Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 84 views

    Computer Architecture PDF

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Mehroz Badshah
    This document introduces computer architecture. It discusses the five classic components of a computer including the processor, cache, memory bus, main memory, and I/O components. It describes computer architecture as the coordination of levels of abstraction between hardware and software. It also discusses different levels of representation from high-level languages to machine language and control signal specification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Computer Architecture PDF

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Mehroz Badshah
    84 views18 pages
    This document introduces computer architecture. It discusses the five classic components of a computer including the processor, cache, memory bus, main memory, and I/O components. It describes computer architecture as the coordination of levels of abstraction between hardware and software. It also discusses different levels of representation from high-level languages to machine language and control signal specification.

    Original Title

    Computer Architecture.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document introduces computer architecture. It discusses the five classic components of a computer including the processor, cache, memory bus, main memory, and I/O components. It describes computer architecture as the coordination of levels of abstraction between hardware and software. It also discusses different levels of representation from high-level languages to machine language and control signal specification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views18 pages

    Computer Architecture PDF

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Mehroz Badshah
    This document introduces computer architecture. It discusses the five classic components of a computer including the processor, cache, memory bus, main memory, and I/O components. It describes computer architecture as the coordination of levels of abstraction between hardware and software. It also discusses different levels of representation from high-level languages to machine language and control signal specification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    CENG 311

    Computer Architecture

    Lecture 1

    Introduction to Computer
    Architecture
    Asst. Prof. Tolga Ayav, Ph.D.

    Department of Computer Engineering


    İzmir Institute of Technology
    Computer Design
    Computer Hardware Design
    Instruction Set Design
    ° Machine Language ° Machine Implementation\
    ° Compiler View
    ° Logic Designer's View
    ° "Computer Architecture"
    ° "Instruction Set Processor" ° "Processor Architecture"

    ° "Computer Organization"
    "Building Architect"

    “Construction Engineer”
    Few people design computers! Very few design instruction sets!
    Many people design computer components.
    Very many people are concerned with computer function, in detail.

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    The Big Picture
    z What is inside a computer?
    z How does it execute my program?

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    The Big Picture
    • The Five Classic
    Components of a
    Computer

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    System Organization
    Processor interrupts

    Cache

    Memory Bus I/O Bridge


    Core Chip Set

    I/O Bus
    Main
    Memory
    Disk Graphics Network
    Controller Controller Interface

    Disk Disk Graphics Network

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    What is Computer
    Architecture?
    • Coordination of levels of abstraction

    Application
    Operating
    Software
    System
    Interface Between
    Compiler Firmware HW and SW
    Instruction
    CPU Memory I/O system Set
    Digital Design Architecture,
    Memory, I/O
    Circuit Design
    Hardware

    • Under a set of rapidly changing Forces

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Levels of Representation
    temp = v[k];
    High Level Language
    Program v[k] = v[k+1];
    v[k+1] = temp;
    Compiler
    lw $15, 0($2)
    Assembly Language
    Program lw $16, 4($2)
    sw $16, 0($2)
    Assembler
    sw $15, 4($2)
    Machine Language 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000
    1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110
    Program 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001
    0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111
    Rd Rt

    Machine Interpretation RegDst Mux


    Rs
    Don’t Care
    (Rt) ALUctr
    RegWr 5 5 5 MemtoReg
    busA
    Control Signal busW
    Rw Ra Rb
    32 32-bit
    32

    ALU
    32 Registers
    Specification 32

    Mux
    Clk busB
    MemWr 32
    32

    Mux
    WrEn Adr

    Extender
    Data In
    imm16 32 32
    Data
    16 Memory
    Clk
    ALUSrc

    ExtOp

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Compiler-
    Assembler

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Translation hierarchy for C

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Basic Elements

    Functional Levels:
    •◙ Application Layer
    •◙ System Software

    •◙ Hardware Layer

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    MIPS Assembly

    z move $t0, $t1


    z add $t0, $zero, $t1
    z sll $t1, $a1, 2 (reg $t1=k*4)
    z lw $t0=4($t1) (reg $t0=v[k+1])
    z ...

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    EPROM as a Programmable Logic
    Device
    • ROMs are required for applications in
    which large amount of information needs
    to be stored in a nonvolatile manner.
    (Storage for microprocessor programs,
    fixed table of data, etc.) Another
    common application of the ROM is for the
    systematic realization of complex
    combinational circuits.

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    FPGA Design

    A field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor


    device containing programmable logic components
    called "logic blocks", and programmable
    interconnects. Logic blocks can be programmed to
    perform the function of basic logic gates such as
    AND, and XOR, or more complex combinational
    functions such as decoders or simple mathematical
    functions. In most FPGAs, the logic blocks also
    include memory elements, which may be simple flip-
    flops or more complete blocks of memory.

    A classic FPGA logic block


    consists of a 4-input lookup
    table (LUT), and a flip-flop:

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Soft Processors

    A soft microprocessor (also called softcore microprocessor or a soft processor) is a


    microprocessor core that can be wholly implemented using logic synthesis. It can be
    implemented via different semiconductor devices containing programmable logic
    (e.g., FPGA, CPLD).
    Notable soft microprocessors include:
    MicroBlaze
    Nios II

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    μPabs

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Implementation in VHDL

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Running the CPU

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture


    Pipelining

    İzmir Institute of Technology Computer Architecture

    You might also like