 1999.
5. Bernard Shaw, “Apple Cart/Arms and the Man”, Orient
Longman, 2010.
6. Khalil Gibran, “The Prophet” - Rajapal & Sons, 2008.

122

SYLLABI FOR VII SEMESTER
123
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Course Code: AHM 1102 L T P C

4 0 0 4
AIM :
To familiarize with the process of management and to provide basic
insights to select contemporary management practices.
OBJECTIVE :
To understand the management processes and evolve management levels
for effective decision making
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT : Concepts of Management
and Organization – Nature, Importance and Functions of Management,
Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory, Fayol’s Principles of Management,
Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments, Maslow’s Theory of human needs,
Douglas Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Hertzberg’s Two factor
Theory of motivation, Systems approach to Management, Leadership
styles
UNIT-II
DESIGNING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES :Basic concepts
related to Organization, Departmentation and Decentralization, Types of
Mechanistic and Organic Structure of Organization (Line Organization,
Line and staff Organization, Functional Organization, Committee
Organization, Matrix Organization, Virtual Organization, Cellular
Organization, Team Structure, Boundary less Organization, Inverted
Pyramid Structure, Lean and Flat Organization Structure) and their merits,
demerits and suitability
UNIT-III
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT : Principles and Types of Plant
Layout, Methods of Production (Job, Batch and Mass Production),
Work Study, Basic procedure involved in Method Study and Work
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Measurement, Statistical Quality Control: R chart, P chart, C chart (Simple

numerical problems)
UNIT-IV
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT :
Objectives, Need for Inventory control, EOQ, ABC & VED Analysis,
Purchase Procedure, Stores Management and Stores Records (simple
numerical problems)Just in Time System (JIT)
UNIT-V
MARKETING MANAGEMENT : Functions of Marketing, Marketing
mix, marketing strategies based on product life cycle, Channels of
distribution, Consumer behavior and Customer relationship management
UNIT-VI
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT : Concepts of HRM,
HRD and Personnel Management and Industrial Relations (PMIR ),
HRM vs. PMIR, Basic functions of HR Manager : Manpower planning,
Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development, Placement,
Performance Appraisal, Job Evaluation and Merit Rating Grievance
handling and Welfare Administration
Introduction to Social Security Laws: Payment of Gratuity Act (1972),
Employees Provident Fund & Miscellaneous Provisions Act (1958),
Employees State Insurance Act (1948)
UNIT-VII
PROJECT MANAGEMENT (PERT / CPM) : Network Analysis,
Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), Critical Path
Method (CPM), Identifying critical path, probability of completing the
project within given time, project cost analysis, project crashing (simple
numerical problems)
UNIT-VIII
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT : Mission, Goals, Objectives, Policy,
Strategy, Programmes, Elements of Corporate Planning Process,
Environmental Scanning, Steps in strategy formulation and implementation,
value Chain Analysis, SWOT Analysis

125
Corporate social responsibility, business ethics and corporate governance

TEXT BOOKS :
1. A R Aryasri, “Management Science”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd
Edition, 2007.
2. O P Khanna, Industrial Engineering and Management, Dhanpat
Rai Publishers, 2nd Edition, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Azhar Kazmi, “Business Policy and Strategic Management”,
Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition, 2008.
2. S D Sharma, “Operations Research”, Kedarnath Ramnath& Co
3. Philip Kotler & Keller, “Marketing Management”, Pearson
Education, 13th Education, 2008.
4. C B Mamoria & C B Mamoria, “Personnel Management”,
Himalaya Publishers, 12th Edition, 1996.
5. B S Goel, “Production and Operations Management”, Pragati
Prakasan, 2nd Edition, 1979.
6. R Srinivasan, “Strategic Management”, Eastern Economy Edition,
PHI, 3rd Edition, 2008.
7. L M Prasad, “Principles and Practice of Management”, Sultan
Chand & Sons, 7th Edition, 2008.

126
RADAR ENGINEERING

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To impart basic principles of Radar Engineering that are essential for
defense and core industry.
OBJECTIVE:
To impart the students with basic principles of Radar, types of radars,
Tracking techniques, basic radar receiver, noise and signal processing.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION : Nature of Radar, Maximum Unambiguous Range,
Radar Waveforms, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram
and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications.
UNIT-II
RADAR EQUATION : Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum
Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise and SNR, Integration of Radar Pulses,
Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets - sphere, cone-sphere),
Transmitter Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities, System Losses.
UNIT-III
CW AND FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR : Doppler Effect,
CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation between Transmitter and Receiver,
Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications
of CW radar, FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, Block
Diagram and Characteristics (Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW
altimeter, Measurement Errors, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.
UNIT-IV
MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR : Introduction, Principle,
MTI Radar with - Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power Oscillator
Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds,
Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters.
127
MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, Non-coherent

MTI, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.
UNIT-V
TRACKING RADAR : Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical
Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar – Amplitude Comparison Monopulse
(one- and two- coordinates), Phase Comparison Monopulse, Target
Reflection Characteristics and Angular Accuracy, Tracking in Range,
Acquisition and Scanning Patterns. Comparison of Trackers.
UNIT-VI
DETECTION OF RADAR SIGNALS IN NOISE : Introduction,
Matched Filter Receiver – Response Characteristics and Derivation,
Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-
matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.
UNIT-VII
RADAR RECEIVERS : Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Displays
– types, Duplexers – Branch type and Balanced type, Circulators as
Duplexers, Introduction to Phased Array Antennas – Basic Concepts,
Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width changes, Series versus
Parallel Feeds, Applications, Advantages and Limitations.
UNIT-VIII
RADAR STUDIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE: Introduction, Scattering
mechanisms, MST radar, meteor wind radar, other radar studies of the
atmosphere.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Merrill I. Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar Systems”, 3rd Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 1981.
2. Simion. Kingsley, “Understanding Radar Systems”, Standard
Publishing,1999.
REFERENCES :
1. Byron. Edde, “Radar Principles, Technology, Applications”
Q
128
DATA COMMUNICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To make the students understand the Data Networks in order to analyze
different modulation techniques and transmission media.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION : Basics of Digital Communication, Communication
channel, Measure of information, Communications Circuits, Serial and
parallel Transmission, Circuit Arrangements and Networks, Bit Rate,
Baud rate, Entropy.
UNIT-II
MODULATION TECHNIQUES : Baseband, Baseband pulse shaping,
PCM, FSK, MSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8 & 16-PSK, 8 & 16 QAM, Band
width efficiency, carrier recovery, clock recovery, Bit recovery, Probability
of error, Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), Performance Analysis and
Comparison.
UNIT-III
CODES, ERROR CONTROL & DATA FORMATS : Character
Codes, Bar Codes, Error Control, Error Detection, Error Correction,
Character Synchronization.
UNIT-IV
PROTOCOLS: Data Link Protocol Functions, Character and Bit -
Oriented Protocols, Transmission Modes, Data Link Protocols-
Synchronous & Asynchronous, Synchronous Data Link Control, High
Level Data Link Control.
UNIT-V
DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING: TDM, CODECS, COMBO CHIPS ,
Line Encoding, Frame Synchronization, Frequency Division
Multiplexing,Wave length Division Multiplexing, T1 Carrier .

129
UNIT-VI
COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT : Serial and Parallel Interfaces,
Voice Networks and Circuits, Digital Service Unit and Channel Service
Unit, LCU, Voice- Band Data Communication Modems, Asynchronous
& Synchronous Voice-Band Modems, Modem Synchronization, Cable
Modems, Wireless Local loops.
UNIT-VII
NETWORKS : Topologies, Ethernet- Traditional, Fast and GIGA bit
Ethernet, FDDI Public Data Networks, ISDN, B-ISDN.
UNIT-VIII
MULTI MEDIA: Digitization of Video and Audio, Compression,
Streaming, Stored and Live Video and Audio, Real Time Interactive
Video and Audio, VOD.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wayne Tomasi, “Electronic Communication Systems”, Pearson
5th Edition, 2004.
2. William Stallings, “Data and computer communications”, Pearson
Education India, 8th edition 2007.
REFERENCES.
1. N B Chakrabarti, “An Introduction to The Principles of Digital
Communication”, New Age International, 2007.
2. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communication & Networking”,
Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 4th Edition.
3. Taub and schilling, “Principles of Communication Systems”,
3rd Edition McGraw-Hill, 2008.
4. Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, Reprint-2009 John
Wiley & Sons, 1988.

130
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To teach basic concepts of Fiber Optic communications.
OBJECTIVE:
To give an exposure to the design of simple fiber optic networks.
UNIT-I
OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION : Historical
development, The general system, advantages of optical fiber
communications. Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray theory
transmission, Total Internal Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical
Aperture, Skew rays. Cylindrical fibers- Modes, V number, Mode
coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index fibers.
UNIT-II
FIBER MATERIALS : Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode
Field Diameter, Effective Refractive Index, Fiber materials— Glass, Halide,
Active glass, Plastic optical fibers, Signal distortion in optical fibers-
Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and Cladding
losses.
UNIT-III
TYPES OF DISPERSION : Information capacity determination, Group
delay, Types of Dispersion - Material dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion,
Polarization mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion, Pulse broadening,
Fiber Splicing- Splicing techniques, Splicing single mode fibers.
UNIT-IV
OPTICAL SOURCES AND OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTORS :
Connector types, Single mode fiber connectors, Connector return loss,
Fiber alignment and joint loss- Multimode fiber joints, single mode fiber
joints Optical sources- LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum efficiency,
LED Power, Modulation, Power bandwidth product.
131
Injection Laser Diodes- Modes, Threshold conditions, External quantum

efficiency, Laser diode rate equations, Resonant frequencies, LD structure
and radiation patterns, single mode lasers, temperature effects, Reliability
of LED & ILD.
UNIT-V
OPTICAL DETECTORS : Physical principles of PIN and APD,
detector response time, temperature effect on Avalanche gain , Comparison
of Photo detectors.
UNIT-VI
OPTICAL RECEIVER OPERATION : Fundamental receiver
operation, Digital signal transmission, error sources, Receiver configuration,
Digital receiver performance, Probability of error, Quantum limit.
UNIT-VII
OPTICAL SYSTEM DESIGN : Considerations, Component choice.
Point-to-point links, System considerations, Link power budget with
examples, Rise time budget with examples.
UNIT-VIII
LINE CODING AND MEASUREMENTS : Line coding in Optical
links, WDM, Necessity , Principles, Types of WDM, Measurement of
Attenuation and Dispersion, Introduction to Synchronous digital hierarchy.
TEXT BOOKS
01. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications”, PHI, 2nd
Edition, 2002.
02. Gerd Keiser , “Optical Fiber Communications ”, Mc Graw-Hill
International Edition, 4th Edition, 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. Joseph C. Palais, “Fiber Optic Communications” 5th Edition,
2. D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner , “Fiber
Optic Communications”, Pearson Education,2005.
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132
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

(ELECTIVE – I)
CODE: AEC1129 L T P C
4 1 0 4
AIM:
Digital Image Processing is a rapidly evolving field with growing applications
in science and engineering. The aim of this course is to cover the basic
theory and algorithms that are widely used in digital image processing and
expose students to current technologies and issues that are specific to
image processing systems.
OBJECTIVE:
G To understand theoretical foundations of digital image processing;
G To appreciate modern applications; and,
G To implement algorithms for image enhancement, filtering,
restoration etc.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION : Digital image fundamentals, Concept of gray levels,
Image sensing and Acquisition, Gray level to binary image conversion,
Sampling and Quantization, Relationship between pixels.
UNIT-II
IMAGE TRANSFORMS : 2-D DFT, Properties, Walsh transform,
Hadamard Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, Haar transform, Slant
transform, Hotelling transform.
UNIT-III
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN THE SPATIAL DOMAIN : Point
processing, Histogram processing, Spatial filtering.
UNIT-IV
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN : Image
smoothing, Image sharpening, Homomorphic Filtering.

133
UNIT-V
COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING: Pseudo color image processing,
full color image processing.
UNIT-VI
IMAGE RESTORATION : Degradation model, Algebraic approach
to restoration, Inverse filtering, Least mean square filters, Constrained
Least Squares Restoration, Interactive Restoration.
UNIT-VII
IMAGE COMPRESSION: Redundancies and their removal methods,
Fidelity criteria, Image compression models, Source encoder and decoder,
Error free compression, Lossy compression.
UNIT-VIII
IMAGE SEGMENTATION: Detection of discontinuities, Edge linking
and boundary detection, Thresholding, Region oriented segmentation.
TEXT BOOK:
1. R.C. Gonzalez & R.E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”
Addison Wesley/ Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2002.
2. A.K.Jain , “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, PHI,
5th ed.
REFERENCES:
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E Woods and Steven L. Eddins,
“Digital Image Processing using MAT LAB” , Pearson Education,
2004.
2. William K. Pratt, “ Digital Image Processing”, John Wilely, 3rd
Edition, 2004.
3. Arthur R. Weeks, Jr., “Fundamentals of Electronic Image
Processing”, 3rd ed., SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1996.
4. Jagadeesh Bandi, “Optimization Between Image Quality and
Compression Ratio”, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing,
Germany, 2012, ISBN:978-3-8484-1095-8.
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134
BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

(ELECTIVE – I)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To give a complete exposure of various recording mechanisms and
physiological parameters measured for diagnostic application.
OBJECTIVE:
G To study different types of electrodes used in bio-potential
recording.
G To understand the characteristics of bio-amplifiers and different
types of recorders.
G To understand how to measure various biochemical and
nonelectrical parameters of human system.
G To study the instrumentation concerned with measuring the blood
flow
G To study the latest developments in medical imaging systems.
UNIT-I
COMPONENTS OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
SYSTEMS : Bio-amplifier, Static and dynamic characteristics of medical
instruments, Bio-signals and characteristics, Problems encountered with
measurements from human beings, Organization of cell, Nernst equation
and Goldman’s Equation for membrane Resting Potential Generation,
Propagation of Action Potential.
UNIT-II
BIO-POTENTIAL ELECTRODES & TRANSDUCERS: Electrode
potential, Electrode equivalent circuit, Types of Electrodes-Surface
Electrodes, Needle Electrodes, Micro Electrodes, Transducers for
measuring the physiological parameters.

135
UNIT-III
BIO-SIGNAL ACQUISITION : Electrical Conduction system of the
heart, ECG leads, Einthoven triangle, ECG amplifier, EEG 10-20 lead
system, EEG amplifier, Specifications and Interpretation of
ECG,EEG,EMG, ERG, EOG.
UNIT-IV
BIO-SIGNAL MEASUREMENTS: Blood flow meters-
Electromagnetic blood flow meter, Ultrasonic Doppler blood flow meter.
Blood pressure measurement- Ultrasonic blood pressure monitoring,
Phonocardiograph- Heart sound Microphone and preamplifier, TMT
Machine.
UNIT-V
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSIST DEVICES & THERAPEUTIC
EQUIPMENT : Pacemakers- External & internal, Defibrillators- External
& internal, Different types of Hemodialyser and Hemodialysis machine,
Heart-Lung machine – Oxygenators and Blood pumps, Audio meter,
Opthalmoscope, Shortwave Diathermy, Microwave Diathermy and
Ultrasound Diathermy.
UNIT-VI
OPERATION THEATRE EQUIPMENT AND MONITORING
EQUIPMENT: Spiro meter, Pnemuotachography using strain-gauge,
Plethysmography, Anesthesia machine, Ventilators, Surgical diathermy,
Humidifiers, Neubilisers, Arrthmia Monitor, Holter monitor, Ambulatory
Monitor, Fotal Monitor, Incubator.
UNIT-VII
CLINICAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT : Colorimeter, Flame
photometer, Spectrophotometer, Conductivity meter, Electrophoresis,
Chromatography, Blood cell Counter, Blood gas analyzer: pH-pCO2,
pO2, Auto-analyzer, Glucometer.
UNIT-VIII
MEDICAL IMAGING EQUIPMENT: X-ray generation, X-ray tube,
X-ray machine, Computed Tomography (CT), Endoscope, Ultrasound
Imaging system, Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Imaging

136
systems- Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission

Tomography (SPECT).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Leslie Cromwell and F.J. Weibell, E.A. Pfeiffer, “Biomedical
Instrumentation and Measurements”, PHI, 2nd ed, 1980.
2. Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical
Equipment Technology”, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia,
2001.
REFERENCES:
1. R.S. Khandpur, “Hand-book of Biomedical Instrumentation”,
TMH, 2nd Ed., 2003.
2. John Enderle, Susan Blanchand and John Bronzino, “Introduction
to Biomedical Engineering”, Elsvier Publications ,2005.
3. John G. Webster, “Medical Instrumentation, Application and
Design”, John Wiley, 3rd ed., 2009.

137
ROBOTICS
(ELECTIVE-I)

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To inculcate the student to understand the components of a robotics and
capability for designing from a system approach.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Automation and Robotics, An overview of
Robotics–current and future applications – classification by coordinate
system and control method.
UNIT-II
CONTROL OF ACTUATORS IN ROBOTIC MECHANISMS:
Closed loop control in a position servo, effect of friction and gravity,
frequency domain considerations, control of robotic joints, stepper motors,
hydraulic actuators and pneumatic systems, servo amplifiers.
UNIT-III
ROBOTIC SENSORY DEVICES: Non-optical position sensors,
velocity sensors, accelerometers, proximity sensors, noncontact proximity
sensors, Touch and slip sensors, force and torque sensors, Speaker and
microphone.
UNIT-IV
VISION FOR ROBOTIC SYSTEM : Imaging components, Image
representation, hardware considerations, picture coding, object
reorganization and categorization, software considerations, need for vision
training and adaptation, Review of existing systems.
UNIT-V
COMPUTER CONSIDERATIONS FOR ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
: Architectural considerations, hardware considerations, computational

138
elements in robotic applications, real time considerations, Robot

programming, path planning, the robot’s computer system.
UNIT-VI
TRANSFORMATIONS AND KINEMATICS: Specifications of
matrices, D-H notation joint coordinates and world coordinates Forward
and inverse kinematics – problems.
UNIT-VII
COMPONENTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL ROBOT : Functional line
diagram representation of robot arms, common types of arms,
Components, Architecture, number of degrees of freedom – requirements
and challenges of end effectors, determination of end effectors, comparison
of Electric, Hydraulic and Pneumatic types of locomotion devices, Motion
Analysis: Homogeneous transformations as applicable to rotation and
translation – problems.
UNIT-VIII
ROBOT APPLICATION: Material Transfer - Material handling, loading
and unloading-Processing - spot and continuous arc welding – Electronic
Assembly, Inspection and testing.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Richard D. Klafter, Thomas A.Chmielewski, Michael Negin,
“Robotic Engineering: An Integrated Approach”, Prentice- Hall,
lnc., Englewood cliffs, NJ, USA, April, 2004.
2. Robert J. Schilling , “Fundamentals of Robotics : Analysis and
Control”, Prentice Hall, 1990.
REFERENCES:
1. Groover M P, “Industrial Robotics”, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
2. Haruhiko Asada, Jean-Jacques E. Slotine, “Robot Analysis and
Intelligence”, Wiley-IEEE, 1986.
3. John J Craig, “Introduction to Robotics”, 3rd ed., Pearson,
Prentice Hall, 2005.
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139
DATA STRUCTURES FOR

ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
(ELECTIVE-I)
Course Code: AIT1114 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To empower students to build efficient software applications with suitable
data structures.
OBJECTIVE:
To make students understand the software design techniques for solving
engineering applications of their discipline
UNIT-I
RECURSION AND LINEAR SEARCH : Preliminaries of algorithm,
Algorithm analysis and complexity, Recursion: Definition, Design
Methodology and Implementation of recursive algorithms, Linear and
binary recursion, recursive algorithms for factorial function, GCD
computation, Fibonacci sequence, Towers of Hanoi. (Chapters 1, 2 from
Text Book 1)
UNIT-II
SEARCHING TECHNIQUES : Introduction, Linear Search, Transpose
Sequential, Search, Interpolation Search, Binary Search, Fibonacci Search.
(Chapter 15 from Text Book 2)
UNIT-III
SORTING TECHNIQUES: Basic concepts, insertion sort, selection sort,
bubble sort, quick sort, merge sort. (Chapter 12 from Text Book 1)
UNIT-IV
STACKS : Basic Stack Operations, Representation of a Stack using
Arrays, Stack Applications: Reversing list, Factorial Calculation, In-fix-
140
to postfix Transformation, Evaluating Arithmetic Expressions. (Chapter

3 from Text Book 1)
UNIT-V
QUEUES : Basic Queues Operations, Representation of a Queue using
array, Implementation of Queue Operations using Stack. (Chapter 4
from Text Book 1)
UNIT-VI
APPLICATIONS OF QUEUES : Applications of Queues- Enqueue,
Dequeue, Circular Queues, Priority Queues. (Chapter 4 from
Text Book 1)
UNIT-VII
LINKED LISTS : Introduction, single linked list, representation of a
linked list in memory, Operations on a single linked list, merging two single
linked lists into one list, Reversing a single linked list, Circular linked
list, Double linked list. (Chapter 6 from Text Book 2)
UNIT-VIII
TREES : Basic tree concepts, Binary Trees: Properties, Representation
of Binary Trees using arrays and linked lists, operations on a Binary tree,
Binary Tree Traversals (recursive), Creation of binary tree from in-order
and pre(post)order traversals.
(Chapter 8 from Text Book 2)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Richard F, Gilberg & Behrouz A. Forouzan, “ Data Structures”,
2nd Edition, Thomson, 2007.
2. GAV PAI, “Data Structures and Algorithms”, 1st Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2010.
REFERENCES:
1. Seymour Lipschutz, “Data Structure with C”, 1st Edition, TMH,
2009.
2. Debasis ,Samanta “Classic Data Structures”, 2nd Edition,
PHI,2009.
141
3. Horowitz,Sahni, Anderson “Fundamentals of Data Structure in

C”, 2nd Edition, Freed, University Press, 2009.
Note
A small application may be implemented in software from their
respective disciplines at the end of the course.
Q

142
DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR ENGINEERS

(ELECTIVE – I)
Course Code: AEE 1142 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To teach the principles of design, and how they apply to engineering
design projects and future job activities. It teaches the design process,
rather than the technical details of any one engineering field. Basic design
principles of and design tools, are introduced.
UNIT-I
What is engineering? Definition. Various fields of engineering. Engineering
professional bodies.
UNIT-II
What is design? Difference between analysis , design, and replication.
Good design versus bad design. The design cycle. Overall objectives.
UNIT-III
Modeling and analysis. Gathering information. Build document and test.
Revise. Informal brain storming. Examples.
UNIT-IV
Project management and team work skills. Working in a team . Building
a team. Job description. Team meetings. Working with other teams.
UNIT-V
Time line. Pert. Documentation. Logbook. Technical reports. Electronic
documentation. Case studies.
UNIT-VI
Engineering tools. Estimation. Significant figures. Plots.Prototyping. Reverse
engineering. Computer analysis.
UNIT-VII
The human machine interface. How people interact with machines.
143
Ergonomics. Societies view of engineering. Learning from mistakes. Role

of failure. Case studies.
UNIT-VIII
Learning to speak, write, and make presentations. Importance of good
communication. Preparing for meetings. Preparing a formal presentation.
Technical papers. Proposals. Instructional manuals.
TEXT BOOK:
1. N Horenstien, “Design Concepts for Engineers Mark”, Prentice
Hall, 4th Edition, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Balbir S. Dillon, “Advanced Design Concepts for Engineers”,
Technology Publishing Company, 1st Edition, 1998.

144
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
(ELECTIVE – II)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
Students will learn Satellite Systems and Communications applications
comprehensively and apply this knowledge for understanding the existing
Modern Satellite Applications.
OBJECTIVE:
The flow of the syllabus enables students to understand the subject from
basics to advanced technologies on Satellite Communications and get
prepared for Industry and will not be needing extensive training on these
aspects.
UNIT-I
SATELLITE ORBITS : Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s law, orbital
parameters, orbital perturbations, station keeping, geo stationary and non
Geo-stationary orbits – Look Angle Determination- Limits of visibility –
eclipse-Sub satellite point –Sun transit outage-Launching Procedures -
launch vehicles and propulsion.
UNIT-II
SPACE SEGMENT : Spacecraft Technology- Structure, Primary
power, Attitude and Orbit control, Thermal control and Propulsion,
communication Payload and supporting subsystems, Telemetry, Tracking
and command.
UNIT-III
EARTH SEGMENT : Earth Station Technology— Terrestrial Interface,
Transmitter and Receiver, Antenna Systems TVRO, MATV, CATV, Test
Equipment Measurements on G/T, C/No, EIRP, Antenna Gain.

145
UNIT-IV
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN : Satellite uplink and downlink Analysis
and Design, link budget, E/N calculation- performance impairments-
system noise, inter modulation and interference, Propagation Characteristics
and Frequency considerations- System reliability and design lifetime.
UNIT-V
SATELLITE ACCESS : Modulation and Multiplexing: Voice, Data,
Video, Analog – digital transmission system, Digital video Broadcast,
multiple access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Assignment Methods, Spread
Spectrum communication, compression – encryption.
UNIT-VI
SATELLITE APPLICATIONS-COMMUNICATIONS : INTELSAT
Series, INSAT, VSAT, Mobile satellite services : GSM, GPS, INMARSAT,
LEO, MEO, Satellite Navigational System. Specialized services : E –mail,
Video conferencing, Internet.
UNIT-VII
PRINCIPLES OF TV & BROADCASTING: Gross structure, Image
continuity, Scanning, flicker, interlaced scanning, number of scanning lines,
Fine structure, Tonal Gradation. Video signal dimensions, Horizontal
sync. details,Vertical sync. details, Scanning sequence details, Functions
of vertical pulse train, Channel bandwidth, vestigial side band transmission,
bandwidth allocations for colour transmission.
UNIT-VIII
SATELLITE APPLICATIONS-BROADCAST : Direct Broadcast
satellites (DBS)- Direct to home Broadcast (DTH), Digital audio broadcast
(DAB)- World space services, Business TV(BTV), GRAMSAT.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Tri T. Ha, ‘Digital Satellite Communication”, 2nd Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 1990.
2. R R Gulati, “Monochrome and Colour Television”, New Age
International, 2007.

146
REFERENCES:
1. M. Richharia, “Satellite Communication Systems-Design
Principles”, Macmillan 2003.
2. N.Agarwal, “Design of Geosynchronous Space Craft”, Prentice
Hall, 1986.
3. Bruce R. Elbert, “The Satellite Communication Applications
Hand Book”, Artech House Bostan London, 1997.
4. Wilbur L. Pritchard, Hendri G. Suyderhoud, Robert A. Nelson,
“Satellite Communication Systems Engineering”, Prentice Hall,
Pearson, 2007.

147
EMI/EMC
(ELECTIVE-II)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To impart the fundamentals that are essential for electronics industry
in the field of EMI AND EMC
OBJECTIVE:
G To understand EMI sources and its measurements.
G To understand the various techniques for electromagnetic
compatibility.
UNIT-I
Introduction: History and concept of EMI, Definitions of EMI/EMC,
Electromagnetic environment, Practical experiences and concerns,
frequency spectrum conservation, mechanisms of EMI generation, EMI
testing, Methods of elimination of EMI and Biological effects of EMI.
UNIT-II
NATURAL AND MANMADE SOURCES OF EMI/EMC: Sources
of Electromagnetic noise, typical noise paths, modes of noise coupling,
designing for EM compatibility, lightening discharge, electro static discharge
(ESD), electromagnetic pulse (EMP).
UNIT-III
EMI FROM APPARATUS / CIRCUITS AND OPEN AREA TEST
SIDES: Electromagnetic emissions, noise form relays and switches, non-
linearities in circuits, passive inter modulation, transients in power supply
lines, EMI from power electronic equipment, EMI as combination of
radiation and conduction, Open area test sides: OATS measurements,
measurement precautions.
UNIT-IV
RADIATED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTS: Anechoic
chamber, TEM cell, reverberating chamber, GTEM cell, comparison of
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test facilities.
UNIT-V
CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT:
Characterization of conduction currents / voltages, conducted EM noise
and power line, conducted EMI from equipment, immunity to conducted
EMI, characteristics of EMI filters and power line filter design.
UNIT-VI
GROUNDING AND CABLING: Safety and signal grounds, low and
high frequency grounding methods, grounding of amplifiers and cable
shields, isolation, neutralizing transformers, shield grounding at high
frequencies, digital grounding, types of cables, mechanism of EMI emission
/ coupling in cables.
UNIT-VII
SHIELDING AND BONDING: Effectiveness of shielding, near and
far fields / impedances, methods of analysis, total loss due to absorption
and reflection effects, composite absorption and reflection losses for
electric fields / magnetic fields, magnetic materials as a shield, shield
discontinuities, slots and holes, seams and joints, conductive gaskets
Electrical Bonding, Shape and Material for Bond straps, General
Characteristics of good bonds.
UNIT-VIII
COMPONENTS FOR EMI /EMC STANDARDS : Choice of
capacitors, inductors, transformers and resistors, EMC design components
National / International EMC standards, military and civilian standards.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dr. V.P. Kodali, “ Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility”,
IEEE Publication, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.
2. Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility IMPACT series,
IIT-Delhi, Modules 1-9.
REFERENCES:
1. C.R. Pal , “Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility”,
Ny John Wiley, 1992.
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149
OPERATING SYSTEMS
(ELECTIVE-II)
Course Code:ACT1108 L T P C
4 1 0 4
AIM:
Gives the idea about the CPU scheduling and memory scheduling and
now they implemented using respective algorithms.
OBJECTIVE:
Student may have the idea about resource sharing, multitasking,
multiprocessing etc.
UNIT-I
COMPUTER SYSTEM AND OPERATING SYSTEM
OVERVIEW : Overview of computer operating systems, operating
systems functions, protection and security distributed systems, special
purpose systems operating systems structures and systems calls, operating
systems generation
UNIT-II
PROCESS MANAGEMENT : Process concepts threads, scheduling-
criteria algorithms, their evaluation, Thread scheduling, case studies UNIX,
Linux, Windows
UNIT-III
CONCURRENCY : Process synchronization, the critical- section
problem, Peterson’s Solution, synchronization Hardware, semaphores,
classic problems of synchronization, monitors, Synchronization examples,
atomic ransactions, Case studies UNIX, Linux, Windows.
UNIT-IV
MEMORY MANAGEMENT : Swapping, contiguous memory
allocation, paging, structure of the page table ,segmentation, virtual memory,
demand paging, page-Replacement, algorithms, case studies UNIX, Linux,
Windows.

150
UNIT-V
PRINCIPLES OF DEADLOCK : system model, deadlock
characterization,deadlock prevention, detection and Avoidance, recovery
form deadlock, I/O systems, Hardware, application interface, kernel I/
O subsystem, Transforming I/O requests, Hardware operation,
STREAMS, performance.
UNIT-VI
FILE SYSTEM INTERFACE : The concept of a file, Access Methods,
Directory structure, File system mounting, file sharing, protection. File
System implementation- File system structure, file system implementation,
directory implementation, directory implementation, allocation methods,
free-space management, efficiency and performance, case studies. UNIX,
Linux, Windows
UNIT-VII
MASS-STORAGE STRUCTURE : overview of Mass-storage
structure, Disk structure, disk attachment disk scheduling, swap-space
management, RAID structure, stable-storage implementation, Tertiary
storage structure.
UNIT-VIII
PROTECTION : Protection, Goals of Protection, Principles of Protection,
Domain of protection, Access Matrix, Implementation of Access Matrix,
Access control, Revocation of Access Rights, Capability- Based systems,
Language – Based Protection, Security- The Security problem, program
threats, system and network threats cryptography as a security tool, user
authentication, implementing security defenses, firewalling to protect
systems and networks, computer–security classifications, case studies
UNIX, Linux, Windows.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Abraham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne, “Operating
System Concepts”, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
2. D.M.Dhamdhere, “Operating systems - A Concept Based
Approach”, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2010.

151
REFERENCES:
1. William Stallings, “Operating Systems”, Internal and Design
Principles, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, PHI, 2009.
2. Charles Crowley, “Operating Systems - A Design Approach”,
1st Edition, TMH, 2009.
3. Andrew S Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating Systems”, 3rd edition
Pearson, PHI, 2008.

152
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING

(ELECTIVE -II)
Course Code: ACS1114 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM :
G The aim of this course is to provide general background on the
Engineering of Software Development process to students in
non computer science departments such as civil, chemical,
mechanical, electrical engineering, etc.
OBJECTIVES:
G To provide an understanding of the various processes software
engineers may employ in developing contemporary software
systems
G To examine all phases of the software development life cycle,
from initial planning through implementation and maintenance.
G To develop an understanding of the tools and techniques
employed in contemporary software engineering.
G To develop an understanding of the skills required to analyze
and design software systems.
G To demonstrate an appreciation of good practices in software
engineering.
G To demonstrate the application of software quality concepts.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: The evolving
role of software, Changing Nature of Software, Software Myths.
A GENERIC VIEW OF PROCESS: SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING: A layered technology, a process framework, The
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), process patterns, process
assessment, personal and team process models.

153
UNIT-II
PROCESS MODELS: The waterfall model, Incremental process models,
Evolutionary process Models, The Unified process, agile methodology.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS : Functional and non-functional
requirements, user requirements, System requirements, Interface
specification, the Software Requirements document.
UNIT-III
REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESS : Feasibility studies,
Requirements elicitation and analysis, Requirements validation,
Requirements management.
SYSTEM MODELS : context models, Behavioral models, Data models,
object models, structured Methods.
UNIT-IV
DESIGN ENGINEERING : Design process and Design quality, Design
concepts, the design model.
CREATING AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : Software
Architecture, Data design, Architectural styles and
Patterns, Architectural Design.
UNIT-V
OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN : Objects and Object classes, An
Object Oriented design process,Design
Evolution.
PERFORMING USER INTERFACE DESIGN: Golden rules, User
interface analysis and design, interface Analysis, interface design steps,
Design evaluation,
Unit-VI
TESTING STRATEGIES: A strategic approach to software testing,
the strategies for conventional
Software, Verification Testing and Validation Testing, Different Types of
Testing, the art debugging.

154
UNIT-VII
Client Server Systems - Meaning, Architecture and Design
Web based Systems - Meaning, Architecture and Design
Data warehouse System - Meaning, Architecture and Design
Introduction to RAD Tool ( 3-4 lab sessions included )
UNIT-VIII
Write Software Development Specifications that include System Analysis
and System design for
a) A Web Based Application System
b) A Data warehouse Application system
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Rojer S Pressman, Roger S., “Software Engineering, A
Practitioner’s Approach”, 7th Edition, TMH, 2008.
2. Han, Jiawel and Kamber Micheline, “Data Mining – Concepts
and Techniques”, 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,
2008.

155
RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
(ELECTIVE - II)

4 1 0 4
AIM :
This is a basic course on Reliability in application to Engineering Systems
in general. This course, as an elective can be taken by other branches
also in general, by Mechanical, Chemical and Electronics and
Communication branches in particulars.
OBJECTIVE :
The subject introduces concepts of reliability after reviewing concepts
of Probability and Random Variables. The course is helpful in System
Analysis and Design.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARIES :Introduction to the
subject, Review of basic Probability Theory: Probability concepts, Venn
Diagrams, Combining Probabilities, Random Variables, distribution and
Density Functions, Expectation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Binomial
Distribution and properties.
UNIT-II
NETWORK MODELING AND EVALUATION OF SIMPLE
SYSTEMS:Network Modeling Concepts, Series, Parallel and Series
Parallel Systems, Redundant Systems.
UNIT-III
NETWORK MODELING AND EVALUATION OF COMPLEX
SYSTEMS : Modeling and Evaluation, conditional Probability approach,
Cutset Method, Tie-set Method, Connection Matix Techniques, Event
trees, Fault trees, Failure Models.

156
UNIT-IV
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND RELIABILITY
EVALUATION :Distribution concepts, General reliability functions and
evaluation, Poisson, Normal and Exponential Distribution, Reliability
functions, A-posteriori failure probability, Mean Value and standard
deviation, Different other distributions , Data Analysis.
UNIT-V
SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION USING PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS : Series and Parallel Systems, Partially Redundant
and Systems, Mean Time to Failure, Standby Systems, Wear out
and Component Reliability, Maintenance and Component Reliability.
UNIT-VI
DISCRETE MARKOV CHAINS : Modeling concepts, Stochastic
transitional probability Matrix, Time dependant probability evaluation,
Limiting State Probability Evaluation, Absorbing States, Applications.
UNIT-VII
CONTINUOUS MARKOV CHAINS :General Modeling Concepts,
State Space diagrams, Stochastic Transitional Probability Matrix.
UNIT-VIII
CONTINUOUS MARKOV CHAINS ( CONTINUED) : Evaluating
Limiting State Probabilities and Time dependant Sate Probabilities,
Reliability Evaluation in Repairable Systems, Mean time to failure,
Applications.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Roy Billington, Ronald N. Allan, “Reliability Evaluation of
Engineering Systems (Concepts and Techniques)” , 2nd edition
Springer, 2010.
REFERENCE BOOK :
1. Charles Ebelling, “An Introduction to Reliability & Maintainability
Engineering”, Tata Mc. Graw Hill Science, 1st edition, 2000.
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157
MICROWAVE &
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB
Course code: AEC1134 L T P C

0 0 3 2
AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this lab is to gain the practical hands on experience
by exposing the students to various microwave components and optical
fibres. The students will have an understanding of the concepts involved
in transmission and reception of the microwave signals, characteristics of
components.
MINIMUM TEN EXPERIMENTS TO BE CONDUCTED:
1. To verify Reflex Klystron Characteristics and to determine the
frequency and tuning range of reflex klystron.
2. To verify Gunn Diode Characteristics.
3. To analyze the fixed and variable attenuator and plot the
micrometer reading Vs attenuation.
4. To determine the coupling factors and directivity of directional
coupler.
5. To measure the power distribution of various wave guide Tee
i.e. E plane, Hplane, Magic Tee.
6. VSWR Measurement and load impedance calculations using
smith chart.
7. Scattering parameters of Circulator.
8. Characterization of LED.
9. Characterization of Laser Diode.
10. Intensity modulation of Laser output through an optical fiber.
11. Measurement of Data rate for Digital Optical link.
12. Measurement of Numerical Aperture of fiber cable.
13. Measurement of losses for Analog Optical link.
Q
158
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

0 0 3 2
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
Design, Simulation and Implementation of various discrete time signals
and verification of various digital signal processing operations using Code
Composer Studio and MATLAB.
1. To study the features and architecture of DSP chips – TMS
320C6713 DSK.
2. To verify linear convolution between two sequences.
3. To verify the circular convolution between two sequences.
4. Implementation of 4-point and 8-point FFT.
5. Implementation of 4-point and 8-point IFFT.
6. To generate various discrete time signals.
7. To generate sum of sinusoidal signals and to find the frequency
response.
8. To find the FFT of given 1-D signal and plot.
9. To design IIR Butterworth and Chebyshev filters(LP/HP).
10. To design FIR filter (LP/HP) using windowing technique.
a) Using rectangular window
b) Using triangular window
c) Using hamming window
11. Filter Design and Analysis using FDA Tool.
12. To compute power density spectrum of a sequence.
Note: Any TEN of the above experiments are to be conducted
Q
SYLLABI FOR VIII SEMESTER
159
COMPUTER NETWORKS

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To understand data networks applications, protocols and applications for
design of all generation data networks.
OBJECTIVE:
Capability to understand updated technologies for future applications.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION : OSI, TCP/IP and other networks models, Examples
of Networks, Arpanet, Internet, Network Topologies, PAN
,LAN,MAN,WAN.
UNIT-II
PHYSICAL LAYER : Transmission media: copper twisted pair, Optical
Fiber, wireless: switching and encoding, asynchronous communications;
Narrow band, broad band ISDN and ATM.
UNIT-III
DATA LINK LAYER : Design issues, framing, error detection and
correction, CRC, Elementary Protocol-stop and wait, Sliding Window,
Slip, Data link layer in HDLC, Internet, ATM.
UNIT-IV
MEDIUM ACCESS SUB LAYER : ALOHA, MAC addresses, Carrier
sense multiple access, IEEE 802.X Standard Ethernet, wireless LANS.
Bridges.
UNIT-V
NETWORK LAYER : Virtual circuit and Datagram subnets-Routing
algorithm shortest path routing, Flooding, Hierarchical routing, Broadcast,
Multi cast, distance vector routing.

160
UNIT-VI
DYNAMIC ROUTING : Broadcast routing, Rotary for mobility,
Congestion, Control Algorithms – General Principles of Congestion
prevention policies, Internet working: The Network layer in the internet
and in the ATM Networks.
UNIT-VII
TRANSPORT LAYER : Transport Services, Connection management,
TCP and UDP protocols; ATM, AAL Layer Protocol.
UNIT-VIII
APPLICATION LAYER : Network Security, Domain name system,
SNMP, Electronic Mail; the Worldwide WEB.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Andrew S Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks” 4th Edition.
Pearson, Education, PHI, 2003.
2. Behrouz A. Forouzan., “Data Communications and Networking”
3rd Edition, TMH.
REFERENCES:
1. S.Keshav, “An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks:
ATM networks, the internet, and the telephone network”, Pearson
Education India, 1997, 2nd Edition.
2. W.A.Shay, “Understanding Communications and Networks”,
PWS, 1995.

161
DIGITAL DESIGN THROUGH VERILOG

(ELECTIVE – III)

4 1 0 4
AIM AND OBJECTIVES:
To learn the concepts of modeling a digital system using Verilog hardware
description Language.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO VERILOG : Verilog as HDL, Levels of Design
Description, Concurrency, Simulation and Synthesis, Functional
Verification, System Tasks, Programming Language Interface (PLI),
Module, Simulation and Synthesis Tools, Test Benches.
LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTS AND CONVENTIONS: Introduction,
Keywords, Identifiers, White Space Characters, Comments, Numbers,
Strings, Logic Values, Strengths, Data Types, Scalars and Vectors,
Parameters, Memory, Operators, System Tasks.
UNIT-II
GATE LEVEL MODELING : Introduction, AND Gate Primitive,
Module Structure, Other Gate Primitives, Illustrative Examples, Tri-State
Gates, Array of Instances of Primitives, Additional Examples, Design of
Flipflops with Gate Primitives, Delays, Strengths and Contention Resolution,
Net Types, Design of Basic Circuits.
UNIT-III
BEHAVIORAL MODELING : Introduction, Operations and
Assignments, Functional Bifurcation, Initial Construct, Always Construct,
Examples, Assignments with Delays, Wait construct, Multiple Always
Blocks, Designs at Behavioral Level, Blocking and Non blocking
Assignments, The case statement, Simulation Flow. iƒ and iƒ-else
constructs, assign-deassign construct, repeat construct, for loop, the

162
disable construct, whileloop, forever loop, parallel blocks, force-release

construct, Event.
UNIT-IV
MODELING AT DATA FLOW LEVEL : Introduction, Continuous
Assignment Structures, Delays and Continuous Assignments, Assignment
to Vectors, Operators.
SWITCH LEVEL MODELING : Introduction, Basic Transistor
Switches, CMOS Switch, Bi-directional Gates, Time Delays with Switch
Primitives, Instantiations with Strengths and Delays, Strength Contention
with Trireg Nets.
UNIT-V
SYSTEM TASKS, FUNCTIONS AND COMPILER DIRECTIVES :
Introduction, Parameters, Path Delays, Module Parameters, System Tasks
and Functions, File-Based Tasks and Functions, Compiler Directives,
Hierarchical Access, General Observations.
FUNCTIONS, TASKS, AND USER-DEFINED PRIMITIVES:
Introduction, Function, Tasks, User- Defined Primitives (UDP), FSM
Design (Moore and Mealy Machines).
UNIT-VI
DIGITAL DESIGN WITH SM CHARTS : State Machine Charts,
Derivation of SM Charts, Realization of SM Charts, Implementation of
the Dice Game, Alternative realizations for SM Charts using
Microprogramming, Linked State Machines.
UNIT-VII
DESIGNING WITH PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS AND
COMPLEX PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES : Xilinx 3000
Series FPGAs, Designing with FPGAs, Using a One-Hot State Assignment,
Altera Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), Altera FLEX
10K Series CPLDs.

163
UNIT-VIII
VERILOG MODELS : Static RAM Memory, A simplified 486 Bus
Model, UART Design.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. T.R. Padmanabhan and B. Bala Tripura Sundari, “Design through
Verilog HDL’’, WSE, IEEE Press2004.
2. Charles H.Roth, “Digital System Design using VHDL”,Jr.
Thomson Publications,2004.
REFERENCES :
1. Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL”, Pearson education,
2nd edition,2003.
2. Thomas and Moorby, “The Verilog Hardware Description
Language”, Kluwer academic publishers 5th edition,2002.
3. Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Logic
Design with Verilog”, TMH publications, 2005.
4. J. Bhaskar, “A Verilog Primer’’, BSP, 2003.

164
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(ELECTIVE – III)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize student with the various hardware and software technologies
used in the embedded system design.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To provide overview of embedded systems and their design
challenges and digital design of single and general purpose
processors.
2. To introduce advanced state machine models popular in
embedded system modeling and various communication
interfaces.
3. To introduce RTOS concepts with reference to task
synchronization in embedded systems
4. To discuss hardware/software codesign, synthesis and design
based on intellectual property and implementation of digital
camera with practical orientation.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION : Embedded systems overview, design challenge,
processor technology, IC technology, Design Technology, Trade-offs.
Single purpose processors RT-level combinational logic, sequential logic
(RT-level), custom single purpose processor design (RT-level), optimizing
custom single purpose processors.
UNIT-II
GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS: Basic architecture, operation,
Pipelining, Programmer’s view, development environment, Application
Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIPs) , Microcontrollers and Digital
Signal Processors.
165
UNIT-III
STATE MACHINE AND CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS:
Introduction, models Vs. languages, finite state machines with data path
model (FSMD), using state machines, program state machine model
(PSM), concurrent process model, concurrent processes, communication
among processes, synchronization among processes, implementation, data
flow model, real-time systems.
UNIT-IV
COMMUNICATION INTERFACE : Need for communication
interfaces, RS232 / UART, RS422 / RS485, USB, Infrared, IEEE 1394
Firewire, Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Blue tooth, Serial Peripheral Interface
UNIT-V
EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS : Architecture of the Kernel,
Tasks and Task scheduler, Interrupt service routines, Semaphores, Mutex,
Mailboxes, Message Queues, Event Registers, Pipes, Signals
UNIT-VI
EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS : Timers, Memory Management,
Priority inversion problem, Embedded operating systems, Embedded
Linux, Real-time operating systems, RT Linux, Handheld operating systems,
Windows CE.
UNIT-VII
DIGITAL CAMERA EXAMPLE : Introduction, Introduction to a
Simple Digital Camera, Requirement Specification, Design
UNIT-VIII
DESIGN TECHNOLOGY : Introduction, Automation, Synthesis,
Parallel evolution of compilation and synthesis, Logic Synthesis, RT synthesis,
Behavioral Synthesis, Systems Synthesis and Hardware/ Software Co-
Design, Verification, Hardware/Software co-simulation, Reuse of
intellectual property codes.

166
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Raj Kamal, “Introduction to Embedded Systems” , TMH, 2002.
2. Frank Vahid, Tony D. Givargis, “Embedded System Design A
Unified Hardware/Software Introduction”, John Wiley, 2002.
3. KVKK Prasad , “Embedded / Real Time Systems”, Dreamtech
Press, 2005.
REFERENCES :
1. Jonathan W. Valvano, “Embedded Microcomputer Systems:
Real Time Interfacing “3rd ed., Brooks Cole, 2011
2. David E. Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson
Ed., 2005.
3. Sri Ram V Iyer, Pankaj Gupta, “Embedded Real Time Systems
Programming”, TMH, 2004.

167
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(ELECTIVE – III)
Course code : AEC1139 L T P C

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize students with the electronics associated with industries for
the improvement of quality and productivity.
OBJECTIVE:
To make students aware of
G nomenclature
G notations
G existing standard practices
G the developments of industrial automation over a number of
years.
UNIT-I
POWER SUPPLIES : DC-DC Converters, Block diagram, Design
Parameters, Power loss, Power dissipation, Accuracy, Resolution, Principle
of MTBF.
UNIT-II
TRANSDUCERS : Introduction : Classification of Transducers, selection
criteria of a Transducer, Types of Transducers, Strain gauge as a transducer,
Capacitive Transducer, Inductive Transducer, Piezoelectric Transducers,
Thermistors, Thermocouples, Pyrometers, Accelerometers.
UNIT-III
ANALOG TRANSMITTERS : Transmitters in Instrumentation and Control
systems, 0-5V, 0-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA output Analog Transmitters.

168
UNIT-IV
DIGITAL TRANSMITTERS : RS232, RS485, SPI, USB, Serial
Synchronous Interface (SSI) Digital Transmitters.
UNIT-V
DISTRIBUTED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS : Evolution, Different
architectures, Local Control Unit, Operator Interface, Displays,
Engineering Interface, Alarms and Alarm management, DCS case study,
Study of any one popular DCS available in market, Factors to be
considered in selecting DCS, case studies in DCS.
UNIT-VI
PLCs-I : Introduction: PLC Definition, Advantages, Characteristic function
of a PLC, Evolution of PLC, Types of PLC, Elements of functional Block
diagram of PLC.
UNIT-VII
PLCs-II : Basic design of a PLC, Areas of Application of PLC,
Programming of a PLC – Resources of a PLC, Elements of Ladder
diagram.
UNIT-VIII
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS: Digital Shaft encoder, Pyrometer, Roll
gap adjustment, Furnace Heat Control, Rolling Schedules, Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems: case studies.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. S K Bhattacharya, S Chatterjee, “Industrial Electronics and
Control”, TMH Publishing Company Limited, 2002.
2. Helen Beecroft, Jim Cahill, “Fundamentals of Industrial Control-
Distributed Control Systems/Digital Automation Systems”, ISA
Publishers.
3. David Bailey, Edwin Wright , “Practical SCADA for Industry’’,
Newnes publications, 2003.

169
REFERENCES :
1. R. Bliesener, F. Ebel, C. Loffler, B. Plagemann, H. Regber,
E.V.Terzi, A. Winter, TP301.Festo Didactic.,08/2002 edition.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PLC_manufacturers.
3. David Bailey, Edwin Wright , “Practical SCADA for Industry”
Newnes publications, 2003.
4. John W. Webb, Ronald A. Reis, “Programmable logic controllers:
principles and applications”, Prentice Hall, 2003.
5. Madhuchhandra Mitra and Samarjit Sen Gupta, “Programmable
Logic Controllers And Industrial Automation”, Penram
International Publishing (India) Pvt.Ltd.

170
DSP PROCESSOR AND ARCHITECTURE

(ELECTIVE – IV)
CODE: AEC1140 L T P C
4 1 0 4
AIM:
This course aims to introduce the architechture required for Signal
Processing applications with practical implementation issues. The necessary
interaction between hardware and software, architecture issues will be
studied in the context of TMS320C54XX DSP Processor.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the issues involved in implementing DSP algorithms
on processors.
2. To understand and appreciate the features provided by various
architectures in supporting common DSP tasks.
3. To understand the implementation of common DSP tasks on
processors.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESING:
Introduction, Digital signal-processing system, Sampling process, Discrete
time sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation
and interpolation, Analysis and Design tool for DSP Systems MATLAB,
DSP using MATLAB.
UNIT-II
COMPUTATIONAL ACCURACY IN DSP IMPLEMENTATIONS :
Number formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic
Range and Precision, Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D
Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors,
Compensating filter.

171
UNIT-III
ARCHITECTURES FOR PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES:
Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus
Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities, Address
Generation Unit, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed Issues,
Features for External interfacing.
UNIT-IV
EXECUTION CONTROL AND PIPELINING: Hardware looping,
Interrupts, Stacks, Relative Branch support, Pipelining and Performance,
Pipeline Depth, Interlocking, Branching effects, Interrupt effects, Pipeline
Programming models.
UNIT-V
PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS :
Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes
of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX
Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program
Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip
Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline Operation
of TMS320C54XX Processors.
UNIT-VI
IMPLEMENTATIONS OF BASIC DSP ALGORITHMS : The Q-
notation, FIR Filters, IIR Filters, Interpolation Filters, Decimation Filters,
PID Controller, Adaptive Filters, 2-D Signal Processing.
UNIT-VII
IMPLEMENTATION OF FFT ALGORITHMS : An FFT Algorithm
for DFT Computation, A Butterfly Computation, Overflow and scaling,
Bit-Reversed index generation, An 8-Point FFT implementation on the
TMS320C54XX, Computation of the signal spectrum.
UNIT-VIII
INTERFACING MEMORY AND I/O PERIPHERALS TO
PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES: Memory space organization,
External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface,
Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

172
Multichannel buffered serial port (McBSP), McBSP Programming,

CODEC interface circuit, CODEC programming, CODEC-DSP interface
example.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, “Digital Signal Processing”,
Thomson Publications, 2004.
2. Phil Lapsley, “DSP Processor Fundamentals”, Architectures &
Features, S. Chand & Co, 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. B. Venkata Ramani and M. Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors,
Architecture”, Programming and Applications, TMH, 2004.
2. Jonatham Stein, “Digital Signal Processing”, John Wiley, 2005.

173
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
(ELECTIVE – IV)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To Study the Wireless Communication Techniques, Channel Properties
and Standards of Wireless Systems.
OBJECTIVE:
Familiar about methods to improve the capacity of the Wireless
Communications.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS : Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications, Mobile radio
telephony in the U.S., Mobile radio systems around the world, Examples
of Wireless Communication systems, Trends in cellular radio and Personal
Communications, Second generation (2G) Cellular Networks, Third
generation (3G) Wireless Networks, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and
LMDS, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Bluetooth and Personal
Area Networks(PANs).
UNIT-II
THE CELLULAR CONCEPT-SYSTEM DESIGN
FUNDAMENTALS : Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment Strategies,
Handoff Strategies, Interference and System Capacity, Trunking and
Grade of Service, Improving Coverage & Capacity in Cellular Systems.
UNIT-III
MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION : Three Basic Propagation
Mechanisms, Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering, Small-Scale Multipath
Propagation, Impulse Response Model of a Multipath Channel, Small-
Scale Multipath Measurements, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels,
Types of Small-Scale Fading, Fading in Wireless Communications.
174
UNIT-IV
MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR MOBILE RADIO :
Frequency Modulation vs. Amplitude Modulation, Amplitude Modulation,
Angle Modulation, Digital Modulation-an Overview, Line Coding, Pulse
Shaping Techniques, Geometric Representation of Modulation signals,
Linear Modulation Techniques, Constant Envelope Modulation, Combined
Linear and Constant Envelope Modulation Techniques, Spread Spectrum
Modulation Techniques, Modulation performance in Fading and Multipath
channels.
UNIT-V
EQUALIZATION, DIVERSITY, CHANNEL CODING, AND
BASEBAND CODING : Fundamentals of Equalization, Generic
Adaptive Equalizer, Equalizers in a Communications Receiver, Survey of
Equalization Techniques, Linear Equalizers, Nonlinear Equalization,
Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization, Fractionally Spaced Equalizers,
Diversity Techniques, RAKE Receiver, Interleaving, Channel Coding,
Block Codes and Finite Fields, Convolutional Codes, Coding gain, Trellis
Coded Modulation, Turbo Codes, Characteristics of Speech Signals,
Quantization Techniques, PCM, Differential Pulse Code
Modulation(DPCM), Delta Modulation (DM), Adaptive Delta
Modulation(ADM), Frequency Domain Coding of Speech, Vocoders,
Linear Predictive Coders, Choosing Speech Codecs for Mobile
Communications, GSM Codec, USDC Codec, Performance evolution
of Speech Coders.
UNIT-VI
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS : Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA),
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Spread Spectrum Multiple
Access, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) Space Division Multiple
Access (SDMA), Packet Radio, Capacity of Cellular Systems.
UNIT-VII
WIRELESS NETWORKING : Difference Between Wireless and Fixed
Telephone Networks, Development of Wireless Networks, Fixed Network
Transmission Hierarchy, Traffic Routing in Wireless Networks, Wireless

175
Data Services, Common Channel Signaling(CCS), Integrated Services

Digital Network(ISDN), Signaling System No.7(SS7), Example of SS7-
Global Cellular Network Interoperability, Personal Communication
Services/Networks(PCS/PCNs), Protocols for Network Access, Network
Databases, Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems(UMTS).
UNIT-VIII
WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS : Global Systems for
Mobile(GSM), CDMA Digital Cellular Standard(IS-95), PACS-Personal
Access Communication Systems, Pacific Digital Cellular(PDC),
System(PHS), US PCS and ISM Bands, US Wireless Cable Television,
2G and 3G Network Applications.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. S.Rappaport, “Wireless Communications-Theodore”, Pearson
education, 2nd Edn., 2002.
2. W.C.Y.Lee, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunications”, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2nd edition, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Andrea Gold Smith, “Wireless Communications”, Cambridge
University Press, 2005
2. Lee “Wireless and Mobile Communications”, McGraw Hills,
3rd Edition, 2006.
3. Jon W. Mark and Weihua Zhqung, Wireless Communication
and Networking”, PHI, 2005.
4. R. Blake, “Wireless Communication Technology”, Thompson
Asia Pvt. Ltd., 2004.

176
POWER ELECTRONICS
(ELECTIVE – IV)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize the student with different power semiconductor devices,
converter circuits that find wide application in industry.
OBJECTIVE:
With the advent of semiconductor devices, revolution is taking place in
the power transmission, distribution and utilization. This course introduces
the basic concepts of power semiconductor devices, converters and their
analysis.
UNIT-I
POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: Thyristors – Silicon
Controlled Rectifiers (SCR’s) – BJT – Power MOSFET – Power IGBT
and their characteristics– Basic principle of operation of SCR – Static
characteristics – Two transistor analogy of SCR - Turn on and turn off
methods- Dynamic characteristics of SCR – Turn on and Turn off times
-Salient points .
UNIT-II
TRIGGERING AND COMMUTATION CIRCUITS: Series and
parallel connections of SCR’s – Thyristor Protection-di/dt protection-dv/
dt protection-over voltage protection-over current protection-gate
protection-(Principle of operation only)– Specifications and Ratings of
SCR - Gate triggering circuits, Line Commutation and Forced Commutation
circuits- Numerical problems.
UNIT-III
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTERS: Fully
controlled converters, Mid point and Bridge connections with Resistive,
RL loads and RLE load– Derivation of average load voltage and current
177
for continuous load current only– Effect of freewheeling diode- Line

commutated inverters -Active and Reactive power inputs to the converters
without and with Freewheeling Diode, Effect of source inductance –
Derivation of load voltage and current – Numerical problems.
UNIT-IV
SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTERS: Half
controlled bridge converter with R, RL and RLE load- Derivation of
average load voltage and current for continuous load current operation
only-Active and Reactive power inputs to the converters–Numerical
problems
UNIT-V
THREE PHASE LINE COMMUTATED CONVERTERS : Three
phase converters – Three pulse and six pulse converters – Mid point and
bridge connections- derivation of average load voltage With R and RL
loads-Three phase half controlled bridge converter-derivation of average
load voltage – Effect of Source inductance–Dual converters (both single
phase and three phase) - Numerical Problems.
UNIT-VI
AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS & CYCLO CONVERTERS:
AC voltage controllers – Single phase two SCR’s in anti parallel – With
R and RL loads, Derivation of RMS load voltage, current and power
factor -wave forms –numerical problems - Cyclo converters – Single
phase mid point cyclo converters with Resistive and inductive load
(Principle of operation only) – Bridge configuration of single phase cyclo
converter (Principle of operation only) – Waveforms
UNIT-VII
CHOPPERS : Choppers – Time ratio control and Current limit control
strategies – Step down choppers- Derivation of load voltage and currents
with R, RL and RLE loads- Step up Chopper – load voltage Expression
,Morgan’s chopper, Jones chopper (Principle of operation only) Waveforms
–– AC Chopper – Problems.

178
UNIT-VIII
INVERTERS: Inverters – Single phase inverter – Basic series inverter
– Basic parallel Capacitor inverter, Bridge inverter – Waveforms - Voltage
control techniques for inverters -Pulse width modulation techniques.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M. D. Singh & K. B. Kanchandhani, “Power Electronics”, Tata
Mc Graw – Hill Publishing company, 2nd Edition, 1998.
2. P. S. Bimbra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers, 4th
Edition, 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. M. H. Rashid, “Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and
Applications”, Prentice Hall of India 2nd Edition, 1998.
2. P.C.Sen, “Power Electronics”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 1st Edition,
2001.
3. Vedam Subramanyam, “Power Electronics”, New Age
International (P) Limited, Publishers, 2003.
4. B. K. Bose, “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”,
Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2003.

179
PROCESS CONTROL AND AUTOMATION

(ELECTIVE – IV)

4 1 0 4
AIM:
To familiarize engineers of all disciplines with the knowledge of computers
and electronics.
OBJECTIVES :
1. To make a student comprehensive engineer.
2. To make the student understand the importance of automation
and control for improvement of quality and productivity.
3. This knowledge should make every engineer to understand the
importance ofproper specifications to be defined for making
the automation successful.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER CONTROL : Role of
computers in the control of Industrial processes (plants). Elements of
Computer Controlled Process Plant. Classification – Batch, Continuous,
Supervisory and Direct Digital Controls, Architecture – Centralized,
Distributed and Hierarchical Systems, Man Machine or Human Computer
Interface (HCI).
UNIT-II
BUILDING BLOCKS : Process Control Requirements of Computers,
Process related variables, Computer Network, Communications in
Distributed control Systems, Smart Sensors and Field bus, Wireless
sensor networks and control, Data Acquisiton system.
UNIT-III
CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN : Control System Design – Heuristics,
Structural Controllability and Relative Gain Array. Controller Design –
180
Regulator design and other design considerations, Controller Tuning – P,

PI, PID, and Ziegler-Nicholas method, Computer aided Control System
Design.
UNIT-IV
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS (PLCS):
Introduction - principles of operation - Architecture of Programmable
Logic controllers - programming the programmable controllers- software
- configurations - applications.
UNIT-V
DESIGN OF FEED FORWARD CONTROLLER : Block Diagram,
Feed Forward control algorithms – dynamic, static, Deadbeat
UNIT-VI
CASCADE, PREDICTIVE AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL: Cascade
Control – Dynamic response, Types, Implementation, Predictive Control
– Model based and Multivariable System, Adaptive Control – Adjustment,
Schemes, and Techniques.
UNIT-VII
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS: Automation of thermal
power plant - Automation strategy - distributed system structure - Automatic
boiler controller - diagnostic function and protection - automatic start-
up system - thermal stress control - man - machine interface – software
system - communication system - variable pressure control - combined
plant control.
UNIT-VIII
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS: Introduction - Functional
requirements of distributed control system - system architecture -
Distributed control systems - configuration - Applications of distributed
control systems.
TEXT BOOKS
1. S.K.Singh, “ Computer Aided Process Control”, PHI Learning
Pvt. Ltd., 2004.

181
2. M.Chidambaram, “Computer Control of Processes”, Narosa

2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Seborg, D.E., T.F. Edgar, and D.A. Mellichamp, “Process
Dynamics and Control”, John Wiley, 2004.
2. Johnson D Curtis, “Instrumentation Technology”, 7th Edition,
Prentice Hall India, 2002.
3. Krishna Kanth, “Computer-based Industrial Control”, PHI 1997.
4. S. Bennett, “Real Time Control : An Introduction”, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education India, 2003 Reference http: //jntu.ac.in/dap/
syl.html.

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1

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

AEE1125 Reliability Evaluation of

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : AHE1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : ABM1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : ABP1101 L T P C

Polarization: Types of Polarizations, Brewster’s law, Double refraction,

dependence of electronic polarization, Dielectric strength, Dielectric loss,

3. M.R. Srinivasan, “Engineering Physics”, 1st Edition, New Age

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : ABC1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

BASIC NETWORK ANALYSIS

Course Code : AEE1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

ENGLISH LANGUAGE LAB

Course Code: AHE1102 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : AMT1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Tin-Smithy: Preparation of a sheet metal pipe-joint using tin-

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink,

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LAB

Course Code : ABP1102 L T P C

LIST OF PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

08. Study of I-V characteristics of a solar cell

LIST OF CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : ABM1102 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : AME1103 L T P C

MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA : Moment of inertia of masses –

Course Code : ABE1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING THROUGH C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

Course Code : AEC1101 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

ELECTRONIC DEVICES LAB

Course Code: AEC1102 L T P C

G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2012

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB

Course Code : ACT1103 L T P C

4. The total distance traveled by vehicle in ‘t’ seconds is given by