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    Lecture 1 2 Introduction To Vlsi and Embedded System PDF

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    Bhaskar K
    This document provides an overview of an FPGA-based system design course, including: - Recommended textbooks on FPGA design - The course will cover FPGA fabrics, combinational and sequential logic design using VHDL. - Course objectives are to learn FPGA design techniques including VHDL, digital circuits, optimization for speed and power. - The course outline will cover FPGA systems, VLSI technology, and FPGA design topics from the recommended textbook.

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    Lecture 1 2 Introduction To Vlsi and Embedded System PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar K
    285 views28 pages
    This document provides an overview of an FPGA-based system design course, including: - Recommended textbooks on FPGA design - The course will cover FPGA fabrics, combinational and sequential logic design using VHDL. - Course objectives are to learn FPGA design techniques including VHDL, digital circuits, optimization for speed and power. - The course outline will cover FPGA systems, VLSI technology, and FPGA design topics from the recommended textbook.

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    This document provides an overview of an FPGA-based system design course, including: - Recommended textbooks on FPGA design - The course will cover FPGA fabrics, combinational and sequential logic design using VHDL. - Course objectives are to learn FPGA design techniques including VHDL, digital circuits, optimization for speed and power. - The course outline will cover FPGA systems, VLSI technology, and FPGA design topics from the recommended textbook.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    285 views28 pages

    Lecture 1 2 Introduction To Vlsi and Embedded System PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar K
    This document provides an overview of an FPGA-based system design course, including: - Recommended textbooks on FPGA design - The course will cover FPGA fabrics, combinational and sequential logic design using VHDL. - Course objectives are to learn FPGA design techniques including VHDL, digital circuits, optimization for speed and power. - The course outline will cover FPGA systems, VLSI technology, and FPGA design topics from the recommended textbook.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    FPGA BASED SYSTEM

    DESIGN
    Dr. Tayab Din Memon
    [email protected]
    Lecture 1 & 2
    Books
    • Recommended Books:
    • Text Book: FPGA Based System Design by Wayne Wolf
    • Verilog HDL by Samir Palnitkar.
    • Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL by Michael
    D. Ciletti
    • Will tell you about other books in coming weeks.
    • http://www.waynewolf.us/fpga-book/Overheads/index.html
    Course Organization
    • Course material:
     All the course material will be provided in power point
    slides format
    • Course Instructor:
    Dr. Tayab Din Memon
    Office: TQCIC Lab – II, IIT Building
    [email protected]
    Course Objectives & Scope
    
After taking this course, you will:
    • Learn how to design digital circuits with HDL
    • Have an understanding
    •VLSI: Fabrication, circuits, interconnects
    •FPGA based design techniques
    •FPGA fabrics
    •FPGA optimization for size, speed, and power consumption
    •VHDL
    •The structure of large digital circuits
    •Large scale platform and multi-FPGA systems
    • Understand some of the important ideas for designing more
    complex systems.
    Course Outline
    • In this course most of the stuff is recommended
    from a book “FPGA Based System Design” that is
    given below:
    • FPGA Based Systems
    • VLSI Technology
    • FPGA Fabrics
    • Combinational Logic
    • Sequential Machines
    • Some of the material will be covered from other books as:
    • Introduction to HDL and different modes of writing VHDL
    programming.
    REVIEW OF VLSI AND
    EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
    Lecture 1, 2 & 3
    Oct 2010

    Introduction
    • Integrated circuits: many transistors on one chip.
    • Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI): very many
    • Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
    • Fast, cheap, low power transistors
    • How to build your own simple CMOS chip
    • CMOS transistors
    • Building logic gates from transistors
    • Transistor layout and fabrication
    VLSI:Very Large Scale Integration
    • Integration: Integrated Circuits
    • multiple devices on one substrate
    • How large is Very Large?
    • SSI (small scale integration)
    • 7400 series, 10-100 transistors
    • MSI (medium scale)
    • 74000 series 100-1000
    • LSI 1,000-10,000 transistors
    • VLSI > 10,000 transistors
    Oct 2010

    A Brief History
    • 1958: First integrated circuit
    • Flip-flop using two transistors
    • Built by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments
    • 2003
    • Intel Pentium 4 mprocessor (55 million transistors)
    • 512 Mbit DRAM (> 0.5 billion transistors)
    • 53% compound annual growth rate over 45 years
    • No other technology has grown so fast so long
    • Driven by miniaturization of transistors
    • Smaller is cheaper, faster, lower in power!
    • Revolutionary effects on society
    Intel 4004 Micro-Processor
    Evolution in Transistor Count
    Oct 2010

    Moore’s Law
    • 1965: Gordon Moore plotted transistor on each chip
    • Fit straight line on semilog scale
    • Transistor counts have doubled every 26 months

    1,000,000,000

    100,000,000
    Integration Levels
    Pentium 4
    Pentium III
    10,000,000 Pentium II
    Pentium Pro SSI: 10 gates
    Transistors

    Pentium
    Intel486
    1,000,000
    Intel386
    100,000
    80286
    MSI: 1000 gates
    8086
    10,000 8080

    1,000
    4004
    8008
    LSI: 10,000 gates
    1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
    VLSI: > 10k gates
    Year
    VLSI Design
    • But the real issue is that VLSI is about designing
    systems on chips.
    • The designs are complex, and we need to use
    structured design techniques and sophisticated
    design tools to manage the complexity of the
    design.
    • We also accept the fact that any technology we
    learn the details of will be out of date soon.
    The Process of VLSI Design:
    Consists of many different representations/Abstractions
    of the system (chip) that is being designed.
    • System Level Design
    • Architecture / Algorithm Level Design
    • Digital System Level Design
    • Logical Level Design
    • Electrical Level Design
    • Layout Level Design
    • Semiconductor Level Design (possibly more)

    Each abstraction/view is itself a Design Hierarchy of


    refinements which decompose the design.
    Design Abstraction Levels

    SYSTEM

    MODULE
    +

    GATE

    CIRCUIT

    DEVICE
    G
    S D
    n+ n+
    Help from Computer Aided Design tools
    • Tools • Experts
    • Editors • Logic design
    • Simulators • Electronic/circuit design
    • Libraries • Device physics
    • Module Synthesis • Artwork
    • Place/Route • Applications - system
    • Chip Assemblers design
    • Silicon Compilers • Architectures
    New Design Methodologies
    • Methodologies which are based on:
    • System Level Abstractions v.s. Device Characteristic
    Abstractions
    • Logic structures and circuitry change slowly over time
    • trade-offs do change, but the choices do not
    • Scalable Designs
    • Layout techniques also change slowly.
    • But the minimum feature size steadily decreases with time (also Voltage,
    Die Size, etc.)
    Design Approaches
    • Custom
    • full control of design
    • best results, slowest design time.
    • Semi-custom (std cell)
    • use Cell libraries from vendor
    • cad tools, faster design time
    • Gate Array
    • fastest design time
    • worst speed/power/density
    • best low volume (worst high volume)
    • EPLA/EPLD - FPGA - electrically programmable (in the field) -
    Evolution in Speed/Performance
    Embedded Systems Overview
    Embedded Systems :-
    Application-specific systems which contain hardware and software tailored
    for a particular task and are generally part of a larger system (e.g.,
    industrial controllers)

    • Characteristics
    • Are dedicated to a particular application
    • Include processors dedicated to specific functions
    • Represent a subset of reactive (responsive to external inputs) systems
    • Contain real-time constraints
    • Include requirements that span:
    • Performance
    • Reliability
    • Form factor
    21

    Embedded systems overview


    • Embedded computing systems
    • Computing systems embedded within Computers are in here...

    electronic devices and here...


    • Hard to define. Nearly any computing system
    other than a desktop computer and even here...

    • Billions of units produced yearly, versus


    millions of desktop units
    • Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile

    Lots more of these,


    though they cost a lot
    less each.
    Dr. Gheith Abandah 22

    Examples: Refrigerator
    Dr. Gheith Abandah 23

    Examples: Car Door


    24

    A “short list” of embedded systems


    Anti-lock brakes Modems
    Auto-focus cameras MPEG decoders
    Automatic teller machines Network cards
    Automatic toll systems Network switches/routers
    Automatic transmission On-board navigation
    Avionic systems Pagers
    Battery chargers Photocopiers
    Camcorders Point-of-sale systems
    Cell phones Portable video games
    Cell-phone base stations Printers
    Cordless phones Satellite phones
    Cruise control Scanners
    Curbside check-in systems Smart ovens/dishwashers
    Digital cameras Speech recognizers
    Disk drives Stereo systems
    Electronic card readers Teleconferencing systems
    Electronic instruments Televisions
    Electronic toys/games Temperature controllers
    Factory control Theft tracking systems
    Fax machines TV set-top boxes
    Fingerprint identifiers VCR’s, DVD players
    Home security systems Video game consoles
    Life-support systems Video phones
    Medical testing systems Washers and dryers

    And the list goes on and on


    Concepts of co-design
    • Codesign
    • The meeting of system-level objectives by exploiting the trade-offs
    between hardware and software in a system through their
    concurrent design

    • Key concepts
    • Concurrent: hardware and software developed at the same time on
    parallel paths
    • Integrated: interaction between hardware and software
    developments to produce designs that meet performance criteria
    and functional specifications
    Essential components and considerations
    • Essential components :-
    - Microprocessor / DSP core
    - Sensors
    - Converter ( A-D and D-A )
    - Actuators
    - Memory (on-chip and off-chip )
    - Communication path with interfacing environment

    • Essential considerations :-
    - Response time ;- ( Real time system )
    - Area, Cost, Power, Portability, Fault-tolerance
    Design-flow in ES Design
    THANKS FOR YOUR
    PATIENCE
    End of Lecture 1 & 2

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