Fenton Process

2nd eureca 2014 – Removal of Antibiotics from Synthetic Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Removal of Antibiotics from Synthetic Wastewater by

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Mohamad Farid bin Che Wil1*, Rajesh Nithyanandam1
1
School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Malaysia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Abstract—In this study, Fenton’s Reagents process was used for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes sample was taken for COD, BOD, and
the treatment of water containing Amoxicillin antibiotics of 100 TSS test. Similar procedure was repeated for 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.35M,
mg/L concentration. The molar concentration (0.1M, 0.2M, and 0.4M of molar concentration of Fenton’s reagent.
0.3M, 0.35M, and 0.4M) of Fenton’s reagents was varied with
different ratio of ferrous sulphate to hydrogen peroxide. COD 2.3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Test
and BOD reduction after treatment were calculated and COD reagent such as sulfuric acid reagent, standard ferrous
optimum ratio was determined. Total Suspended Solid (TSS) ammonium sulfate titrant (FAS) (0.10M), potassium dichromate
formed after treatment was also measured. digestion solution (0.01667M), and ferroin indicator solution was
Keywords— Amoxicillin antibiotics, Fenton’s reagent, Advanced prepared. The 1.5ml sample mixed with 3.5ml sulfuric acid reagent
Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and 1.5ml potassium dichromate was heated for 2 hours at 150℃.
The heated mixture then was cooled at room temperature and mixed
1. Introduction with 2 drops ferroin indicator and titrate with 0.10M until color
One of pharmaceutical compound namely antibiotics have been change from blue-green to reddish brown. Blank sample also was
detected in worldwide in environmental matrices (e.g. water and prepared in same manner as sample. Below is the equation to
wastewater) and their presence on ecosystem has been known for 30 calculate the COD value:
years[1]. The presence of the antibiotics in environment is at low
(
level, but with continuous input of this compound may lead potential ( ) (1)
( )
risk to the aquatic and terrestrial organism[2]. Hence, antibiotics
have emerged as one of pollutant to the environment. Common ( )
antibiotics (with their concentration) found in wastewater are ( ) (2)
Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole (0.02–0.58 (μg/L), fluoroquinolones:
ofloxacin (6–52 ng/L), ciprofloxacin (6–60 ng/L) bacteriostatic: Where A = FAS for blank
trimethoprim (0.11–0.37 μg/L) Penicillin group: penicillin G (0.025 B = FAS for sample
μg/L)[2]. M = FAS molarity
The using of antibiotics is to sustain health condition of 8000 = miliequivalent weight of oxygen x 1000 mL/L
living organism such as human, animal and plant. The consumed
antibiotics by organisms are excreted through urine or feces and sent 2.4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
to the sewage or manure[3]. This is one of route how antibiotics can
BOD reagent (iodine azide solution, starch indicator, standard
emerge on the environment. Besides that, antibiotics are also can be
sodium thiosulfate titrant, manganous sulfate solution and dilution
found in different environmental compartment such as hospital
water) was prepared. 2 BOD 300 ml bottle was prepared. 1.5ml
effluent resulted from heavy used from human and veterinary
sample is diluted with dilution water inside each BOD bottles. One
medicine[4]. The emerging antibiotics in environment cause the
bottle is labelled with day-0 and another bottle with day-5. The day-0
formation of resistant microorganisms that causing problem to public
bottle was mixed with 1ml of manganous sulfate, 1ml iodine azide
health and also result to imbalance microbial ecosystem. Antibiotics
and 1ml concentrated sulfuric acid. 200 mL was taken from day-0
could produce toxic effect that affects microbial community and
bottle for titration with sodium thiosulfates solution till colourless.
other living organism in environment.
The day-5 bottle was wrapped with aluminum foil and incubates at
The objective of this study is to investigate removal of the
20℃ for 5 days. After 5 days titration was done as day-0 bottle.
antibiotics from synthetic wastewater by degrade it using Fenton’s
Below is the equation to calculate BOD value.
reagent process. The degradation is measured in term of COD and
BOD reduction after the treatment at different molar concentration of
Fenton’s reagent. ( ) (3)
2. Methodology Where = DO diluted sample for day-0 bottle (mg/L)

= DO diluted sample for day-5 bottle (mg/L)
2.1 Preparation of Synthetic Wastewater P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used
This synthetic wastewater contains amoxicillin antibiotics at 100 Note: 1 ml sodium thiosulfates = 1 mg DO/L
mg/L concentration. Amoxicillin antibiotics was obtained from
Poliklinik Cahaya, Selangor is dissolved in distilled water and stored 2.5 Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
at 4℃. Weight of a filter paper was measured. By using the filter paper,
sample was filtered to obtain the suspended solid. The filtrate was
2.2 Fenton’s Reagent Experiment dried together with the filter paper in oven at 103 to 105℃ for 1 hour.
500 mL of synthetic wastewater was poured into 4 500mL beaker. After 1 hour the weight dried filter paper was measured again. The
The pH of this synthetic wastewater was adjusted to pH between 2 -3 increased value of the weight corresponding to value of total
by adding several drops of 30% of sulfuric acid for optimum suspended solid. Below is the equation used to measure the TSS
Fenton’s reaction[5]. Fenton’s reagent molar concentration of 0.1M value.
with different ratio (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:10) of ferrous sulphate to
hydrogen peroxide was added for each beaker and stir with stirrer for ( )
( ) (4)
2nd eureca 2014 – Removal of Antibiotics from Synthetic Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Where A = weight of filter + dried residue, mg References
B = weight of filter, mg
V = volume of sample, mL
[1] V. Homem and L. Santos, “Degradation and removal methods of
antibiotics from aqueous matrices--a review.,” J. Environ. Manage.,
vol. 92, no. 10, pp. 2304–47, Oct. 2011.
3. Result and Discussion
3.1 COD Reduction at Different Ratio of Fe2+/H2O2. [2] M. Klavarioti, D. Mantzavinos, and D. Kassinos, “Removal of
Value of COD of the synthetic wastewater before the treatment was residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced
125.33 mg/L. After treatment with 0.1M and 0.2M of Fenton’s oxidation processes.,” Environ. Int., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 402–17, Mar.
2009.
reagent COD value of the synthetic wastewater was reduced to
certain value. Treatment was done for 30 minutes and foam was
produced during the reaction and the color of water also was changed [3] M. O. Uslu and I. A. Balcioğlu, “Comparison of the ozonation and
to reddish color. Figure 1 below shows reduction of COD after Fenton process performances for the treatment of antibiotic
containing manure.,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 407, no. 11, pp.
treated with 0.1M and 0.2M of Fenton’s reagent. 3450–8, May 2009.
[4] B. Huerta, E. Marti, M. Gros, P. López, M. Pompêo, J. Armengol,

D. Barceló, J. L. Balcázar, S. Rodríguez-Mozaz, and R. Marcé,
“Exploring the links between antibiotic occurrence, antibiotic
resistance, and bacterial communities in water supply reservoirs.,”
Sci. Total Environ., vol. 456–457, pp. 161–70, Jul. 2013.
[5] E. S. Elmolla and M. Chaudhuri, “Degradation of the antibiotics

amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in aqueous solution by the
photo-Fenton process.,” J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 172, no. 2–3, pp.
1476–81, Dec. 2009.
[6] E. Elmolla and M. Chaudhuri, “Optimization of Fenton process for

treatment of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin antibiotics in
aqueous solution.,” J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 170, no. 2–3, pp. 666–
72, Oct. 2009.
Figure 1 COD Reduction at Different Ratio of Ferrous Sulphate to Hydrogen [7] R. Nithyanandam and R. Saravanane, “Treatment of Pharmaceutical
Peroxide of Different Concentration of Fenton's Reagent Sludge by Fenton Oxidation Process,” Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl., vol.
4, no. 6, pp. 359–364, 2013.
For 0.1M of Fenton’s reagent, the COD reduction is increased as the
ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 decreases. However, further decreasing of
Fe2+/H2O2 will not increase the reduction of COD due to higher
concentration of Fe2+ that will directly react with hydroxyl radical[6].
The maximum COD reduction at 0.1M is occurred at 1/10 ratio of
Fe2+/H2O2. The value of COD at this ratio is 27.00 mg/L and the
reduction was 78%.
At 0.2M of Fenton’s reagent, the COD reduction is showed similar

behavior as at 0.1M where, the COD reduction is increased as the
ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 decreases. However, the COD reduction at 0.2M is
higher than COD reduction at 0.1M. Other study also shows that, the
COD reduction is increased as the concentration of Fenton’s reagent
increase[7]. The maximum COD reduction was occurred at 1/10
where the COD value is 26.50 mg/L and percentage of reduction is
79%. From literature review the COD reduction will be increased as
the Fenton’s reagent concentration increased[7].
4. Conclusion
From this study, the COD reduction is increase as the ratio of
Fe2+/H2O2 decreases. However as reported in other study, further
decreasing of Fe2+/H2O2 will not increase the COD reduction due to
higher concentration of Fe2+.
This study also shows that, as the concentration of Fenton’s reagent

increase, the COD reduction also increases. This behavior also was
reported in other study. Maximum of COD reduction for 0.1M
occurred at 1/10 at the percentage of 78%. At 0.2M the maximum
COD reduction also occurred at 1/10 at the percentage of 79%. This
study result only up to 0.2M. However, result for 0.3M, 0.35M, 0.4M
will be done.

Fenton Process

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fenton Process

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fenton Process

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2nd eureca 2014 – Removal of Antibiotics from Synthetic Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

Removal of Antibiotics from Synthetic Wastewater by

2. Methodology Where = DO diluted sample for day-0 bottle (mg/L)

[4] B. Huerta, E. Marti, M. Gros, P. López, M. Pompêo, J. Armengol,

[5] E. S. Elmolla and M. Chaudhuri, “Degradation of the antibiotics

[6] E. Elmolla and M. Chaudhuri, “Optimization of Fenton process for

At 0.2M of Fenton’s reagent, the COD reduction is showed similar

This study also shows that, as the concentration of Fenton’s reagent

You might also like