Religious Beliefs and Practices: Ritual

Religious Beliefs and Practices
Spiritual Self
-is one of the four constituents of the self
William James- Principles of Pschology in 1980 defines spiritual self as:
-the most intimate,inner subjective part of self
-most intimate version of self because of the satisfaction experienced when thinking of one’s
ability to argue and discriminate,ofone’s moral sensibility and conscience and our
unconquerable will is purer than all other sentiments of satisfaction.
Religion:
Rebecca Stein (Stein 2011) defined Religion as:
-set of cultural beliefs and practices that usually includes some or all of basic characteristics:
These Characteristic are:
1.A belief in anthropomorphic supernatural being such as spirit and gods
2.A focus on the sacred supernatural,where sacred refers to a feeling of reverence and two
3.The presence of supernatural power or energy that is found
on supernatural beings a well as physical beings and objects
4.The performance of ritual activities that involves the manipulation of sacred object to
communicate to supernatural beings and and/or to influence or cintrl events
5.The articulation of worldview and morak codes through narratives and other means
6.Provide the creation and maintenance of social bonds and mechanism of social control within
a community;provide explanation for unknown and a sense of control for individuals.
Ritual
Penner (Britannica 2017)
Ritual-is the performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or sacred law
Three Fundamental Characteristics of Ritual
1. A feeling or emotion of respect,awe,fascination,or dread in relation to the sacred
2. Dependence upon a belief system that is usually expressed in the language of myth
3. Is symbolic in relation to its reference
Buddhism
-believes that life is not a bed of roses,there are suffering,pain,and frustrations.
-when people suffer they want to experience goodness of life and avoiddisappoinment and it
become a habit called the reactive cycle
-acquiring wisdom is by studying DHARMA
INSERT PICTURE OF Dharma wheel
2 types of Meditation Process
Samantha-is practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving kindness(Metta
Bhavana
Vipasana-practices aim at developing insight into reality
Major Buddhist Celebration
Parinivana Day in February Padmasambhava Day in october
Buddha Day(Wesak) in May Sangha Day in November
Dharma Day in July
Christianity
-believes in Tribitarian God,one God in three personas:God the Father(Creator),God he
Son(Savior),and God the Holy Spirit(Sustainer)
-believes in eternal life after death will be achieved through faith in Jesus Christ
-sacrament of Baptism and Communion are practiced by Christian churches
Sacrament of Baptism-symbolizes the birth in Christian World
Sacrament of Communion-is an act of remembrance of Jesus Christ’s sacrificial love
Bible-is a selection of books which is divided into two,the Old Testament and New Testament
Major Celebration in Christianity

Resurrection(Easter)-depends on the lunar calendar,sometime in March or April
Christmas Day in Dec 25
Hinduism
-believes that existence is a cycle of birth,death and rebirth,governed by Karma
Karma-is a concept where the reincarnated lif will depend on how the past life was spent
Vedas-are sacred scriptures of Hindus
Mahabharata and Ramayana are two other important texts of the Hindus
Major Celebration of Hinduism

Diwali-the Festival of Light
Navrati-The festival of nine nights,which celebrates the triumph of good over evil
Islam
-believes in Allah,who is their “One God”
-believes in the unity and universality of God
-has a strong sense of community or “ummah” and an awareness of their solidarity
-Islam means “willing submission to God”
Mohammad-the last and final prophet sne by God
-he was born in Mecca in 570 CE,he receives revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel
over 23 years
Quran-the holy book of Islam
The 5 Pillars of Islam
1.Shahadah-statement of faith:”There is no God but one true God and Mohammed is his
messenger
2.Salat-the prayer that is practiced five times a day
3.Zekat-the monetary offering for the benefit of the ppor.It comprises the 2.5% of a Muslim’s
assets
4.Hajj-the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca.Muslims who can afford are asked to do the pilgrimage at
least once in their lifetime.
5.Sawm-the fasting.Muslim do fasting from food,drink,and sexual act during the celebration of
Ramadan.
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Major Celebration of Islam
Eidul-Fitr-is the celebration at the end of Ramadan
Eidul-Adha-is celebrated within the completion of the Pilgrimage,the Hajj
Judaism
-believes in the God of Abraham
-believes in the coming of Messiah,the Savior
Torah or The Law-sacred scripture of the Jews
Major Celebration of Jews
1.Rosh Hashanah-the New Year
2.Yom Kippur-the Day of Atonement
3.Pesach-Passover
4.Shavout-Pentecost
5.Sukkot-Tabernacles,Jewish Sabbath begins on Friday evening at sunset and is an important
time when families gather for the Shabbat meal.

Religious Beliefs and Practices: Ritual

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Religious Beliefs and Practices

Major Celebration in Christianity

Major Celebration of Hinduism

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar.

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