Practiceset 2co

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
SOLUTIONS
1. Consider a disk drive with the following specifications: 16 surfaces, 512 tracks/ Surfaces, 256
sectors/ track and 512 Bytes/ sector. If the format overhead is 64 Bytes/ sector, what is the
effective track capacity?
Solution: 112 KB
Explanation:
1 track = 256 sectors

= 256×512 Bytes
Format overhead/ track = 256×64 Bytes
So, effective track capacity = 256×512 − 256×64

= 28·26·7 Bytes
= 112 KB
2. A disk drive has innermost track diameter as 28 cm with maximum recording density as 1
KB/cm. Using a R/W head the disk is rotating at 3000 RPM. What is the data transfer rate?
Solution: 4.4 KB/ ms
Explanation:
22
Perimeter = π×D = 7
×28 cm = 88 cm
1 cm → 1 KB
88 cm → 88 KB
So, 1 track capacity is 88 KB
3000 rotation → 60 sec

60
1 rotation → 3000 sec = 20 ms
1 rotation → 1 track covers
20 ms → 88 KB
88
1 ms → 20 = 4.4 KB
1
So, Data transfer rate is 4.4 KB/ ms.
3. A hard disk has 64 sectors/ track, 16 platters, each with 2 regarding surface and 2000
cylinders. The address of a sector is given as <c, h, s> where c → cylinder no., h → surface no.,
s → sector no. 0th sector is addressed as <0, 0, 0>. The address <500, 20, 32> corresponds to
sector number is
(a) 1025310 (b) 1025311

(c) 1025312 (d) 1025313
Solution: Option (c)
Explanation:
c⇒cylinder number
h⇒surface number
s⇒sector number
Hard disk has 64 sectors/track, 16 platters and each with 2 recording surfaces <500,20,32>
means we need to cross the 500 cylinders, 20 surfaces in a particular cylinder and 32 sectors in a
particular track to find the desired sector. So we need to find the how many sectors we are
crossing to get the sector address <500,20,32>.
Number of sectors we need to cross = 500 cylinders(16 platters/cylinder * 2 surfaces/platter *1

tracks/surface *64 sector/track) + 20 surfaces(1 tracks/surface * 64 sectors/track) + 32 sectors ⇒
1025312 sectors
4. For the above case the address of 1051 sector is?
(a) <0, 15, 28> (b) <0, 16, 27>

(c) <0, 17, 27> (d) <0, 16, 28>
Solution: Option (b)
Explanation:
0 + 15×64 + 28 = 988
0 + 16×64 + 27 = 1051
0 + 17×64 + 27 = 1115
0 + 16×64 + 28 = 1052
2
5. A magnetic tape is consisting of some 16 kb blocks. Inter block gap length is 0.2 inch. The
recording density is 2 KB/ inch. If the tape length is 1530 feet then what is the tape capacity?
Solution: 30.6 MB
Explanation:
Gap length GL = 0.2 inch

Recording density ρ = 2 KB/ inch
Length of tape L = 1530×12 inch
Block capacity BC = 16 kb
BC 16×103
BL = ρ
= 2×8×103
= 1 inch
L 1530×12
No. of blocks = B = = 15300
L +GL 1+0.2
Capacity of tape = no. of blocks × BC

= 15300 × 16 kb
= 30.6 MB
6. A device has been used in cycle stealing mode of DMA. A word of 4 bytes can be transferred
when it is available. The memory cycle time is 40 ms and CPU is idle for 10% of its time. What
is the data transfer rate of the device?
Solution:11.11 B/ sec
Explanation:
If x is data transfer time and y is memory cycle time

y
Then, % CPU idle = x+y ×100 = 10
y = 40 ms
40
So, x+40 ×100 = 10
⇨ 400 = x + 40
⇨ x = 360 ms
360 ms → 4 B
4
1 ms → 360 B
1 sec→ 11.11 Byte
3
Data transfer rate is 11.11 B/ sec.
7. Consider a disk with a rotational rate of 10,000 RPM, an average seek time of 8 ms, and an
average of 500 sectors per track. What is the average time to read a random sector from disk?
Solution:
Average time = seek time + rotational delay + transfer time
Rotational delay=½(rotational time)
10000 rotations----------->60 sec
1 rotation--------------->?
⇒ 60/10000 sec ⇒ 1/166.4 sec ⇒ 6 msec
The transfer time is the time it takes for the head to read all of the sector. The head is now at the
start of the sector, so how long does it take for the entire sector to go past the head? Since there
are on average 500 sectors per track, we need 1/500th of a revolution of the disk to read the
entire sector. We can work this out as (time for one revolution of disk) / 500 = 6ms / 500 =
0.012ms.
Average time=8 msec+½(6 msec)+0.012 msec=9.012 msec

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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

1 track = 256 sectors

Format overhead/ track = 256×64 Bytes

So, effective track capacity = 256×512 − 256×64

Solution:​ 4.4 KB/ ms

So, 1 track capacity is 88 KB

3000 rotation → 60 sec

(a) 1025310 (b) 1025311

Solution:​ Option (c)

Number of sectors we need to cross = 500 cylinders(16 platters/cylinder * 2 surfaces/platter *1

(a) <0, 15, 28> (b) <0, 16, 27>

Solution: ​Option (b)

Gap length G​L​ = 0.2 inch

Capacity of tape = no. of blocks × B​C

If x is data transfer time and y is memory cycle time

Average time = seek time + rotational delay + transfer time

Rotational delay=½(rotational time)

10000 rotations----------->60 sec

⇒ 60/10000 sec ⇒ 1/166.4 sec ⇒ 6 msec

Average time=8 msec+½(6 msec)+0.012 msec=9.012 msec

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Solution: 4.4 KB/ ms

Solution: Option (c)

Solution: Option (b)

Gap length GL = 0.2 inch

Capacity of tape = no. of blocks × BC