Curso de Ingles 22 de 30

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UNIT 22 1

Tom ’ s Br ot her Jam es

Tom - How som e people chang e when t hey g r ow up!


M arg. - W hy do you say t hat ?
Tom - W ell, I was t hink ing about m y br ot her Jam es, f or
exam ple. T oday, he and I have t he sam e ideas, t he
sam e t ast es. But when we wer e young boys, he was
j ust t he opposit e of m e. He lik ed only book s and st udy.
I lik ed only spor t s. Ever y Sat ur day af t er noon, while I
played f oot ball - Jam es st ayed at hom e and wat ched
t elevision! At school he never opened his m out h, unless
t he t eacher ask ed him a q uest ion, but I t alk ed all t he
t im e - -
M arg. - I can im ag ine t hat , dear !
Tom - Dur ing t he holidays, when I visit ed f r iends and played
t ennis or f oot ball, Jam es st ayed at hom e and wor k ed in
t he g ar den!
O ne day a f r iend invit ed us t o his sist er ’s wedding
par t y. I t was a splendid par t y! T he wedding cak e was as
big as a m ount ain -
M arg. - T om ! How you exag g er at e!
Tom - W ell, it was enor m ous!
M arg. - All r ig ht . G o on!
Tom - And t her e wer e oceans of cham pag ne -
M arg. - T om ! O ceans of cham pag ne! W hat nonsense!
Tom - All r ig ht . Not oceans. River s!
M arg. - You silly boy! W ell, did Jam es have a nice evening at
t he par t y?
Tom - G ood heavens! No! He cer t ainly didn’t ! He was t er r ibly
unhappy. He danced only t hr ee t im es - and each t im e
wit h t he sam e g ir l!
M arg. - Did t hey t alk m uch?
( t urn over)
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UNIT 22 2

( cont i nuat i on) Tom ’ s Br ot her Jam es

Tom - No, t hey didn’t ! She ask ed him once or t wice if he lik ed
dancing , but he didn’t answer .
M arg. - How do you k now t hat he didn’t answer ?
Tom - Because I was list ening . T hen, when t heir t hir d dance
was over , she ask ed, “ Ar e you t ir ed?”
M arg. - And what did he answer ?
Tom - He answer ed, “ Yes, I am . ” Af t er t hat he st ayed alone in
a cor ner t ill t he par t y was over !
M arg. - Poor boy! He was sensit ive and shy.
Tom - W ell, af t er he r eached t he ag e of eig ht een, he chang ed
com plet ely, t hank heaven! And now we ag r ee about
ever yt hing .
M arg. - W ell, I believe t hat he was a ver y nice boy! I lik e q uiet ,
ser ious boys.
Tom - Yes, dear . He was j ust your t ype. At t he par t y, when
t hey of f er ed him cham pag ne ( and it was t he ver y best
cham pag ne) - he r ef used - and ask ed f or a g lass of
cold m ilk inst ead! Ha, ha, ha . . .

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UNIT 22 3

past simple = (pas ado s i mpl e)

El “pas t s i m pl e” de l os ver bos r egul ar es s e f or ma añadi endo “- ed” o


bi en “- d” a l a f or ma bas e del ver bo.

t o w or k = t r abaj ar t o l i ve = vi vi r

past simple past simple

I wor ked = yo t r abaj é; I l i ved = yo vi ví ;


you wor ked yo t r abaj aba et c. you l i ved yo vi ví a et c.
he wor ked he l i ved

we wor ked we l i ved


you wor ked you l i ved
t hey wor ked t hey l i ved

forma interrogativa forma negativa forma contracta

di d I wor k ? I di d not wor k I di dn’ t wor k


di d you wor k ? you di d not wor k you di dn’ t wor k
di d he wor k ? he di d not wor k he di dn’ t wor k

di d we wor k ? we di d not wor k we di dn’ t wor k


di d you wor k ? you di d not wor k you di dn’ t wor k
di d t hey wor k ? t hey di d not wor k t hey di dn’ t wor k

El “Pas t Si m pl e” s e us a par a acci ones que comenz ar on y t er mi nar on en


el pas ado. Tr aduce el pr et ér i t o per f ect o y el pr et ér i t o i m per f ect o.

pr et ér it o per f ect o

> Last week Bar bar a i nvi t ed Abel t o her bir t hday. i nvi t ó

pr et ér it o im per f ect o

> W hen Abel was a lit t le boy he l i ved in Seville. vi ví a

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UNIT 22 4

past simple

obser va

1. Cuando el ver bo t er mi na en cons onant e s e l e w ant w ant ed


añade - ed.

2. Cuando t er mi na en - e s e l e añade –d l i ve l i ved

3. Cuando t er mi na en cons onant e + –y, es t a s e st udy st udi ed


cambi a en “i ” y s e l e añade - ed.

4. Cuando t er mi na en vocal + –y, s e l e añade pl ay pl ayed


- ed.

5. Los ver bos de una s í l aba que t er mi nan en st op st opped


una vocal y una cons onant e, dupl i can l a
cons onant e y añaden - ed.

6. Los ver bos que t er mi nan en - l pr ecedi da de t r avel t r avel l ed


una s ol a vocal , dupl i can l a l .

Not a

En el i ngl és de l os Es t ados Uni dos el “pas t ” de “t o t r avel ”es “t r avel ed”.

present past

I want I want ed
I live I lived
I st udy I st udi ed
I play I played
I st op I st opped
I t r avel I t r avell ed

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UNIT 22 5

how

how = como

• How ar e you?
How was Mar g ar et dr essed?
How did she behave? = (¿Cómo s e compor t ó?)

how = que

• How beaut if ul!


How int er est ing !
How silly!

How m uch…? = ¿Cuánt o… ?

• How m uch is a ham sandwich and a Cok e?

How m any…? = ¿Cuánt os … ?

• How m any pair s of shoes has Mar g ar et g ot ?

How of t en…? = ¿Con qué f r ecuenci a… ?

• How of t en do you g o t o t he cinem a?

How f ar i s i t …? = ¿A qué di s t anci a es t á?

• How f ar is it f r om New Yor k t o Los Ang eles?

How l ong…? = ¿Cuánt o t i empo… ?

• How long does it t ak e? = ¿Cuánt o t i empo hace f al t a?


How long does it last ? = ¿Cuánt o t i empo dur a?

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UNIT 22 6

1. to grow = cr ecer

• Banana is a nour ishing f r uit t hat g r ows in t r opical count r ies.

2. to grow = cul t i var

• Mr s W ilson loves t o g r ow all k inds of f lower s. Mr W ilson lik es


t o g r ow veg et ables.

3. to grow up = cr ecer ; hacer s e mayor

W hen Chi l dr en G r ow up.

- My husband is a paint er , a ver y g ood paint er . And what


does your husband do?
- My husband is a j our nalist . A ver y clever j our nalist . And
when m y lit t le boy g r ows up, he will be a j our nalist , t oo -
r ig ht , dar ling ?
- NO !
- T hen what do you want t o be when you g r ow up, dear ?
- A g ang st er .
< < < < < §> > > > >
past continuous

El “pas t cont i nuous ” s e f or ma con was o wer e más el ver bo en ger undi o.

I was wor k ing = yo es t aba t r abaj ado


you wer e wor k ing = t ú es t abas t r abaj ando
he was wor k ing = él es t aba t r abaj ando et c.

we wer e wor k ing


you wer e wor k ing
t hey wer e wor k ing

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UNIT 22 7

past continuous

Rober t and M i l l i e

Robert - W hat wer e you doing all m or ning , Millie?


Millie - W hat was I doing , dear ?
Robert - Yes! W hat wer e you doing ? I t elephoned you at least
six t im es, bet ween t en and t welve. But always - no
answer ! W hat wer e you doing ?
Millie - I was wait ing f or a bus, dear .
Robert - W her e? I n t he k it chen?
Millie - No, dear . I was wait ing f or a bus at t he bus st op.
Robert - W hy wer e you wait ing all t hat t im e?
Millie - Because it was r aining , and t he buses wer e all f ull,
dear .
Robert - But you wer en’t wait ing f or t wo hour s!
Millie - No, dear . For half an hour .
Robert - And what wer e you doing f or t he ot her hour and a
half ?
Millie - I was com ing hom e on f oot , dear .
Robert - W HY O N FO O T ? W hy didn’t you t ak e a t axi? I n all t hat
r ain!
Millie - Because all last week you wer e saying t hat we m ust
save m oney, dear .
Robert - Oh - well - her e ar e t hir t y pounds! Keep t hem f or
t he next t im e it r ains. T he buses ar e always cr owded
on r ainy days.
Millie - T hir t y pounds! O h, Rober t ! I - I don’t k now how t o
t hank you, dear .
Robert - Rubbish!
===
bet w een = ent r e

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UNIT 22 8

My br ot her and I … = (l i t . M i her mano y yo… )

Not a I and my br ot her ... ¡ Er r or !

• My f r iend Mar k and I ar e g oing t o Swit zer land on vacat ion.


I n sum m er , m y par ent s, m y sist er Debr a and I spend m any
week ends at t he seaside.

< < < < < §> > > > >

1. JUST = s ól o; s ol ament e

• I am so poor !
I have j ust one dr ess!
Just one dr ess … f or wint er and f or sum m er !
Just one dr ess! Just one!

2. JUST = exact ament e

I k now j ust t en G er m an wor ds.


Not eleven.
And not nine.
Just t en.

3. JUST = j us t o

A j udg e m ust always be j ust . = j uez


He m ust not be t oo lenient . = cl ement e
He m ust not be t oo sever e. = s ever o
He m ust be just .

< < < < < §> > > > >

UNLESS = a menos que, a no s er que

Abel

• I will not put m y r oom in or der , unless Debr a helps m e.


I always g o t o school by bus, unless t her e is a bus st r ik e.
O n Sunday, I ’m g oing t o t he par k t o sk at e, unless it r ains.
===
s t ri ke = huel ga

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UNIT 22 9

- Di d you…?
- Yes, I di d.
- No, I di dn’ t .

Tom and M ar gar et

M arg. - Did you chang e t he dollar s, T om ?


Tom - Yes, I did.
M arg. - W her e did you chang e t hem ?
Tom - At t he bank .
M arg. - And did you buy a f ashion m ag azine f or m e?
Tom - No, I didn’t . I ’m sor r y, dear .
M arg. - But why didn’t you buy m e a f ashion m ag azine?
Tom - Because I didn’t r em em ber .
M arg. - O h. T om !
Did you r em em ber t o post m y let t er ?
Tom - W hat let t er ?
M arg. - T he let t er t o m y sist er Linda.
Tom - No, I didn’t . I ’m sor r y.
M arg. - Did you r em em ber t o buy your cig ar et t es?
Tom - O f cour se I did! - Ha ha ha …
===
t o pos t = echar al cor r eo
< < < < < §> > > > >
DURI NG = dur ant e

Abel

I have a schoolm at e who f alls asleep dur ing t he lessons.


W hen t he t eacher s scold him , he says t hat he is t ir ed
because he cannot sleep dur ing t he nig ht . He says t hat he
sleeps in t he sam e r oom wit h his br ot her , who snor es all nig ht
long .
So, if he cannot sleep dur ing t he nig ht he m ust sleep dur ing
t he day.
===
t o f al l as l eep = dor mi r s e t o s nore = r oncar
t o s col d = r egañar w hol e = ent er o
al l ni ght l ong = dur ant e t oda l a noche

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UNIT 22 10

1. TO ASK = pr egunt ar
t o ask a quest i on = (l i t . pr egunt ar una pr egunt a)
hacer una pr egunt a

TO ANSW ER = cont es t ar
t o gi ve an answ er = dar una r es pues t a

Tom and M ar gar et

M arg. - T om ! Do you love m e?


Tom - W hy do you ask m e t hat q uest ion so of t en?
M arg. - O h- h- h! W hat do you m ean?
Tom - I m ean t hat you ask m e t he sam e q uest ion ever y day.
M arg. - W ell - but - do you love m e? Please answer m e!
Tom - …
M arg. - O h, T om ! W hy don’t you g ive m e an answer ?
Tom - Because I am not sur e.
M arg. - T O M! … O h- h- h! I see … you ar e only m ak ing f un of
m e!
Tom - Ha ha ha ha …

2. TO ASK = pr egunt ar

Mar g ar et asks T om if he loves her .

En es pañol s e di ce: “M ar gar et pr egunt a a Tom s i l a qui er e.”

En i ngl és s e di ce: “M ar gar et pr egunt a Tom s i l a qui er e.”

3. TO ASK FO R = pedi r

Lydia is always aski ng G eor g e f or m oney.

En es pañol s e di ce: “Pedi r di ner o.”


En i ngl és s e di ce: “Pedi r por di ner o.”

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UNIT 22 11

to go on = cont i nuar
G o on! = ¡ Cont i núa!

Teacher and Pupi l

Teacher - W ho discover ed Am er ica? And when?


P upi l - … … …
Teacher - W ell?
P upi l - … Chr is …
Teacher - Yes? G o on!
P upi l - Chr ist opher …
Teacher - Yes? G o on! Chr ist opher - ?
P upi l - Chr ist opher Colum …
Teacher - Yes? G o on!
P upi l - Chr ist opher Colum bus …
Teacher - Yes. But g o on! Finish t he sent ence!
P upi l - Chr ist opher Colum bus discover ed …
Teacher - Yes? G o on! W hat did Chr ist opher Colum bus discover ?
P upi l - I don’t r em em ber .
===
pupi l = al umno
t o di s cover = des cubr i r
Chri s t opher Col um bus = Cr i s t obal Col ón
s ent ence = f r as e

< < < < < §> > > > >

You si l l y boy! = (l i t . ¡ Tú t ont o chi co!) !Qué t ont o er es !


You cl ever gi r l ! = ¡ Qué i nt el i gent e er es !
You l azy boy! = ¡ Qué per ez os o er es !

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UNIT 22 12

to have = haber

present

For ma Af i r mat i va For ma Int er r ogat i va For ma Negat i va

I have Have I? I have not


you have Have you? you have not
he has Has he? he has not

we have Have we? we have not


you have Have you? you have not
t hey have Have t hey? t hey have not

Past

For ma Af i r mat i va For ma Int er r ogat i va For ma Negat i va

I had Di d I have? I di d not have


You had Di d you have? You di d not have
He had Di d he have? He di d not have

We had Di d we have? We di d not have


You had Di d you have? You di d not have
T hey had Di d t hey have? T hey di d not have

O bser va

1. Cuando “have” no s i gni f i ca “pos eer ” l a f or ma i nt er r ogat i va y


l a f or ma negat i va s e f or man con el auxi l i ar “do”.

• - W hat t im e do you have dinner ?


- I don’t have any dinner , I have only br eak f ast and lunch.

2. La f or ma negat i va y l a f or ma i nt er r ogat i va del “pas t s i m pl e”


de “have” s e f or ma s i empr e con “di d”.

• W hen Abel was a lit t le boy he didn’t have m any t oys.

- W hat t im e did you have dinner last nig ht ?


- Did Jam es have a nice evening ?

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UNIT 22 13

My G od! = ¡ Di os mi o!
G ood G od! = ¡ Di os mí o!, ¡ Di os s ant o!
For G od’s sak e! = ¡ Por amor de Di os !
G od know s! = ¡ Sabe Di os !
T hank G od! et c. = ¡ Gr aci as a Di os !

La pal abr a “God” s e us a a menudo par a dar énf as i s a l o que s e di ce.


Se us a t ambi én par a expr es ar s or pr es a, mi edo o exi t aci ón.
Al gunas per s onas cons i der an es t as expr es i ones of ens i vas .

Rober t and M i l l i e

( M i l l i e i s i n her f r ont gar den, l ooki ng af t er her f l ower s . )

Millie - O h, m y G od! Look at t hat f lower bed! Rober t ! Rober t !


Robert - W hy ar e you shout ing ? W hat do you want ?
Millie - Com e her e, t o t he f r ont g ar den!
Robert - W hat is t he m at t er ?
Millie - Look at t hat f lower bed, com plet ely dest r oyed!
Robert - G ood G od! And you m ak e such a f uss j ust f or a
f lower bed?
Millie - But don’t you see t hat all m y beaut if ul t ulips ar e
upr oot ed?
Robert - Sur ely som e dog was playing in t he f lower bed.
Millie - W hose dog ?
Robert - G od k nows. T her e ar e so m any st r ay dog s g oing
ar ound.
Millie - O h Rober t ! W hat can we do? Don’t you t hink t hat we
should f ence t he f r ont g ar den?
Robert - Millie! For G od’s sak e! Relax! Relax!
===
f l ow er bed = ar r i at e
What i s t he m at t er? = ¿Qué pas a?
des t royed = des t r oz ado
t ul i p = t ul i pán
uproot ed = ar r ancado
s urel y = s egur ament e, s i n duda
s t ray dog = per r o cal l ej er o
t o go around = dar vuel t as
t o f ence = cer car
Rel ax! = ¡ Rel áj at e! ¡ Cál mat e!

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UNIT 22 14

heaven = ci el o; par aí s o

La pal abr a “heaven” y el pl ur al “heavens ” s e us an par a expr es ar


s or pr es a o par a dar énf as i s a l o que s e di ce.

Heavens! = ¡ Ci el o!
G ood heavens! = ( L i t . ¡ B u e n o s c i e l o s ! ) ¡ Por Di os !
Heaven k nows ! = ¡ Di os s abe!
For heaven’s sak e! = ¡ Por amor del ci el o!
T hank heaven! = ¡ Gr aci as al ci el o!
T hank heavens! et c.

Tom and M ar gar et

M arg. - I s it st ill r aining ?


Tom - No. T he sun is shining now, t hank heavens!
M arg. - Fant ast ic! So we can g o shopping !
Tom - O h, f or heaven’s sak e! Not shopping ag ain!
M arg. - G ood heavens! W hat is t he m at t er wit h you? I j ust
want ed t o buy som e t oot hpast e and som e sham poo.
Tom - O nly sham poo and t oot hpast e?
M arg. - Yes, of cour se.
Tom - T hank heaven!
< < < < < §> > > > >
once = una vez
tw ice = dos veces
three times = t r es veces
four times et c. = cuat r o veces et c.

G ood st udent s should list en t o each unit not only once or


t wice, but t hr ee t im es, f our t im es… if t hey want t o have a
per f ect pr onunciat ion.
T hey m ust also r ead all t he r ules t hr ee t im es, f our t im es, f ive
t im es, if necessar y, t ill t hey k now t hem all per f ect ly.

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UNIT 22 15

till = has t a

until = has t a
Ti l l t om or r ow! = ¡ Has t a mañana!

“Ti l l ” y “unt i l ” t i enen el mi s mo s i gni f i cado.

Rober t and M i l l i e

Robert - I ’m g oing out now.


Millie - Ver y well, Rober t .
Robert - And I won’t be back unt il m idnig ht .
Millie - Ver y well, Rober t .
Robert - But don’t g o t o bed. W ait f or m e! W ait t ill I com e!
Millie - But why Rober t ? I ’m so t ir ed.
Robert - Because when I com e hom e, I shall want a st eak and
f r ied pot at oes.
Millie - But Rober t ! You had a st eak at eig ht o’clock !
Robert - Fr om eig ht o’clock t ill m idnig ht is a long t im e, and I ’ll
be hung r y ag ain, I ’m sur e.
Millie - But I ’m so sleepy, Rober t !
Robert - You sleep t oo m uch. I t m ak es you silly.
W ell, g oodbye. T ill m idnig ht !
===
w on’ t = wi l l not
t o be back = vol ver , es t ar de vuel t a
I w on’ t be back = no vol ver é

< < < < < §> > > > >

timid = t í mi do
• T im id people have no cour ag e or self - conf idence.
Rabbit s ar e ver y t im id cr eat ur es.

courage = val or
s el f - conf i dence = conf i anz a en s i mi s mo
rabbi t = conej o

shy = r es er vado
• Shy people ar e ner vous and uncom f or t able in t he com pany of
ot her people.

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UNIT 22 16

1. each = cada

• At t he par t y, T om danced wit h each g ir l in t ur n.

2. each = cada uno

each of us = cada uno de nos ot r os


each of you = cada uno de vos ot r os
each of them = cada uno de el l os

• At t he par t y t hey g ave t hem one lar g e piece of cak e each.


En l a f i es t a di er on un gr an t r oz o de t or t a a cada uno.

Tom and M ar gar et

Tom - At t he par t y, Jam es danced only t hr ee t im es - and


each t im e wit h t he sam e g ir l.
M arg. - And what did you do, dear ?
Tom - I danced wit h each g ir l in t ur n. And t her e wer e f if t een
g ir ls at t he par t y.
M arg. - W er e t hey pr et t y g ir ls?
Tom - Yes, t hey wer e. And each of t hem was char m ing .
M arg. - Hm …well, I suppose you had a wonder f ul evening .
Tom - Yes! I t was a splendid par t y! Af t er each dance t hey
of f er ed us cham pag ne.
M arg. - And you accept ed each t im e, I suppose.
Tom - O f cour se! Ha ha ha …

< < < < < §> > > > >

every = cada (con el s ent i do de t odos –as )

Se usa “each” cuando pensamos en las personas o cosas


separadamente, una a la vez.

• T om danced wit h each g ir l in t ur n.

Se usa “every” cuando pensamos en las personas o cosas j unt as , en


un gr upo.

• I n Spain, ever y child is ent it led t o g o t o school t ill t he ag e of 16.


===
i s ent i t l ed = t i ene der echo

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UNIT 22 17

“each” “every”

Con pal abr as como al m os t (cas i ) y near l y (cas i ) s e us a “ever y”.

• Som e people wat ch t elevision alm ost ever y day.

…alm ost each day. ¡ Er r or !

< < < < < §> > > > >

1. very = muy

I lik e f or eig n lang uag es ver y m uch. So when I g r ow up I want


t o becom e an int er pr et er .
I am also ver y int er est ed in com put er s and m at hem at ics, so
m aybe I should st udy t o becom e an eng ineer .
===
m aybe = qui z ás , t al vez
engi neer = i ngeni er o

2. very

A veces , “ver y” s e us a par a dar énf as i s .

• At t he par t y t hey of f er ed cham pag ne, and it was t he ver y best


cham pag ne.

Lydia lik es t o wear t he ver y lat est f ashion clot hes.


===
l at es t = ul t i mí s i ma

3. very

Con l os compar at i vos en l ugar de “ver y“, s e us a “m uch”.

• Abel is m uch t aller t han Debr a.


Abel es mucho más alto que Debra.

Abel ver y t aller t han Debr a. ¡ Er r or !

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UNIT 22 18

everything = cada cos a; t odo

Tom and M ar gar et

M arg. - O h, T om ! I lik e ever yt hing in Spain!


Tom - Ever yt hing ? Absolut ely ever yt hing ?
M arg. - Yes, ever yt hing ! I lik e t he people, t heir ar t , t heir m usic,
t heir lang uag e, t heir beaut if ul dancing , t heir -
Tom - T heir f ood? T heir wine?
M arg. - Yes! I lik e ever yt hing !

< < < < < §> > > > >

quiet = t r anqui l o - t r anqui l i dad

• Mr W ilson is a ver y q uiet m an. He doesn’t lik e noise,


conf usion, loud m usic… He lik es peace and q uiet .

quite = compl et ament e, del t odo / bas t ant e

compl et ament e

• - I f you speak slowly I q uit e under st and you.


- You ar e q uit e r ig ht . I k eep f or g et t ing t hat Eng lish is not your
m ot her t ong ue.
===
m ot her t ongue = l engua mat er na

bas t ant e

• Mar g ar et ’s niece Alice is q uit e pr et t y, and int ellig ent .

Her sist er Linda is q uit e busy all day wit h her house and her
lit t le daug ht er .

war ning No conf undi r l a pr onunci aci ón de “qui et ” y “qui t e”.

quiet kwaiEt

quite kwait

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UNIT 22 19

Pronunciación de -ed regla general

1. La “e” del s uf i j o - ed, del pas t y del pas t par t i ci pl e de l os ver bos
r egul ar es , no s e pr onunci a.

loved lúvd
lived livd
smiled smaild
arrived Eraivd
tried traid

Excepción

2. Cuando - ed s e añade a un ver bo que t er mi na en t o d, l a “e”


s e pr onunci a “i ”.

wanted wØntid ended endid


waited weitid of f ended Efendid
hated heitid needed ni:did
shouted shautid f ounded faundid
started sta:tid added Adid
===
t o f ound = f undar
t o add = añadi r

3. Cuando - ed s e añade a l os ver bos que t er mi nan en ch - k - f -


p - s - s h - x, o s us s oni dos , l a “- ed” s e pr onunci a “t ”.

ch wat ched wØtSt


f snif f ed snift
laug hed la:ft
k look ed lukt
p st opped stØpt
s k issed kist
sh washed wØSt
x m ixed mikst
===
t o s ni f f = ol f at ear , ol er
to mix = mez cl ar

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UNIT 22 20

How Som e Peopl e Change W hen They G r ow Up!

W hen T om and his br ot her Jam es wer e boys of sevent een


and eig ht een, t hey wer e com plet ely dif f er ent .
T om det est ed book s and st udy. Jam es, on t he cont r ar y,
never seem ed t o be happy unless he had a book in his hand.
T om loved f oot ball, but Jam es hat ed all spor t s. T om had
dozens of f r iends. Jam es pr ef er r ed t o spend all his f r ee t im e
alone. He always r ef used t o dr ink alcohol, and he never
sm ok ed.
W hen f r iends invit ed t he t wo boys t o par t ies, T om always
accept ed, but Jam es always r ef used.
But on his eig ht eent h bir t hday he suddenly chang ed.
Af t er t he bir t hday lunch, T om ( who want ed t o t ease his
br ot her ) of f er ed him a beer … and Jam es q uiet ly accept ed it !
T his, of cour se, was a g r eat sur pr ise f or T om .
T hen, in t he af t er noon, when som e f r iends ar r ived, T om
played som e r ecor ds of dance m usic on his st er eo. Jam es
polit ely ask ed one of t he g ir ls if she want ed t o dance. Af t er
t hat he cont inued t o dance all t he af t er noon.
I n t he evening , when his f at her , j ust f or a j ok e, of f er ed
him a g lass of whisk y t o celebr at e his bir t hday, Jam es
accept ed wit h t hank s. W hile he was dr ink ing t he whisk y, his
f at her , m ot her and br ot her wat ched him in ast onishm ent .
A f ew m inut es af t er t hat , Jam es ask ed T om a q uest ion
about f oot ball. But bef or e T om had t im e t o answer , t heir
m ot her ask ed, “ Do you want your evening g lass of m ilk now,
Jam es dear ?”
T her e was a m om ent of silence, t hen Jam es answer ed
q uiet ly, “ No, t hank you, m am a. Milk is f or babies. ”
And af t er t hat day, he lik ed beer and whisk y, played
f oot ball, pr ef er r ed g am es t o st udy, laug hed and t alk ed
nonsense, and did all t he t hing s t hat T om did. Soon, t he t wo
boys ag r eed about ever yt hing .
How som e people chang e when t hey g r ow up!
===
i n as t oni s hm ent = con as ombr o

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UNIT 22 21

M ar gar et and Li nda

Mar g ar et and her sist er Linda ag r ee ver y well. T hey never


q uar r el. T hey ar e ver y g ood f r iends. T hey have t he sam e
ideas, t he sam e t ast es. T hey even dr ess in t he sam e
colour s. And t hey have t he sam e hobbies. For exam ple,
Mar g ar et ( as you k now) collect s post car ds wit h views of
f am ous places…and her sist er collect s post car ds t oo. But
Mar g ar et ’s collect ion is big g er t han her sist er ’s, because f or
t he last t hr ee year s, Mar g ar et has visit ed f or eig n count r ies
dur ing her sum m er holidays. And when Mar g ar et visit s a
f or eig n count r y, she buys dozens of colour ed post car ds as
you all k now.
T hen, as you also k now, Mar g ar et wr it es poet r y, and her
sist er wr it es poet r y t oo. Mar g ar et ’s poet r y is ver y r om ant ic.
She wr it es about bir ds and f lower s, t he sk y and it s st ar s, t he
sea and it s pear ls…and her sist er wr it es about t he sam e
t hing s.
T heir br ot her W illiam also wr it es poet r y, but his st yle is
ver y m oder n. Flower s and st ar s don’t int er est him at all. His
ideas ar e absolut ely dif f er ent .
T he ot her day Mar g ar et r eceived a let t er f r om her br ot her .
T he let t er cont ained his t hr ee lat est pieces of poet r y. T he
t it les wer e, “ T he Song of t he Ang r y Par r ot ” , “ T he Boxer ’s
Bir t hday” and “ I Never Ref use a G lass of Beer ” . T om lik es all
t he t hr ee pieces, but he pr ef er s t he t hir d one. “ Your br ot her
m ust be a ver y clever boy, Mar g ar et , ” he says - “ I lik e his
poet r y ver y m uch. His ideas ar e r eally m oder n. ” But Mar g ar et
look s at him in sur pr ise. “ W hat ar e you t alk ing about , T om ?
she says, “ T hat isn’t poet r y. I t ’s r ubbish! ”
===
has vi s i t ed = ha vi s i t ado
a pi ece of poet ry = (l i t . un t r oz o de poes í a) una poes í a
i n s urpri s e = (l i t . en s or pr es a) con s or pr es a
rubbi s h = t ont er í as

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UNIT 22 22

Tr ansl at i on
1. Traduce oralmente.
2. Copia toda la página.

1. - W hen childr en g r ow up t hey of t en chang e.


2. T om ’s cousin Mar y, f or exam ple.
3. W hen she was a child she was q uit e pr et t y.
4. But now she is t he ug liest wom an t hat I k now.
5. I t is st r ang e t o t hink t hat she is t he sam e per son.
6. - I ’m sur e t hat you ar e exag g er at ing .
7. - O h no, I ’m not . Mar y is a ver y sweet g ir l…
8. …but she cer t ainly isn’t pr et t y.

9. - W hat did you do dur ing t he holidays?


10. Did you st ay at hom e?
11. Did you wor k in your g ar den?
12. Did you q uar r el wit h your wif e?
13. - G ood heavens! No! W e never q uar r el!
14. W e have t he sam e ideas. T he sam e t ast es.
15. W e spend all our f r ee t im e t og et her .
16. W e g o t o par t ies and t o nig ht clubs.
17. W e dr ink oceans of cham pag ne.
18. And we m ak e f un of all t he people r ound us.

19. - Rober t is an im possible m an. So r ude! So im pat ient !


20. He is t he wor st husband t hat I k now.
21. - Rubbish! Many husbands ar e wor se t han Rober t .
22. I f he g oes out in t he evening , he is always back at
m idnig ht .
23. And not even a saint can be pat ient wit h Millie.

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UNIT 22 23

Tr ansl at i on

1. - Cuando los niños cr ecen a m enudo cam bian.


2. La pr im a de T om , Mar y, por ej em plo.
3. Cuando er a una niña ella er a bast ant e bonit a.
4. Per o ahor a es la m uj er m ás f ea q ue yo conozco.
5. Es ext r año pensar q ue ella sea la m ism a per sona.
6. - Est oy seg ur o q ue t ú est ás exag er ando.
7. - O h no. Mar y es una chica m uy dulce.
8. …per o cier t am ent e no es bonit a.

9. - ¿Q ué hicist e dur ant e las vacaciones?


10. ¿T e q uedast e en casa?
11. ¿T r abaj ast e en t u j ar dí n?
12. ¿T e peleast e con t u m uj er ?
13. - ¡Sant o cielo! ¡No! ¡Nosot r os no nos peleam os nunca!
14. Nosot r os t enem os las m ism a ideas. Los m ism os g ust os.
15. Nosot r os pasam os t odo nuest r o t iem po libr e j unt os.
16. Nosot r os vam os a f iest as y nig ht clubs.
17. Nosot r os bebem os oceanos de cham pag ne.
18. Y nosost r os nos bur lam os de t odas las per sonas a nuest r o
alr ededor .

19. - Rober t es un hom br e im posible. ¡T an g r oser o! ¡T an


im pacient e!
20. Él es el peor m ar ido q ue yo conozca.
21. - ¡T ont er ías! Muchos m ar idos son peor es q ue Rober t .
22. Si él sale por la t ar de, él est á siem pr e de r eg r eso a
m edianoche.
23. Y ni siq uier a un sant o puede ser pacient e con Millie.

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UNIT 22 24

Exer ci ses

1. Cont est a a las pr egunt as siguient es:

At ención!

Cuando en l a pr egunt a hay “di d”, en l a cont es t aci ón s e debe poner el


ver bo en “pas t ”.

1. W hen do you st udy Eng lish - in t he m or ning , in t he af t er noon


or in t he evening ?
2. How m any t im es do you r ead t he r ules in t he G r am m ar Book ?
3. Many people chang e when t hey g r ow up. Did you?
4. W hen you wer e a child, what did you want t o be… a doct or , a
wr it er , a dancer , a sing er , a pianist , a pr of essional
f oot baller … or what ?
5. W hich is easier f or you - t o speak Eng lish or t o under st and
Eng lish people when t hey speak ?
6. W hen T om and Jam es wer e young boys t hey lik ed dif f er ent
t hing s. W hat t hing s did t hey lik e?
7. W hen T om played t ennis or f oot ball, what did Jam es do?
8. W it h how m any g ir ls did Jam es dance at t he par t y?
9. How m any t im es did he dance?
10. W hen did Jam es ask f or a g lass of cold m ilk ?
11. W hat does Rober t lik e t o have f or his dinner ?
12. Accor ding t o Rober t why shouldn’t Millie sleep so m uch?
13. Mar g ar et and her sist er ag r ee ver y well. T hey have t he sam e
ideas about m any t hing s. W hat t hing s?
14. W hat q uest ion does Mar g ar et ask T om ever y day?
15. O ne day while Millie was in t he f r ont g ar den she beg an
( empez ó) t o shout . W hy?
16. W ho upr oot ed Millie’s t ulips?
17. W hat does Millie want t o do t o pr ot ect her g ar den?
18. Descr ibe a t im id per son.
19. Descr ibe a shy per son.
20. T ill what ag e ar e Spanish childr en ent it led t o g o t o school?

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UNIT 22 25

Vocabul ar y

to add tu Ad añadir
astonishment EstØniSmEnt asombro
to behave tu biheiv comportarse
certainly sE:tEnli ciertamente
to change tu tSeindZ cambiar
Christopher kristEfE Cristobal
Columbus kElúmbEs Colón
company kúmpEni compañia
courage kúridZ valor
to destroy tu distroi destrozar
to discover tu diskúvE descubrir
engineer endZiniE ingeniero
enormous inØ:mEs enorme
to fence tu fens cercar
to found tu faund fundar
to go on tu gou Øn continuar
Go on! gou Øn ¡ Continúa!
to grow up tu grou úp crecer
heaven hevn paraíso; cielo
to imagine tu imAdZin imaginar
to last tu la:st durar
lazy leizi perezoso
maybe meibi: quizás
to mix tu miks mezclar
mountain mauntin montaña
mouth mau† boca
ocean ouSEn océano
painter peintE pintor
perfect pE:fikt perfecto
to post tu poust echar al correo
question kwestSEn pregunta
( t urn over)
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UNIT 22 26

Vocabul ar y

quiet kwaiEt tranquilo / traquilidad


quite kwait compl et ament e; del t odo; bas t ant e
rabbit rAbit conejo
to reach tu ri:tS alcanzar
to refuse tu rifju:z rehusar
Relax! rilAks ¡ Relájate! ¡ Cálmate!
river rivE río
root ru:t raíz
to scold tu skould regañar
sensitive sensitiv sensible
sentence sentEns frase
serious siEriEs serio
to shout tu Saut gritar
silence sailEns silencio
to sniff tu snif olfatear; oler
to snore tu snØ: / snØE roncar
to stay tu stei quedarse
stray dog strei dØg perro callejero
strike straik huelga
suddenly súdnli de repente, de pronto
surely SuEli ciertamente
Sw itzerland switsElEnd Suiza
terribly terEbli terriblemente
tongue túN lengua
tulip tju:lip tulipán
type taip tipo
unless únles a menos que, a no ser que
to uproot tu úpru:t arrancar
uprooted úpru:tid arrancado
w edding wediN boda, casamiento

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