MTH 101-2016

Assignment 1 : Real Numbers, Sequences

1. Find the supremum of the set { |m+n

m
: n ∈ N, m ∈ Z}.

2. Let A be a non-empty subset of R and α ∈ R. Show that α = supA if and only if α − 1

n is
not an upper bound of A but α + n1 is an upper bound of A for every n ∈ N.

3. Let y ∈ (1, ∞) and x ∈ (0, 1). Evaluate limn→∞ (2n)y xn .

4. For a ∈ R, let x1 = a and xn+1 = 14 (x2n + 3) for all n ∈ N. Show that (xn ) converges if and
only if |a| ≤ 3. Moreover, find the limit of the sequence when it converges.
( )
5. Show that the sequence (xn ) defined by x1 = 12 and xn+1 = 17 x3n + 2 for n ∈ N satisfies the
Cauchy criterion.

6. Let xn = 1 + 21 + 31 + ... + n1 for n ∈ N. Show that |x2n − xn | ≥ 1

2 for every n ∈ N. Does the
sequence (xn ) satisfy the Cauchy criterion ?

7. Let (xn ) be defined by x1 = 1, x2 = 2 and xn+2 = xn +x

2
n+1
for n ≥ 1. Show that (xn )
xn+1 xn
converges. Further, by observing that xn+2 + 2 = xn+1 + 2 , find the limit of (xn ).

Assignment 2 : Continuity, Existence of minimum, Intermediate Value Property

1. Let [x] denote the integer part of the real number x. Suppose f (x) = g(x)h(x) where g(x) =
[x2 ] √
and h(x) = sin 2πx. Discuss the continuity/discontinuity of f, g and h at x = 2 and
x = 2.

2. Determine the points of continuity for the function f : R → R defined by

{
2x if x is rational
f (x) =
x + 3 if x is irrational.

3. Let f : R → R be a continuous function and let x0 , c ∈ R. Show that if f (x0 ) > c, then there
exists a δ > 0 such that f (x) > c for all x ∈ (x0 − δ, x0 + δ).

4. Let f : [0, 1] → (0, 1) be an on-to function. Show that f is not continuous on [0, 1].

5. Let f : [a, b] → R and for every x ∈ [a, b] there exists y ∈ [a, b] such that |f (y)| < 12 |f (x)|.
Find inf{|f (x)| : x ∈ [a, b]}. Show that f is not continuous on [a, b].

6. Let f : [0, 2] → R be a continuous function and f (0) = f (2). Prove that there exist real
numbers x1 , x2 ∈ [0, 2] such that x2 − x1 = 1 and f (x2 ) = f (x1 ).

7. Let p be an odd degree polynomial and g : R → R be a bounded continuous function.

Show that there exists x0 ∈ R such that p(x0 ) = g(x0 ). Further show that the equation
x13 − 3x10 + 4x + sinx = 1+x
1
2 + cos x has a solution in R.
2

Assignment 3 : Derivatives, Maxima and Minima, Rolle’s Theorem

1. Show that the function f (x) = x | x | is differentiable at 0. More generally, if f is continuous

at 0, then g(x) = xf (x) is differentiable at 0.
2. Prove that if f : R−→R is an even function (i.e., f (−x) = f (x) for all x ∈ R) and has a
derivative at every point, then the derivative f ′ is an odd function (i.e.,f (−x) = −f (x) for
all x ∈ R).

3. Show that among all triangles with given base and the corresponding vertex angle, the isosceles
triangle has the maximum area.

4. Show that exactly two real values of x satisfy the equation x2 = xsinx + cosx.

5. Suppose f is continuous on [a, b], differentiable on (a, b) and satisfies f 2 (a) − f 2 (b) = a2 − b2 .
Then show that the equation f ′ (x)f (x) = x has at least one root in (a, b).

6. Let f : (−1, 1) → R be twice differentiable. Suppose f ( n1 ) = 0 for all n ∈ N. Show that

f ′ (0) = f ′′ (0) = 0.

7. Let f : (−1, 1) → R be a twice differentiable function such that f ′′ (0) > 0. Show that there
exists n ∈ N such that f ( n1 ) ̸= 1.

Assignment 4 : Mean Value Theorem, Taylor’s Theorem, Curve Sketching

1. Show that ny n−1 (x − y) ≤ xn − y n ≤ nxn−1 (x − y) if 0 < y ≤ x, n ∈ N.

2. Let f : [0, 1] → R be differentiable, f ( 12 ) = 21 and 0 < α < 1. Suppose |f ′ (x)| ≤ α for all
x ∈ [0, 1]. Show that |f (x)| < 1 for all x ∈ [0, 1].

3. Let f : [a, b] → R be continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Suppose that f (a) = a
and f (b) = b. Show that there is c ∈ (a, b) such that f ′ (c) = 1. Further, show that there are
distinct c1 , c2 ∈ (a, b) such that f ′ (c1 ) + f ′ (c2 ) = 2.

4. Using Cauchy Mean Value Theorem, show that

x2
(a) 1 − 2! < cos x for x ̸= 0.
x3
(b) x − 3! < sin x for x > 0.
1
5. Find lim (6 − x) x−5 and lim (1 + x1 )x .
x−→5 x−→0+

x2
6. Sketch the graphs of f (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 9x + 1 and f (x) = x2 −1
.

7. (a) Let f : [a, b] → R be such that f ′′ (x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ [a, b]. Suppose x0 ∈ [a, b]. Show
that for any x ∈ [a, b]
f (x) ≥ f (x0 ) + f ′ (x0 )(x − x0 )
i.e., the graph of f lies above the tangent line to the graph at (x0 , f (x0 )).
(b) Show that cos y − cos x ≥ (x − y) sin x for all x, y ∈ [ π2 , 3π
2 ].

8. Suppose f is a three times differentiable function on [−1, 1] such that f (−1) = 0, f (1) = 1
and f ′ (0) = 0. Using Taylor’s theorem show that f ′′′ (c) ≥ 3 for some c ∈ (−1, 1).

Assignment 5 : Series, Power Series, Taylor Series

∑
1. Let f : [0, 1] → R and an = f ( n1 ) − f ( n+11
). Show that if f is continuous
∑ then ∞ n=1 an
′ ∞
converges and if f is differentiable and |f (x)| < 1 for all x ∈ [0, 1] then n=1 |an | converges.
∑
2. In each of the following cases, discuss the convergence/divergence of the series ∞n=1 an where
an equals:
 √ √ ( )
1 n(n+1)
(c) 2−n−(−1)
n+1− n n
(a) n (b) 1 − cos n1 (d) 1+ n
(e) n ln n
2n (f) logn
np , (p > 1) (g) e−n (cos n)n2 sin n1
∑
∞ ∑
∞
an+1 bn+1
3. Let an and bn be series of positive terms satisfying an ≤ bn for all n ≥ N. Show
n=1 n=1
∑
∞ ∑
∞ ∑
∞
nn−2
that if bn converges then an also converges. Test the series en n! for convergence.
n=1 n=1 n=1

4. Show that the series 1

41
+ 1
52
+ 3
43
+ 1
54
+ 5
45
+ 1
56
+ 7
47
+ · · · converges.
∑∞ n 1
5. Show that the series n=1 (−1) sin n converges but not absolutely.
∑
∞
(x−1)2n
6. Determine the values of x for which the series n2 3n
converges.
n=1
∑∞ (−1)n 2n
7. Show that cos x = n=0 (2n)! x , x ∈ R.

Assignment 6: Integration
1
1. Using Riemann’s criterion for the integrability, show that f (x) = x is integrable on [1, 2].

2. If f and g are continuous functions on [a, b] and if g(x) ≥ 0 for a ≤ x ≤ b, then show the mean
∫b ∫b
value theorem for integrals : there exists c ∈ [a, b] such that f (x)g(x)dx = f (c) g(x)dx.
a a

∫1
(a) Show that there is no continuous function f on [0, 1] such that xn f (x)dx = √1
n
for all n ∈
0
N.
∫b
(b) If f is contiunuous on [a, b] then show that there exists c ∈ [a, b] such that a f (x)dx =
f (c)(b − a).
∫b ∫b
(c) If f and g are continuous on [a, b] and a f (x)dx = a g(x)dx then show that there exists
c ∈ [a, b] such that f (c) = g(c).
∫2
3. Let f : [0, 2] → R be a continuous function such that 0 f (x)dx = 2. Find the value of
∫2 ∫x
0 [xf (x) + 0 f (t)dt]dx.

∫x ∫u ∫x
4. Show that ( f (t)dt)du = f (u)(x − u)du, assuming f to be continuous.
0 0 0
1
5. Let f : [0, 1] → R be a positive continuous function. Show that limn→∞ (f ( n1 )f ( n2 )···f ( nn )) n =
∫1
lnf (x)
e 0 .

Assignment 7: Improper Integrals

1. Test the convergence/divergence of the following improper integrals:

∫1 ∫1 ∫1 log ∫1
(a) dx √
(b) dx
(c) √x (d) sin(1/x)dx.
log(1+ x) x−log(1+x) x
0 0 0 0

∫∞ sin(1/x) ∫∞ ∫∞ ∫
π/2
e−x dx
2
(e) x dx (f ) (g) sin x2 dx, (h) cot xdx.
1 0 0 0
∫∞ 1−ex
2. Determine all those values of p for which the improper integral 0 xp dx converges.
 ∫∞ sin2 x ∫∞ sin x ∫∞ sin2 x
3. Show that the integrals x2
dx and x dx converge. Further, prove that x2
dx =
0 0 0
∫∞ sin x
x dx.
0

∫∞ x log x
4. Show that (1+x2 )2
dx = 0.
0

5. Prove the following statements.

∫1
(a) Let f be an increasing function on (0,1) and the improper integral 0 f (x) exist. Then
∫ 1− 1 f ( 1 )+f ( n
2
)+···+f ( n−1 ) ∫1
i. 0 n f (x)dx ≤ n n
n
≤ 1 f (x)dx.
n
1
f( n 2
)+f ( n )+···+f ( n−1 ) ∫1
ii. limn→∞ n
n
= 0 f (x)dx.
1
ln n 2
+ln n +···+ln n−1
(b) limn→∞ n
n
= −1.
√
n
(c) limn→∞ nn! = 1e .

Assignment 8: Applications of Integration, Pappus Theorem

1. Sketch the graphs of r = cos(2θ) and r = sin(2θ). Also, find their points of intersection.

2. A curved wedge is cut from a cylinder of radius 3 by two planes. One plane is perpendicular
to the axis of the cylinder. The second plane crosses the first plane at a 45◦ angle at the
center of the cylinder. Find the volume of the wedge.

3. Let C denote the circular disc of radius b centered at (a, 0) where 0 < b < a. Find the volume
of the torus that is generated by revolving C around the y-axis using

(a) the Washer Method

(b) the Shell Method.

4. Consider the curve C defined by x(t) = cos3 (t), y(t) = sin3 t, 0 ≤ t ≤ π2 .

(a) Find the length of the curve.

(b) Find the area of the surface generated by revolving C about the x-axis.
(c) If (x, y) is the centroid of C then find y.

5. A square is rotated about an axis lying in the plane of the square, which intersects the square
only at one of its vertices. For what position of the axis, is the volume of the resulting solid
of revolution the largest?

6. Find the centroid of the semicircular arc (x − r)2 + y 2 = r2 , r > 0 described in the first
quadrant. If this arc is rotated about the line y + mx = 0, m > 0, determine the generated
surface area A and show that A is maximum when m = π/2.

Assignment 9: Vectors, Curves, Surfaces, Vector Functions

1. Consider the planes x − y + z = 1, x + ay − 2z + 10 = 0 and 2x − 3y + z + b = 0, where a and

b are parameters. Determine the values of a and b such that the three planes

(a) intersect at a single point,

 (b) intersect in a line,
(c) intersect (taken two at a time) in three distinct parallel lines.

2. Determine the equation of a cone with vertex (0, −a, 0) generated by a line passing through
the curve x2 = 2y, z = h.

3. The velocity of a particle moving in space is dt d

c(t) = (cos t)⃗i − (sin t)⃗j + ⃗k. Find the particle’s
position as a function of t if c(0) = 2⃗i + ⃗k. Also find the angle between its position vector and
the velocity vector.

4. Show that c(t) = sin t2⃗i + cos t2⃗j + 5⃗k has constant magnitude and is orthogonal to its
derivative. Is the velocity vector of constant magnitude?

5. Find the point on the curve c(t) = (5 sin t)⃗i + (5 cos t)⃗j + 12t⃗k at a distance 26π units along
the curve from (0, 5, 0) in the direction of increasing arc length.

6. Reparametrize the curves

t2 ⃗ t3 ⃗
(a) c(t) = 2i + 3 k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2,
(b) c(t) = 2 cos t⃗i + 2 sin t⃗j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π

in terms of arc length.

7. Show that the parabola y = ax2 , a ̸= 0 has its largest curvature at its vertex and has no
minimum curvature.

Assignment 10: Functions of several variables (Continuity and Differentiability)

1. Identify the points, if any, where the following functions fail to be continuous:
{ {
xy if xy ≥ 0 xy if xy is rationnal
(i) f (x, y) = (ii) f (x, y) =
−xy if xy < 0 −xy if xy is irrational.

2. Consider the function f : R2 −→R defined by

{ 2 2 x y
x2 y 2 +(x−y)2
if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) =
0 if(x, y) = (0, 0)

Show that the function satisfy the following:

[ ] [ ]
(a) The iterated limits lim lim f (x, y) and lim lim f (x, y) exist and equals 0;
x−→0 y−→0 y−→0 x−→0

(b) lim f (x, y) does not exist;

(x,y)−→(0,0)

(c) f (x, y) is not continuous at (0, 0);

(d) the partial derivatives exist at (0, 0).

2 if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0) and 0, otherwise. Show that f is differentiable

1
3. Let f (x, y) = (x2 +y 2 ) sin x2 +y
at every point of R but the partial derivatives are not continuous at (0, 0).
2

4. Let f (x, y) = |xy| for all (x, y) ∈ R2 . Show that

(a) f is differentiable at (0, 0.)

 (b) fx (0, y0 ) does not exist if y0 ̸= 0.

5. Suppose f is a function with fx (x, y) = fy (x, y) = 0 for all (x, y). Then show that f (x, y) = c,
a constant.

Assignment 11: Directional derivatives, Maxima, Minima, Lagrange Multipliers

( )
 
1. Let f (x, y) =  |x|−|y|  −|x|−|y| . Is f continuous at (0, 0)? Which directional derivatives
1
2
of f exist at (0, 0)? Is f differentiable at (0, 0)?
2
2. Let f (x, y) = x2x+yy 2 for (x, y) ̸= (0, 0) and f (0, 0) = 0. Show that the directional derivative
of f at (0, 0) in all directions exist but f is not differentiable at (0, 0).

3. Let f (x, y) = x2 ey + cos(xy). Find the directional derivative of f at (1, 2) in the direction
( 35 , 45 ).

4. Find the equation of the surface generated by the normals to the surface x + 2yz + xyz 2 = 0
at all points on the z-axis.

5. Examine the following functions for local maxima, local minima and saddle points:

i) 4xy − x4 − y 4 ii) x3 − 3xy 2

6. Find the absolute maxima of f (x, y) = xy on the unit disc {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}.

Assignment 12 : Double Integrals

1. Evaluate the following integrals:

√
∫1 ∫ 2√
1−x ∫π∫π sin y ∫1∫1
i) 1 − y 2 dydx ii) y dydx iii) x2 expxy dxdy.
0 0 0x 0y
∫∫
2. Evaluate xdxdy where R is the region 1 ≤ x(1 − y) ≤ 2 and 1 ≤ xy ≤ 2.
R

3. Using double integral, find the area enclosed by the curve r = sin3θ given in polar cordinates.
∫ ∫
exp−(x +y ) dxdy, where
2 2
4. Compute lim
a−→∞
D(a)

i) D(a) = {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ a2 } and ii) D(a) = {(x, y) : 0 ≤ x ≤ a, 0 ≤ y ≤ a}.

∫∞ √ ∫∞ √
e−x dx = x2 e−x dx =
2 π 2 π
Hence prove that (i) 2 (ii) 4 .
0 0

5. Find the volume of the solid which is common to the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 and x2 + z 2 = 1.

Assignment 13 : Triple Integrals, Surface Integrals, Line integrals

∫∫ ∫
1. Evaluate the integral √ dzdydx
; where W is the ball x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1.
1+x2 +y 2 +z 2
W
2. What is the integral of the function x2 z taken over the entire surface of a right circular
cylinder of height h which stands on the circle x2 + y 2 = a2 . What is the integral of the given
function taken throughout the volume of the cylinder.

3. Find the line integral of the vector field F (x, y, z) = y⃗i − x⃗j + ⃗k along the path c(t) =
t
(cos t, sin t, 2π ), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π joining (1, 0, 0) to (1, 0, 1).
∫
4. Evaluate T · dR, where C is the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 and T is the unit tangent vector.
C
∫
5. Show that the integral yzdx+(xz +1)dy +xydz is independent of the path C joining (1, 0, 0)
C
and (2, 1, 4).

Assignment 14 : Green’s /Stokes’ /Gauss’ Theorems

∫
1. Use Green’s Theorem to compute (2x2 − y 2 ) dx + (x2 + y 2 ) dy where C is the boundary of
C
the region {(x, y) : x, y ≥ 0 & x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}.
∫
2. Use Stokes’ Theorem to evaluate the line integral −y 3 dx + x3 dy − z 3 dz, where C is the
C
intersection of the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 and the plane x + y + z = 1 and the orientation of C
corresponds to counterclockwise motion in the xy-plane.
−
→ −
→ →
− −
→ −
→
3. Let F = |− →
r
r |3
where →
−
r = x i + y j + z k and let S be any surface that surrounds the origin.
∫∫ −
→
Prove that F .n dσ = 4π.
S

4. Let D be the domain inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 cut off by the planes z = ∫0∫and z = x + 2.
If F⃗ = (x2 + yez , y 2 + zex , z + xey ), use the divergence theorem to evaluate F · n dσ.
∂D