Mass Production of Bovine Serum Albumin

Volume 4, Issue 8, August – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Mass Production of Bovine Serum Albumin

Tha Zin Hlaing
Associate Professor
Department of Zoology
University of Yangon
Abstract:- Bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) extracted antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
from the whole blood of cows and oxen from slaughter (ELISA). This is a biochemical technique used mainly in
house in Thanlyin Township, Yangon Division during immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an
the study period from July 2004 to November 2007. Its antigen in a sample.It is a useful and reliable method for
lyophilized powder was prepared and their yield, purity clinical and experimental monitoring of patients with
and potency were tested. Polyacrylamide gel autoantibody related disease [3].
electrophoresis (PAGE) demonstrated the comparable
purity of 10 % locally prepared BSA solution and The objectives of this study are;
imported BSA. Overall results in Enzyme- Linked  To determine the amount of bovine serum albumin
Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) showed that optical produced from bovine blood
density (OD) values, for IgG and IgM (anticardiolipin)  To determine the purity of bovine serum albumin by
in normal and patient sera, were observed to be lower polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
when local BSA was used compared to purchase  To determine the potency of local bovine serum
commercial BSA. albumin by the measurement of anticardiolipin
antibodies by ELISA
Keywords:- Bovine Serum Albumin, Lyophilized Powder,
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Enzyme- Linked II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Immuno Sorbent Assay,
A. Study site and study period
I. INTRODUCTION The present work was conducted in Pathology
Research Division, Department of Medical Research
Albumin is generally regarded to mean serum (Lower Myanmar). Plate(1). The study period was from
albumin or plasma albumin. Albumin is used to describe a July 2004 to November 2007.
protein or a group of protein defined by solubility in water.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in the circulatory B. Collection of blood sample
system and contributes 80% to colloid osmotic blood Samples were collected from 42 cows and oxen from
pressure [ 1] . slaughter house in Thanlyin Township, Yangon
Division.From each cow or ox 10ml of venous blood was
Albumin is the most abundant and fairly homogenous collected in a sterile test tube.
protein of plasma. Approximately half of the total proteins
of plasma is albumin. Albumin exerts low viscosity. It C. Albumin preparation from blood sample
contributes 70 to 80 % of osmotic pressure and plays an The serum was separated from whole blood by
important role in exchange of water between tissue fluid centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes (Plate 2 ). In
and blood[2]. Serum albumin is one of the most widely another test tube 0.3 ml serum was mixed with 4.5 ml of
studied proteins and is the most abundant protein in plasma sodium sulphite. And then add 3 ml diethylether.
with a typical concentration of 5g / 100ml. It ischiefly Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for five minutes. After
responsible for the maintenance of blood pH [4]. Serum centrifuging, three layers appear in the test tube (Plate 3).
albumin is the carrier of fatty acids in the blood. Bovine The uppermost and middle layers were discarded. The
serum albumin (BSA) binds free fatty acids, other lipids uppermost layer is diethylether and middle is globulin
and flavour compounds, which can alter the denaturation of layer. The lowest layer, the albumin layer, is collected into
the protein. Isolated BSA has been reported to be a very a separated tube. Sealed with paraffin wax and store at –
functional protein. Denatured BSA might reduced the 80C for later use.
probability of a person acquiring certain diseases, such as
insulin dependent diabetes or auto-immune disease[5] . D. Lyophilization
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) is an Two ml bovine serum albumin was lyophilized
extraordinary, flexible and versatile method for separation (freezing followed by drying) into powder. It lasted 3 days
of proteins as well as nucleic acids. PAGE is used for for one batch. The albumin powder bottles were stored at –
separation and pruification of individual proteins and 20.C deep freezer (Plate 4 ).
determination of molecular weight of purified polypeptides.
PAGE is also the back-bone of the blotting technique[2].
Bovine Serum Albumin ( BSA ) is also used in
immunological test for measurement of anticardiolipin
IJISRT19AUG999 www.ijisrt.com 767

ISSN No:-2456-2165
E. Bovine Serum Albumin Purity Test III. RESULTS
The purity of locally produced bovine serum albumin
and its lyophilized powder were examined by A. Production of lyophilized powder from bovine serum
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). albumin
Amount of bovine’s blood collected, serum, albumin
F. Bovine Serum Albumin Potency Test and lyophilized powder produced are shown in Table1, 2.
The potency of local bovine serum albumin Ten ml of collected blood yielded three-four ml of serum.
(BSA) was tested measuring anticardiolipin antibody by The amount of albumin solution obtained was 2.5 to four
Enzyme–Linked. Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) ml from0.3 ml serum . One ml of albumin yielded 188.9
according to [3]. mg of lyophilized powder. Totally 15869 mg of lyophilized
powder was produced from total blood volume of 420 ml.
G. Statistical analysis Mean lyophilized powder produced was 377.83 +/- 3.47
The result from the test of local BSA and imported mg (N = 42).
BSA in ELISA were subjected to t test analysis.
Plate 1:- Map of Showing Study site

Source:Google Earth 2019
Table 1:- Amount of serum and albumin yielded from

bovine blood samples
Plate. 2:- Serum separated from blood

( s=serum, p = precipitate )
Plate 3:- Albumin separated from the diethylether and

globulin by centrifugation Table 2:- Amount of BSA lyophilized powder yielded
(d=diethylether , g =globulin , a =albumin ) from bovine serum albumin

ISSN No:-2456-2165
 IgM Level in Patients
In 1:100 dilution, optical density (OD) in patients
detected by using locally prepared BSA is 0.343, 0.347,
0.340, 0.336 and 0.327. Optical density in patient detected
by purchased BSA from foreign companies is 0.432, 0.449,
0.441, 0.429, 0.406 and 0.384 (fig 2 ).
Imported BSA was found to b highly significant ,

better than locally prepared BSA in antigenic effect.
IgG (t = -5.05,df =8 ,p <0.0005 )
IgM (t = -6.18,df=8 ,p <0.0001 )
Plate 4 Bovine serum albumin lyophilized powder
B. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of locally prepared

Bovine Serum Albumin
(Plate 5) shows electrophoretic separation pattern of
serum albumin on Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. In
1% BSA solution, albumin band was not seen. In 10% BSA
solution, only a single band was detected in polyacrylamide
gel Electrophoresis. Other protein bands such as fibrinogen,
globulin were not detected.
Fig. 1:- Optical density of local 10% BSA and imported

10% BSA for IgG ( 1: 100 dilution ) (10% PBS/BSA,
1:100 dilution ) IgG Level
(a) (b)
Plate 5 Electrophoretic separation pattern of bovine
serum albumin on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(a) 1% BSA solution
(b) 10% BSA solution
C. Optical density of anti-cardiolipin antibodies Local

bovine serum albumin test
 IgG in normal controls

In 1:100 dilution, optical density (OD) in normal
controls detected by using locally prepared BSA is 0.355
and 0.532. optical density in normal controls detected by Fig. 2:- Optical density of local 10% BSA and imported
purchased BSA from foreign companies is 0.659 and 0.902. 10% BSA for IgM ( 1 : 100 dilution ) (10% PBS/BSA,
1:100 dilution ) IgM Level
 IgG Level in Patients
In 1:100 dilution, optical density (OD) in patients IV. DISCUSSION
detected by using locally prepared BSA is 0.505, 0.538,
0.511, 0.528, 0.510 and 0.615. Optical density in patients The bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its lyophilized
detected by purchased BSA from foreign companies is powder form are blood components of mammals useful for
0.811, 0.791, 0.879, 0.740 and 0.740 ( fig 1 ). many research purposes such as protein separation for
electrophoresis and for detecting immunoglobulins in blood
 IgM Level in Normal Controls samples by ELISA.
In 1:100 dilution, optical density (OD) in normal
controls detected by using locally prepared BSA is 0.346, Currently BSA and its lyophilized powder are
0.369. Optical density in normal controls detected by available from foreign companies and thus require foreign
purchased BSA from foreign companies is 0.436 and 0.518. currency and import procedures to purchase for local
research needs.

ISSN No:-2456-2165
The present study accessed the feasibility of REFERENCES
producing BSA lyophilized powder from local bovine
blood serum and tested their purity and their effectiveness [1]. Carter and Ho (1994) Interaction of soluble wheat
in immunoglobulin detection and quantification in blood protein (SWP) with bovine serum albumin (BSA)
samples in ELISA. file:// A:\\Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Soluble
wheat protein (SWP).htm. Accessed 26, April, 2006.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) can be [2]. Chatterjea, M..N and R Shinde (2005). Text Book of
used to separate native proteins according to their change Medical Biochemistry 6 th edition, Jaypee Brothers,
and size. The pattern of serum proteins on electrophoresis Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New DEHLI : PP 89-92.
may be used in the diagnosis of disease. The purpose of the [3]. Engvall, E and P. Perlman (1971). Enzyme - Linked
present investigation was to detect the protein bands in the Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Quantitative 8(9) 871-
bovine serum album in which is locally prepared. 10% 874
BSA solution, only a single band is detected in [4]. Figgie (1991) Bovine Serum Albumin file://
polyacrylamide gel electropheresis 30%. Other bands (such A:\\Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Soluble Wheat
as fibrinogen, globulin) bands are not detected. It indicates Protein (SWP).htm. Accessed 26, September, 2006.
the locally prepared bovine serum albumin was composed [5]. Lewis. Sr. R.T (1993). Hawley's Condensed Chemical
of only albumin and almost free of globulin and fibrinogen. Dictionary, 12th edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
It seens that BSA has a high potential to be used in the New York pp 30
laboratory practices.
The locally prepared BSA can be used in Enzyme-

Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the
determination of on antigen or antibody level in any body
fluid.
Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibody by ELISA

using locally produced BSA lyophilized powder, blood
samples from normal persons and patients, were collected
and subjected to ELISA to detect their IgG and IgM
profiles and measurements by OD at 450 nm wavelength.
10% local BSA in PBS was tested in comparison to
imported BSA at 10% in ELISA to access the effectiveness
of local BSA at 1:100 dilution in 96 well titer plate. BSA
can not be used directly, so we can use with the ratio of
1:100 dilution.
Overall results showed although the use of local BSA

in ELISA yielded IgG and IgM (anticardiolipin antibodies)
counts in normal and patient blood sera, the OD values
were always lower than that detected by purchased BSA
from foreign companies. The reason may be due to less
purification of the BSA and lesser concentration of BSA
compared to purchased BSA.
V. CONCLUSION
The finding from this study will provide local

production of BSA lyophilized powder from bovine venous
blood might be highly useful and applicable in many
research works in Myanmar.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to wish my deepest gratitude and sincere

appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. U Ne Win, (Retired )
Director, National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health,
for his constant guidance, careful supervision, suggestion
and sharing of his vast knowledge throughout the study.

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Volume 4, Issue 8, August – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

Mass Production of Bovine Serum Albumin

IJISRT19AUG999 www.ijisrt.com 767

Plate 1:- Map of Showing Study site

Table 1:- Amount of serum and albumin yielded from

Plate. 2:- Serum separated from blood

Plate 3:- Albumin separated from the diethylether and

IJISRT19AUG999 www.ijisrt.com 768

Imported BSA was found to b highly significant ,

B. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of locally prepared

Fig. 1:- Optical density of local 10% BSA and imported

C. Optical density of anti-cardiolipin antibodies Local

 IgG in normal controls

IJISRT19AUG999 www.ijisrt.com 769

The locally prepared BSA can be used in Enzyme-

Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibody by ELISA

Overall results showed although the use of local BSA

The finding from this study will provide local

I would like to wish my deepest gratitude and sincere

IJISRT19AUG999 www.ijisrt.com 770

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