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    Types of Ro Membrane

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    Dane Tan
    This document discusses reverse osmosis membranes. It describes the theory of reverse osmosis where a semi-permeable membrane allows water to flow from a dilute to concentrated saline solution until equilibrium. Applying force can reverse this flow to produce pure water. There are two main types of reverse osmosis membranes: asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes and thin film composite polyamide membranes. Polyamide membranes have higher water flux and salt rejection than cellulose acetate membranes and are more stable over a wider pH range and can operate at lower pressures.

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    Types of Ro Membrane

    Uploaded by

    Dane Tan
    1K views3 pages
    This document discusses reverse osmosis membranes. It describes the theory of reverse osmosis where a semi-permeable membrane allows water to flow from a dilute to concentrated saline solution until equilibrium. Applying force can reverse this flow to produce pure water. There are two main types of reverse osmosis membranes: asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes and thin film composite polyamide membranes. Polyamide membranes have higher water flux and salt rejection than cellulose acetate membranes and are more stable over a wider pH range and can operate at lower pressures.

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    This document discusses reverse osmosis membranes. It describes the theory of reverse osmosis where a semi-permeable membrane allows water to flow from a dilute to concentrated saline solution until equilibrium. Applying force can reverse this flow to produce pure water. There are two main types of reverse osmosis membranes: asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes and thin film composite polyamide membranes. Polyamide membranes have higher water flux and salt rejection than cellulose acetate membranes and are more stable over a wider pH range and can operate at lower pressures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Types of Ro Membrane

    Uploaded by

    Dane Tan
    This document discusses reverse osmosis membranes. It describes the theory of reverse osmosis where a semi-permeable membrane allows water to flow from a dilute to concentrated saline solution until equilibrium. Applying force can reverse this flow to produce pure water. There are two main types of reverse osmosis membranes: asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes and thin film composite polyamide membranes. Polyamide membranes have higher water flux and salt rejection than cellulose acetate membranes and are more stable over a wider pH range and can operate at lower pressures.

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    The passage discusses the theory and types of reverse osmosis membranes, including the phenomenon of osmosis, asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes, thin film composite polyamide membranes, and comparisons between the membrane types.

    Osmosis is the natural flow of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. It occurs until the pressure of the column of solution balances the difference in chemical potential across the membrane, reaching an equilibrium point called osmotic pressure.

    The two main types of reverse osmosis membranes discussed are asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA) membranes and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes.

    2 Introduction to Reverse Osmosis Membrane

    2. Theory of Reverse Osmosis membrane

    2-2. Theory of Reverse Osmosis Membrane

    The phenomenon of osmosis is illustrated in the Figure below.


    A semi-permeable membrane (RO membrane) is placed between two compartments. An RO
    membrane is consisted of a supporting layer with 50 μm in thickness and a barrier layer with about 0.2
    μm in thickness. The phenomenon of osmosis occurs when pure water flows from a dilute saline
    solution in one compartment through the RO membrane into a higher concentrated saline solution in the
    other causing a rise in the height of the salt solution in the compartment of the higher concentrated
    solution.
    The water flow will stop when the pressure of the column of the salt solution equals to the difference
    in chemical potential between the two aqueous solutions. The equilibrium point of the water column
    height in terms of water pressure against the membrane is called osmotic pressure.
    If a force is applied to this column of water, the direction of water flow through the membrane can be
    reversed. This phenomenon is called reverse osmosis. This reversed flow produces pure water from the
    salt solution, since the membrane is not permeable to salt

    Pressure
    Osmosis

    RO membrane RO membrane

    H2 O H2 O

    Dilute Concentrated Dilute Concentrated


    Solution Solution Solution Solution

    -16-
    Introduction to Reverse Osmosis Membrane

    3. Types of Reverse Osmosis Membrane


    2
    2-3. Types of Reverse Osmosis Membrane

    2-3-1. Asymmetric Membrane --- Cellulose Acetate(CA) Membrane

    Historically, the asymmetric membrane is formed by casting a thin film acetone-based solution of
    cellulose acetate(CA) polymer, which was developed by Loeb and Sourirajan in 1962 and the first
    commercially viable RO membrane.
    The resulting CA membrane has an asymmetric structure with a dense surface layer of about 0.1 - 0.2
    μm which is responsible for the salt rejection property. The rest of the membrane, which is 100-200 μm
    thick and supports the thin surface layer mechanically, is spongy and porous, and has high water
    permeability. Salt rejection and water flux of a CA membrane can be controlled by variations in
    temperature and duration of the annealing step.

    2-3-2. Thin Film Composite Membrane --- Polyamide(PA) Membrane

    Thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes are consisted of a porous support layer and a thin
    film dense layer which is a cross linked membrane skin and is formed in situ on the porous support
    layer, usually made of polysulfone. The thin film dense layer is a cross-linked aromatic polyamide made
    from interfacial polymerization reaction of a polyfunctional amine such as m-phenylenediamine with a
    polyfunctional acid chloride such as tri-mesoyl chloride. This TFC manufacturing procedure enables
    independent optimization of the distinct properties of the support and salt rejecting skin. The TFC
    membrane is characterized by higher specific water flux and higher salt rejection than cellulose acetate
    membranes.

    2-3-3. Comparison of Polyamide TFC Membranes with Cellulose Acetate(CA)


    Membranes

    As mentioned above, the TFC membranes exhibit higher water flux and higher salt rejection than
    CA membranes which had been used widely until the commercial introduction of TFC membranes in
    1981. TFC membranes are stable over a wider pH range and operable at lower pressure than CA
    membranes. Detailed comparisons between the two types of membranes are shown in the table below.

    -17- Technology Express CSM


    2 Introduction to Reverse Osmosis Membrane
    3. Types of Reverse Osmosis Membrane

    Parameters PA Membrane CA Membrane

    Operating pH range 2~12 4~6

    2
    Operating Pressure (Kg/cm ) 15 30

    TDS 99+ 98
    Salt Rejection (%)
    Silica(SiO2) 99+ < 95

    Salt Rejection Change after 3years 99%→98.7% 98%→96%

    Chlorine Tolerance <0.1 ppm 1 ppm

    Membrane Fouling High Low

    -18-

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