International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2015 1211

ISSN 2229-5518

Use of CRDi/MPFi Technology in Automobiles

Vikrant Dev Rathore

Abstract— The use of CRDi and MPFi is becoming more and more significant in the automotive industry. Gone are the days when
vehicles used to be only mechanical machines. CRDi (Common Rail Direct Injection) and MPFi (Multipoint fuel Injection) are intelligent
ways of controlling the diesel and petrol engines respectively with the help of modern computer systems. CRDi and MPfi help to improve
the power, performance and reduce harmful emissions from a car engine. Non CRDi/MPFi engines are sluggish, noisy and poor in
performance as compared to CRDi/MPFi engines.

Keywords— Automobile,Carburerator, CRDi, ECU, Engine, Microprocessor, MPFi,Vehicle

——————————  ——————————

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 CRDi
C RDi or Common Rail Direct Injection is used in diesel
engines for better performance and efficiency.The con-
SL
1
Acronym
CDi
Company
Mercedes Benz
cept of Common Rail Injection first began in Japan in the
2 CRDi Hyundai
mid 1990’s under the Denso Corp.After extensive research
by the FIAT group, the final design was acquired by the 3 D BMW & Volvo
german group Bosch for mass production. 4 JTD Fiat

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In CRDi, the fuel system components are more intelligent 5 CR-4 Tata
which are controlled electrically. The traditional injectors 6 DCi Renault
are replaced with advanced electrically operated solenoid
injectors. Injectors are opened with an ECU (Engine control 7 VCDi Chevrolet
unit) signal depending upon the variables such as engine
speed, load, engine temperature etc. 8 TDi Volkswagen

Combustion in CRDi commences directly in the main 9 TDCi Ford

combustion chamber located at the top of the pistol 10 i-DTEC/VTEC Honda
crown.A fuel distribution pipe is used to maintain opti-
mum residual fuel and acts as a fuel reservoir for all the 11 D-4D Toyota
injectors.The fuel is constantly supplied at the required
pressure for injection. High pressure fuel is stored usually
in this tube which then supplies it to the solenoid valve
injectors as opposed to fuel injection pump supplying die-
sel through independent fuel lines to injectors.

Pressure generation takes place in the high-pressure

pump. The pump compresses the fuel at the pressures at
about 1,000 bar or about 15,000 psi. It then supplies the fuel
via a high-pressure pipe to the inlet of the rail. From there,
the fuel is distributed to the individual injectors, which
inject it into the cylinder’s combustion chamber.Most die-
sel engines use Common Rail with Unit-Injector system
combined with a Turbocharger to achieve increased power
output and meet stringent emission norms. This helps to
improve engine power, throttle response, fuel efficiency
and control emissions. Manufacturers use custom acro-
nyms to make their diesel CRDi product.
———————————————— Courtesy: Bosch
• Vikrant Dev Rathore is currently pursuing undergraduate degree pro-
gram in mechanical engineering in Panjab University, Chandigarh, In-
dia.Email: [email protected]

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ISSN 2229-5518

2 ADVANTAGES
1.2 MPFi
MPFi or Multipoint Fuel Injection can be considered as the
analog of CDRi in petrol engines. It is different from CRDi • Increased Fuel Economy:
in the sense of the amount of pressure used and the fact CRDi and MPFi engines efficiently manage fuel con-
sumption according to the need of the vehicle.There is
that it’s used for petrol (gasoline engines.)
high output even at low rpm.
Before MPFi system was invented, Carburerators (purely
• Reduced Noise:
mechanical engines) were used. A carburerator consisted
The engine does not produce any sound unlike the car-
of a single chamber in which petrol and air were mixed in a
burerators as there are reduced vibrations which lead
fixed ratio and then sent to cylinders for combustion to
to the engine running smoothly.
produce power. This system is purely a mechanical ma-
chine with little or no intelligence. It was not very efficient
• Less pollution:
in burning petrol; it would often burn more petrol than
Efficient combustion of the fuel leads to reduced
needed at times and would cause alot of pollution.
smoke, particulates and exhaust which ensures less
MPFi emerged as an excellent way to replace the carburera- pollution in comaprision to purely mechanical engines
(carburerators).
tor. In MPFi system, each cylinder has one injector (which
makes it multi-point). Each of these Injectors are controlled
by a small micro-processor, which keeps telling each Injec-
tor about how much petrol and at what time it needs to 3 DISADVANTAGES

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inject near the cylinder so that only the required amount of
petrol goes into the cylinder at the right moment. • Increased Cost:
The cost of CRDi and MPFi technology is more as
The micro-processor has a number of sensors to keep track compared to carburerators due to the high pressure
of the temperature of the Engine, the Speed of the Engine, pumps used and the engine Control Unit (ECU)
the load on the Engine, the current state of the engine,the
amount of oxygen coming out of exhaust pipes or the
amount of air pressure near the cylinders.Based on these • Cannot be used in carburerators:
observations the MPFi system decides how much fuel This technology cannot be applied to purely mechani-
should be injected i.e the amount of petrol that should go cal engines i.e carburerators.
in to make the vehicle fuel efficient.

This technology consists of the following parts: • Spare parts and maintenance:
1. Injectors Spare parts and maintenance is more expensive than
2. Fuel Rail purely mechanical engines (carburerators) due to the
3. Fuel pump technology used in CRDi and MPFi.
4. Fuel Pressure Censor
5. ECU
6. Sensors
7. Fuel pressure regulator 4 CONCLUSION
Although CRDi and MPFi technology are more expensive
than purely mechanical engines,they are better in terms of
fuel efficiency, offer a better driving experience to the user
and are also environment friendly in comparsion to carbu-
rerators as they cause less pollution.

REFERENCES
[1] Richard Stone, Introduction to Internal Combustion
Engines 3rd edition. Publisher: Society of Automotive
Engineers 1999.

[2] Adavantage of CRDi Engines retrevied from

http://3.imimg.com/ata3/RQ/FT/MY-4474030/crdi-
engines.pdf

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2015 1213
ISSN 2229-5518
[3] CRDi engines retrevied from
http://www.slideshare.net/asertseminar/crdi

[4] KB Siddegowda,Performance and Emission character-

istics of MPFi retrevied from
http://www.desenvolvimento.gov.br/arquivos/dwnl_13
99905292.pdf

[5] Ujjwal K Saha ,Department of Mechanical Engineering

IIT Guwahati ,Internal Combustion Engines retrevied from
http://www.iitg.ernet.in/scifac/qip/public_html/cd_cell/cha
pters/uk_saha_internal_combustion_engine/qip-ice-13-
electronic%20injection%20systems.pdf

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